Which of the following statements about the determinants of personality is true.. Which of the following statements about people with positive core self-evaluations is true.. Which of th
Trang 1Chapter 4 Personality and Values
MULTIPLE CHOICE
Personality
1 Which of the following statements about personality is correct?
a Personality is always stable
b Personality is a part of a person
c Personality is an aggregate whole
d Personality is for the most part comprised of traits that cannot be measured
e Personality is the primary source of emotions in most people
(c; Easy; p 106)
2 If personality characteristics were completely dictated by _, they would be fixed at birth and
no amount of experience could alter them
3 Research that examines _ lends credibility to the argument that heredity plays an important
part in determining personality
a the stability of job satisfaction over time
b twins who were raised together
c genetic studies of adults
5 “Bob is easy-going at home, but at work he becomes very tense and anxious.” This statement
attributes Bob’s personality more to which of the following?
a to help in employee selection and in guiding career development decisions
b to enable the easy evaluation of employee performance
c to help identify which people in a workforce will work best together
d to understand the motivation of outstanding workers
e to exclude potential trouble-makers from work
Trang 212 The book Profiles of Genius profiled 13 contemporary businesspeople who created
supersuccessful firms including Apple Computer, FedEx, Honda Motors, Microsoft, and Sony It was found that all 13 were what type of thinkers?
13 What is the major problem with the Meyers-Briggs Type Indicator as a measure of personality?
a it is very difficult to administer
Trang 3b it forces a person to be categorized as either one type or another
c it does not include enough dimensions to differentiate all the variety of human personality
d it tends to overemphasize intuitive personality traits over analytical personality traits
e it is very difficult to accurately interpret
(b; Challenging; p 109-110)
14 Which of the following statements about the determinants of personality is true?
a Personality appears to have no determinants
b Personality appears to be a result of external factors
c Personality appears to be a result of mainly environmental factors
d Personality appears to be a result of mainly hereditary factors
e Personality appears to be a result of both hereditary and environmental factors
(e; Easy; p 110)
15 When predicting behavior, why is it important to consider the situation in which that behavior
occurs?
a the external environment determines personality
b personality is mutable: it changes according to the situation
c personality is determined by a mix of environmental and inherent factors
d personality determines how well we adjust to the demands and requirements
Trang 4(c; Moderate; p 110)
20 Holland’s theory of personality-job fit argues that job satisfaction is highest and turnover lowest
where _
a personality and occupation are in agreement
b an individual is highly motivated
c salary is high
d felt emotions are displayed
e compensation is high
(a; Easy; p 112)
21 People who consistently believe they control their own destinies have a/an _
a high emotional stability
b internal locus of control
c Type A personality
d high propensity for risk-taking
e high self esteem
(b; Easy; p 114)
22 Which of the following tends to be true in individuals who have an internal locus of control?
a They are less satisfied with their jobs
b They have lower absenteeism rates
c They are less alienated from the work setting
d They display strong OCB
e They are self-confident
(a; Challenging; p 114)
23 Which of the following statements about people with positive core self-evaluations is true?
a they set goals which are easily obtainable
b they do not attribute positive outcomes to their own actions
c they are overconfident
d they take responsibility less frequently
e they tend to obtain more complex and challenging jobs
25 Which of the following statements about people with high self-esteem is correct?
a They are less likely to take unpopular stands
b They tend to be more satisfied with their jobs
c They are less likely to choose an unconventional job
d They tend to be more concerned with pleasing others
e They are over-confident
(b; Challenging; p 114)
26 What personality characteristic centers on whether a person is unemotional, pragmatic and
believes that ends can justify means?
a authoritarianism
b Machiavellianism
c Type A personality
Trang 5b “I do what I think needs to be done I don’t need someone else to tell me what is right.”
c “I’ll do whatever I have to do to get ahead.”
d ”I’ll put it all on the line if I have to; you’ve got to play big to win big.”
e “I move fast; if you get in my way I’ll run you down.”
(c; Challenging; p 115)
28 A high Mach would be most suited for which of the following positions?
a A manager who leads a team of geographically distant consultants
b A human resources manager who ensures staff firings do not place the company in legal jeopardy
c A ombudsman who investigates consumer complaints and mediates their outcome
d An auditor who checks that all company accounts are kept properly
e A real estate broker, negotiating in the lease of large amounts of office space
(e; Moderate; p 115)
29 How would you describe an individual who is capable of presenting striking contradictions
between who they are in public and who they are privately?
30 Which of the following statements about low self-monitors is true?
a They have a low behavioral consistency between who they are and what they do
b They tend to rate their performance much more highly than do outside observers
c They tend to pay less attention to the behavior of others than high self-monitors
d They usually receive high performance ratings
e They tend to thrive in areas that require them to take risks
(c; Challenging; p 116)
31 High self-monitors will most likely be well-suited to which of following positions?
a One that requires them to play multiple roles
b One that requires them not to yield to outside pressure
c One that requires them to operate independently for long periods of time
d One that requires them to take risks
e One that requires a great deal of creativity
(a; Moderate; p 116)
32 Which of the following has the highest intrinsic risk-taking propensity?
a an accountant performing auditing activities
b a stock trader in a brokerage firm
c a computer technologist
d a marketing representative
e a school crossing guard
(b; Easy; p 117)
Trang 633 What term is used to describe the personality of an individual who is aggressively involved in an
incessant struggle to achieve more and more in less and less time?
34 Which of the following is true of people with a Type A personality?
a They tend to be more successful than people with a Type B personality
b They play for fun and relaxation
c They are obsessed with numbers and measure their success in terms of how much of everything they acquire
d They generally feel little need to discuss their achievements
e They are generally content with their place in the world
(c; Moderate; p 117)
35 During an annual review Mitchel made the following assertion:
“When I look at myself and my performance I see that what I have achieved is outstanding and has, not surprisingly, won me the admiration and envy of most of my colleagues I notice that every-one keeps talking about me; they are all just waiting to find out what triumph I will pull off next! In short, I don’t just deserve a raise, but need one, since without me, let’s face it, the place would simply fall apart.”
Which of the following is probably the best descriptor of Mitchel’s personality?
b To enjoy leisure and quiet time alone
c To eat his meals quickly
d To concentrate on one task at a time
e To take long lunches and play pool
(c; Easy; p 117)
37 Which of the following is not a characteristic of the Type B personality?
a A Type B does not suffer from a sense of time urgency, with its accompanying impatience
b A Type B plays for fun and relaxation
c A Type B strives to think or do two or more things at once
d A Type B can relax without guilt
e A Type B does not need to discuss their achievements
(c; Moderate; p 118)
38 People with which type of personality trait commonly make poor decisions because they make
them too fast
Trang 739 Which of the following terms best describes people who show initiative, take action, and
persevere until meaningful change occurs?
40 It is estimated that about 50 percent of the North American population is Type A., while a much
smaller percentage of the Swedish population is Type A Which of the following is the most likely explanation for why this is so?
a the dominant personality characteristics of a country’s population influences its culture
b the ethnic background of North America gives a genetic predisposition towards Type A personalities
c in general, North Americans have far less leisure time than do Swedes
d North Americans believe that they can dominate their environment
e achievement and material success are more highly valued in North America than in Sweden
(e; Challenging; p 119)
41 In broad terms, one can say that in North America, people believe that they can dominate their
environment, while in Middle Eastern countries, people believe that life is essentially preordained
If this is true, what differences would you expect between the workforces of Canada and Kuwait?
a The Kuwaiti workforce will have a smaller percentage of narcissists than the Canadian workforce
b The Kuwaiti workforce will have a smaller percentage of internals than the Canadian workforce
c The Kuwaiti workforce will have a larger percentage of type A’s than the Canadian workforce
d The Kuwaiti workforce will have a larger percentage of self-monitors than the Canadian workforce
e This difference would probably not give rise to discernable differences between the workforces
43 Which of the following is the most powerful determinant of the dominant personality
characteristics of a country’s population?
a the country’s political system
b the country’s culture
c the values held by that population
d the country’s legal system
e the country’s gender distribution
(b; Moderate; p 119)
Values
Trang 844 Which of the following terms describes basic convictions that “a specific mode of conduct or end
state of existence is personally or socially preferable to an opposite mode of conduct.”
45 What does the content attribute of a value state?_
a That the value is complete
b That the value is important
c That the value is strongly or weakly held
d The behavior associated with that value
e That the value is not transient
47 Which of the following statements about values is true?
a Values are flexible
b Values are synonymous with attitudes
c Values tend to be consistent among occupational groups
d Values are fairly stable over time
e Values change easily when they are called into question
(d; Challenging; p 121)
48 What is the difference between terminal and instrumental values, as proposed by Rokeach?
a Terminal values are the goals that a person would like to achieve during his or her lifetime, while the instrumental values are the preferable modes of behavior in achieving these values
b Instrumental values are the goals that a person would like to achieve during his or her lifetime, while terminal values are the preferable modes of behavior in achieving theses values
c Terminal values are the highest values in a person’s value system, while instrumental values are the ones that are most often used
d Instrumental values are the values that are used in day to day life, terminal values are those that come into play at times of great stress
e Terminal values are the values shared by the group as a whole, instrumental values are the values that differ within a group and give rise to conflict
(a; Moderate; p 121)
49 Values are important to organizational behavior because they _
a allow the study of alignment of organizational policies
b lay the foundation for the understanding of attitudes and motivation
c form the supporting foundation for the study of ethics
d are an integral part of culture
e encourage ethical behavior
(b; Challenging; p 121)
50 Which of the following values would be most likely to be considered a terminal value by
Rockeach?
Trang 9a hard working, conservative, conforming; loyalty to the organization
b team-orientated, honest, self-reliant, loyal to relationships
c success, achievement, ambition, dislike of authority; loyalty to career
d work/life balance, team-oriented, dislike of rules; loyalty to relationships
e confident, financial success, self-reliant but team-oriented; loyalty to both self and relationships
(c; Challenging; p 123)
54 What is the term used to describe those members of the population whose lives have been
shaped by globalization, MTV, AIDS, and computers; and who value flexibility, life options, and the achievement of job satisfaction?
55 Throughout the mid-1970s in the U.S., the managerial ranks were dominated by Veterans When
faced with ethical dilemmas, their decisions were made in terms of what was best for _
Trang 1060 In the U.S., employees who are how old are most likely to leave a job in mid-career to pursue
another that provides more leisure time?
b flexibility versus rigidity
c individualism versus collectivism:
d long-term versus short-term orientation:
e uncertainty avoidance
(b; Challenging; p 125)
Trang 1163 What is the measure of the extent to which people in a country accept the fact that power in
institutions and organizations is distributed unequally?
65 Which of the following is most likely to be a country with high power distance?
a An individualist country like Australia
b A long term oriented country like Japan
c An uncertainty avoiding country like Uruguay
d A collectivist country like Guatemala
e A masculine country like Greece
Performance orientation
Humane orientation
Power distance
68 The above table shows the relative rankings of five countries in five of GLOBE’s cultural
dimensions In which country are people most likely to identify with and take pride in the company they work for?
a Country A
Trang 12Linking an Individual’s Personality and Values to the Workplace
69 According to Holland’s personality–job fit theory, what are consequences of a good fit between
personality and occupation?
a a low level of stress
b a high level of accomplishment
c high satisfaction and low turnover
d maximum performance and efficiency
e a high rate of turnover
(c; Easy; p 131)
70 The “enterprising” personality from Holland’s typology of personality and congruent occupations
would exhibit which of the following personality characteristics?
a imaginative, disorderly, idealistic
b shy, genuine, persistent
c sociable, friendly, cooperative
d self-confident, ambitious, energetic
e conforming, efficient, practical,
72 You are seeking to fill the position of corporate accountant, and have administered Holland’s
Vocational Preference Inventory questionnaire to all candidates You would suspect that the questionnaire would indicate that the best candidates for the position would have which of the following personality types?
73 Which one of the following statements is true about the six personality types developed in
Holland’s personality-job fit theory? Each of the six types has a _
a supplemental personality style
b congruent personality style
c congruent occupational environment
d supplemental occupational environment
e supplemental skill set
(c; Challenging; p 131)