skill variety, autonomy, and task significance c?. skill variety, task identity, and task significance e; Moderate; p.. Beyond redesigning the nature of the work itself, and involving em
Trang 1Chapter 7 Motivation: From Concept to Applications
MULTIPLE CHOICE
Motivating by Changing the Nature of the Work Environment
1 Which of the following is not one of the core job dimensions in the JCM model?
a task significance
b feedback
c autonomy
d status
e skill variety
(d; Moderate; p 226-227)
2 In the JCM model, what three core job dimensions combine to create meaningful work?
a autonomy, task identity, and feedback
b skill variety, autonomy, and task significance
c skill variety, autonomy, and feedback
d feedback, task identity, and task significance
e skill variety, task identity, and task significance
(e; Moderate; p 227)
3 According to JCM theory, which of the following results in the maximum internal rewards for an
individual?
a when they are given tangible rewards
b when they learn that they personally have performed well on a task that they care about
c when they initiate a program that enables them to work with a variety of like-minded colleagues
d when their training is realized and their expectations are met
e when they are singled out for praise for successfully completing an arduous task
(b; Challenging; p 227)
4 How is the motivational potential score (MPS) calculated?
a skill variety × task identity × task significance × autonomy × feedback
b 3(skill variety + task identity + task significance) + autonomy + feedback
c (skill variety + task identity + task significance)/3 × autonomy × feedback
d skill variety × task identity × task significance + autonomy + feedback
e (skill variety + task identity + task significance + autonomy + feedback)/5
(c; Moderate; p 228)
5 What is another term for cross-training?
a work enrichment
b job sharing
c work enlargement
d job enhancement
e job rotation
(e; Easy; p 229)
6 What is the main strength of job rotation?
a It eliminates boredom on the job
b It increases motivation
c It increases productivity
d It decreases training costs
e It decreases supervisor workload
(b; Challenging; p 229)
Trang 27 A trucking company routinely makes all of its office staff work for a week in the warehouse area;
loading trucks, cleaning trucks, and doing other work which they are capable of This program is
an example of which of the following?
a job rotation
b job enlargement
c job enrichment
d job sharing
e flextime
(a; Moderate; p, 229-231)
8 A company redesigns the jobs of the workers in accounts receivables, so that instead of simply
billing customers, they will also be responsible for following up on non-payment, liaising between customers and the departments billing them, and other related tasks What term would best be used to describe these changes?
a job rotation
b job enlargement
c job enrichment
d job sharing
e flextime
(b; Moderate; p, 230)
9 How do most employees react to job enlargement efforts?
a unqualified approval
b somewhat enthusiastically
c with a lack of enthusiasm
d the reaction tends to be mixed
e there tends to be very little reaction
(c; Easy; p 230)
10 Job enrichment increases the degree to which the worker controls the _
a planning, execution and evaluation of his or her work
b planning, execution and evaluation of company plans
c horizontal integration of his or her tasks
d feedback that a worker receives from his or her supervisor and peers
e evaluation of his or her peers
(a; Challenging; p 230)
11 Which one of the following is not one of the guidelines for enriching jobs?
a form job redesign units
b establish client relationships
c open feedback channels
d combine tasks
e expand jobs vertically
(a; Challenging; p 231)
12 A firm introduces job enrichment in order to motivate its employees Evidence would suggest
that which of the following is the most likely result of this change?
a reduced absenteeism and turnover costs
b lower fixed costs
c a drop in quality
d a decrease in productivity
e an increase in productivity
(a; Challenging; p 232)
13 Beyond redesigning the nature of the work itself, and involving employees in decisions, another
Trang 3approach to making the work environment more motivating is to alter work arrangements Which
of the following is designed to give an employee greater control of their schedule?
a flextime
b job sharing
c job rotation
d telecommuting
e job enrichment
(a; Moderate; p 232)
14 Which of the following has not been shown to be a benefit of flextime.?
a reduced absenteeism
b improved productivity
c increased meaningfulness
d increased satisfaction
e improved promptness
(c; Moderate; p 233)
15 Which of the following is a job that does not lend itself to telecommuting?
a an attorney who spends most of her time researching on the computer
b a writer of copy for an advertising firm
c a car salesman who demonstrates the features of a new model of car
d a telemarketer who uses the phone to contact clients
e a product support specialist who fields calls from irate customers
(c; Easy; p 234)
Employee Involvement
16 The underlying logic of employee involvement is that by involving workers and increasing their
autonomy and control over their work lives, employees will become all of the following except more _
a motivated
b competent
c productive
d satisfied
e committed
(b; Moderate; p 235)
17 What term is used for a participative process that uses the entire capacity of employees and is
designed to encourage increased commitment to the organization’s success?
a MBO
b employee involvement
c reengineering
d OB Mod
e job sharing
(b; Moderate; p 235)
18 After completing cooking school with very similar grades, Joe and Gary both looked forward to
working in restaurants Joe found work as a short-order cook in a cramped diner On many shifts
he worked alone, and had to cook a large number of meals on outdated equipment Gary found work in a modern hotel kitchen He had a small staff helping him prepare a small number of elaborate meals to order Gary became a highly regarded chef, while Joe left the restaurant industry This example illustrates that an individual needs what in order to perform well?
a ability
b motivation
c opportunity to perform
Trang 4d adequate compensation
e feedback
(c; Challenging; p 235)
19 A manager introduces participative management in an effort to boost morale and productivity If
he wants to make sure that it has as great a chance of success as possible he should ensure all
of the following except _?
a the issues decided upon must be relevant to the employees
b the employees must be informed and competent enough to make decisions
c the employees must be trusted by the manager
d the manager must be trusted by the employees
e representative participation through work councils and board representatives
(e; Challenging; p 236)
20 What is the distinct characteristic common to all participative management programs?
a joint decision making
b autonomy
c empowerment
d productivity enhancement
e quality awareness
(a; Challenging; p 236)
21 Research shows that works councils tend to be ineffective for which of the following reasons?
a Members of works council tend to side with management when making decisions for fear of being punished
b Works councils represent the wishes of employees that are often at odds with the best direction of an organization
c Works councils are dominated by management and their input has little impact on employees
or the organization
d Works councils insert an extra element into decision making which slows the response of an organization to changing conditions
e Members of works councils are in general not qualified to make large decisions concerning the direction of an organization
(c; Moderate; p 236)
22 What is participative management?
a A method of management where subordinates make corporate decisions and management helps carry out those decisions
b A method of management where upper management participates in the organization’s strategic planning
c A method of management where subordinates share a degree of decision-making power with their immediate superiors
d A method of management where low-level workers meet occasionally with the CEO to discuss problems within their department
e A method of management where low-level workers are responsible for making corporate policy decisions
(c; Moderate; p 236)
23 Research studies conducted on the participation-performance relationship show that the use of
participation _
a enhances job satisfaction
b increases motivation
c has only a modest influence on employee productivity
d greatly influences employee attitudes
e lowers costs considerably
Trang 5(c; Moderate; p 236)
24 What does legislation require almost every company in Western Europe to do?
a have a form of representative participation
b provide employee ownership
c provide flextime
d set up quality circles
e have flexible benefit options
(a; Easy; p 236)
25 What is the goal of representative participation?
a for workers to own the firms where they work
b to help workers’ self-esteem
c to provide greater motivation and productivity
d to redistribute power within the organization
e to empower high level managers
(d; Moderate; p 236)
26 What is the name for employees who sit on a company’s board of directors and represent the
interests of the firm’s employees?
a board representatives
b works councils
c quality circles
d union representatives
e board leaders
(a; Easy; p 236)
27 Experience shows that the greatest value of representative participation is which of the
following?
a increased motivation
b increased satisfaction
c symbolic
d decreased absenteeism
e increased commitment
(c; Moderate; p 236)
28 Which of the following once popular programs now seems to be a fad that has come and gone?
a MBO
b Job redesign
c ESOP
d Quality circles
e Projection groups
(d; Moderate; p 236)
29 What term is used for work groups of employees and supervisors who meet regularly to discuss
their quality problems and recommend solutions?
a department teams
b cooperative groups
c evaluation teams
d quality circles
e mixed-motive decision teams
(d; Moderate; p 236-237)
30 Which of the following is not an example of employee involvement?
a variable-pay programs
b participative management
Trang 6c quality circles
d employee stock ownership plans
e seasonal bonus programs
(a; Moderate; p 237)
31 While _ is/are likely to increase productivity, it shows little or no effect on employee
satisfaction
a ESOP
b MBO program
c quality circles
d job redesign
e social reconstruction
(c; Moderate; p 237)
32 Participative management is compatible with all of the following except _
a ERG theory
b Theory X
c stimulating the achievement need
d MBO
e success needs
(b; Moderate; p 237)
33 Which of the following is Theory X is consistent with?
a the autocratic style of managing people
b participative management
c ERG theory
d the cognitive evaluation theory
e none of the above
(a; Challenging; p 237)
34 Which of the following is not true?
a Theory Y aligns with the participative management style
b Employee involvement programs provide intrinsic motivation
c Theory X aligns with the autocratic management style
d Employee involvement is incompatible with ERG theory
e Making and implementing decisions can help satisfy an employee’s needs for achievement, recognition, and enhanced self-esteem
(d; Moderate; p 237)
Rewarding Employees
35 Which of the following are all forms of variable-pay programs?
a piece-rate, wage incentive plans, gainsharing
b profit-sharing, lump-sum bonuses, extended vacations
c wage incentive plans, flextime, piece-rate
d retirement benefits, extended vacations, wage incentive plans
e wage rate increases, bonuses, flextime
(a; Easy; p 238)
36 Which of the following is one advantage of variable pay plans to management?
a They turn fixed labor costs into variable labor costs
b They turn low producers into high producers
c They turn slow employees into fast employees
d They turn high fixed costs into low fixed costs
e They turn lower performance into fewer employees
Trang 7(a; Challenging; p 238)
37 Which of the following is not one of the most widely used variable-pay programs?
a piece-rate wages
b merit-based pay
c flat pay
d employee stock ownership
e profit sharing plans
(c; Easy; p 238)
38 Which of the following is an example of a piece-rate plan?
a time and a half for overtime
b $2 for each unit produced
c productivity bonus
d commission
e none of the above
(b; Moderate; p 239)
39 Much of the compensation of traders at Synalco, a metals trading company, is in the form of
stock options The amount of options distributed is based on the company’s net profits What sort
of compensation plan is this?
a profit-sharing
b gainsharing
c merit based
d ESOP
e employee ownership
(a; Moderate; p 240)
40 What is the name for a n incentive plan where improvements in group productivity determine the
total amount of money that is allocated
a ESOP
b gainsharing
c profit-sharing
d piece rates
e employee ownership
(b; Moderate; p 240)
41 How is gainsharing an improvement on profit sharing?
a It focuses on productivity gains rather than profits
b It rewards specific behaviors
c It does not distribute profits, only gains in profits
d It rewards behaviors that are less influenced by external factors
e Superior employees can receive incentive awards even when the organization isn’t profitable
(a; Moderate; p 241)
42 In what sort of companies is gainsharing most popular?
a large manufacturing companies
b large service organizations
c small, non-unionized manufacturing companies
d small, privately-held companies
e non-profit organizations
(a; Challenging; p 240-241)
43 What sort of plan is a company-established benefit plan where employees acquire stock as part
of their benefits?
Trang 8a MBO program
b job redesign
c ESOP
d quality circle
e piece-rate
(c; Moderate; p 241)
44 Research on employee stock ownership programs indicates that they are clearly successful in
doing which of the following?
a increasing employee satisfaction
b reducing salaries
c reducing stress
d increasing productivity
e increasing employee expectations
(a; Moderate; p 241)
45 What is the term used for a pay plan where pay levels are based on how many skills employees
have or how many jobs they can do?
a a variable pay plan
b flexible pay
c competency-based pay
d gainsharing
e ISOP
(c; Moderate; p 242)
46 A certain corporation ties its compensation for front-line operations managers to developing their
skills in leadership, workforce development, and functional excellence What is this sort of compensation scheme called?
a job-based pay
b training-based pay
c individual merit-based pay
d skill-based pay
e development-based pay
(d; Moderate; p 242)
47 What is the appeal of skill-based plans from management’s point of view _
a flexibility
b low cost
c motivation
d productivity
e all of the above
(a; Moderate; p 243)
48 Which of the following is not a downside of skill-based pay?
a People can “top out.”
b Skills can become obsolete
c Ambitious people can confront minimal advancement opportunities
d People are paid for acquiring skills for which there is no immediate need
e It doesn’t address the level of performance
(c; Moderate; p 243)
49 Skill-based pay plans are not consistent with which of the following theories?
a ERG theory
b the achievement need
c reinforcement theory
d two-factor theory
Trang 9e Maslow’s theory
(d; Challenging; p 243)
50 Paying people to expand their skill levels is consistent with the which need
a affiliation
b achievement
c social
d security
e physiological
(b; Moderate; p 243)
51 A rise in which of the following was reported by companies that pay employees for learning extra
skills?
a operating costs
b employee performance
c turnover
d absenteeism
e perceptions of unfairness
(b; Moderate; p 243)
52 What is the term used for the situation where employees are allowed to pick and choose from
among a menu of benefit options
a flexible pay
b benefit menu options
c flexible benefits
d benefit participation
e flextime
(c; Easy; p 244)
53 The average organization supplies fringe benefits worth approximately what percent of an
employee’s salary?
a 25
b 30
c 35
d 40
e 50
(d; Challenging; p 244)
54 Which of the following is not a typical option in a flexible benefit program?
a additional life insurance
b disability insurance
c expanded health coverage
d tax free health care spending accounts
e mortgage relief
(e; Easy; p 244)
55 What are modular benefit plans?
a essential benefits and a menu-like selection of other benefits
b pre-designed packages of benefits
c they employees to set aside funds up to the dollar amount offered in the plan to pay for services
d a scheme designed for single employees with no dependents
e a scheme designed for employees with families
(b; Moderate; p 244)
Trang 1056 Why are flexible benefit plans consistent with expectancy theory’s thesis?
a they allow organizations to minimize costs associated with benefits
b they provides a suite of tangible rewards that can be offered as motivation
c organizational rewards should be linked to each individual employee’s goals
d they make employment at firms providing such programs more attractive
e the motivation to gain extra benefits promotes productivity
(c; Challenging; p 244)
57 Employee recognition programs are consistent with which of the following?
a goal setting theory
b cognitive evaluation theory
c reinforcement theory
d expectancy theory
e Marxist theory
(c; Challenging; p 245)
58 Laura only makes minimum wage, but she loves her job Her supervisor regularly compliments
her and she has been chosen employee of the month twice this year Which of the following is Laura’s attitude most likely a function of?
a recognition
b motivation
c goal setting
d involvement
e reactance
(a; Moderate; p 245)
59 Which of the following is a form of recognition?
a personal congratulations
b job enlargement
c job sharing
d flexible benefit packages
e profit sharing
(a; Easy; p 245)
60 Researchers report that which of the following was considered by employees to be the most
powerful workplace motivator?
a recognition
b money
c opportunity for advancement
d autonomy
e vacation time
(a; Moderate; p 246)
TRUE/FALSE
Motivating by Changing the Nature of the Work Environment
61 The JCM model consists of task significance, feedback, meaningfulness and autonomy
(False; Challenging; p 226-227)
62 Jobs that are high on motivating potential must be high on at least one of the three factors that
lead to experienced meaningfulness, and they must be high on both autonomy and feedback
(True; Moderate; p 228)
63 The dimensions of the JCM that create meaningfulness include task identity, skill variety, and