Test bank earth science 12e ch19

Earth Science, 13e (Tarbuck) Chapter 19 Weather Patterns and Severe Weather 1) When an area is experiencing several consecutive days of rather constant weather, it is probably A) warm-front weather B) cold-front weather C) air-mass weather D) occluded front weather Answer: C Diff: Topic: 19.1 Air Masses Bloom's: Understanding 2) An air mass from the Gulf of Mexico is labeled A) cP B) mP C) cT D) mT Answer: D Diff: Topic: 19.1 Air Masses Bloom's: Remembering 3) A cT air mass is A) cold and dry B) cold and humid C) warm and dry D) warm and humid Answer: C Diff: Topic: 19.1 Air Masses Bloom's: Remembering 4) An mP air mass is A) cold and dry B) cold and humid C) warm and dry D) warm and humid Answer: B Diff: Topic: 19.1 Air Masses Bloom's: Remembering Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc 5) The air masses that have the greatest influence on weather conditions in the central United States are A) cP and mT B) mP and cP C) cT and cP D) mP and mT Answer: A Diff: Topic: 19.1 Air Masses Bloom's: Remembering 6) This air mass may produce an occasional "nor'easter" in the winter A) cP B) mP C) cT D) mT Answer: B Diff: Topic: 19.1 Air Masses Bloom's: Remembering 7) This air mass often originates as a different air mass in Siberia and is subsequently altered A) cP B) mP C) cT D) mT Answer: A Diff: Topic: 19.1 Air Masses Bloom's: Remembering 8) This air mass is the source of much of the moisture for precipitation in the central and eastern United States A) cP B) mP C) cT D) mT Answer: D Diff: Topic: 19.1 Air Masses Bloom's: Remembering Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc 9) If you were 200 kilometers ahead of the surface position of a warm front, you would find the frontal surface at a height of about km overhead A) 0.5 B) 1.0 C) 1.5 D) 2.0 Answer: B Diff: Topic: 19.2 Fronts Bloom's: Understanding 10) On a weather map, fronts are shown by a line with triangular points on one side A) warm B) cold C) occluded D) stationary Answer: B Diff: Topic: 19.2 Fronts Bloom's: Remembering 11) After the center of a mature wave cyclone passes, you should expect A) barometric pressure to rise B) warmer temperatures C) barometric pressure to fall D) barometric pressure to remain steady Answer: A Diff: Topic: 19.3 The Middle-Latitude Cyclone Bloom's: Understanding 12) "Rain long foretold, long last; short notice, soon past." The first five words of this weather proverb A) refer to a cold front B) refer to a warm front C) refer to an anticyclone D) have no basis in fact Answer: B Diff: Topic: 19.2 Fronts Bloom's: Remembering Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc 13) On a weather map, fronts are shown by a line with semicircles extending from one side A) warm B) cold C) occluded D) stationary Answer: A Diff: Topic: 19.2 Fronts Bloom's: Remembering 14) If an observer sees cirrus clouds, followed later by cirrostratus, and then altostratus, he or she is witnessing the approach of a front A) warm B) cold C) warm or cold D) none of these Answer: A Diff: Topic: 19.2 Fronts Bloom's: Understanding 15) A wind shift from south or southwest to northwest is commonly associated with the passage of a front A) warm B) cold C) neither warm nor cold D) stationary Answer: B Diff: Topic: 19.2 Fronts Bloom's: Understanding 16) Which of the following is considered to be a boundary between two different air masses? A) warm front B) cold front C) both warm front and cold front D) none of these Answer: C Diff: Topic: 19.2 Fronts Bloom's: Understanding Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc 17) Usually fronts produce several hours of moderate-to-gentle precipitation over a large region A) warm B) cold C) warm and cold D) none of these Answer: B Diff: Topic: 19.2 Fronts Bloom's: Understanding 18) When an active cold front overtakes a warm front A) the fronts cancel one another out B) cloud formation ceases C) an occluded front forms D) a stationary front is created Answer: C Diff: Topic: 19.2 Fronts Bloom's: Understanding 19) Cold fronts and warm fronts in the middle latitudes are often associated with a A) hurricane B) middle-latitude cyclone C) low pressure D) both B and C Answer: B Diff: Topic: 19.2 Fronts Bloom's: Understanding 20) Which of the following should have the steepest pressure gradient? A) tornado B) middle-latitude cyclone C) hurricane D) All should have equally steep pressure gradients Answer: A Diff: Topic: 19.6 Tornadoes Bloom's: Understanding Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc 21) Which one of the following statements is NOT true of tornadoes? A) occur most frequently in the spring of the year B) usually occur along the warm front of a mid-latitude cyclone C) most common in the Midwest and Great Plains D) associated with cumulonimbus clouds Answer: B Diff: Topic: 19.6 Tornadoes Bloom's: Analyzing 22) In the Northern Hemisphere, tornadoes are most frequent during the A) January-March period B) April-June period C) October-December period D) month of September Answer: B Diff: Topic: 19.6 Tornadoes Bloom's: Remembering 23) Tornadoes most often move TOWARDS what direction? A) west B) southeast C) northeast D) northwest Answer: C Diff: Topic: 19.6 Tornadoes Bloom's: Remembering 24) Typhoon is another name for a A) wave cyclone B) hurricane C) tornado D) squall line Answer: B Diff: Topic: 19.7 Hurricanes Bloom's: Remembering Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc 25) When a hurricane moves onto land, it rapidly loses its punch; that is, the storm declines in intensity Which of the factors listed below contribute to this loss of punch? A) friction B) lack of warm, moist air C) heating from below by the land surface D) both A and B Answer: D Diff: Topic: 19.7 Hurricanes Bloom's: Understanding 26) The eye of a hurricane is A) the portion with the highest wind speeds B) warmer than the rest of the storm C) along the leading edge of the storm D) the area of most intense rainfall Answer: B Diff: Topic: 19.7 Hurricanes Bloom's: Analyzing 27) Hurricanes generally are A) larger than tornadoes B) smaller than mid-latitude cyclones C) areas of heavy rainfall and strong winds D) all of these Answer: D Diff: Topic: 19.7 Hurricanes Bloom's: Analyzing 28) The precipitation associated with a warm front typically arrives the actual frontal boundary A) considerably ahead of B) considerably behind C) at about the same time as D) none of these Answer: A Diff: Topic: 19.2 Fronts Bloom's: Understanding Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc Word Analysis Examine the words and/or phrases for each question below and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases Choose the option which does not fit the pattern 29) cP mT cA Answer: cA Diff: Topic: 19.1 Air Masses Bloom's: Analyzing mP 30) tornado cyclone Answer: anticyclone Diff: Topic: 19.6 Tornadoes Bloom's: Analyzing anticyclone 31) cold front stationary front Answer: stationary front Diff: Topic: 19.2 Fronts Bloom's: Analyzing 32) tropical storm Answer: tornado Diff: Topic: 19.6 Tornadoes Bloom's: Analyzing hurricane warm front tropical depression occluded front hurricane tornado 33) A cT air mass is dry and warm Answer: TRUE Diff: Topic: 19.1 Air Masses Bloom's: Remembering 34) Air masses that form in the Gulf of Mexico are classified as mT Answer: TRUE Diff: Topic: 19.1 Air Masses Bloom's: Remembering 35) Continental polar air masses seldom influence the weather south of the Great Lakes Answer: FALSE Diff: Topic: 19.1 Air Masses Bloom's: Understanding Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc 36) Warm fronts generally have steeper slopes than cold fronts Answer: FALSE Diff: Topic: 19.2 Fronts Bloom's: Remembering 37) Cold fronts usually move more slowly than warm fronts Answer: FALSE Diff: Topic: 19.2 Fronts Bloom's: Remembering 38) Precipitation associated with a cold front is usually more intense and shorter in duration than precipitation generated by a warm front Answer: TRUE Diff: Topic: 19.2 Fronts Bloom's: Remembering 39) An occluded front is depicted on a weather map as a line with semicircles on one side and triangular points on the other side Answer: FALSE Diff: Topic: 19.2 Fronts Bloom's: Remembering 40) In a mature middle-latitude cyclone, the warm front precedes the cold front Answer: TRUE Diff: Topic: 19.3 The Middle-Latitude Cyclone Bloom's: Remembering 41) Surface cyclones are accompanied by divergence aloft Answer: TRUE Diff: Topic: 19.3 The Middle-Latitude Cyclone Bloom's: Remembering 42) Thunderstorms are usually associated with nimbostratus clouds Answer: FALSE Diff: Topic: 19.5 Thunderstorms Bloom's: Remembering Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc 43) Most severe thunderstorms that occur in the middle latitudes form along or ahead of cold fronts Answer: TRUE Diff: Topic: 19.5 Thunderstorms Bloom's: Remembering 44) Thunder is produced by lightning Answer: TRUE Diff: Topic: 19.5 Thunderstorms Bloom's: Remembering 45) Divergence aloft helps maintain surface lows Answer: TRUE Diff: Topic: 19.3 The Middle-Latitude Cyclone Bloom's: Remembering 46) The summer months (June through August in the Northern Hemisphere) is the period of greatest tornado frequency Answer: TRUE Diff: Topic: 19.6 Tornadoes Bloom's: Remembering 47) Tornadoes are most often generated along the cold front of a middle-latitude cyclone Answer: TRUE Diff: Topic: 19.6 Tornadoes Bloom's: Remembering 48) Tornadoes are cyclonic while hurricanes are anticyclonic Answer: FALSE Diff: Topic: 19.6 Tornadoes Bloom's: Remembering 49) A tornado watch is issued by the National Weather Service after a tornado has been sighted in an area Answer: FALSE Diff: Topic: 19.6 Tornadoes Bloom's: Remembering 10 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc 50) Doppler radar aids tornado detection Answer: TRUE Diff: Topic: 19.6 Tornadoes Bloom's: Remembering 51) In some parts of the world hurricanes are called typhoons or cyclones Answer: TRUE Diff: Topic: 19.7 Hurricanes Bloom's: Remembering 52) A tropical depression has stronger winds than a tropical storm Answer: FALSE Diff: Topic: 19.7 Hurricanes Bloom's: Remembering 53) In a hurricane the greatest wind speeds and heaviest rainfall occur in the region called the eye Answer: FALSE Diff: Topic: 19.7 Hurricanes Bloom's: Understanding 54) Hurricanes form between the latitudes of degrees and 20 degrees Answer: TRUE Diff: Topic: 19.7 Hurricanes Bloom's: Remembering 55) Hurricanes most often develop in late summer Answer: TRUE Diff: Topic: 19.7 Hurricanes Bloom's: Remembering 56) A large body of air that is characterized by a homogeneity of temperature and moisture at any given level is a(n) Answer: air mass Diff: Topic: 19.1 Air Masses Bloom's: Understanding 11 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc 57) The boundary between air masses having different densities is called a(n) Answer: front Diff: Topic: 19.2 Fronts Bloom's: Remembering 58) When an active cold front overtakes a warm front, a(n) front forms Answer: occluded Diff: Topic: 19.2 Fronts Bloom's: Remembering 59) The electrical discharge of lightning rapidly heats the air, which in turn causes it to expand explosively to produce Answer: thunder Diff: Topic: 19.5 Thunderstorms Bloom's: Understanding 60) When conditions appear favorable for tornado formation, a(n) is issued for areas covering about 65,000 square kilometers Answer: tornado watch Diff: Topic: 19.6 Tornadoes Bloom's: Remembering 61) The new generation of weather radar that is capable of detecting motion directly is called radar Answer: Doppler Diff: Topic: 19.6 Tornadoes Bloom's: Remembering 62) In the western Pacific, hurricanes are called Answer: typhoons Diff: Topic: 19.7 Hurricanes Bloom's: Remembering 63) At the center of a hurricane is a relatively calm region called the Answer: eye Diff: Topic: 19.7 Hurricanes Bloom's: Remembering 12 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc 64) By international agreement, lesser tropical cyclones are given different names based on the strength of their winds When a cyclone's strongest winds not exceed 61 kilometers (38 miles) per hour, it is called a(n) Answer: tropical depression Diff: Topic: 19.3 The Middle-Latitude Cyclone Bloom's: Understanding Critical Thinking and Discussion Use complete sentences, correct spelling, and the information presented in Chapter 19 to answer the questions below 65) Compare the characteristics (general weather, movement, etc.) of a cold front to a warm front Also, briefly explain why they exhibit different characteristics Diff: Topic: 19.2 Fronts Bloom's: Applying 66) Discuss the formation and growth of hurricanes When they occur, how are they related to low pressure, where they get their energy, and why they finally lose strength and dissipate? Diff: Topic: 19.7 Hurricanes Bloom's: Applying 67) Why does the central United States from Texas to the Ohio Valley experience the greatest frequency of tornadoes on Earth? What time of year they occur and why? Is it possible for tornadoes to occur in other areas and at different times throughout the year? Diff: Topic: 19.6 Tornadoes Bloom's: Understanding 13 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc 68) Label the air masses on the diagram below Answer: See Figure 19.3 in Earth Science, 13e Diff: Topic: 19.1 Air Masses Bloom's: Understanding 14 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc 69) What type of front is illustrated in the diagram below? Answer: warm front Diff: Topic: 19.2 Fronts Bloom's: Understanding 70) What type of front is illustrated in the diagram below? Answer: cold front Diff: Topic: 19.2 Fronts Bloom's: Understanding 15 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc 71) What type of front is illustrated in the diagram below? Answer: occluded front Diff: Topic: 19.2 Fronts Bloom's: Understanding 16 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc  ... does the central United States from Texas to the Ohio Valley experience the greatest frequency of tornadoes on Earth? What time of year they occur and why? Is it possible for tornadoes to occur... Pearson Education, Inc 68) Label the air masses on the diagram below Answer: See Figure 19.3 in Earth Science, 13e Diff: Topic: 19.1 Air Masses Bloom's: Understanding 14 Copyright © 2012 Pearson... storm Answer: FALSE Diff: Topic: 19.7 Hurricanes Bloom's: Remembering 53) In a hurricane the greatest wind speeds and heaviest rainfall occur in the region called the eye Answer: FALSE Diff: Topic: