Earth Science, 13e (Tarbuck) Chapter Glaciers, Deserts, and Winds 1) A name commonly used as a synonym for the most recent Ice Age is A) Pennsylvanian period B) Miocene epoch C) Mesozoic era D) Pleistocene epoch Answer: D Diff: Topic: 6.6 Glaciers of the Ice Age Bloom's: Remembering 2) is one of the two major flow mechanisms in a glacier A) Slipping B) Elastic pushing C) Frost heaving D) Glacial rebound Answer: A Diff: Topic: 6.2 How Glaciers Move Bloom's: Understanding 3) Where is the world's largest ice sheet located today? A) Greenland B) Russia, Siberia C) Iceland D) Antarctica Answer: D Diff: Topic: 6.1 Glaciers: A Part of Two Basic Cycles in the Earth System Bloom's: Remembering 4) Which one of the following is NOT true of glaciers? A) originate on land B) exist only in the Northern Hemisphere C) show evidence of past or present flow D) form from the recrystallization of snow Answer: B Diff: Topic: 6.1 Glaciers: A Part of Two Basic Cycles in the Earth System Bloom's: Understanding Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc 5) Which one of the following applies to a valley glacier that lengthens (extends the position of its terminus downslope) over a period of many years? A) wastage exceeds accumulation B) accumulation exceeds wastage C) accumulation and wastage are about equal D) none of the above Answer: B Diff: Topic: 6.2 How Glaciers Move Bloom's: Applying 6) Abrasion and plucking generally involve what part of a glacier? A) the internal flowage zone B) the snout zone C) the surface brittle zone D) the bottom or base Answer: D Diff: Topic: 6.3 Glacial Erosion Bloom's: Understanding 7) During the most recent ice age, glaciers covered about percent of Earth's land area A) B) 10 C) 30 D) 50 Answer: C Diff: Topic: 6.6 Glaciers of the Ice Age Bloom's: Remembering 8) are erosional features produced by valley/alpine glaciers A) Moraines B) Cirques C) Eskers D) Drumlins Answer: B Diff: Topic: 6.3 Glacial Erosion Bloom's: Applying Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc 9) The term drift A) refers only to alpine glaciers B) refers only to moraines C) is synonymous with the term till D) means any sediments of glacial origin Answer: D Diff: Topic: 6.4 Glacial Deposits Bloom's: Understanding Give the term of the appropriate material for each feature till outwash solid rock 10) moraine Answer: till Diff: Topic: 6.4 Glacial Deposits Bloom's: Understanding 11) glacial erratic Answer: solid rock Diff: Topic: 6.4 Glacial Deposits Bloom's: Remembering 12) cirque Answer: solid rock Diff: Topic: 6.3 Glacial Erosion Bloom's: Understanding 13) esker Answer: outwash Diff: Topic: 6.4 Glacial Deposits Bloom's: Applying 14) horn Answer: solid rock Diff: Topic: 6.3 Glacial Erosion Bloom's: Understanding Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc 15) drumlin Answer: till Diff: Topic: 6.4 Glacial Deposits Bloom's: Understanding 16) Ice Age glaciers had many indirect effects Which one of the following was NOT such an effect? A) formation of mountains B) extinction of some organisms C) changes in some river courses D) sea level fluctuations Answer: A Diff: Topic: 6.5 Other Effects of Ice Age Glaciers Bloom's: Remembering 17) A(n) represents a former meltwater channel or tunnel in glacial ice that was filled with sand and gravel A) esker B) yazoo ridge C) valley plain D) kettle Answer: A Diff: Topic: 6.4 Glacial Deposits Bloom's: Understanding 18) A(n) is likely to host a waterfall or steep rapids today A) outwash plain B) hanging valley C) striated drumlin D) horn peak Answer: B Diff: Topic: 6.3 Glacial Erosion Bloom's: Understanding 19) Which process occurs where a glacier enters the sea? A) kaming B) calving C) surging D) drowning Answer: B Diff: Topic: 6.2 How Glaciers Move Bloom's: Remembering Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc 20) A forms when a block of ice is buried in drift and subsequently melts, creating a pit A) tarn B) paternoster C) kame D) kettle Answer: D Diff: Topic: 6.4 Glacial Deposits Bloom's: Understanding 21) A(n) is an irregular, usually thin till layer laid down by a retreating glacier A) terminal moraine B) outwash blanket C) kame sheet D) ground moraine Answer: D Diff: Topic: 6.4 Glacial Deposits Bloom's: Remembering 22) A broad accumulation of stratified drift deposited adjacent to the downstream edge of an end moraine is a(n) A) kame terrace B) esker C) outwash plain D) ground moraine Answer: C Diff: Topic: 6.4 Glacial Deposits Bloom's: Remembering 23) Which one of the following statements is true? A) Desert landscapes are monotonous, relatively flat areas covered to various depths with sand B) Deserts and dry lands are concentrated in areas of ascending air masses and relatively low atmospheric pressures C) Despite infrequent rainfalls, erosional and depositional features of running water are important in desert landscapes D) Rainshadow deserts occur where air masses descend after having risen to cross a mountain range Answer: C Diff: Topic: 6.9 Geological Processes in Arid Climates Bloom's: Understanding Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc 24) Desert pavement is the result of A) deflation B) abrasion by windblown sand C) erosion by running water D) intense chemical weathering Answer: A Diff: Topic: 6.11 Wind Erosion Bloom's: Understanding 25) The loess deposited in many parts of the Midwest A) was once glacial outwash deposits B) is in the form of transverse dunes C) is uniformly thick D) had its source in desert regions Answer: A Diff: Topic: 6.12 Wind Deposits Bloom's: Remembering 26) Desert and steppe lands cover about what percentage of Earth's land area? A) 10% B) 66% C) 30% D) 3% Answer: C Diff: Topic: 6.8 Deserts Bloom's: Remembering 27) What mature, desert landscape feature consists of coalesced alluvial fans? A) balda B) bajada C) bahia D) baja Answer: B Diff: Topic: 6.10 Basin and Range: The Evolution of a Mountainous Desert Landscape Bloom's: Remembering Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc 28) Inselbergs are A) insulated icebergs floating in a hot spring B) blowouts cut from bedrock in mountainous areas C) lithified rock formed by cementation of wind-deposited, dune sands D) bedrock hills in a highly eroded desert landscape Answer: D Diff: Topic: 6.10 Basin and Range: The Evolution of a Mountainous Desert Landscape Bloom's: Remembering Word Analysis Examine the words and/or phrases for each question below and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases Choose the option which does not fit the pattern 29) drumlin cirque Answer: cirque Diff: Topic: 6.4 Glacial Deposits Bloom's: Understanding esker moraine 30) horn arête lateral moraine Answer: drumlin Diff: Topic: 6.3 Glacial Erosion Bloom's: Understanding 31) calving zone of accumulation Answer: zone of accumulation Diff: Topic: 6.2 How Glaciers Move Bloom's: Understanding 32) drumlin kame Answer: drumlin Diff: Topic: 6.4 Glacial Deposits Bloom's: Understanding kettle 33) sand dune deflation Answer: sand dune Diff: Topic: 6.11 Wind Erosion Bloom's: Understanding drumlin melting zone of wastage esker blowout desert pavement Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc 34) arroyo wadi inselberg nullah Answer: inselberg Diff: Topic: 6.9 Geological Processes in Arid Climates Bloom's: Remembering 35) loess alluvial fan playa inselberg Answer: loess Diff: Topic: 6.10 Basin and Range: The Evolution of a Mountainous Desert Landscape Bloom's: Understanding 36) Crevasses are short, narrow cracks in the plastic flow zone of a glacier that alternately open and close as the ice flows along Answer: FALSE Diff: Topic: 6.2 How Glaciers Move Bloom's: Remembering 37) When a glacier is retreating, the upstream ice is still moving forward toward the downstream terminus of the glacier Answer: TRUE Diff: Topic: 6.2 How Glaciers Move Bloom's: Understanding 38) Till is an unsorted sediment deposited directly from the melting glacial ice; stream action is not involved Answer: TRUE Diff: Topic: 6.4 Glacial Deposits Bloom's: Remembering 39) Melting and calving are two forms of ablation Answer: TRUE Diff: Topic: 6.2 How Glaciers Move Bloom's: Understanding 40) Fiords are glacier-cut valleys that flooded as sea level rose in post-glacial times Answer: TRUE Diff: Topic: 6.3 Glacial Erosion Bloom's: Remembering Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc 41) A cirque represents an erosional feature formed in what was an important accumulation zone for snow and ice at the upstream head of a glacier Answer: TRUE Diff: Topic: 6.3 Glacial Erosion Bloom's: Remembering 42) The Pleistocene epoch is the only glacial period for which evidence exists Answer: FALSE Diff: Topic: 6.7 Causes of Glaciation Bloom's: Remembering 43) Arêtes, horns, and U-shaped valleys are erosional features carved from bedrock by glaciers Answer: TRUE Diff: Topic: 6.3 Glacial Erosion Bloom's: Remembering 44) Moraines are the only glacial deposits composed of till Answer: FALSE Diff: Topic: 6.4 Glacial Deposits Bloom's: Remembering 45) Fiords are found exclusively along the coast of Norway Answer: FALSE Diff: Topic: 6.3 Glacial Erosion Bloom's: Remembering 46) Eskers and kames are deposited by meltwater streams, and they are composed of stratified sand and gravel Answer: TRUE Diff: Topic: 6.4 Glacial Deposits Bloom's: Understanding 47) Running water is an important erosional agent in many arid lands despite infrequent rainfalls Answer: TRUE Diff: Topic: 6.9 Geological Processes in Arid Climates Bloom's: Understanding Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc 48) Arid and semiarid climates cover nearly one-third of Earth's land surface Answer: TRUE Diff: Topic: 6.8 Deserts Bloom's: Remembering 49) The Basin and Range region of the western United States is an excellent example of a mountainous desert landscape Answer: TRUE Diff: Topic: 6.10 Basin and Range: The Evolution of a Mountainous Desert Landscape Bloom's: Understanding 50) The Colorado River is an example of a large wash Answer: FALSE Diff: Topic: 6.9 Geological Processes in Arid Climates Bloom's: Understanding 51) Bajadas develop from coalescence of alluvial fans along fronts of mountain ranges in arid lands Answer: TRUE Diff: Topic: 6.10 Basin and Range: The Evolution of a Mountainous Desert Landscape Bloom's: Understanding 52) A playa is an intermittent lake on the floor of a desert valley Answer: TRUE Diff: Topic: 6.10 Basin and Range: The Evolution of a Mountainous Desert Landscape Bloom's: Understanding 53) Windblown loess, like sand, typically accumulates as mound-like dunes Answer: FALSE Diff: Topic: 6.12 Wind Deposits Bloom's: Understanding 54) Blowouts are broad, shallow depressions excavated by deflation Answer: TRUE Diff: Topic: 6.11 Wind Erosion Bloom's: Understanding 10 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc 55) The steeper, leeward slope of a sand dune is called the slip face Answer: TRUE Diff: Topic: 6.12 Wind Deposits Bloom's: Remembering 56) Loess consists mainly of silt-sized particles Answer: TRUE Diff: Topic: 6.12 Wind Deposits Bloom's: Understanding 57) Inselbergs and small, steep alluvial fans are characteristic of recently faulted basin and range terrain in dry lands Answer: FALSE Diff: Topic: 6.10 Basin and Range: The Evolution of a Mountainous Desert Landscape Bloom's: Understanding 58) The upper 50 meters or so of a glacier is known as the zone of Answer: fracture Diff: Topic: 6.2 How Glaciers Move Bloom's: Remembering 59) What term describes open fissures in the brittle surface ice of a glacier? Answer: crevasse Diff: Topic: 6.2 How Glaciers Move Bloom's: Remembering 60) Bowl-shaped depressions in bedrock at upstream ends of alpine glacial valleys are called Answer: cirque Diff: Topic: 6.3 Glacial Erosion Bloom's: Remembering 61) During the Pleistocene glacial epoch, pluvial lakes were common in valley regions of what part of the United States? Answer: Basin and Range Diff: Topic: 6.5 Other Effects of Ice Age Glaciers Bloom's: Understanding 11 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc 62) What is the name for the very large pluvial lake that once existed in northwestern Utah? Answer: Lake Bonneville Diff: Topic: Figure 6.22 Bloom's: Remembering 63) are smoothly tapered, elongated hills of till shaped by an overriding continental ice sheet Answer: Drumlins Diff: Topic: 6.4 Glacial Deposits Bloom's: Remembering 64) A(n) is a closed depression formed by melting of an ice block buried in a moraine or outwash plain Answer: kettle Diff: Topic: 6.3 Glacial Erosion Bloom's: Remembering 65) A(n) is a narrow, winding ridge composed of outwash deposited in a tunnel or channel cut into stagnant, glacial ice Answer: esker Diff: Topic: 6.4 Glacial Deposits Bloom's: Remembering 66) What term denotes a glacial valley that was partly flooded as sea level rose? Answer: fiord Diff: Topic: 6.3 Glacial Erosion Bloom's: Remembering 67) A(n) is an intermittent lake on the floor of a desert basin Answer: playa Diff: Topic: 6.10 Basin and Range: The Evolution of a Mountainous Desert Landscape Bloom's: Remembering 68) In dry lands, is the covering of coarse particles left on the surface after the finer particles are carried away by wind and running water Answer: desert pavement Diff: Topic: 6.11 Wind Erosion Bloom's: Remembering 12 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc 69) The leeward slope of a sand dune is also known as the Answer: slip face Diff: Topic: 6.12 Wind Deposits Bloom's: Remembering 70) Deposits of windblown silt are called Answer: loess Diff: Topic: 6.12 Wind Deposits Bloom's: Remembering 71) The low, bedrock ridges and peaks of a highly eroded, basin and range, desert landscape are called Answer: inselbergs Diff: Topic: 6.10 Basin and Range: The Evolution of a Mountainous Desert Landscape Bloom's: Remembering Critical Thinking and Discussion Use complete sentences, correct spelling, and the information presented in Chapter to answer the questions below 72) Glacial ice is very effective as an agent of erosion How would you identify glacial sediments from alluvial (stream) sediments? Also, could certain glacial sediments be mistaken for alluvium? Answer: Glacial sediments would be almost upside down relative to stream sediments In the case of an esker, a river is running through the glacier, depositing sediment As the glacier recedes, the sediment is set down on the landscape, making the size and sorting similar to a stream depositional environment, however, instead of being in a stream bed, it would be place on top of the land Diff: Topic: 6.10 Basin and Range: The Evolution of a Mountainous Desert Landscape Bloom's: Analyzing 73) Would most features of alpine glaciation be preserved in the geologic record? Why or why not? What about continental glaciation? Answer: Alpine glacation would not be preserved because weathering attacks the highest point on the landscape, therefore the tops of mountains are constantly eroded by myriad forces These forces would remove evidence of past alpine glaciations Continental glaciation would leave depositional features as the glaciers recede, therefore there would be evidence of this type of glaciation Diff: Topic: 6.3 Glacial Erosion and 6.4 Glacial Deposits Bloom's: Analyzing 13 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc 74) Wind is included along with gravity, water, and ice as an agent of erosion In many national parks and other areas of natural beauty, statements are often made that credit wind as having sculpted the landscape Briefly discuss the importance of wind as an agent of erosion and explain why such statements are probably geologically inaccurate Answer: Wind itself is not an agent of erosion, it is only when sand it borne on the wind that rocks are shaped by this sand, rather than the wind itself Diff: Topic: 6.9 Geological Processes in Arid Climates Bloom's: Analyzing 75) Label the zone of accumulation and the zone of wastage on the diagram below Answer: See Figure 6.7 in Chapter of Earth Science, 13e Diff: Topic: 6.2 How Glaciers Move Bloom's: Applying 14 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc 76) On the blanks provided below, fill in the name of the labeled features that formed as a product of alpine glaciation Answer: (a) hanging valley Diff: Topic: 6.3 Glacial Erosion Bloom's: Applying (b) arête (c) horn (d) tarn (e) paternoster lake 77) Label the alluvial fans and playa lakes on the diagram below Answer: See Figure 6.29 A in Chapter of Earth Science, 13e Diff: Topic: 6.9 Geological Processes in Arid Climates Bloom's: Applying 15 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc (f) cirques 78) Label the bajadas and playa on the diagram below Answer: See Figure 6.29 B in Chapter of Earth Science, 13e Diff: Topic: 6.10 Basin and Range: The Evolution of a Mountainous Desert Landscape Bloom's: Applying 16 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc ... accumulation and the zone of wastage on the diagram below Answer: See Figure 6.7 in Chapter of Earth Science, 13e Diff: Topic: 6.2 How Glaciers Move Bloom's: Applying 14 Copyright © 2012 Pearson... the alluvial fans and playa lakes on the diagram below Answer: See Figure 6.29 A in Chapter of Earth Science, 13e Diff: Topic: 6.9 Geological Processes in Arid Climates Bloom's: Applying 15 Copyright... 78) Label the bajadas and playa on the diagram below Answer: See Figure 6.29 B in Chapter of Earth Science, 13e Diff: Topic: 6.10 Basin and Range: The Evolution of a Mountainous Desert Landscape