Test bank earth science 12e ch9

Earth Science, 13e (Tarbuck) Chapter Volcanoes and Other Igneous Activity 1) In 1980, was the first Cascade Range volcano to erupt since Mt Lassen in 1915-16 A) Mt Rainier B) Mt Shasta C) Kilauea D) Mt St Helens Answer: D Diff: Topic: 9.1 Mt St Helens Versus Kilauea Bloom's: Remembering 2) Which type of basaltic lava flow has a fairly smooth, unfragmented, ropy surface? A) aa B) pegmatitic C) pahoehoe D) scoria Answer: C Diff: Topic: 9.3 Materials Extruded During an Eruption Bloom's: Remembering 3) is a major dissolved volatile constituent in both magmas and volcanic gases A) Water B) Carbon monoxide C) Hydrogen chloride D) Methane Answer: A Diff: Topic: 9.2 The Nature of Volcanic Eruptions Bloom's: Remembering 4) Volcanic bombs originate A) as laser-guided, granite blocks launched from a supersonic jet B) as blocks of volcanic rock ejected from an erupting volcanic crater C) as erupted magma blobs that partly congeal before falling to the ground D) as ash particles that join together in the eruptive plume and fall as cobble-sized objects Answer: C Diff: Topic: 9.3 Materials Extruded During an Eruption Bloom's: Remembering Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc 5) magma is the most abundant type erupted on Earth A) Basaltic B) Granitic C) Andesitic D) Pegmatitic Answer: A Diff: Topic: 9.3 Materials Extruded During an Eruption Bloom's: Remembering 6) The ocean basin is rimmed by the most subduction zones A) Atlantic B) Indian C) Pacific D) Arctic Answer: C Diff: Topic: 9.4 Volcanic Structures and Eruptive Styles Bloom's: Remembering 7) Which of the following factors help determine whether a volcanic eruption will be violent or relatively quiescent? A) amount of dissolved gas in the magma B) temperature of the magma C) composition of the magma D) all of these Answer: D Diff: Topic: 9.2 The Nature of Volcanic Eruptions Bloom's: Remembering 8) Cinder cones A) have very steep slopes B) are usually less than 300 meters (1000 feet) high C) consist largely of pyroclastics D) all of these Answer: D Diff: Topic: 9.4 Volcanic Structures and Eruptive Styles Bloom's: Remembering Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc 9) The Columbia Plateau in the northwestern United States is an excellent example of A) silica-rich lava flows B) pyroclastic flow deposits C) flood basalts D) an eroded shield volcano Answer: C Diff: Topic: 9.6 Other Volcanic Landforms Bloom's: Applying 10) Kilauea is an example of a A) shield volcano B) cinder cone C) lava dome D) volcanic neck Answer: A Diff: Topic: 9.4 Volcanic Structures and Eruptive Styles Bloom's: Applying 11) are usually the most abundant gases emitted during basaltic volcanism A) Chlorine and sodium B) Neon and ammonia C) Oxygen and nitrogen D) Water and carbon dioxide Answer: D Diff: Topic: 9.3 Materials Extruded During an Eruption Bloom's: Remembering 12) Paricutin is an example of a A) shield volcano B) cinder cone C) lava dome D) composite volcano Answer: B Diff: Topic: 9.4 Volcanic Structures and Eruptive Styles Bloom's: Remembering Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc 13) Mount Pelée on Martinique is an example of a A) shield volcano B) cinder cone C) lava dome D) composite volcano Answer: D Diff: Topic: 9.5 Living in the Shadow of a Composite Cone Bloom's: Remembering Give the term that best answers each phrase shield volcanoes composite/stratovolcanoes cinder cones 14) massive, gently sloping volcanoes built of successive, basaltic lava flows Answer: shield volcanoes Diff: Topic: 9.4 Volcanic Structures and Eruptive Styles Bloom's: Analyzing 15) large, fairly steep-sided cones composed of lavas and pyroclastic layers Answer: composite/stratovolcanoes Diff: Topic: 9.4 Volcanic Structures and Eruptive Styles Bloom's: Analyzing 16) small basaltic cones built during one short, eruptive episode Answer: cinder cones Diff: Topic: 9.4 Volcanic Structures and Eruptive Styles Bloom's: Analyzing 17) the volcanoes of southwestern Alaska and the Aleutian Islands Answer: composite/stratovolcanoes Diff: Topic: 9.4 Volcanic Structures and Eruptive Styles Bloom's: Analyzing 18) the big volcanoes of Hawaii Answer: shield volcanoes Diff: Topic: 9.4 Volcanic Structures and Eruptive Styles Bloom's: Analyzing Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc 19) Which statement about the May, 1980, eruption of Mount St Helens is false? A) During the eruptive period, the mountain peak was substantially built up by new lava flows and pyroclastic debris B) Plumes of ash rose high into the atmosphere during the major eruptive events C) Mudflows accompanied the major eruptive events D) The most powerful explosive event was preceded by a massive landslide Answer: A Diff: Topic: 9.1 Mt St Helens Versus Kilauea Bloom's: Applying 20) tend to increase the explosive potential of a magma body beneath a volcano A) High viscosity and dissolved gas B) High viscosity, low dissolved gas content C) Low silica content, low viscosity D) Low viscosity, low dissolved gas content Answer: A Diff: Topic: 9.2 The Nature of Volcanic Eruptions Bloom's: Analyzing 21) Which type of basaltic lava flow has its surface covered with sharp-edged, angular blocks and rubble? A) scoria B) pahoehoe C) pillow lava D) aa Answer: D Diff: Topic: 9.3 Materials Extruded During an Eruption Bloom's: Remembering 22) Which one of the following statements concerning volcanic blocks and bombs is true? A) Blocks are broken fragments of solid rocks; bombs have smaller sizes than lapilli B) Bombs are guided to Earth by laser beams; blocks fall anywhere C) Bombs are ejected as magma lumps; blocks are ejected as solid fragments D) Bombs and blocks are both smaller than lapilli and cinders Answer: C Diff: Topic: 9.3 Materials Extruded During an Eruption Bloom's: Remembering Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc 23) destroyed the city of St Pierre, Martinique, in 1902 A) Mudflows B) Basaltic lava flows C) Heavy ashfall D) A nueé ardente Answer: D Diff: Topic: 9.5 Living in the Shadow of a Composite Cone Bloom's: Remembering 24) Which one of the following statements concerning cinder cones is false? A) They are small volcanoes with fairly steep sides B) They are built mostly or entirely during one eruptive cycle C) The cinders and other pyroclastic particles are consolidated into welded tuff D) The cinders most commonly are basaltic Answer: C Diff: Topic: 9.4 Volcanic Structures and Eruptive Styles Bloom's: Analyzing 25) Spreading center volcanism most generally produces rocks that are A) granitic in composition B) basaltic in composition C) rhyolitic in composition D) ultramafic in composition Answer: B Diff: Topic: 9.9 Plate Tectonics and Volcanic Activity Bloom's: Remembering 26) Which kind of eruptive activity is most likely to be highly explosive? A) lava flows from a large shield volcano on an oceanic island B) fissure eruptions feeding lava to flood basalt accumulations C) eruptions of big, continental margin, composite cones or stratovolcanoes D) lava flows from a large cinder cone complex Answer: C Diff: Topic: 9.4 Volcanic Structures and Eruptive Styles Bloom's: Remembering Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc 27) Magma tends to rise toward Earth's surface principally because A) water is an abundant constituent of magma B) silica is abundant in magma C) magma is a fluid D) rocks become less dense when they melt Answer: D Diff: Topic: 9.9 Plate Tectonics and Volcanic Activity and 9.8: The Origin of Magma Bloom's: Analyzing 28) Kilauea and Mauna Loa are A) explosive, rhyolitic volcanoes B) andesitic stratovolcanoes C) basaltic shield volcanoes D) small, basaltic cinder cones Answer: C Diff: Topic: 9.4 Volcanic Structures and Eruptive Styles Bloom's: Applying 29) Mount St Helens is A) a basaltic cinder cone B) an explosive stratovolcano C) a basaltic shield volcano D) a small, welded tuff cone Answer: B Diff: Topic: 9.4 Volcanic Structures and Eruptive Styles Bloom's: Applying 30) The 1943 eruption of Paricutin in Mexico was characterized by A) mudflows and explosive ash eruptions B) welded-tuff deposition and caldera formation C) cinder cone building and basaltic lava D) pyroclastic eruptions and nueé ardente flows Answer: C Diff: Topic: 9.4 Volcanic Structures and Eruptive Styles Bloom's: Applying Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc 31) The average composition of rocks comprising a large composite cone or stratovolcano is similar to a(n) magma A) basaltic B) ultramafic C) andesitic D) rhyolitic Answer: C Diff: Topic: 9.4 Volcanic Structures and Eruptive Styles Bloom's: Remembering 32) A volcano is a very large, gently sloping mound composed mainly of basaltic lava flows A) composite B) stratospheric C) cinder cone D) shield Answer: D Diff: Topic: 9.4 Volcanic Structures and Eruptive Styles Bloom's: Remembering 33) Which of the following best describes Shiprock, a famous volcanic feature in New Mexico? A) a very recently active, basaltic cinder cone B) an extinct, highly symmetrical, composite volcanic cone C) the eroded remains of a volcanic pipe and radiating dikes D) an extinct, massive, rhyolitic shield volcano Answer: C Diff: Topic: 9.6 Other Volcanic Landforms Bloom's: Applying 34) Which region has the greatest concentration of currently active volcanoes? A) the coastal plain of western Africa B) European Russia and Siberia C) the area surrounding the Red Sea D) the circum-Pacific area Answer: D Diff: Topic: 9.9 Plate Tectonics and Volcanic Activity Bloom's: Remembering Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc 35) The recent (geologically) volcanic activity in Yellowstone National Park is A) related to plate subduction B) related to a divergent plate boundary C) related to a transform plate boundary D) related to intraplate, hot spot volcanism Answer: D Diff: Topic: 9.9 Plate Tectonics and Volcanic Activity Bloom's: Remembering 36) Which one of the following best describes volcanism in the Cascade Range, northwestern United States? A) related to a mantle hot spot B) related to plate subduction C) related to a mid-oceanic ridge system D) related to deep, transform faults Answer: B Diff: Topic: 9.9 Plate Tectonics and Volcanic Activity Bloom's: Applying 37) Which of the following statements best describes the big Hawaiian volcanoes? A) lie directly above a transform plate boundary that cuts deeply into the mantle B) lie directly above an active subduction zone where the Pacific plate is sinking into the mantle C) lie along the crest of the East Pacific Rise, a mid-ocean ridge or spreading center D) are situated in the interior of a large, Pacific plate above a hot spot deep in the mantle Answer: D Diff: Topic: 9.9 Plate Tectonics and Volcanic Activity Bloom's: Applying 38) Which of the following is NOT considered pyroclastic debris? A) ash B) cinders C) bombs D) pahoehoe Answer: D Diff: Topic: 9.3 Materials Extruded During an Eruption Bloom's: Applying Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc 39) What volcanic events formed Crater Lake, Oregon? When did they take place? A) A powerful explosion blew away the top of a stratovolcano 10 million years ago B) The crater of a large, extinct cinder cone filled with water million years ago C) Landslides and volcanic mudflows dammed the Mazama River 500 years ago D) Caldera collapse followed major ash and pyroclastic-flow eruptions 6000 years ago Answer: D Diff: Topic: 9.4 Volcanic Structures and Eruptive Styles Bloom's: Applying 40) Which one of the following shows the correct order (left to right) of decreasing magma viscosity? A) rhyolite, andesite, basalt B) andesite, rhyolite, basalt C) basalt, rhyolite, andesite D) basalt, andesite, rhyolite Answer: A Diff: Topic: 9.3 Materials Extruded During an Eruption Bloom's: Applying 41) The largest igneous intrusive body is called a A) batholith B) laccolith C) stock D) dike Answer: A Diff: Topic: 9.7 Intrusive Igneous Activity Bloom's: Remembering 42) A is the largest discordant body of intrusive, igneous rock A) lopolith B) laccolith C) pluton D) batholith Answer: D Diff: Topic: 9.7 Intrusive Igneous Activity Bloom's: Remembering 10 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc 43) A is an intrusive, igneous rock body that is tabular and concordant A) laccolith B) dike C) pluton D) sill Answer: D Diff: Topic: 9.7 Intrusive Igneous Activity Bloom's: Remembering 44) A is a near surface, intrusive igneous rock body that results from local inflation of a horizontal sill A) batholith B) dike C) laccolith D) volcanic neck Answer: C Diff: Topic: 9.7 Intrusive Igneous Activity Bloom's: Remembering 45) Which of the following best describes the bedrock in the Sierra Nevada Mountains in California? A) basalt; dikes B) gabbro; plutoliths C) andesite; laccoliths D) granite; batholiths Answer: D Diff: Topic: 9.7 Intrusive Igneous Activity Bloom's: Applying 46) Most of the active volcanoes on Earth are located in a belt known as the A) Ring of Fire B) Gulf Coast Zone C) Mid-Pacific Ridge D) Red Sea rift Answer: A Diff: Topic: 9.9 Plate Tectonics and Volcanic Activity Bloom's: Remembering 11 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc Word Analysis Examine the words and/or phrases for each question below and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases Choose the option which does not fit the pattern 47) pahoehoe aa volcanic bomb pillow lava Answer: volcanic bomb Diff: Topic: 9.3 Materials Extruded During an Eruption Bloom's: Analyzing 48) Mt Vesuvius Mt Mazama Mount Pelée Answer: Kilauea Diff: Topic: 9.4 Volcanic Structures and Eruptive Styles Bloom's: Analyzing 49) sill batholith dike Answer: batholith Diff: Topic: 9.7 Intrusive Igneous Activity Bloom's: Analyzing Kilauea laccolith 50) Dissolved gases may comprise up to a few percent by weight of a magma Answer: TRUE Diff: Topic: 9.2 The Nature of Volcanic Eruptions Bloom's: Analyzing 51) Ash and lapilli are different sized pyroclastic particles Answer: TRUE Diff: Topic: 9.3 Materials Extruded During an Eruption Bloom's: Analyzing 52) The viscosities of magmas increase with increasing percentages of silica Answer: TRUE Diff: Topic: 9.2 The Nature of Volcanic Eruptions Bloom's: Analyzing 53) The eruptions of the Hawaiian volcanoes may be described as explosive in comparison to the 1980 Mount St Helens eruption Answer: FALSE Diff: Topic: 9.2 The Nature of Volcanic Eruptions Bloom's: Analyzing 12 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc 54) Powerful, explosive, volcanic eruptions can result in climatic cooling for millions of years following the eruption Answer: FALSE Diff: Topic: 9.2 The Nature of Volcanic Eruptions Bloom's: Analyzing 55) What is the name of the chain of volcanoes below that forms at an oceanic to oceanic plate boundary? Answer: volcanic island arc Diff: Topic: 9.9 Plate Tectonics and Volcanic Activity Bloom's: Remembering Critical Thinking and Discussion Use complete sentences, correct spelling, and the information presented in Chapter to answer the questions below 56) Volcanoes are generally not preserved in the geologic rock record as they are eroded away However, the various materials erupted from volcanoes are often found preserved in the rock record How could you infer what type of volcano erupted in a given area based on the type of volcanic deposits now found as layers of rock? Give specific examples and briefly discuss if some materials may be linked to different types of volcanoes Diff: Topic: 9.2 The Nature of Volcanic Eruptions and 9.3 Materials Extruded During an Eruption Bloom's: Applying 57) Briefly discuss volcanic hazards Although commonly thought to be associated with most volcanic eruptions (by the general public), lava is rarely responsible for the loss of life Which hazards would tend to be more deadly? Finally, indicate those hazards that are a direct result of volcanic activity as well as those hazards that are indirectly linked Diff: Topic: 9.10 Living with Volcanoes Bloom's: Applying 13 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc  ...5) magma is the most abundant type erupted on Earth A) Basaltic B) Granitic C) Andesitic D) Pegmatitic Answer: A Diff: Topic: 9.3 Materials Extruded... are broken fragments of solid rocks; bombs have smaller sizes than lapilli B) Bombs are guided to Earth by laser beams; blocks fall anywhere C) Bombs are ejected as magma lumps; blocks are ejected... Styles Bloom's: Remembering Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc 27) Magma tends to rise toward Earth' s surface principally because A) water is an abundant constituent of magma B) silica