Earth Science, 13e (Tarbuck) Chapter 17 Moisture, Clouds, and Precipitation 1) The cloud form that is best described as sheets or layers that cover much or all of the sky is termed A) cumulus B) stratus C) cirrus D) alto Answer: B Diff: Topic: 17.6 Condensation and Cloud Formation Bloom's: Remembering 2) The cloud form that consists of globular cloud masses that take on a billowy or "cauliflowerlike" structure is called A) cumulus B) stratus C) cirrus D) alto Answer: A Diff: Topic: 17.6 Condensation and Cloud Formation Bloom's: Remembering 3) This term is used to describe clouds found in the middle height range A) cumulus B) stratus C) cirrus D) alto Answer: D Diff: Topic: 17.6 Condensation and Cloud Formation Bloom's: Remembering 4) High clouds that form delicate veil-like patches or extended wispy fibers are termed A) cumulus B) stratus C) cirrus D) alto Answer: C Diff: Topic: 17.6 Condensation and Cloud Formation Bloom's: Remembering Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc 5) This term is used to describe clouds that produce precipitation A) cumulus B) stratus C) cirrus D) nimbo Answer: D Diff: Topic: 17.6 Condensation and Cloud Formation Bloom's: Remembering 6) These clouds are often called "fair weather" clouds A) cumulus B) stratus C) cirrus D) nimbo Answer: A Diff: Topic: 17.6 Condensation and Cloud Formation Bloom's: Remembering 7) This cloud sometimes produces "mare's tails." A) cirrostratus B) cumulonimbus C) altostratus D) cirrus Answer: D Diff: Topic: 17.6 Condensation and Cloud Formation Bloom's: Remembering 8) Thunder and lightning are associated with these clouds A) cirrostratus B) cumulonimbus C) altostratus D) cirrus Answer: B Diff: Topic: 17.6 Condensation and Cloud Formation Bloom's: Remembering Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc 9) This cloud type is confined to the middle height range A) cirrostratus B) cumulonimbus C) altostratus D) cirrus Answer: C Diff: Topic: 17.6 Condensation and Cloud Formation Bloom's: Remembering 10) A halo around the Sun or Moon indicates that this cloud type is present A) cirrostratus B) cumulonimbus C) altostratus D) cirrus Answer: A Diff: Topic: 17.6 Condensation and Cloud Formation Bloom's: Remembering 11) A dark gray cloud that blankets the sky and often generates precipitation is called A) cirrostratus B) nimbostratus C) altostratus D) cirrus Answer: B Diff: Topic: 17.6 Condensation and Cloud Formation Bloom's: Remembering 12) This cloud may develop an "anvil head." A) cirrostratus B) cumulonimbus C) altostratus D) cirrus Answer: B Diff: Topic: 17.6 Condensation and Cloud Formation Bloom's: Remembering Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc 13) Tornadoes can be associated with this cloud type A) cirrostratus B) cumulonimbus C) altostratus D) cirrus Answer: B Diff: Topic: 17.6 Condensation and Cloud Formation Bloom's: Remembering 14) Hail is most commonly associated with A) cirrostratus B) cumulonimbus C) altostratus D) cirrus Answer: B Diff: Topic: 17.6 Condensation and Cloud Formation Bloom's: Remembering 15) A wintertime form of precipitation that consists of small ice particles is called A) rime B) glaze C) hail D) sleet Answer: D Diff: Topic: 17.9 Forms of Precipitation Bloom's: Remembering 16) This fog forms in valleys at night A) advection fog B) radiation fog C) steam fog D) precipitation fog Answer: B Diff: Topic: 17.7 Fog Bloom's: Remembering Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc 17) When warm moist air moves over a cold surface, fog may result A) advection B) radiation C) steam D) upslope Answer: A Diff: Topic: 17.7 Fog Bloom's: Remembering 18) This fog results from adiabatic cooling A) advection B) radiation C) steam D) upslope Answer: D Diff: Topic: 17.7 Fog Bloom's: Remembering 19) Which one of the fogs listed below may be categorized as an evaporation fog? A) advection B) radiation C) steam D) upslope Answer: C Diff: Topic: 17.7 Fog Bloom's: Remembering 20) When supercooled raindrops freeze on contact with solid objects, forms A) rime B) glaze C) hail D) sleet Answer: B Diff: Topic: 17.9 Forms of Precipitation Bloom's: Remembering Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc 21) The amount of water vapor in the air (by volume) usually does not exceed A) 50% B) 28% C) 14% D) 4% Answer: D Diff: Topic: 17.8 How Precipitation Forms Bloom's: Remembering 22) We are likely to have our highest relative humidity A) during midafternoon B) around midnight C) about sunrise D) at noon Answer: C Diff: Topic: 17.8 How Precipitation Forms Bloom's: Remembering 23) When using a psychrometer and the two temperatures read nearly the same, you can conclude that A) your instrument reading is accurate B) a change in temperature is likely C) the dew point temperature is very low D) the air has a high relative humidity Answer: D Diff: Topic: 17.8 How Precipitation Forms Bloom's: Remembering 24) Under what circumstances could the relative humidity exceed 100% without producing condensation in the air? A) when the dew point is higher than the air temperature B) when the air is perfectly dry C) when the water vapor is composed of "heavy" water D) when there are no condensation nuclei Answer: D Diff: Topic: 17.8 How Precipitation Forms Bloom's: Remembering Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc 25) The dew point is the temperature at which A) water in the liquid state changes to vapor B) hailstones are formed C) water vapor condenses to a liquid D) cumulus clouds change to cumulonimbus clouds Answer: C Diff: Topic: 17.2 Humidity: Water Vapor in the Atmosphere Bloom's: Remembering 26) The most important process of cloud formation in the atmosphere is A) cooling by compression of air B) cooling by release of latent heat of vaporization C) cooling by expansion of air D) radiation cooling Answer: C Diff: Topic: 17.6 Condensation and Cloud Formation Bloom's: Remembering 27) If air at sea level with a temperature of 27°C is forced up a mountain slope and the air's dew point at the condensation level is 14°C, at what elevation will condensation begin? A) 2600 meters B) 1400 meters C) 2700 meters D) 1300 meters Answer: D Diff: Topic: 17.3 The Basis of Cloud Formation: Adiabatic Cooling Bloom's: Remembering 28) Stability prevails when the environmental lapse rate is A) less than the wet adiabatic rate B) greater than the wet adiabatic rate and less than the dry adiabatic rate C) greater than the dry adiabatic rate D) greater than both the wet and dry adiabatic rates Answer: A Diff: Topic: 17.5 The Weathermaker: Atmospheric Stability Bloom's: Remembering Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc 29) When air is unstable, the environmental lapse rate is A) less than the wet adiabatic rate B) zero C) greater than the dry adiabatic rate D) greater than both the wet and dry adiabatic rates Answer: C Diff: Topic: 17.5 The Weathermaker: Atmospheric Stability Bloom's: Remembering 30) Which of the following will NOT cause air to become unstable? A) intense solar heating which warms the air from below B) forceful lifting of air C) subsidence of an air column D) upward movement caused by general convergence Answer: C Diff: Topic: 17.5 The Weathermaker: Atmospheric Stability Bloom's: Remembering 31) Which of the following would NOT be associated with stable atmospheric conditions? A) widespread fog B) temperature inversion C) dreary overcast with light drizzle D) afternoon thunder showers Answer: D Diff: Topic: 17.5 The Weathermaker: Atmospheric Stability Bloom's: Remembering 32) A parcel of air has a temperature of 0°C as it crosses a mountain range at 3000 meters If it descends, what will its temperature be when it reaches sea level? A) 15°C B) 30°C C) 0°C D) 40°C Answer: B Diff: Topic: 17.5 The Weathermaker: Atmospheric Stability Bloom's: Remembering Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc 33) Deserts such as the Great Basin, Gobi, and Takla Makan are examples of A) chinook deserts B) subtropical deserts C) rainshadow deserts D) monsoon deserts Answer: C Diff: Topic: 17.4 Processes that Lift Air Bloom's: Remembering 34) The change of state from a gas to a liquid is called A) evaporation B) sublimation C) condensation D) melting Answer: C Diff: Topic: 17.6 Condensation and Cloud Formation Bloom's: Remembering 35) The term is used to describe the conversion of a solid directly to a gas, without passing through the liquid state A) evaporation B) sublimation C) condensation D) melting Answer: B Diff: Topic: 17.1 Water's Changes of State Bloom's: Remembering 36) The process by which water vapor changes directly to a solid is called A) evaporation B) deposition C) condensation D) melting Answer: B Diff: Topic: 17.1 Water's Changes of State Bloom's: Remembering Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc 37) This process results in the release of about 600 calories of latent heat per gram of water A) evaporation B) deposition C) condensation D) melting Answer: C Diff: Topic: 17.1 Water's Changes of State Bloom's: Remembering 38) The process of converting a liquid to vapor is termed A) evaporation B) sublimation C) condensation D) melting Answer: A Diff: Topic: 17.1 Water's Changes of State Bloom's: Remembering Please answer the following questions using the data below: H2O vapor content: 14 grams H2O vapor capacity: 20 grams at 25 degrees Celsius 14 grams at 20°C 10 grams at 15°C 39) What is the relative humidity for the above conditions at 25°C? A) 30% B) 100% C) 15% D) 70% Answer: D Diff: Topic: 17.2 Humidity: Water Vapor in the Atmosphere Bloom's: Applying 40) For the given conditions, what would happen to the relative humidity value if the temperature increased from 25°C? A) It would increase B) It would decrease C) It would remain the same D) It depends on the dew point temperature Answer: B Diff: Topic: 17.2 Humidity: Water Vapor in the Atmosphere Bloom's: Applying 10 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc 41) What is the dew point for the conditions listed above? A) 25°C B) 20°C C) 15°C D) colder than 15°C Answer: B Diff: Topic: 17.2 Humidity: Water Vapor in the Atmosphere Bloom's: Applying 42) What would happen if the temperature were cooled to 15°C? A) decrease in relative humidity and evaporation of grams of water B) increase in relative humidity and evaporation of grams of water C) decrease in relative humidity and condensation of grams of water D) increase in relative humidity and condensation of grams of water Answer: D Diff: Topic: 17.2 Humidity: Water Vapor in the Atmosphere Bloom's: Applying Word Analysis Examine the words and/or phrases for each question below and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases Choose the option which does not fit the pattern 43) melting condensation Answer: condensation Diff: Topic: 17.1 Water's Changes of State Bloom's: Applying sublimation evaporation 44) adiabatic cooling orographic lifting Answer: adiabatic cooling Diff: Topic: 17.4 Processes that Lift Air Bloom's: Applying frontal wedging 45) cirrus cumulus nimbostratus Answer: nimbostratus Diff: Topic: 17.6 Condensation and Cloud Formation Bloom's: Applying altocumulus 46) advection fog Answer: steam fog Diff: Topic: 17.7 Fog Bloom's: Applying steam fog radiation fog 11 upslope fog Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc convergence 47) sleet snow hail freezing rain Answer: hail Diff: Topic: 17.8 How Precipitation Forms Bloom's: Applying 48) The highest relative humidity on a particular day usually occurs in the midafternoon Answer: FALSE Diff: Topic: 17.8 How Precipitation Forms Bloom's: Understanding 49) The highest relative humidity during a particular day usually occurs just before sunrise Answer: TRUE Diff: Topic: 17.8 How Precipitation Forms Bloom's: Understanding 50) Because the mixing ratio is expressed in units of mass, it is affected by changes in pressure or temperature Answer: FALSE Diff: Topic: 17.2 Humidity: Water Vapor in the Atmosphere Bloom's: Understanding 51) If the temperature rises and the amount of moisture in the air remains unchanged, the relative humidity will increase Answer: FALSE Diff: Topic: 17.2 Humidity: Water Vapor in the Atmosphere Bloom's: Understanding 52) If the temperature drops and the amount of moisture in the air remains unchanged, the relative humidity will increase Answer: TRUE Diff: Topic: 17.2 Humidity: Water Vapor in the Atmosphere Bloom's: Understanding 53) Generally the water vapor content of the air over a tropical desert exceeds that of the air over the polar ice caps Answer: TRUE Diff: Topic: 17.2 Humidity: Water Vapor in the Atmosphere Bloom's: Understanding 12 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc 54) Relative humidity is usually expressed as a percent Answer: TRUE Diff: Topic: 17.2 Humidity: Water Vapor in the Atmosphere Bloom's: Understanding 55) The capacity of air to "hold" water vapor is temperature dependent Answer: TRUE Diff: Topic: 17.2 Humidity: Water Vapor in the Atmosphere Bloom's: Understanding 56) When air sinks, it compresses and warms Answer: TRUE Diff: Topic: 17.6 Condensation and Cloud Formation Bloom's: Understanding 57) When air rises, it expands and cools adiabatically Answer: TRUE Diff: Topic: 17.6 Condensation and Cloud Formation Bloom's: Understanding 58) Clouds form because rising air cools as it comes in contact with colder air aloft Answer: FALSE Diff: Topic: 17.6 Condensation and Cloud Formation Bloom's: Understanding 59) When air is cooled to its dew point, the relative humidity is 100% Answer: TRUE Diff: Topic: 17.2 Humidity: Water Vapor in the Atmosphere Bloom's: Understanding 60) Dew point is the temperature at which the air is saturated Answer: TRUE Diff: Topic: 17.2 Humidity: Water Vapor in the Atmosphere Bloom's: Understanding 61) Air that resists vertical motion is described as being stable Answer: TRUE Diff: Topic: 17.5 The Weathermaker: Atmospheric Stability Bloom's: Understanding 13 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc 62) When stable air is forced to rise, any clouds that are produced are generally thin and flat lying Answer: TRUE Diff: Topic: 17.5 The Weathermaker: Atmospheric Stability Bloom's: Understanding 63) When unstable air is forced to rise, towering clouds and stormy conditions are expected Answer: TRUE Diff: Topic: 17.5 The Weathermaker: Atmospheric Stability Bloom's: Understanding 64) Orographic lifting occurs where sloping terrains, such as mountains, act as barriers to the flow of air Answer: TRUE Diff: Topic: 17.4 Processes that Lift Air Bloom's: Understanding 65) Deserts, which are cut off from moisture by mountain ranges, are termed isolated deserts Answer: FALSE Diff: Topic: 17.4 Processes that Lift Air Bloom's: Understanding 66) clouds that form sheets or layers that cover much of the sky Answer: Stratus Diff: Topic: 17.6 Condensation and Cloud Formation Bloom's: Understanding 67) The term used to describe clouds that consist of globular masses that take on a billowy form is Answer: cumulus Diff: Topic: 17.6 Condensation and Cloud Formation Bloom's: Understanding 68) The term used to indicate a cloud found in the middle height range is Answer: alto Diff: Topic: 17.6 Condensation and Cloud Formation Bloom's: Understanding 14 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc 69) High clouds that form delicate veil-like patches or wispy fibers are called clouds Answer: cirrus Diff: Topic: 17.6 Condensation and Cloud Formation Bloom's: Understanding 70) The term is incorporated into the name of clouds that generate precipitation Answer: nimbo (nimbus) Diff: Topic: 17.6 Condensation and Cloud Formation Bloom's: Understanding 71) Thunder and lightning are normally associated with clouds Answer: cumulonimbus Diff: Topic: 17.6 Condensation and Cloud Formation Bloom's: Understanding 72) Small billowy clouds associated with fair weather are called clouds Answer: cumulus Diff: Topic: 17.6 Condensation and Cloud Formation Bloom's: Understanding 73) A dark gray cloud that blankets the sky and often generates precipitation is called Answer: nimbostratus Diff: Topic: 17.6 Condensation and Cloud Formation Bloom's: Understanding 74) A wintertime form of precipitation that consists of small ice particles is called Answer: sleet Diff: Topic: 17.8 How Precipitation Forms Bloom's: Understanding 75) What type of fog forms in valleys at night? Answer: radiation Diff: Topic: 17.7 Fog Bloom's: Understanding 76) When warm moist air moves over a cold surface, fog may result Answer: advection Diff: Topic: 17.7 Fog Bloom's: Understanding 15 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc 77) When supercooled raindrops freeze on contact with solid objects, forms Answer: glaze Diff: Topic: 17.9 Forms of Precipitation Bloom's: Understanding 78) The change of state from a gas to a liquid is called Answer: condensation Diff: Topic: 17.1 Water's Changes of State Bloom's: Understanding 79) The process by which water vapor changes directly to a solid is called Answer: deposition Diff: Topic: 17.1 Water's Changes of State Bloom's: Understanding 80) temperature changes are those that not involve the addition or subtraction of heat Answer: Adiabatic Diff: Topic: 17.3 The Basis of Cloud Formation: Adiabatic Cooling Bloom's: Understanding 81) is the mass of water vapor in a unit of air compared to the remaining mass of dry air Answer: Mixing ratio Diff: Topic: 17.2 Humidity: Water Vapor in the Atmosphere Bloom's: Understanding 82) wedging occurs when warm air is forced over cooler air Answer: Frontal Diff: Topic: 17.4 Processes that Lift Air Bloom's: Understanding 83) The is the temperature to which a parcel of air would need to be cooled in order to reach saturation Answer: dew point Diff: Topic: 17.6 Condensation and Cloud Formation Bloom's: Understanding 16 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc Critical Thinking and Discussion Use complete sentences, correct spelling, and the information presented in Chapter 17 to answer the questions below 84) Why is the vertical movement of air critical to the formation of clouds and precipitation? What role adiabatic temperature changes play in these processes? Answer: Air tends to resist vertical movement Therefore, air located near the surface tends to stay near the surface, and air aloft tends to remain aloft When you see clouds forming there is some mechanical phenomenon at work that forces the air to rise (at least initially) A drop in temperature occurs even though heat is neither added nor subtracted Such variations are known as adiabatic temperature changes and result when air is compressed or allowed to expand In summary, when air is allowed to expand, it cools, and when it is compressed, it warms Diff: Topic: 17.3 The Basis of Cloud Formation: Adiabatic Cooling Bloom's: Applying 85) Considering the factors involved in the formation of clouds, briefly discuss the relationship of climate and clouds Would you expect such things as cloud height and the types of clouds to vary from one region to another due to differing climates? Why or why not? Also, how would geography affect this process? Answer: Climate variations are known as adiabatic temperature changes and result when air is compressed or allowed to expand In summary, when air is allowed to expand, it cools, and when it is compressed, it warms affecting cloud formation Cloud hight and types would vary depending on geographic region or climate based on the temperature of the air and at what rate rising air was heated or compressed, etc For example, cirrus, cumulus and stratus clouds are compiled based on their height relative to the surface and size, factors that are influenced by geographic characteristics and temperature Diff: Topic: 17.6 Condensation and Cloud Formation Bloom's: Applying 86) On a given day in the winter in St Louis, Missouri, it began snowing in the morning, the snow changed to rain by noon, later in the afternoon sleet was falling which turned to snow, and by evening rain was freezing on bridges and roadways as glaze Briefly explain how such a sequence of precipitation might occur Answer: Because atmospheric conditions vary greatly from place to place as well as seasonally, several different forms of precipitation are possible As wind and temperature difference deviate throughout the day, weather patterns change accordingly Diff: Topic: 17.9 Forms of Precipitation Bloom's: Applying 17 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc 87) Fill in the missing terms on the diagram below Answer: See Figure 17.2 in Earth Science, 13e Diff: Topic: 17.1 Water's Changes of State Bloom's: Applying 18 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc 88) Label the various clouds on the diagram below Answer: See Figure 17.20 in Earth Science, 13e Diff: Topic: 17.6 Condensation and Cloud Formation Bloom's: Applying 19 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc ... Education, Inc 87) Fill in the missing terms on the diagram below Answer: See Figure 17.2 in Earth Science, 13e Diff: Topic: 17.1 Water's Changes of State Bloom's: Applying 18 Copyright © 2012... Education, Inc 88) Label the various clouds on the diagram below Answer: See Figure 17.20 in Earth Science, 13e Diff: Topic: 17.6 Condensation and Cloud Formation Bloom's: Applying 19 Copyright