Filmography of american history

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Filmography of American History This page intentionally left blank Filmography of American History Grant Tracey GREENWOOD PRESS Westport, Connecticut • London Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Tracey, Grant Annis George, 1960Filmography of American history / Grant Tracey p cm Includes bibliographical references and index ISBN 0-313-31300-8 (alk paper) Historical films—United States—History and criticism pictures Motion pictures and history I Title PN1995.9.H5T73 2002 791.43'658—dc21 2001033717 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data is available Copyright © 2002 by Grant Tracey All rights reserved No portion of this book may be reproduced, by any process or technique, without the express written consent of the publisher Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 2001033717 ISBN: 0-313-31300-8 First published in 2002 Greenwood Press, 88 Post Road West, Westport, CT 06881 An imprint of Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc www.greenwood.com Printed in the United States of America The paper used in this book complies with the Permanent Paper Standard issued by the National Information Standards Organization (Z39.48-1984) 10 2 United States—In motion Contents Acknowledgments vii Introduction ix Abbreviations xiii America Before the Civil War The Civil War, 1861-1865 The Way West and America's Two Solitudes, 1840-1900 19 The Country versus the City: The Agrarian and Industrial Conflict, 1870-1940 41 Immigration and the Challenge to Anglo-Conformity, 18851961 63 World War One and Goodbye to All That, 1916-1933 79 The Great Depression, Documentary Expression, and Representing the Previously Unrepresented, 1929-1967 91 World War Two and the Individual versus the Collective, 1933-1950s 123 Postwar Alienation and Despair, 1946-1962 143 Contents vi 10 Civil Rights and the Battle for the Inclusion into the American Dream, 1949-Present 175 11 The Atomic Bomb, Cold War Paranoia, and the Expanding National Security State, 1946-Present 201 12 Viet Nam and the Things We Carry, 1954-Present 13 The Counterculture Rebellion and the Quest for Authenticity, 1961-Present 241 257 14 Watergate, Political Cynicism, and Hope, 1972-Present 281 Appendix 1: Multicultural Films 307 Appendix 2: Woman-centered Films 309 General Index 311 Title Index 333 Acknowledgments On a personal note, I would like to thank all who have helped make this project happen: Robert Baird, a great friend from my Ph.D days at the University of Illinois, who recommended me to Greenwood; Gary Johnson, the outstanding and hard-working editor/creator of Images: The Journal of Film and Popular Culture (imagesjournal.com), who many years ago taught me to appreciate the American western and the films of John Wayne; Vince Gotera, University of Northern Iowa colleague and co-editor of the North American Review, who helped select the multicultural films included here and did more than his share of work on NAR so that I could be freed up to write; colleague Cheryl Roberts for suggesting films for the Viet Nam chapter, and then kindly reading it over and offering further wisdom; colleague, office neighbor, and mentor Rich Fehlman who weekly spent time delightfully listening to me ramble on about the films I was then currently engaged with; Department Head Jeffrey S Copeland who encouraged my efforts by sharing advice and protecting my work time; David Walker, Dean of the Graduate College, who offered financial support so that I could purchase films to research; graduate assistants Nader Anis, Floyd Bumpers, Jami Cope, Nate Jones, and Chenwei Zhao for digging up background articles from the library and the Internet; Debby Adams, Nicole Cournoyer, and the people at Greenwood who have been very supportive; all my students at UNI, who have turned me on to films that I hadn't initially considered, viu Acknowledgments including Arlington Road (1999), Fight Club (1999), Girl (1996), and The Thing (1982); and finally a very special thanks to my family—Caitiin, Elizabeth, and Devin, whose energy and love fills all of these pages, and to my wife, Karen, to whom this book is dedicated Introduction The Filmography of American History explores the relationship between American history and American film Its focus is on social history and how the nearly 210 films featured either retell the past from a perspective of distance (as in the case of The Patriot or Glory) or reinscribe the values of the day {Bonnie and Clyde, for example, says as much about a pair of 1930s bank robbers as it does about the women's rights movement in the 1960s and our growing disenchantment with authority) This book does not discuss biographical movies Those films are usually tedious, distorted, and extremely self-serving History isn't shaped by great men performing extraordinary or heinous acts, but instead it is shaped by the lives of ordinary men and women—hard working people—caught up in extraordinary circumstances (the story of the Joads in The Grapes of Wrath is much more compelling than the life and times of a famous general, glorified in MacArthur) History is a variety of intersections between social forces and everyday people Alongside this interest in people, Filmography of American History analyzes how popular films reflect ourselves and our fears at particular points of time Kiss Me Deadly (19'5 5) and Invasion of the Body Snatch ers (1956) speak directly to the anxieties of the atomic age and the fear of spreading communism They are products of their Cold War period Overall, the book is structured around landmark events: the Civil War (1861-1865), the Way West (1840-1900), immigration (1880-1915), World War One (1917-1918), the Great Depression (1929-1941), World .. .Filmography of American History This page intentionally left blank Filmography of American History Grant Tracey GREENWOOD PRESS Westport, Connecticut • London Library of Congress... fills all of these pages, and to my wife, Karen, to whom this book is dedicated Introduction The Filmography of American History explores the relationship between American history and American. .. "1863: The Universe of Battle," details the 12 Filmography of American History horrific three-day war at Gettysburg and Lee's hubris His feeling of invincibility resulted in the loss of 28,000 Southern