VERB TENSES PHẦN LÝ THUYẾT The simple present tense (Thì hiện tại đơn) Form ( Cấu trúc) Use (Cách dùng) Diễn tả một chân lý, một sự thật hiển nhiên. The sun rises in the East Diễn tả một thói quen, một hành động xảy ra thường xuyên ở hiện tại. Mary often goes to school by bicycle. Diễn tả một sự việc sẽ xảy ra theo thời gian biểu hoặc chương trình, kế hoạch đã định theo thời gian biểu. The train leaves at seven twentythree tomorrow morning. Lưu ý: Ta thêm es sau các động từ tận cùng là: o,s,x,xh,sh Time expressions ( Cụm từ thời gian) Always, usually, sometimes, often, normally, generally, occasionally, as a rule, never, rarely, seldom, … Every: everyday, every morning, every Saturday… Three times a week, twice a month, from time to time… The present continuous tense ( Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn) Form ( Cấu trúc) I Am Ving We, you, they Are He, she, it is Use (Cách dùng) Diễn tả một hành động hay một sự việc đang diển ra ngay lúc nói. The children are playing football now. Diền tả một hành động có tính tạm thời, diễn ra xung quanh thời điểm nói. I am quite busy these days. I am building a new house. Diển tả một kế hoạch, một dự định trong tương lai gần,một sự sắp xếp trước lúc nói. He is coming next week. Time expressions ( Cụm từ thời gian) Now, right now, at present, at the moment, still Today, this week, these days, this term, this year, this summer, nowadays… Look Be quite Don’t make noise Listen Watch out Keep silent... Lưu ý: Không dùng thì hiện tại tiếp diễn với các từ chỉ nhận thức, tri giác như: to be, see, hear, understand, know, like, want, glance, feel, think, smell, love, hate, realize, seem, remember, forget… I am tired now She wants to go for a walk at the moment. The past simple tense ( Thì quá khứ đơn) Form ( Cấu trúc) I, we, you, they, he, she, it Ved V2 Use (Cách dùng) Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra và chấm dứt trong quá khứ, thời gian được xác định rõ. Tom went to Paris last week. Diễàn tả một hành động diễn ra suốt một khoảng thời gian trong quá khứ, nhưng nay đã hoàn toàn chấm dứt. She worked as a secretary for five years and now she is a teacher. Time expressions ( Cụm từ thời gian) Yesterday, yesterday morning, in the past, in 1985, when I was young, when I was a child… Last: last night, last year, last month, last summer Ago: two days ago, three weeks ago, a month ago The past continuous tense ( Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn) Form ( Cấu trúc) We, you, they were Ving I, he, she, it was Use (Cách dùng) Hành động đã diễn ra và kéo dài một thời gian ở quá khứ. Yesterday, Mr. John was working in the laboratory all the afternoon. Hành động đang xảy ra vào một thời điểm trong quá khứ. I was doing my homework at 6:00 last Sunday. Hành động đang diễn ra trong quá khứ thì có một hành động khác xen vào (hành động nào kéo dài hơn ta dùng Past continuous, hành động ngắn hơn dùng Past simple) When I came yesterday, he was sleeping. Lưu ý: Không dùng các động từ chỉ nhận thức, tri giác. Thay vào đó ta dùng thì Past simple. I felt tired at that time. Time expressions ( Cụm từ thời gian) At 6:00 yesterday, at this time yesterday, at the time last week, at that time… The present perfect tense ( Thì hiện tại hoàn thành) Form ( Cấu trúc) I, we, you, they have V3 Ved He, she, it has (Thể phủ định S have has not PP; Thể nghi vấn HaveHas S PP?) Use (Cách dùng) Diễn tả một hành động, một sự việc vừa mới xảy ra. I have just seen my sister in the park. Diễn tả một hành động lập đi lập lại nhiều lần trong quá khứ mà không biết rỏ thời gian cụ thể trong
Trang 1VERB TENSES
A PHẦN LÝ THUYẾT
a The simple present tense (Thì hiện tại đơn)
Form ( Cấu trúc)
Use (Cách dùng)
Diễn tả một chân lý, một sự thật hiển nhiên
The sun rises in the East
Diễn tả một thói quen, một hành động xảy ra thường xuyên ở hiện tại
Mary often goes to school by bicycle.
Diễn tả một sự việc sẽ xảy ra theo thời gian biểu hoặc chương trình, kế hoạch đã định theo thời gian biểu
The train leaves at seven twenty-three tomorrow morning.
* Lưu ý: Ta thêm es sau các động từ tận cùng là: o,s,x,xh,sh
Time expressions ( Cụm từ thời gian)
Always, usually, sometimes, often, normally, generally, occasionally, as a rule, never, rarely, seldom, …
Every: everyday, every morning, every Saturday…
Three times a week, twice a month, from time to time…
b The present continuous tense ( Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn)
Form ( Cấu trúc)
A m
Vin g
We, you,
He, she, it is Use (Cách dùng)
Diễn tả một hành động hay một sự việc đang diển ra ngay lúc nói
The children are playing football now.
Diền tả một hành động có tính tạm thời, diễn ra xung quanh thời điểm nói
I am quite busy these days I am building a new house.
Diển tả một kế hoạch, một dự định trong tương lai gần,một sự sắp xếp trước lúc nói
He is coming next week.
Time expressions ( Cụm từ thời gian)
Now, right now, at present, at the moment, still
Today, this week, these days, this term, this year, this summer, nowadays…
Look! Be quite! Don’t make noise! Listen! Watch out! Keep silent
* Lưu ý: Không dùng thì hiện tại tiếp diễn với các từ chỉ nhận thức, tri giác như: to
be, see, hear, understand, know, like, want, glance, feel, think, smell, love, hate,
realize, seem, remember, forget…
I am tired now
She wants to go for a walk at the moment.
c The past simple tense ( Thì quá khứ đơn)
Form ( Cấu trúc)
I, we, you, they, he,
she, it
V e d
V 2 Use (Cách dùng)
Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra và chấm dứt trong quá khứ, thời gian được xác định rõ
Tom went to Paris last week.
Diễàn tả một hành động diễn ra suốt một khoảng thời gian trong quá khứ, nhưng nay đã hoàn toàn chấm dứt
She worked as a secretary for five years and now she is a teacher.
Time expressions ( Cụm từ thời gian)
Yesterday, yesterday morning, in the past, in 1985, when I was young, when I was a child…
Last: last night, last year, last month, last summer
Ago: two days ago, three weeks ago, a month ago
d The past continuous tense ( Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn)
Form ( Cấu trúc)
Use (Cách dùng)
Hành động đã diễn ra và kéo dài một thời gian ở quá khứ
Yesterday, Mr John was working in the laboratory all the afternoon.
I, we, you, they Vinf
He, she, it, Vs/es
Trang 2Hành động đang xảy ra vào một thời điểm trong quá khứ.
I was doing my homework at 6:00 last Sunday.
Hành động đang diễn ra trong quá khứ thì có một hành động khác xen vào (hành động nào kéo dài hơn ta dùng Past continuous, hành động ngắn hơn dùng Past simple)
When I came yesterday, he was sleeping.
Lưu ý: Không dùng các động từ chỉ nhận thức, tri giác Thay vào đó ta dùng thì
Past simple
I felt tired at that time.
Time expressions ( Cụm từ thời gian)
At 6:00 yesterday, at this time yesterday, at the time last week, at that time…
e The present perfect tense ( Thì hiện tại hoàn thành)
Form ( Cấu trúc)
Use (Cách dùng)
Diễn tả một hành động, một sự việc vừa mới xảy ra
I have just seen my sister in the park.
Diễn tả một hành động lập đi lập lại nhiều lần trong quá khứ mà không biết rỏ thời gian cụ thể trong quá khứ Hành động có thể tiếp tục xảy ra ở hiện tại và tương lai
I have seen that film several times.
Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ kéo dài đến hiện tại và có thể xảy ra trong tương lai
Mary has lived in this house for ten years.
Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ mà không rỏ thời gian
I have lost my keys.
Diển tả hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ mà kết quả vẫn còn ở hiện tại
He has had lunch (He is full now.)
Time expressions ( Cụm từ thời gian)
Just, recently, lately, already, never, ever, yet, so far, until now, up to now, for ages, for a long time, up to the present, how long,in the last few years…
Lưu ý: Các trạng từ trên chỉ được dùng kèm với thì hiện tạ hoàn thành trong các
câu đơn Nếu câu từ hai mệnh đềø trở lên thì ta phải dựa vào ngữ cảnh chứ không chỉ dựa vào các trạng từ đó.)
f The past perfect tense
Form ( Cấu trúc)
I we you they he
(Phủ định: had not = hadn’t; Nghi vấn: Had S PP?)
Use (Cách dùng)
Thì quá khứ hoàn thành dùng để diễõn tả một hành động xảy ra, hoàn thànhtrước một hành động, một thời điểm khác trong quá khứ
Time expressions ( Cụm từ thời gian)
By + (the past time): by 2003, by last year
By the time + clause: by the time we got there, by the time you went to bad…
Before, after, when, already
g The future simple tense (Thì tương lai đơn)
(Phủ định: will not = won’t; Nghi vấn Will S Vo?)
Use ( Cách dùng)
Diễn tả một hành động sẽ xảy ra ở tương lai
He will come back next week
Diễàn tẩ một lời hứa, một dự đoán, một ý kiến, một quyết định tức thời, một ngỏ ý
I will give you a phone to night.
Time expressions ( Cụm từ thời gian)
Next: next week, next month, next summer…
Someday, soon, in 2050, in two weeks, in three days, tomorrow…
I think, I am sure…
B PHẦN THỰC HÀNH
I, we, you, they, he,
Trang 3I The simple present tense
Exercise 1: Rewrite each sentence as a positive, negative , or question :
Example: He (visit) visits _his parents very often.
He doesn’t visit his parents very often
Does he visit his parents very often?
1 He (go) _to School everyday.
2 She (come) _ from Germany
3 Daisy usually (go) _ to work by car.
4 We (watch) TV every night.
5 He (walk) to work every day.
6 He (be) in Ca Mau
7 They (be) students
8 She (wash) _her clothes every Sunday.
9 She (study) _English every day.
10 He (want) _ to become a teacher
Exercise 2: Put the verb in the present simple tense:
1 She usually (walk) _ to school
2 What time Mary usually (get) up every morning?
3 She (not wash) her clothes every weekend
4 _they (be) teachers?
5 It (not be) often cold in summer
6 Tom usually (walk) _ to school
7 He (be) _ a student
8 I (be) _ sixteen years old
9 They (be) very friendly
10 He often (wash) the car at weekends
11 What time you often (get) up every morning?
12 she (like) English?
13 Every week she (go) to visit her parents
14 What time your father usually (get) _ up?
15 We (not go) to school on Sundays
16 We (not be) _very lazy
17 The Earth (go) _around the Sun
18 I (visit) _my parents very often
19 _he (go) _to school every day?
20 _she (come) _from Japanese?
Exercise 1: Rewrite each sentence as a positive, negative , or question :
Example: She (read) is reading _at the moment.
She isn’t reading at the moment
Is she reading at the moment?
1 He (watch) TV right now.
2 At present they (sit) _ in the class.
3 This year we (learn) _ English.
4 Look! Peter (play) football in the schoolyard.
5 Be quiet! The baby (sleep) _.
6 Look! The man (smoke) there.
7 She (write) _ to her parents now.
8 My father (work) _in the garden at the moment.
9 John (listen) _ to the radio now.
10 He (play) _chess at the moment.
Exercise 2: Put the verb in the present continuous tense:
1 The workers (work) in the firm at the moment
2 Please be quite! You (make) _ _so much noise so I can’t concentrate
3 Tony (have) _ _a bath at the moment
4 Listen! He (read) _a story by Shakespeare
5 At present Richard (study) _in London
6 This term I (study) _philosophy and economics
7 Janet (have) _a shower at the moment
8 They (not/study) _at present
9 Yukiko (have) _a bath now
10 We (make) _a cake at the moment
11 Jane (watch) _television at the moment
12 Look! The boy (cry)
13 Alice and Mary (put) _ the dishes away right now
14 The farmer (work) _ in the field now
Trang 415 Look! It (snow) _.
16 Phong (sleep) _ right now
17 Mother (cook) some food in the kitchen at present
18 Just a minute! I (look up) that word in the dictionary
19 _you (write) a letter now?
20 They (not read) books in the sitting room right now
21 Look! They (play) _ football
22 She (sweep) _ the floor now
23 What she (do) now?
24 She (wash) the clothes at the moment
25 Listen! Peter and Daisy (sing) now
26 My brother (not watch) _TV now He (wash) his car
27 He (study) _ English this month
28 you (work) in the garden now?
29 Peter (talk) to Susan now
30 She (listen) _to the radio in her bedroom at the moment
Exercise 1: Rewrite each sentence as a positive, negative , or question :
Example: He (watch) watched a good programme on TV last night.
He didn’t watch a good programme on TV last night
Did he watch a good programme last night?
1 Mary (go) _ shopping for me yesterday.
2 The policeman (drive) away ten minutes ago.
3 The biscuit factory (close) last year.
4 The headmaster (come) _ to the school in 1985.
5 You (spend) a lot of money last month.
6 I last (go) to Spain in 1990.
7 The boy (finish) _their homework yesterday.
8 Rolf (buy) _ the leather jacket last week.
9 I (have) a little trouble with my car last week.
10 She (wash) her clothes last night.
Exercise 2: Put the verb in the past simple tense:
1 They (begin) to study at this school 7 years ago
2 She (lose) her handbag on the train yesterday morning
3 We (visit) _ that city last year
4 Peter and Daisy (be) born in 1978
5 you (spend) _ your holiday in Dalat last summer?
6 She (clean) _the bicycle yesterday
7 They (start) school in 1998
8 My friend and I (go) to the seaside last week
9 We (spend) _ hours on the beach last Sunday
10 He (be) in Ha Noi last year
11 His father (die) _ in 1930
12 Lincoln (work) in this factory three years ago
13 I (do) _my homework last night
14 Miss White (write) to her father last Monday
15 My parents (buy) _the car last year
16 Hoa (read) _the book yesterday
17 He (listen) _to the radio last night
18 We (watch) _ a good programme on TV last night
19 Mary (go) _shopping for me yesterday
20 I (be) _ in Ha Noi last month
21 My parents (go) _to HCM city last week
22 Yesterday we (have) _a meeting at our school
23 Mary (meet) _her parents two week ago
24 She (be) _born in 1992
25 What you (do) _last night
26 Last summer I (study) _English in Can Tho City
27 She (not visit) _her son last week
28 In 1997 there (be) _a terrible storm
29 They (build) _the house twenty years ago
30 John (do not) _come to my birthday party last Sunday
Exercise 1: Rewrite each sentence as a positive, negative , or question :
Example: At this time yesterday they (play) were playing _ football.
At this time yesterday they were not playing football.
Trang 5At this time yesterday were they playing football?
1 At this time yesterday we (play) tennis in the schoolyard.
2 At 7:00 pm yesterday (watch) TV.
3 Yesterday while my father (watch) _ TV, my mother (read) the newspaper,
my sister (do) _her homework and I (play) chess with my friend
4 What were you doing when I phoned you? I (have) a bath.
5 She (do) her homework at the time yesterday.
6 Marry (water) the flowers at 3:00 p.m yesterday.
7 They (visit) the zoo at ten o’clock yesterday.
8 Peter and I (do) _the exercise at this time last night.
9 Last night my father (feed) the pigeons at 7:00.
10 At this time last year we (learn) _English in London.
Exercise 2: Put the verb in the past simple tense or the past continuous:
1 When I (arrive) at this house, he still (sleep)
(stand) at the bus stop
7 The children (play) _ football when their mother (come) _back home
8 The bell (ring) while Tom (take) _ a bath
9 He (sit) in a car when I (see) him
(come) _yesterday
Exercise 1: Rewrite each sentence as a positive, negative , or question :
Example: She (be) has been here for several days
She has not been here for several days.
Has she been here for several days?
1 Tom (see) this film before.
2 I (finish) my exercise already.
3 They (live) here since 1990.
4 My father (just wash) his car.
5 The students (discuss) the question recently.
6 Mary (never, be) to Ha Noi.
7 We (know) each other for 5 years.
8 So far we (learn) five lessons.
9 We (be) pen pals for a long time.
10 They (stay) here since last week.
Exercise 2:
1 Bob (see) this movie before
2 Sandra (lend) her brother $ 200 so far
3 Rashid (just pass) his driving test
4 Karen (study) Italian for three years now and is still studying
5 The teacher (already, tell) to be quite
6 Tim (not, take) many photos yet
7 Jorge (read) the newspaper already
8 We (not begin) _ to study for the test yet
9 John and I (be) pen pals for nearly 3 years
10 He (wear) _ the same coat since he (move) _ here
11 I (not see) _ your brother recently
12 They (not contact) _ to each other for a long time
13 How long _you (study) English?
14 How many times _ you (see) _him since he went to Edinburgh?
15 Who is that woman? I (never/ see) _ her before
16 We (be) from French We (be) there for 20 years
Trang 617 I (see) that film several times because I like it.
18 Mary (lose) _ her hat for 2 days
19 He (not finish) _ doing it yet
20 He (not see) him since Christmas
21 (live) _in Ho Chi Minh City since 1975
22 He (just see) her
23 They (already show) _ the film
24 I’m sorry the car is not here I (just sell) it
25 The Bakers (be) in New York for 3 months
26 My brother (use) this computer for 2 years
27 They (live) in this street for a long time
28 Mr Green (teach) French since he left London in 1997
29 She (not speak) _ to me since last week
30 Up to now, Hoa (work) _ very hard
1. Yesterday they (go) _ home after they (finish) their work
2. When we came to the stadium, the match (already start) _
3. Many people (move) _ to the new place before the storm occurred
4. I sat down ant rested after they (go) _
5. Before he died, he (be) _ ill for several days
6. Last night before he (watch) _ TV, he (do) _ the exercise
7. She went to the department after her (clean) _ the floor
8. When I got to the party, they (go) _ home
9. By the time the police arrived, the house (be) _ burned down
10. By last year, twenty schools in this province (be) _ built
Exercise 1: Put the verb in the future simple tense.
1 you (take) _ at trip to London next week
2 She (water) _ the flowers next month
3 They (build) a new bridge in this province next year
4 Tomorrow she (send) _ the letter to Ha Hoi
5 In 2010 she (move) _ to live in Ho Chi Minh City
6 I (meet) _ my parents in an hour
7 I think it (be) _ sunny tomorrow
8 I am sure he (pass) _ the exam
9 I (stay) _ at home if it rains
10 He (send) the letter when he goes to the post office
Exercise 1: Put the verbs in brackets in the present simple or the present continuous tense:
1 My father (have) coffee for breakfast every day
2 His sister (study) in a shoe store this summer
3 The students (look) _ up that new word now
4 Mary (go) to school every day
5 They (do) this exercise at the moment
6 Ms Eden (read) _ a newspaper now
7 It (rain) very much in the summer It (rain) _ now
8 Bad students never (study) hard
9 He generally (sing) in English, but today he (sing) in Spanish
10 We seldom (eat) before 6.30
11 She sometimes (buy) _vegetables at his market
12 We always (do) _ our exercises carefully
13 Look! A man (run) after the train He (want) _ to catch it
14 It (be) very cold now
15 John (travel) to England tomorrow
16 I (need) some money for my textbooks
17 Tom (like) to go to the museums
18 Mary (love) ice-cream
19 My mother (cook) some food in the kitchen at present She always (cook) inthe mornings
20 I often (leave) the city at weekends
21 The guests (watch) the TV programes now
22 The sun (set) in the west
23 My friend (study) English for an hour every night
24 Listen! I (hear) _ someone knocking at the front door
Trang 725 I (do) an exercise on the present tense at the moment and I (think) that I (know) _how to use it now.
Exercise 1: Put the verbs in brackets in the present perfect or the simple past tense.
1 We (never watch) that TV programme
2 We (watch) a good programme on TV last night
3 He (read) that novel many times before
4 He (read) that novel again last vacation
5 I (have) a little trouble with my car last week
6 However, I (have) no trouble with my car since then
7 I (not see) John for a long time I (see) him 3 weeks ago
8 He is very thirsty He (not drink) since this morning
9 They (study) at this school for 7 years now
10 They (begin) to study at this school 7 years ago
11 How long ago he (start) to learn French?
12 She (lose) her handbag on the train yesterday morning
13 His dog (just run) out of the garden
14 Mr Brown (travel) by air several times in the past
15 He (travel) _ to Mexico by air last summer
Exercise: Put the verbs in brackets in the past simple or the past continuous tense.
1 He (sit) in a bar when I (see) him
2 When I (go) out, the sun (shine)
3 The light (go) out while I (have) tea
4 While he (learn) to drive, he (have) an accident
5 We (walk) to the station when it (begin) to rain
6 He (have) a bad fall when he (repair) his roof
7 It (start) to rain when we (play) football in the schoolyard yesterday
8 He (eat) three sandwiches while you (talk) to him
9 The servant (drop) _ two cups while she (wash up) last night
10 While he (write) a letter, the telephone (ring)
11 Last night we (watch) TV when the power (fail)
12 When I (stand) at the bus stop, I (see) an accident
13 Yesterday I (walk) to school when I (find) a wallet on the street
14 When I (have) dinner yesterday, Peter (come) to our house
15 The thief (steal) the bike when Mai (look) for some books in the shop
Exercise: Put the verbs in brackets in the past simple or the past perfect tense.
1 They (go) home after they (finish) their study
2 Yesterday when I (arrive) to the party, the (already go) home
3 After the guests (leave) , she (go) back into the living-room and (switch) off the light
4 On arrival at home I (find) that she (just leave) just a few minutes before
5 Before he (go) to bad, he (do) his homework
6 When they (get) to the place, the man (die)
7 He (do) _ nothing before he (see) _ me
8 He (thank) me for what I (do) for him
9 I (be) sorry that I (hurt) him
10 After they (go) , I (sit) down and (rest)
11 When I (arrive) _, the dinner (already, begin)
12 My friend (not see) _ me for many years when I (meet) _ last week
13 He (learn) English before he (leave) for England
14 In England, he soon (remember) all he (learn) before
15 They (tell) him they (not meet) him before
16 He (ask) why we (come) so early
17 She (say) that she (already, see) _ Dr Rice
18 By the time Bill (get) there, the meeting (start)
19 When we (arrive) at our place, we (find) that a burglar (break) in
20 Almost everybody (leave) _ for home by the time we (arrive) _
Exercise: Put the verbs in brackets in the simple present or the simple future tense.
1 We (go) out when the rain (stop)
2 I (stay) _ here until he (answer) me
3 Wait until I (catch) you
4 I (be) _ ready before you (count) _ ten
Trang 85 John must eat his breakfast before he (go) out.
6 Miss Helen (help) you as soon as she (finish) that letter
7 He (tell) _ you when you (get) there
8 She (not come) until you (be) _ ready
9 He (tell) you when you (ask) him
10 I (come) _ and (see) you before I (leave) _ for England
Exercise 1: Put the verb in the brackets in the correct tense.
1 We seldom (eat) before 7 am
2 I (not see) him since I (meet) him 2 months ago
3 Listen! I (think) _ someone (knock) _ the door
4 I (get) _ up early the day before yesterday
5 The earth (circle) the sun once every 365 days
6 you (watch) _ TV last night?
7 The workers (work) _ in the firm at the moment
8 How many times _ you (see) him since he went to Edinburgh?
9 Rivers usually (flow) to the sea
10 Look! The boy (cry) _
11 Do you know that man, who (smoke) _ there
12 Mrs Green always (go) _to work by bus
13 We (be) from French We (be) there for 20 years
14 I (move) to another town next week
15 I (see) that film several times because I like it
16 She always (go) _ go to bed before her mother does
17 Mary (lose) _ her hat for 2 days
18 you (take) _ a trip to London next week?
19 She rarely (take) a bath before dinner
20 He (not finish) _ doing it yet
21 He (not see) him since Christmas
22 In what year _ World War II (break) out?
23 The sun (set) in the West
24 They (live) _ in Ho Chi Minh City since 1975
25 He (come) _ here once 2 years ago
26 We will go out when it (stop) _raining
27 She (read) all the books written by Dickens How many books _ you (read)
_?
28 Alice and Mary (put) _ the dishes away right now
29 What you (do) _ at 10 am yesterday?
30 She (finish) her homework recently
31 He (just see) her
32 They (already show) _ the film
33 I’m sorry the car is not here I (just sell) it
34 When _you (buy) your bicycle?
35 I (know) _Jack since we (be) _ students but I (not meet) _ him since we (leave) _ school in 1998
36 The Bakers (be) in New York for 3 months
37 you (spend) _ your holiday in Da lat last summer?
38 We (visit) _ that city last year
39 The farmer (work) _ in the field now
40 John (see) that film sometimes
41 My brother (use) this computer for 2 years
42 Mr Green (buy) a new tractor last month
43 They (live) in this street for a long time
44 My brother (play) _ football at the moment
45 Mr Green (teach) French since he left London in 1997
46 She often (go) _ to school by bicycle but yesterday she (go) by bus
47 Look! It (snow) _
48 She (not speak) _ to me since last week
49 Up to now, Hoa (work) _ very hard
50 HCM city (be) the largest city in Vietnam
51 They (hold) the meeting recently
52 Phong (sleep) _ right now
53 He (live) in Hanoi since 2002
54 Long ago, my young brother often (cry) _ at night
55 you (see) _ him recently?
56 He (finish) his work since yesterday
Trang 957 Peter and Daisy (be) born in 1978.
58 Please be quite! You (make) so much noise so I can’t concentrate
59 Look A man (run) after the train He (want) _ to catch it
60 It (be) very cold now
61 We (go) _ to the theatre last night
62 He usually (write) in green ink
63 She (play) _ the piano when our guests (arrive) _ last night
64 We (do) English exercise at the moment
65 She (just come) in and (see) you in 5 minutes
66 I (come) _ as soon as my study is finished (You be) ready?
67 Where (you go) for your holiday last year?
68 I (not leave) Paris since we (go) _ to Dieppe three years ago
69 My mother (come) to stay with us next weekend
70 We (meet) only yesterday and (already decide) to get married
71 I (never see) snow
72 Violets (bloom) in spring
73 We (not live) _ in England for the last two months
74 I (lose) my keys; I cannot remember where I last (see) them
75 He (not arrive) when I (write) my last letter to you
76 Whenever you (go) _ to town nowadays, you (spend) _ a lot of money
77 I (never forget) what you (just tell) me
78 They (prepare) the Christmas dinner today
79 I (not see) John for a long time I (see) him 3 weeks ago
80 He is very thirsty He (not drink) since this morning
81 Look at those black clouds It (rain) _
82 We (not see) _ her since we (be) _ on holiday in Ha Long bay
83 Phuong (not finish) _ her homework yet
84 Would you like some coffee? I just (make) _ some
85 No one (use) _ this car for several years
86 Last night when we (visit) _ him, he (do) _ an experiment on the upstairs
87 The sewing machine which you (use) _ at present (invent) _ in 1830 by French
88 I (not see) your uncle recently - No He (not go) _ out since he (buy) _ a new color television
89 My uncle just (open) _ a new internet house on Trang Thi street
90 Her grandfather (die) _ 20 years ago She (never meet) _ him
91 Linh's brother (lose) _ his job last month and since then he (be) _ out of work
92 You (see) _ Mrs Chi lately? - Yes I (see) _ her at the school gate three days ago
93 The door won't open unless you (push) _ it hard
94 As soon as I (have) _ enough money, I'll buy a new car
95 I (not use) _ the car this evening, so you can have it
96 I (walk) _ along the street when I suddenly (feel) _ something hit me in the back I(not know) _ what it was
97 It (be) cold when we (leave) _ the house that day, and a light snow (fall) _
98 I (not see) _ Daisy for ages When I last (see) _ him, he (try) _ to find a job
in London
99 I (walk) _ along the street when suddenly I (hear) _ footsteps behind me
Somebody (follow) _ me I was frightened and I (start) _ to run
100 When I was young, I (want) _to be a bus diver
101 I wish I (not be) here now
102 They (practice) _ their music lesson at 7 o'clock last night
103 Thu (look) _after her little brother next Sunday
104 This book (just publish) _by Kim Dong publisher
105 The kids (sleep) when the bell rang
106 Who you (talk) _to on the phone now, Minh?
107 Where your new friend (live) , Nga? - She (live) on Hang Bac Street
108 You (be) free next Sunday morning, Tan? - No, I and my brother _(visit) our grandparents
109 Trang (not be) in her room at the moment She (cook) in the
kitchen
110 Lien (not go) to the movie theater tomorrow She (stay) _at home and watch TV
111 Take these pills and you (feel) better then, Ba!
112 Minh (not visit) the museum with his class last Sunday because he (catch) a cold
113 The Pikes (move) to London since 2002
114 The students (play) _badminton at the moment
115 Ba and Phong (know) each other quite well for years
116 The phone (ring) _at midnight last night
Trang 10117 The Brown (travel) to Asia many times.
118 What you (do) last weekend? - I (go) to the theater with my family
119 John and I (be) _pen pals for nearly three years
120 We used (write) to each other every month when we (be) at secondary school
121 Minh (know) a little English, so she (wish) she (can)
_speak it fluently
122 Maria (stay) _with us at the moment She (be) _my sister's friend
123 My mother (wash) the dishes while we (clean) the floor
124 Listen! The teacher (explain) the lesson
125 Viet Nam (have) _a lot of mountains and there (be) _many tall and big trees there
126 Lan (borrow) _some books from the library since Monday
127 Uyen (take) _a bus to school every day
128 Farmers often (harvest) _their crops in August
129 They (leave) Hanoi for HCM City yesterday
130 You look tired You (work) _hard?
Exercise 2: Choose the best answer.
1 Water at 100 degree Centigrade
2 George to the movies very often
A not go B don’t go C doesn’t go D not to
3 How many languages ?
A do you speak B are you speak C are you speaking D will you speak
4 The swimming pool at 9.00 am and at 6.30 pm
A open/ close B opens / closes C opens/ close D open / closes
5 Excuse me! I for a phone book Is there one here?
A is looking B are looking C am looking D looking
6 Would you like a cigarette? No, thanks, I
A not smoke B doesn’t smoke C don’t smoke D am not smoke
7 Listen! Can you hear those people next door? They
A is yelling B are yelling C yells D yell
8 Why your coat today? It’s very warm today
A are you wear B do you wear C you are wearing D are you wearing
9 Where is Peter? He a bath
A is talking B taking C is taking D is takeing
10 I your telephone number
A not know B don’t know C don’t knew D am not knowing
11 Bad students never hard
12 The farmers in the field now
13 Do you know the man who there?
A is smoking B are smoking C smoke D smokes
14 Those children for 2 hours every afternoon
A sleep B sleeps C is sleeping D are sleeping
15 Light faster than sound
A travels B travels C travel D is travelling
16 At present, that author a historical novel
A is writing B write C are writing D writes
17 Look! The policeman after a pick pocket
A are running B is running C runs D is runing
18 He usually his work before 5 o’clock
A finish B finishes C is finishing D finishing
19 They to Ha Long for their last summer vacation
20 She to brush her teeth yesterday
A forget B forgot C forgetting D was forgetting
21 Ba his room yesterday afternoon
A clean and tidy B cleaned and tidied C cleaned and tidy
22 What yesterday at 10.20 pm?
A are you doing B was you doing C were you doing D did you do
23 You looked very busy when I (see) you last night What you (do) _?
A see/ did you do B saw/ are you doing C saw/ were you doing
24 He us to go out in the boat yesterday as a strong wind
A not allow/ blow B didn’t allow/ was blowing C don’t allow/ were blowing
25 The boys broke a window when they football
playing
26 Mr John to Los Angeles in 1992
Trang 1127 Why you come yesterday?
couldn’t
28 While I was going to school yesterday, I him
29 I about him when suddenly he came in
A talk B talked C am talking D was talking
30 It began to rain when they basket ball at 4.00
CONDITIONAL SENTENCE
A PHẦN LÝ THUYẾT
I Conditional sentence type 1
Form
If-clause
The present simple
, Main clause
S will V 0
If I have time, I will help you.
I will help you if I have time.
If I meet her, I will give her the letter.
II Conditional sentence type 2
Form
If-clause
,
Main clause The past
*would = could, would, should; to be : were Use
Điều kiện loại 2 dùng để diễn tả một điều kiện không có thật ở hiện tại và khó có thể xảy ra trong tương lai
If I were you, I would come there.
I would come there if I were you.
I don’t know the answer If I knew the answer, I would tell you.
III Conditional sentence type 3
S Would have PP
The past perfect
* would = could, should, might Use
Điều kiện loại 3 dùng để diễn tả một điều kiện không có thật ở quá khứ
He would have passed the exam if he had studied hard.
If he had studied hard, he would have passed the exam.
I didn’t go to school If I had gone to school, I would have met my classmates.
IV Unless = If … not ( Trừ khi= Nếu … không)
Trang 12Thể phủ
Khẳng định( Mệnh đề chính không thay
đổi)
Thể khẳng
Khẳng định(Mệnh đề chính đổi sangthể ngược lại)
If you don’t study hard, you will fail the exam.
Unless you study hard, you will fail the exam.
If she doesn’t water these trees, they will die.
Unless she waters these trees, they will die
If I have time, I will help you.
Unless I have more time, I won’t help you
B PHẦN THỰC HÀNH
I Conditional sentence type 1
Put the verb in the brackets in the correct form:
Example: If it (rain) rains , we (not go) _will not go _to the cinema.
2 If the weather (be) _nice tomorrow, we (drive)
to our farm
3 If we (send) this message now, they (receive)
9 She (do) it if she (promise) you
10 What you (do) if you (not have)
money?
11 The kitchen (look) better if we (have)
red curtains
II Conditional sentence type 2
Put the verb in the brackets in the correct form:
Example: If he (know) _knew _ the truth, he (not behave) would not behave like
9 If I (be) you, I (tell) the truth
10 If I (have) enough time now, I (write)
to my parents
11 If I (know) his address, I (go) round and see him
III Conditional sentence type 3
Put the verb in the brackets in the correct form:
Example: If you (not be) _had not been so busy, I (show) would have shown you
how to play.
Trang 131 I (understand) him if he (speak)
more slowly
2 T (be) glad if he (visit) me in hospital
got one more mark
4 I (tell) you if you (ask) me
5 If I (know) that you were in hospital, I (visit) you
6 What you (tell) _ her if you (meet)
9 If she (have) enough money, she (buy)
a new car
10 You (not watch) the film if you (not have) a ticket
IV Mixed types
Put the verb in the brackets in the correct form:
Example: If I (have) have time, I will write to him.
a holiday?
5 I will go to the party unless it (rain)
6 If I got up earlier, I (not be) late for work
7 If I didn’t feel so tired, I (go) .out withyou
you take it again?
have visited you
work tomorrow
very tired
had known the reason
(feel) worse
(go) somewhere else
we won’t go out
(take care) of it
(get in)
(not let) you go
(catch) the train
23 If Tom _ (ring), tell him I will phone him
Trang 1424 If I (know) that you didn’t like fish, I wouldn’t have bought it.
_better, I (come) _to class yesterday
_it was your birthday yesterday
tomorrow, I (go) for a walk
enough time, I (go) to the park
_that sentence, I (explain) it to you
night, I (go) to see you
situation?
less mean, she (not leave) _him
now, we (miss) the rush hour traffic
much money But I don’t think you ever will
window, we (not give) them the opportunity to break in
to his proposal
(come) to help you
back the capital punishment
39 The only thing I haven’t got is a garden If I (have) one, I (grow) a lot of flowers
late for the train
next meeting
Second World War
me, won’t you?
a cat, the mice (disappear)
Exercise 2:
Example: If I were you, I that job.
a would apply for b will ask for c will have changed d can take
1 If I _ a wish, I’d wish for happiness for my family
2 If I an astronaut traveling in a cabin, I’d not be annoyed by the weightlessness
3 What happen if you come late for the meeting tomorrow?
4 If there were no gravity, water never run downhill
5 If you _ Henry, ask him to come and see me
6 Unless you _ quiet, I’ll scream
7 I’ll be able to speak English well if I _ hard
a studied b have studied c had studied d study
8 If I could speak Spanish, I _ next year studying in Mexico
a would spend b had spent c would have spent d will spend
9 If I you, I _ his invitation
a am/ will refuse b were/ would refuse c was/ will refuse d had been/ would have refused
10 If my father here now, he would help me
Trang 1511 She can’t get home _ she has no money.
12 If he _ yesterday, he would be here with us tomorrow night
a finished it b had finished it c finishes it d has finished it
13 If an object is let off in the cabin of a spaceship, it
a floated b is floating c will float d would float
14 _we find new sources, we will soon run out of energy
15 Unless we throwing garbage into the river, it will be polluted
a stop b don’t stop c will stop d won’t stop
16 If the questions not too difficult, we them
a were/ could answer b are/ could answer c were/ can answer d are/ can answer
17 If you were not sick, with us?
a will you come b would you come c do you come d are you coming
18 If they didn’t live so far away, I _ them every week
a visit b visited c will visit d would visit
19 If you us about the bad service, we’d have eaten there
a didn’t tell b wouldn’t have told c hadn’t told d had told
20 If Allie had come sooner, he dinner with us
a could have eaten b would being eaten c was eating d could eat
21 If it _ convenient, let’s go out for a drink tonight
22 If you time, please write to me
23 I shouldn’t go there at night if I you
24 If I a pole, I’ll go fishing
25 If they had enough time, they head south
26 If you had the chance, you go fishing?
27 if you had a choice, which country would you visit?
28 If I found a wallet in the street, I take it to police
29 I don’t really want to go to their party, but I probably will go They would be offended if _go
30 What would you do if you a million pounds
31 I’m not tired enough to go to bed yet I wouldn’t sleep if I to bed now
32 I that coat if I were you
a wouldn’t buy b didn’t buy c don’t buy d won’t buy
33 If you here yesterday, you me
a were/would meet b had been/would meet c were/would have met d had
been/would have met
34 If I was offered the job, I think I it
a take b will take c would take d would have taken
35 I would be very surprised if he
a refuses b refused c had refused d would refuse
36 Many people would be out of work if that factory down
37 If she sold her car, she much money
38 They would be disappointed if we
a hadn’t come b wouldn’t come c don’t come d didn’t come
39 Would George be angry if I his bicycle without asking?
40 She terribly upset if I lost this ring
Exercise 3: Rewrite the following sentence
1 I am poor; I can’t travel around the world
If I were not poor, I could travel around the world
2 I feel so ill, I don’t go to work
3 I don’t have much time; I can’t learn all my favorite subjects
Trang 164 I am not a millionaire, I can’t help all people
5 The accident happened because the driver in front stopped so suddenly
6 I didn’t wake up because I didn’t know you wanted to get up early
7 I had a cold because I walked in the rain
8 She didn’t buy the watch because she didn’t bring enough money with her
9 They didn’t sell the house because their children wanted to keep it
10 Mrs White fell down because she was too weak
11 He failed because he didn’t do the exams well
12 She couldn’t come because she had to work overtime
13 He couldn’t hear you well because you spoke so softly
14 I couldn’t answer the phone because I was having a bath
15 He doesn’t have the money and he cannot afford a new car
16 Susan felt sick because she ate 4 cream cakes
17 We didn’t know your phone number, so we could not contact you
18 The price of petrol was raised last month, so car sales have dropped again
19 I cannot go to the beach with you this weekend because I have a date with my own classmates
20 She didn’t hurry, so she missed the train
21 I never get very lonely because I have lots of good friends
22 We didn’t go on holiday because we didn’t have enough time
23 We got lost because we didn’t have enough time
24 The match can be cancelled because it rains heavily
25 He lost all his money because he wasn’t careful
26 Because Simon doesn’t live near his mother, he can’t visit her often
27 His parents were very disappointed because he failed his final examination
28 If you hadn’t told me about Sue’s hair, I wouldn’t have noticed Unless
29 If you don’t take morning exercise, you will be weak Unless
30 If you don’t see that film, you will be sorry Unless
31 You will get lost if you don’t take a map with you Unless
32 They will kill him if he doesn’t tell them the truth Unless
33 If we don’t protect the forest, the environment will be soon destroyed Unless
34 I will wait her if she calls me Unless
35 I will choose that blue jacket if isn’t too expensive Unless
36 If it doesn’t rain, we will go for a walk Unless
37 I will buy a bike if I don’t go on holiday Unless
38 I will visit them if I have enough time.Unless
39 I don’t have free time, so I can’t go to see him
40 She didn’t explain him the situation, so he didn’t understand it
41 I don’t know enough about the machine, so I can’t mend it myself
42 I don’t ride the work every morning because it’s always crowded
43 Not enough money is spent on cancer research, so prevention has not been found
44 The wind is blowing so hard, so I won’t take the boat for a ride
45 Nick can’t find the way because he hasn’t got a map
PASSIVE VOICE
A PHAÀN LYÙ THUYEÁT
S + V + O
Trang 17S + Be +V3/ED by O
The simple
O
O The future simple S Will V0 O S will be Ved/3 by O
The present
continuous S is/ am/ are VING O S Ved/3 is /am /are being by O
The past
ING
The present
ed/3
by O
B PHẦN THỰC HÀNH
I Passive voice: The simple present tense
Example: The secretary opens the mail every morning. The mail is opened every morning by the
secretary.
1 People don’t use this road very often This road
2 I wash the dishes in the evening The dishes
3 He often does exercises every night Exercises
4 She usually decorates the room at weekends The room
5 Daisy always sings country songs Country songs
6 She often give her sister sweets Her sister
7 Nam and Peter often water these trees.These trees
8 They produce cars in this country Cars
9 We don’t allow smoking in this restaurant Smoking
10 Do pupils clean the room every day? Is
II Passive voice: The Past simple tense Example: To Hoai wrote the story The story was written by To Hoai 1 The waiters cleaned the rooms last night The rooms
2 They caught the elephant again The elephant
3 She bought the watch at the shop The watch
4 They built the house in 1950 The house
5 We did the exercises last week Exercises
6 The pupils sent the letters the day before yesterday The letters
7 He learned the lesson two week ago The lesson
8 Nguyen Du wrote Kieu story Kieu story
9 She made the cake last night The cake
10 Daisy washed the dishes last night The dishes
III Passive voice: The future simple tense Example: The army will complete that project next year That project will be completed by the army next year. 1 They won’t punish him He
2 They will ask you a lot of question at the interview You
3 They will give her a new one She
4 Tom will visit his parents next month His parents
5 Some people will interview the new president on TV The new presidents
6 They will finish the work next week The work
7 Somebody will call Mr David tonight Mr David
8 The State will assign our students to different jobs Our students
9 When will you do the work? When
10 He won’t tell me the truth about the situation The truth about the situation
IV Passive voice: The present continuous tense
Trang 18Example: She is cleaning the house The house is being cleaned by her.
1 My friends are eating an orange An orange
2 They are watching the film The film
3 We are doing the exercises The exercise
4 She is cutting the paper right now The paper
5 They are singing the songs in the room The songs
6 We are reading the book now The book
7 The students are discussing the questions The questions
8 My father is repairing my bike My bike
9 She is cooking the meal in the kitchen now The meal
10 About thirty thousand people are watching this program This program
V Passive voice: The past continuous tense Example: She was picking the flowers at 3:00 pm yesterday The flowers were being picked by her at 3:00.pm yesterday 1 He was painting the house when I came The house
2 The teacher was reading the book when we came The book
3 Mary’s mother was washing the clothes The clothes
4 Her friends were drinking coffee at the cafe Coffee
5 He was boiling the eggs when I saw him The eggs
6 His brother was painting the door The door
7 Thu was waiting for him at the school He
8 We were doing the exercises The exercises
9 They were painting the gate of the school The gate of the school
10 They were doing the bedroom on Friday The bedroom
VI Passive voice: The present perfect tense Example: His boss has transferred him to another department He has been transferred to another department by his boss. 1 They have taken her to the hospital She
2 They have cancelled the meeting The meeting
3 Someone has moved my chair My chair
4 Someone has given him a lot of money He
5 We have invited all the students in the school All the students
6 We have told him not to be late again He
7 Our teachers have explained the English grammar The English grammar
8 Have you finished the above sentences? Have above sentences
9 The police have arrested the mugger The mugger
10 The police have arrested five suspects Five suspects
VII Passive voice: The past perfect tense Example: They had printed the book before 1950 The book had been printed by them before 1950
1 She had mended the bicycle The bicycle
2 They had exported the rice before May The rice
3 I had waited her before I came here She
4 No one had met me before I left I
5 He hadn’t eaten the cakes The cakes
6 They had cleaned the car by 3 p.m The car
7 My friend had bought the house before 1990 The house
8 Had he asked some questions? Had some question
9 I had studied the tenses before May The tenses
10 The school boys had wasted a lot of time A lot of time
VIII Passive voice: Modal verb Example: You should brush our teeth twice a day Our teeth should be brushed twice a day
Trang 191 He might have caught the fish The fish
2 She could have washed the dress The dress
3 She is not going to pick many flowers Many flowers
4 Parents should give children a lot of love children
5 You must wash your hands Your hands
6 He can speak four languages Four languages
7 You must keep dogs outside shops Dogs
8 Children should treat old men with respect Old men
9 My classmates used to call me John I
10 He can’t repair my bike My bike
IX Passive voice: Mixed types Exercise 1: Rewrite the following sentence using passive voice. 1 My father waters this flower every morning
2 A stone broke the window
3 The servants didn’t do the work
4 She often takes her dog for a walk
5 The army will complete that project next year
6 They won’t punish him
7 People don’t use this road very often
8 The manager always welcomes new employees
9 We are following them
10 The airplanes are dropping booms
11 The keepers were feeding the lions
12 They have taken her to the hospital
13 They had fastened his whole body to the ground
14 The school boys had wasted a lot of time
15 We write letter to our friend once a week
16 We clean the garages everyday
17 Someone has given him a lot of money
18 The police arrested two hundred people
19 We export this computer to seventy different countries
20 They have cancelled the meeting
21 We have invited all the students in the school
22 They posted all the letters yesterday
23 The police found two children in the forest
24 They will hold a meeting before May Day
25 Mary is cutting the cake with a sharp knife
26 The teacher is going to tell a story
27 An earthquake destroyed the town
28 He didn’t type the letter last night
29 They will pick me up at my house
30 When did you see him in that bank?
31 My father will take me to Ho Chi Minh City next week
32 A man returned the keys to me
33 Mary will see her friends off at the station
34 Workers were digging a large hole in the ground
35 Countries are finding a way to solve the problem
36 They can't make tea with cold water
37 The chief engineer was instructing all the workers of the plant
38 Somebody has taken away some of my books
39 They will hold the meeting before May Day
40 They have to repair the engineer of the car
41 The boy broke the window and took away some pictures
42 A man I know told me about it
43 No one believes his story
44 Do they teach English here?
45 Will you invite her to your wedding party?
46 Did the teacher give some exercises?
47 Have they changed the window of the laboratory?
48 Is she making big cakes for the party?
49 Why didn't they help him?
50 You mustn’t use this machine after 5.30 pm
51 You must clean this machine very time you use it
Trang 2052 Someone will drive your car to London on Tuesday
53 They will send you your examination results when they are ready
54 In this August, They will build a new house
55 The teacher can give him good marks because he is an excellent
56 Someone will serve soft drinks
57 Tolstoy wrote “War and Peace”
58 Shakespeare wrote “Hamlet”
59 Hemingway didn’t write “Hamlet”
60 Someone built that house in 1930
61 They opened the factory at 9 o’clock
62 They posted all letter yesterday
63 We invited fifty people to the party
64 Last night someone broke into our house
65 Ba invited Liz to the rice-cooking festival
66 They held the festival in the communal house yard
67 The council leader awarded the first prize to Mekong team
68 Someone will translate this letter into Vietnamese
69 Alexander Bain invented the facsimile in 1843
70 They dry the beans in the sun
Exercise 2: Choose the best answer:
1 “I heard you decided to take up tennis.” – “Yes I have _since last week
a been played b been playing c playing d play
2 “Are we about to have dinner?”- “Yes it in the dinning room.”
a is serving b serves c is being served d served
3 “We are still looking for Thomas.” “Hasn’t he yet?
4 You _by my secretary next week
a will notify b would notify c will be notified d is going to notified
5 The wheel thousands of years ago
invented
6 I still can’t believe it My bike _last night
7 Today, many serious childhood diseases _by early immunization
a are preventing b can prevent c prevent d can be prevented
8 Kieu story by Nguyen Du hundreds years ago
a is written b has been written c wrote d was written
9 The questions by the students at the moment
a are discussed b will be discussed c have been discussed d are being discussed
10 Many people _killed in the accident last night
a had been killed b were killed c killed d being killed
RELATIVE CLAUSE
A PHẦN LÝ THUYẾT
I Defining relative clause (Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định)
Đây là mệnh đề cần thiết vì danh từ mà nó bổ nghĩa là không xác định Mệnh đề quan hệ bổ nghĩa cho danh từ trước nó, làm cho người đọc và người nghe hiểu được danh từ được đề cập là ai, là gì Không có nó câu sẽ không đủ nghĩa
The man who lives next door to me is very friendly.
The book which I bought yesterday is very interesting.
II Non-defining relative clause (Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định)
Đây là loại mệnh đề không cần thiết vì danh từ mà nó bổ nghĩa đã được xác định cụ thể, không có nó câu vẫn đủ nghĩa
Mr Thanh, Who is from Ha Tinh province, is a friendly English teacher.
Ha Noi, which is the capital of Vietnam, is in the north of Vietnam.
Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định được ngăn với mệnh đề chính bằng dấu phẩy
Trước danh từ thường có : this, that, these, those, my, his, her… và danh từ riêng.
III The use of relative pronouns and relative adverbs
Relative pronouns
Trang 21 Who: who là đại từ quan hệ chỉ người đứng sau danh từ chỉ người để làm chủ
từ cho động từ đứng sau nó
The man who is standing over there is Mr Pike
Whom: whom là đại từ quan hệ chỉ người, đứng sau danh từ chỉ người để làm
tân ngữ cho động từ đứng sau nó
Whom làm tân ngũ có thể được bỏ đi trong mệnh đề quan hệ xác định
That is the girl whom I told you about.
Which: which là đại từ quan hệ chỉ vật, đứng sau danh từ chỉ vật để làm chủ
từ hay tân ngữ cho động từ đứng sau nó Which làm tân ngữ có thể được bỏ
đi trong mệnh đề quan hệ xác định.
The dress which I bought yesterday is very beautiful.
This is the book which I like best.
That: That là đại từ quan hệ chỉ cả người lẫn vật That có thể được dùng thay
cho who, whom, which trong mệnh đề quan hệ xác định.
This is the book that I like best.
That luôn được dùng sau các danh từ hổn hợp (gồm cả người lẫn vật), sau các
đại từ everything, something, anything, all little, much, none và sau dạng so sánh
nhất
Whose: Whose là đại từ quan hệ chỉ sở hữu Whose đứng sau danh từ chỉ người
hoặc vật và thay cho tính từ sở hữu hoặc sở hữu cách trước danh từ Whose luôn đi kèm với một danh từ
John found a cat whose leg was broken.
Relative adverbs
When: When là trạng từ quan hệ chỉ thời gian, đứng sau danh từ chỉ thời gian When được thaycho at/on/in + danh từ thời gian hoặc then.
May Day is a day when people hold a meeting.
Where: Where là trạng từ quan hệ chỉ nơi chốn, đứng sau danh từ chỉ nơi chốn.
Where được thay thế cho at/on/in + danh từ nơi chốn hoặc there.
Do you know the country where I was born?
Why: Why là trạng từ quan hệ chỉ lí do Why thay cho for which.
Relative
pronoun
(Đại từ quan
hệ)
Noun replaced
(Danh từ được thay thế)
Functions
(Chức năng)
hoặc tân ngữ
that Danh từ chỉ người,vật, thay thế cho
which,whom,who trong mệnh đề hạn định
Làm chủ từ hoặc tân ngữ
whose Tính từ sở hữu hoặc sở hữu cách Làm chủ từ
hoặc tân ngữ
B PHẦN THỰC HÀNH
Exercise 1: Use who, whom or which to combine the two sentences
1 The girl is hospital now She was injured in the accident
2 I know a shop It sells really good meat
3 The boy is very nice I know him from school
4 The shoes are too big My mother bought them for me
5 I still have the book You gave me that book
6 A river is not safe for swimming It is polluted
7 The doctor was very gentle He examined the sick child
8 The man standing over there I was telling you about him
9 The meeting was interesting I went to it
Trang 2210 I like the dress She was wearing it
11 We don’t like the stories They don’t have happy endings
12 The milk was very good We had it this morning
13 Thank you very much for the gift You gave it to me last time
14 The book was too expensive I wanted to buy it
15 The girl is really intelligent We admire her
Exercise 2: Use whose, where, when to combine the two sentences:
1 The city was famous for its food We spent our vacation in that city
2 This is the story of a man His wife suddenly loses her memory
3 They have just rebuilt the building I work in that building
4 The building is very modern She lives in that building
5 Yesterday I met a woman Her son is a doctor
6 The woman is a teacher Her daughter is my classmate
7 1983 is the year She was born in that year
8 I feel sorry for the boy His parents were dead
9 The man is very friendly His wife is very beautiful
10 I will show you the second-hand bookshop You can find valuable books in this shop
II Non-defining relative clause: ( Mệnh đề hạn định)
Combine the two sentences using relative pronouns or relative adverbs:
1 Ba likes playing the guitar He lives on Trang Tien Street
2 Neil Armstrong lived in USA He first walked on the moon
3 Miss Lien is my English teacher She sings very well
4 The Nile is the home of a great variety of fish The Nile is in Egypt
5 The movie Harry Potter is coming soon I’m longing to see it
6 Peter is studying French and German He has been abroad
7 We are moving to Manchester Manchester is the North West
8 I’ll stay with Adrian His brother is one of my closet friends
9 Cuc phuong is a famous nation park I came there along time ago
10 Thu wants to drink some medicine She had a headache
Exercise 1: Combine the two sentences using relative pronouns or relative adverbs
1 The building seems new now It was very old
2 I went to see a doctor He told me to rest for a few days
3 A friend helped me to get a job His father is the manager of the company
4 He protested to a woman Her dog bit him
5 I was waiting in a chair It suddenly collapsed
6 Please post the letters I wrote them this morning
7 I will introduce you to a man His support is necessary for your project
8 A man brought in a small girl Her hand had been cut
9 A man said Tom was out He answered the phone
10 The problem has been discussed in class We are very interested in it
11 A lot of fish died everyday They live in the polluted sea
12 We have a new teacher I really like her
13 She‘ll tell you the story That story will surprise you
14 The girl is now in hospital She was injured in the accident
15 A waitress served us She was very impolite and impatient