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VERB TENSES PHẦN LÝ THUYẾT The simple present tense (Thì hiện tại đơn) Form ( Cấu trúc) Use (Cách dùng) Diễn tả một chân lý, một sự thật hiển nhiên. The sun rises in the East Diễn tả một thói quen, một hành động xảy ra thường xuyên ở hiện tại. Mary often goes to school by bicycle. Diễn tả một sự việc sẽ xảy ra theo thời gian biểu hoặc chương trình, kế hoạch đã định theo thời gian biểu. The train leaves at seven twentythree tomorrow morning. Lưu ý: Ta thêm es sau các động từ tận cùng là: o,s,x,xh,sh Time expressions ( Cụm từ thời gian) Always, usually, sometimes, often, normally, generally, occasionally, as a rule, never, rarely, seldom, … Every: everyday, every morning, every Saturday… Three times a week, twice a month, from time to time… The present continuous tense ( Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn) Form ( Cấu trúc) I Am Ving  We, you, they Are   He, she, it is   Use (Cách dùng) Diễn tả một hành động hay một sự việc đang diển ra ngay lúc nói. The children are playing football now. Diền tả một hành động có tính tạm thời, diễn ra xung quanh thời điểm nói. I am quite busy these days. I am building a new house. Diển tả một kế hoạch, một dự định trong tương lai gần,một sự sắp xếp trước lúc nói. He is coming next week. Time expressions ( Cụm từ thời gian) Now, right now, at present, at the moment, still Today, this week, these days, this term, this year, this summer, nowadays… Look Be quite Don’t make noise Listen Watch out Keep silent... Lưu ý: Không dùng thì hiện tại tiếp diễn với các từ chỉ nhận thức, tri giác như: to be, see, hear, understand, know, like, want, glance, feel, think, smell, love, hate, realize, seem, remember, forget… I am tired now She wants to go for a walk at the moment. The past simple tense ( Thì quá khứ đơn) Form ( Cấu trúc) I, we, you, they, he, she, it Ved   V2  Use (Cách dùng) Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra và chấm dứt trong quá khứ, thời gian được xác định rõ. Tom went to Paris last week. Diễàn tả một hành động diễn ra suốt một khoảng thời gian trong quá khứ, nhưng nay đã hoàn toàn chấm dứt. She worked as a secretary for five years and now she is a teacher. Time expressions ( Cụm từ thời gian) Yesterday, yesterday morning, in the past, in 1985, when I was young, when I was a child… Last: last night, last year, last month, last summer Ago: two days ago, three weeks ago, a month ago The past continuous tense ( Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn) Form ( Cấu trúc) We, you, they were Ving  I, he, she, it was   Use (Cách dùng) Hành động đã diễn ra và kéo dài một thời gian ở quá khứ. Yesterday, Mr. John was working in the laboratory all the afternoon. Hành động đang xảy ra vào một thời điểm trong quá khứ. I was doing my homework at 6:00 last Sunday. Hành động đang diễn ra trong quá khứ thì có một hành động khác xen vào (hành động nào kéo dài hơn ta dùng Past continuous, hành động ngắn hơn dùng Past simple) When I came yesterday, he was sleeping. Lưu ý: Không dùng các động từ chỉ nhận thức, tri giác. Thay vào đó ta dùng thì Past simple. I felt tired at that time. Time expressions ( Cụm từ thời gian) At 6:00 yesterday, at this time yesterday, at the time last week, at that time… The present perfect tense ( Thì hiện tại hoàn thành) Form ( Cấu trúc) I, we, you, they have V3 Ved  He, she, it has    (Thể phủ định S have has not PP; Thể nghi vấn HaveHas S PP?) Use (Cách dùng) Diễn tả một hành động, một sự việc vừa mới xảy ra. I have just seen my sister in the park. Diễn tả một hành động lập đi lập lại nhiều lần trong quá khứ mà không biết rỏ thời gian cụ thể trong

Trang 1

VERB TENSES

A PHẦN LÝ THUYẾT

a The simple present tense (Thì hiện tại đơn)

Form ( Cấu trúc)

Use (Cách dùng)

 Diễn tả một chân lý, một sự thật hiển nhiên

The sun rises in the East

 Diễn tả một thói quen, một hành động xảy ra thường xuyên ở hiện tại

Mary often goes to school by bicycle.

 Diễn tả một sự việc sẽ xảy ra theo thời gian biểu hoặc chương trình, kế hoạch đã định theo thời gian biểu

The train leaves at seven twenty-three tomorrow morning.

* Lưu ý: Ta thêm es sau các động từ tận cùng là: o,s,x,xh,sh

Time expressions ( Cụm từ thời gian)

 Always, usually, sometimes, often, normally, generally, occasionally, as a rule, never, rarely, seldom, …

Every: everyday, every morning, every Saturday…

 Three times a week, twice a month, from time to time…

b The present continuous tense ( Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn)

Form ( Cấu trúc)

A m

Vin g

We, you,

He, she, it is Use (Cách dùng)

Diễn tả một hành động hay một sự việc đang diển ra ngay lúc nói

The children are playing football now.

Diền tả một hành động có tính tạm thời, diễn ra xung quanh thời điểm nói

I am quite busy these days I am building a new house.

Diển tả một kế hoạch, một dự định trong tương lai gần,một sự sắp xếp trước lúc nói

He is coming next week.

Time expressions ( Cụm từ thời gian)

 Now, right now, at present, at the moment, still

Today, this week, these days, this term, this year, this summer, nowadays…

 Look! Be quite! Don’t make noise! Listen! Watch out! Keep silent

* Lưu ý: Không dùng thì hiện tại tiếp diễn với các từ chỉ nhận thức, tri giác như: to

be, see, hear, understand, know, like, want, glance, feel, think, smell, love, hate,

realize, seem, remember, forget…

I am tired now

She wants to go for a walk at the moment.

c The past simple tense ( Thì quá khứ đơn)

Form ( Cấu trúc)

I, we, you, they, he,

she, it

V e d

V 2 Use (Cách dùng)

 Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra và chấm dứt trong quá khứ, thời gian được xác định rõ

Tom went to Paris last week.

 Diễàn tả một hành động diễn ra suốt một khoảng thời gian trong quá khứ, nhưng nay đã hoàn toàn chấm dứt

She worked as a secretary for five years and now she is a teacher.

Time expressions ( Cụm từ thời gian)

 Yesterday, yesterday morning, in the past, in 1985, when I was young, when I was a child…

 Last: last night, last year, last month, last summer

 Ago: two days ago, three weeks ago, a month ago

d The past continuous tense ( Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn)

Form ( Cấu trúc)

Use (Cách dùng)

Hành động đã diễn ra và kéo dài một thời gian ở quá khứ

Yesterday, Mr John was working in the laboratory all the afternoon.

I, we, you, they Vinf

He, she, it, Vs/es

Trang 2

Hành động đang xảy ra vào một thời điểm trong quá khứ.

I was doing my homework at 6:00 last Sunday.

Hành động đang diễn ra trong quá khứ thì có một hành động khác xen vào (hành động nào kéo dài hơn ta dùng Past continuous, hành động ngắn hơn dùng Past simple)

When I came yesterday, he was sleeping.

Lưu ý: Không dùng các động từ chỉ nhận thức, tri giác Thay vào đó ta dùng thì

Past simple

I felt tired at that time.

Time expressions ( Cụm từ thời gian)

 At 6:00 yesterday, at this time yesterday, at the time last week, at that time…

e The present perfect tense ( Thì hiện tại hoàn thành)

Form ( Cấu trúc)

Use (Cách dùng)

Diễn tả một hành động, một sự việc vừa mới xảy ra

I have just seen my sister in the park.

Diễn tả một hành động lập đi lập lại nhiều lần trong quá khứ mà không biết rỏ thời gian cụ thể trong quá khứ Hành động có thể tiếp tục xảy ra ở hiện tại và tương lai

I have seen that film several times.

Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ kéo dài đến hiện tại và có thể xảy ra trong tương lai

Mary has lived in this house for ten years.

Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ mà không rỏ thời gian

I have lost my keys.

Diển tả hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ mà kết quả vẫn còn ở hiện tại

He has had lunch (He is full now.)

Time expressions ( Cụm từ thời gian)

 Just, recently, lately, already, never, ever, yet, so far, until now, up to now, for ages, for a long time, up to the present, how long,in the last few years…

Lưu ý: Các trạng từ trên chỉ được dùng kèm với thì hiện tạ hoàn thành trong các

câu đơn Nếu câu từ hai mệnh đềø trở lên thì ta phải dựa vào ngữ cảnh chứ không chỉ dựa vào các trạng từ đó.)

f The past perfect tense

Form ( Cấu trúc)

I we you they he

(Phủ định: had not = hadn’t; Nghi vấn: Had S PP?)

Use (Cách dùng)

Thì quá khứ hoàn thành dùng để diễõn tả một hành động xảy ra, hoàn thànhtrước một hành động, một thời điểm khác trong quá khứ

Time expressions ( Cụm từ thời gian)

By + (the past time): by 2003, by last year

By the time + clause: by the time we got there, by the time you went to bad…

Before, after, when, already

g The future simple tense (Thì tương lai đơn)

(Phủ định: will not = won’t; Nghi vấn Will S Vo?)

Use ( Cách dùng)

Diễn tả một hành động sẽ xảy ra ở tương lai

He will come back next week

Diễàn tẩ một lời hứa, một dự đoán, một ý kiến, một quyết định tức thời, một ngỏ ý

I will give you a phone to night.

Time expressions ( Cụm từ thời gian)

Next: next week, next month, next summer…

Someday, soon, in 2050, in two weeks, in three days, tomorrow…

I think, I am sure…

B PHẦN THỰC HÀNH

I, we, you, they, he,

Trang 3

I The simple present tense

Exercise 1: Rewrite each sentence as a positive, negative , or question :

Example: He (visit) visits _his parents very often.

He doesn’t visit his parents very often

Does he visit his parents very often?

1 He (go) _to School everyday.

2 She (come) _ from Germany

3 Daisy usually (go) _ to work by car.

4 We (watch) TV every night.

5 He (walk) to work every day.

6 He (be) in Ca Mau

7 They (be) students

8 She (wash) _her clothes every Sunday.

9 She (study) _English every day.

10 He (want) _ to become a teacher

Exercise 2: Put the verb in the present simple tense:

1 She usually (walk) _ to school

2 What time Mary usually (get) up every morning?

3 She (not wash) her clothes every weekend

4 _they (be) teachers?

5 It (not be) often cold in summer

6 Tom usually (walk) _ to school

7 He (be) _ a student

8 I (be) _ sixteen years old

9 They (be) very friendly

10 He often (wash) the car at weekends

11 What time you often (get) up every morning?

12 she (like) English?

13 Every week she (go) to visit her parents

14 What time your father usually (get) _ up?

15 We (not go) to school on Sundays

16 We (not be) _very lazy

17 The Earth (go) _around the Sun

18 I (visit) _my parents very often

19 _he (go) _to school every day?

20 _she (come) _from Japanese?

Exercise 1: Rewrite each sentence as a positive, negative , or question :

Example: She (read) is reading _at the moment.

She isn’t reading at the moment

Is she reading at the moment?

1 He (watch) TV right now.

2 At present they (sit) _ in the class.

3 This year we (learn) _ English.

4 Look! Peter (play) football in the schoolyard.

5 Be quiet! The baby (sleep) _.

6 Look! The man (smoke) there.

7 She (write) _ to her parents now.

8 My father (work) _in the garden at the moment.

9 John (listen) _ to the radio now.

10 He (play) _chess at the moment.

Exercise 2: Put the verb in the present continuous tense:

1 The workers (work) in the firm at the moment

2 Please be quite! You (make) _ _so much noise so I can’t concentrate

3 Tony (have) _ _a bath at the moment

4 Listen! He (read) _a story by Shakespeare

5 At present Richard (study) _in London

6 This term I (study) _philosophy and economics

7 Janet (have) _a shower at the moment

8 They (not/study) _at present

9 Yukiko (have) _a bath now

10 We (make) _a cake at the moment

11 Jane (watch) _television at the moment

12 Look! The boy (cry)

13 Alice and Mary (put) _ the dishes away right now

14 The farmer (work) _ in the field now

Trang 4

15 Look! It (snow) _.

16 Phong (sleep) _ right now

17 Mother (cook) some food in the kitchen at present

18 Just a minute! I (look up) that word in the dictionary

19 _you (write) a letter now?

20 They (not read) books in the sitting room right now

21 Look! They (play) _ football

22 She (sweep) _ the floor now

23 What she (do) now?

24 She (wash) the clothes at the moment

25 Listen! Peter and Daisy (sing) now

26 My brother (not watch) _TV now He (wash) his car

27 He (study) _ English this month

28 you (work) in the garden now?

29 Peter (talk) to Susan now

30 She (listen) _to the radio in her bedroom at the moment

Exercise 1: Rewrite each sentence as a positive, negative , or question :

Example: He (watch) watched a good programme on TV last night.

He didn’t watch a good programme on TV last night

Did he watch a good programme last night?

1 Mary (go) _ shopping for me yesterday.

2 The policeman (drive) away ten minutes ago.

3 The biscuit factory (close) last year.

4 The headmaster (come) _ to the school in 1985.

5 You (spend) a lot of money last month.

6 I last (go) to Spain in 1990.

7 The boy (finish) _their homework yesterday.

8 Rolf (buy) _ the leather jacket last week.

9 I (have) a little trouble with my car last week.

10 She (wash) her clothes last night.

Exercise 2: Put the verb in the past simple tense:

1 They (begin) to study at this school 7 years ago

2 She (lose) her handbag on the train yesterday morning

3 We (visit) _ that city last year

4 Peter and Daisy (be) born in 1978

5 you (spend) _ your holiday in Dalat last summer?

6 She (clean) _the bicycle yesterday

7 They (start) school in 1998

8 My friend and I (go) to the seaside last week

9 We (spend) _ hours on the beach last Sunday

10 He (be) in Ha Noi last year

11 His father (die) _ in 1930

12 Lincoln (work) in this factory three years ago

13 I (do) _my homework last night

14 Miss White (write) to her father last Monday

15 My parents (buy) _the car last year

16 Hoa (read) _the book yesterday

17 He (listen) _to the radio last night

18 We (watch) _ a good programme on TV last night

19 Mary (go) _shopping for me yesterday

20 I (be) _ in Ha Noi last month

21 My parents (go) _to HCM city last week

22 Yesterday we (have) _a meeting at our school

23 Mary (meet) _her parents two week ago

24 She (be) _born in 1992

25 What you (do) _last night

26 Last summer I (study) _English in Can Tho City

27 She (not visit) _her son last week

28 In 1997 there (be) _a terrible storm

29 They (build) _the house twenty years ago

30 John (do not) _come to my birthday party last Sunday

Exercise 1: Rewrite each sentence as a positive, negative , or question :

Example: At this time yesterday they (play) were playing _ football.

At this time yesterday they were not playing football.

Trang 5

At this time yesterday were they playing football?

1 At this time yesterday we (play) tennis in the schoolyard.

2 At 7:00 pm yesterday (watch) TV.

3 Yesterday while my father (watch) _ TV, my mother (read) the newspaper,

my sister (do) _her homework and I (play) chess with my friend

4 What were you doing when I phoned you? I (have) a bath.

5 She (do) her homework at the time yesterday.

6 Marry (water) the flowers at 3:00 p.m yesterday.

7 They (visit) the zoo at ten o’clock yesterday.

8 Peter and I (do) _the exercise at this time last night.

9 Last night my father (feed) the pigeons at 7:00.

10 At this time last year we (learn) _English in London.

Exercise 2: Put the verb in the past simple tense or the past continuous:

1 When I (arrive) at this house, he still (sleep)

(stand) at the bus stop

7 The children (play) _ football when their mother (come) _back home

8 The bell (ring) while Tom (take) _ a bath

9 He (sit) in a car when I (see) him

(come) _yesterday

Exercise 1: Rewrite each sentence as a positive, negative , or question :

Example: She (be) has been here for several days

She has not been here for several days.

Has she been here for several days?

1 Tom (see) this film before.

2 I (finish) my exercise already.

3 They (live) here since 1990.

4 My father (just wash) his car.

5 The students (discuss) the question recently.

6 Mary (never, be) to Ha Noi.

7 We (know) each other for 5 years.

8 So far we (learn) five lessons.

9 We (be) pen pals for a long time.

10 They (stay) here since last week.

Exercise 2:

1 Bob (see) this movie before

2 Sandra (lend) her brother $ 200 so far

3 Rashid (just pass) his driving test

4 Karen (study) Italian for three years now and is still studying

5 The teacher (already, tell) to be quite

6 Tim (not, take) many photos yet

7 Jorge (read) the newspaper already

8 We (not begin) _ to study for the test yet

9 John and I (be) pen pals for nearly 3 years

10 He (wear) _ the same coat since he (move) _ here

11 I (not see) _ your brother recently

12 They (not contact) _ to each other for a long time

13 How long _you (study) English?

14 How many times _ you (see) _him since he went to Edinburgh?

15 Who is that woman? I (never/ see) _ her before

16 We (be) from French We (be) there for 20 years

Trang 6

17 I (see) that film several times because I like it.

18 Mary (lose) _ her hat for 2 days

19 He (not finish) _ doing it yet

20 He (not see) him since Christmas

21 (live) _in Ho Chi Minh City since 1975

22 He (just see) her

23 They (already show) _ the film

24 I’m sorry the car is not here I (just sell) it

25 The Bakers (be) in New York for 3 months

26 My brother (use) this computer for 2 years

27 They (live) in this street for a long time

28 Mr Green (teach) French since he left London in 1997

29 She (not speak) _ to me since last week

30 Up to now, Hoa (work) _ very hard

1. Yesterday they (go) _ home after they (finish) their work

2. When we came to the stadium, the match (already start) _

3. Many people (move) _ to the new place before the storm occurred

4. I sat down ant rested after they (go) _

5. Before he died, he (be) _ ill for several days

6. Last night before he (watch) _ TV, he (do) _ the exercise

7. She went to the department after her (clean) _ the floor

8. When I got to the party, they (go) _ home

9. By the time the police arrived, the house (be) _ burned down

10. By last year, twenty schools in this province (be) _ built

Exercise 1: Put the verb in the future simple tense.

1 you (take) _ at trip to London next week

2 She (water) _ the flowers next month

3 They (build) a new bridge in this province next year

4 Tomorrow she (send) _ the letter to Ha Hoi

5 In 2010 she (move) _ to live in Ho Chi Minh City

6 I (meet) _ my parents in an hour

7 I think it (be) _ sunny tomorrow

8 I am sure he (pass) _ the exam

9 I (stay) _ at home if it rains

10 He (send) the letter when he goes to the post office

Exercise 1: Put the verbs in brackets in the present simple or the present continuous tense:

1 My father (have) coffee for breakfast every day

2 His sister (study) in a shoe store this summer

3 The students (look) _ up that new word now

4 Mary (go) to school every day

5 They (do) this exercise at the moment

6 Ms Eden (read) _ a newspaper now

7 It (rain) very much in the summer It (rain) _ now

8 Bad students never (study) hard

9 He generally (sing) in English, but today he (sing) in Spanish

10 We seldom (eat) before 6.30

11 She sometimes (buy) _vegetables at his market

12 We always (do) _ our exercises carefully

13 Look! A man (run) after the train He (want) _ to catch it

14 It (be) very cold now

15 John (travel) to England tomorrow

16 I (need) some money for my textbooks

17 Tom (like) to go to the museums

18 Mary (love) ice-cream

19 My mother (cook) some food in the kitchen at present She always (cook) inthe mornings

20 I often (leave) the city at weekends

21 The guests (watch) the TV programes now

22 The sun (set) in the west

23 My friend (study) English for an hour every night

24 Listen! I (hear) _ someone knocking at the front door

Trang 7

25 I (do) an exercise on the present tense at the moment and I (think) that I (know) _how to use it now.

Exercise 1: Put the verbs in brackets in the present perfect or the simple past tense.

1 We (never watch) that TV programme

2 We (watch) a good programme on TV last night

3 He (read) that novel many times before

4 He (read) that novel again last vacation

5 I (have) a little trouble with my car last week

6 However, I (have) no trouble with my car since then

7 I (not see) John for a long time I (see) him 3 weeks ago

8 He is very thirsty He (not drink) since this morning

9 They (study) at this school for 7 years now

10 They (begin) to study at this school 7 years ago

11 How long ago he (start) to learn French?

12 She (lose) her handbag on the train yesterday morning

13 His dog (just run) out of the garden

14 Mr Brown (travel) by air several times in the past

15 He (travel) _ to Mexico by air last summer

Exercise: Put the verbs in brackets in the past simple or the past continuous tense.

1 He (sit) in a bar when I (see) him

2 When I (go) out, the sun (shine)

3 The light (go) out while I (have) tea

4 While he (learn) to drive, he (have) an accident

5 We (walk) to the station when it (begin) to rain

6 He (have) a bad fall when he (repair) his roof

7 It (start) to rain when we (play) football in the schoolyard yesterday

8 He (eat) three sandwiches while you (talk) to him

9 The servant (drop) _ two cups while she (wash up) last night

10 While he (write) a letter, the telephone (ring)

11 Last night we (watch) TV when the power (fail)

12 When I (stand) at the bus stop, I (see) an accident

13 Yesterday I (walk) to school when I (find) a wallet on the street

14 When I (have) dinner yesterday, Peter (come) to our house

15 The thief (steal) the bike when Mai (look) for some books in the shop

Exercise: Put the verbs in brackets in the past simple or the past perfect tense.

1 They (go) home after they (finish) their study

2 Yesterday when I (arrive) to the party, the (already go) home

3 After the guests (leave) , she (go) back into the living-room and (switch) off the light

4 On arrival at home I (find) that she (just leave) just a few minutes before

5 Before he (go) to bad, he (do) his homework

6 When they (get) to the place, the man (die)

7 He (do) _ nothing before he (see) _ me

8 He (thank) me for what I (do) for him

9 I (be) sorry that I (hurt) him

10 After they (go) , I (sit) down and (rest)

11 When I (arrive) _, the dinner (already, begin)

12 My friend (not see) _ me for many years when I (meet) _ last week

13 He (learn) English before he (leave) for England

14 In England, he soon (remember) all he (learn) before

15 They (tell) him they (not meet) him before

16 He (ask) why we (come) so early

17 She (say) that she (already, see) _ Dr Rice

18 By the time Bill (get) there, the meeting (start)

19 When we (arrive) at our place, we (find) that a burglar (break) in

20 Almost everybody (leave) _ for home by the time we (arrive) _

Exercise: Put the verbs in brackets in the simple present or the simple future tense.

1 We (go) out when the rain (stop)

2 I (stay) _ here until he (answer) me

3 Wait until I (catch) you

4 I (be) _ ready before you (count) _ ten

Trang 8

5 John must eat his breakfast before he (go) out.

6 Miss Helen (help) you as soon as she (finish) that letter

7 He (tell) _ you when you (get) there

8 She (not come) until you (be) _ ready

9 He (tell) you when you (ask) him

10 I (come) _ and (see) you before I (leave) _ for England

Exercise 1: Put the verb in the brackets in the correct tense.

1 We seldom (eat) before 7 am

2 I (not see) him since I (meet) him 2 months ago

3 Listen! I (think) _ someone (knock) _ the door

4 I (get) _ up early the day before yesterday

5 The earth (circle) the sun once every 365 days

6 you (watch) _ TV last night?

7 The workers (work) _ in the firm at the moment

8 How many times _ you (see) him since he went to Edinburgh?

9 Rivers usually (flow) to the sea

10 Look! The boy (cry) _

11 Do you know that man, who (smoke) _ there

12 Mrs Green always (go) _to work by bus

13 We (be) from French We (be) there for 20 years

14 I (move) to another town next week

15 I (see) that film several times because I like it

16 She always (go) _ go to bed before her mother does

17 Mary (lose) _ her hat for 2 days

18 you (take) _ a trip to London next week?

19 She rarely (take) a bath before dinner

20 He (not finish) _ doing it yet

21 He (not see) him since Christmas

22 In what year _ World War II (break) out?

23 The sun (set) in the West

24 They (live) _ in Ho Chi Minh City since 1975

25 He (come) _ here once 2 years ago

26 We will go out when it (stop) _raining

27 She (read) all the books written by Dickens How many books _ you (read)

_?

28 Alice and Mary (put) _ the dishes away right now

29 What you (do) _ at 10 am yesterday?

30 She (finish) her homework recently

31 He (just see) her

32 They (already show) _ the film

33 I’m sorry the car is not here I (just sell) it

34 When _you (buy) your bicycle?

35 I (know) _Jack since we (be) _ students but I (not meet) _ him since we (leave) _ school in 1998

36 The Bakers (be) in New York for 3 months

37 you (spend) _ your holiday in Da lat last summer?

38 We (visit) _ that city last year

39 The farmer (work) _ in the field now

40 John (see) that film sometimes

41 My brother (use) this computer for 2 years

42 Mr Green (buy) a new tractor last month

43 They (live) in this street for a long time

44 My brother (play) _ football at the moment

45 Mr Green (teach) French since he left London in 1997

46 She often (go) _ to school by bicycle but yesterday she (go) by bus

47 Look! It (snow) _

48 She (not speak) _ to me since last week

49 Up to now, Hoa (work) _ very hard

50 HCM city (be) the largest city in Vietnam

51 They (hold) the meeting recently

52 Phong (sleep) _ right now

53 He (live) in Hanoi since 2002

54 Long ago, my young brother often (cry) _ at night

55 you (see) _ him recently?

56 He (finish) his work since yesterday

Trang 9

57 Peter and Daisy (be) born in 1978.

58 Please be quite! You (make) so much noise so I can’t concentrate

59 Look A man (run) after the train He (want) _ to catch it

60 It (be) very cold now

61 We (go) _ to the theatre last night

62 He usually (write) in green ink

63 She (play) _ the piano when our guests (arrive) _ last night

64 We (do) English exercise at the moment

65 She (just come) in and (see) you in 5 minutes

66 I (come) _ as soon as my study is finished (You be) ready?

67 Where (you go) for your holiday last year?

68 I (not leave) Paris since we (go) _ to Dieppe three years ago

69 My mother (come) to stay with us next weekend

70 We (meet) only yesterday and (already decide) to get married

71 I (never see) snow

72 Violets (bloom) in spring

73 We (not live) _ in England for the last two months

74 I (lose) my keys; I cannot remember where I last (see) them

75 He (not arrive) when I (write) my last letter to you

76 Whenever you (go) _ to town nowadays, you (spend) _ a lot of money

77 I (never forget) what you (just tell) me

78 They (prepare) the Christmas dinner today

79 I (not see) John for a long time I (see) him 3 weeks ago

80 He is very thirsty He (not drink) since this morning

81 Look at those black clouds It (rain) _

82 We (not see) _ her since we (be) _ on holiday in Ha Long bay

83 Phuong (not finish) _ her homework yet

84 Would you like some coffee? I just (make) _ some

85 No one (use) _ this car for several years

86 Last night when we (visit) _ him, he (do) _ an experiment on the upstairs

87 The sewing machine which you (use) _ at present (invent) _ in 1830 by French

88 I (not see) your uncle recently - No He (not go) _ out since he (buy) _ a new color television

89 My uncle just (open) _ a new internet house on Trang Thi street

90 Her grandfather (die) _ 20 years ago She (never meet) _ him

91 Linh's brother (lose) _ his job last month and since then he (be) _ out of work

92 You (see) _ Mrs Chi lately? - Yes I (see) _ her at the school gate three days ago

93 The door won't open unless you (push) _ it hard

94 As soon as I (have) _ enough money, I'll buy a new car

95 I (not use) _ the car this evening, so you can have it

96 I (walk) _ along the street when I suddenly (feel) _ something hit me in the back I(not know) _ what it was

97 It (be) cold when we (leave) _ the house that day, and a light snow (fall) _

98 I (not see) _ Daisy for ages When I last (see) _ him, he (try) _ to find a job

in London

99 I (walk) _ along the street when suddenly I (hear) _ footsteps behind me

Somebody (follow) _ me I was frightened and I (start) _ to run

100 When I was young, I (want) _to be a bus diver

101 I wish I (not be) here now

102 They (practice) _ their music lesson at 7 o'clock last night

103 Thu (look) _after her little brother next Sunday

104 This book (just publish) _by Kim Dong publisher

105 The kids (sleep) when the bell rang

106 Who you (talk) _to on the phone now, Minh?

107 Where your new friend (live) , Nga? - She (live) on Hang Bac Street

108 You (be) free next Sunday morning, Tan? - No, I and my brother _(visit) our grandparents

109 Trang (not be) in her room at the moment She (cook) in the

kitchen

110 Lien (not go) to the movie theater tomorrow She (stay) _at home and watch TV

111 Take these pills and you (feel) better then, Ba!

112 Minh (not visit) the museum with his class last Sunday because he (catch) a cold

113 The Pikes (move) to London since 2002

114 The students (play) _badminton at the moment

115 Ba and Phong (know) each other quite well for years

116 The phone (ring) _at midnight last night

Trang 10

117 The Brown (travel) to Asia many times.

118 What you (do) last weekend? - I (go) to the theater with my family

119 John and I (be) _pen pals for nearly three years

120 We used (write) to each other every month when we (be) at secondary school

121 Minh (know) a little English, so she (wish) she (can)

_speak it fluently

122 Maria (stay) _with us at the moment She (be) _my sister's friend

123 My mother (wash) the dishes while we (clean) the floor

124 Listen! The teacher (explain) the lesson

125 Viet Nam (have) _a lot of mountains and there (be) _many tall and big trees there

126 Lan (borrow) _some books from the library since Monday

127 Uyen (take) _a bus to school every day

128 Farmers often (harvest) _their crops in August

129 They (leave) Hanoi for HCM City yesterday

130 You look tired You (work) _hard?

Exercise 2: Choose the best answer.

1 Water at 100 degree Centigrade

2 George to the movies very often

A not go B don’t go C doesn’t go D not to

3 How many languages ?

A do you speak B are you speak C are you speaking D will you speak

4 The swimming pool at 9.00 am and at 6.30 pm

A open/ close B opens / closes C opens/ close D open / closes

5 Excuse me! I for a phone book Is there one here?

A is looking B are looking C am looking D looking

6 Would you like a cigarette? No, thanks, I

A not smoke B doesn’t smoke C don’t smoke D am not smoke

7 Listen! Can you hear those people next door? They

A is yelling B are yelling C yells D yell

8 Why your coat today? It’s very warm today

A are you wear B do you wear C you are wearing D are you wearing

9 Where is Peter? He a bath

A is talking B taking C is taking D is takeing

10 I your telephone number

A not know B don’t know C don’t knew D am not knowing

11 Bad students never hard

12 The farmers in the field now

13 Do you know the man who there?

A is smoking B are smoking C smoke D smokes

14 Those children for 2 hours every afternoon

A sleep B sleeps C is sleeping D are sleeping

15 Light faster than sound

A travels B travels C travel D is travelling

16 At present, that author a historical novel

A is writing B write C are writing D writes

17 Look! The policeman after a pick pocket

A are running B is running C runs D is runing

18 He usually his work before 5 o’clock

A finish B finishes C is finishing D finishing

19 They to Ha Long for their last summer vacation

20 She to brush her teeth yesterday

A forget B forgot C forgetting D was forgetting

21 Ba his room yesterday afternoon

A clean and tidy B cleaned and tidied C cleaned and tidy

22 What yesterday at 10.20 pm?

A are you doing B was you doing C were you doing D did you do

23 You looked very busy when I (see) you last night What you (do) _?

A see/ did you do B saw/ are you doing C saw/ were you doing

24 He us to go out in the boat yesterday as a strong wind

A not allow/ blow B didn’t allow/ was blowing C don’t allow/ were blowing

25 The boys broke a window when they football

playing

26 Mr John to Los Angeles in 1992

Trang 11

27 Why you come yesterday?

couldn’t

28 While I was going to school yesterday, I him

29 I about him when suddenly he came in

A talk B talked C am talking D was talking

30 It began to rain when they basket ball at 4.00

CONDITIONAL SENTENCE

A PHẦN LÝ THUYẾT

I Conditional sentence type 1

Form

If-clause

The present simple

, Main clause

S will V 0

If I have time, I will help you.

I will help you if I have time.

If I meet her, I will give her the letter.

II Conditional sentence type 2

Form

If-clause

,

Main clause The past

*would = could, would, should; to be : were Use

Điều kiện loại 2 dùng để diễn tả một điều kiện không có thật ở hiện tại và khó có thể xảy ra trong tương lai

If I were you, I would come there.

I would come there if I were you.

I don’t know the answer If I knew the answer, I would tell you.

III Conditional sentence type 3

S Would have PP

The past perfect

* would = could, should, might Use

Điều kiện loại 3 dùng để diễn tả một điều kiện không có thật ở quá khứ

He would have passed the exam if he had studied hard.

If he had studied hard, he would have passed the exam.

I didn’t go to school If I had gone to school, I would have met my classmates.

IV Unless = If … not ( Trừ khi= Nếu … không)

Trang 12

Thể phủ

Khẳng định( Mệnh đề chính không thay

đổi)

Thể khẳng

Khẳng định(Mệnh đề chính đổi sangthể ngược lại)

If you don’t study hard, you will fail the exam.

 Unless you study hard, you will fail the exam.

If she doesn’t water these trees, they will die.

 Unless she waters these trees, they will die

If I have time, I will help you.

 Unless I have more time, I won’t help you

B PHẦN THỰC HÀNH

I Conditional sentence type 1

Put the verb in the brackets in the correct form:

Example: If it (rain) rains , we (not go) _will not go _to the cinema.

2 If the weather (be) _nice tomorrow, we (drive)

to our farm

3 If we (send) this message now, they (receive)

9 She (do) it if she (promise) you

10 What you (do) if you (not have)

money?

11 The kitchen (look) better if we (have)

red curtains

II Conditional sentence type 2

Put the verb in the brackets in the correct form:

Example: If he (know) _knew _ the truth, he (not behave) would not behave like

9 If I (be) you, I (tell) the truth

10 If I (have) enough time now, I (write)

to my parents

11 If I (know) his address, I (go) round and see him

III Conditional sentence type 3

Put the verb in the brackets in the correct form:

Example: If you (not be) _had not been so busy, I (show) would have shown you

how to play.

Trang 13

1 I (understand) him if he (speak)

more slowly

2 T (be) glad if he (visit) me in hospital

got one more mark

4 I (tell) you if you (ask) me

5 If I (know) that you were in hospital, I (visit) you

6 What you (tell) _ her if you (meet)

9 If she (have) enough money, she (buy)

a new car

10 You (not watch) the film if you (not have) a ticket

IV Mixed types

Put the verb in the brackets in the correct form:

Example: If I (have) have time, I will write to him.

a holiday?

5 I will go to the party unless it (rain)

6 If I got up earlier, I (not be) late for work

7 If I didn’t feel so tired, I (go) .out withyou

you take it again?

have visited you

work tomorrow

very tired

had known the reason

(feel) worse

(go) somewhere else

we won’t go out

(take care) of it

(get in)

(not let) you go

(catch) the train

23 If Tom _ (ring), tell him I will phone him

Trang 14

24 If I (know) that you didn’t like fish, I wouldn’t have bought it.

_better, I (come) _to class yesterday

_it was your birthday yesterday

tomorrow, I (go) for a walk

enough time, I (go) to the park

_that sentence, I (explain) it to you

night, I (go) to see you

situation?

less mean, she (not leave) _him

now, we (miss) the rush hour traffic

much money But I don’t think you ever will

window, we (not give) them the opportunity to break in

to his proposal

(come) to help you

back the capital punishment

39 The only thing I haven’t got is a garden If I (have) one, I (grow) a lot of flowers

late for the train

next meeting

Second World War

me, won’t you?

a cat, the mice (disappear)

Exercise 2:

Example: If I were you, I that job.

a would apply for b will ask for c will have changed d can take

1 If I _ a wish, I’d wish for happiness for my family

2 If I an astronaut traveling in a cabin, I’d not be annoyed by the weightlessness

3 What happen if you come late for the meeting tomorrow?

4 If there were no gravity, water never run downhill

5 If you _ Henry, ask him to come and see me

6 Unless you _ quiet, I’ll scream

7 I’ll be able to speak English well if I _ hard

a studied b have studied c had studied d study

8 If I could speak Spanish, I _ next year studying in Mexico

a would spend b had spent c would have spent d will spend

9 If I you, I _ his invitation

a am/ will refuse b were/ would refuse c was/ will refuse d had been/ would have refused

10 If my father here now, he would help me

Trang 15

11 She can’t get home _ she has no money.

12 If he _ yesterday, he would be here with us tomorrow night

a finished it b had finished it c finishes it d has finished it

13 If an object is let off in the cabin of a spaceship, it

a floated b is floating c will float d would float

14 _we find new sources, we will soon run out of energy

15 Unless we throwing garbage into the river, it will be polluted

a stop b don’t stop c will stop d won’t stop

16 If the questions not too difficult, we them

a were/ could answer b are/ could answer c were/ can answer d are/ can answer

17 If you were not sick, with us?

a will you come b would you come c do you come d are you coming

18 If they didn’t live so far away, I _ them every week

a visit b visited c will visit d would visit

19 If you us about the bad service, we’d have eaten there

a didn’t tell b wouldn’t have told c hadn’t told d had told

20 If Allie had come sooner, he dinner with us

a could have eaten b would being eaten c was eating d could eat

21 If it _ convenient, let’s go out for a drink tonight

22 If you time, please write to me

23 I shouldn’t go there at night if I you

24 If I a pole, I’ll go fishing

25 If they had enough time, they head south

26 If you had the chance, you go fishing?

27 if you had a choice, which country would you visit?

28 If I found a wallet in the street, I take it to police

29 I don’t really want to go to their party, but I probably will go They would be offended if _go

30 What would you do if you a million pounds

31 I’m not tired enough to go to bed yet I wouldn’t sleep if I to bed now

32 I that coat if I were you

a wouldn’t buy b didn’t buy c don’t buy d won’t buy

33 If you here yesterday, you me

a were/would meet b had been/would meet c were/would have met d had

been/would have met

34 If I was offered the job, I think I it

a take b will take c would take d would have taken

35 I would be very surprised if he

a refuses b refused c had refused d would refuse

36 Many people would be out of work if that factory down

37 If she sold her car, she much money

38 They would be disappointed if we

a hadn’t come b wouldn’t come c don’t come d didn’t come

39 Would George be angry if I his bicycle without asking?

40 She terribly upset if I lost this ring

Exercise 3: Rewrite the following sentence

1 I am poor; I can’t travel around the world

If I were not poor, I could travel around the world

2 I feel so ill, I don’t go to work 

3 I don’t have much time; I can’t learn all my favorite subjects 

Trang 16

4 I am not a millionaire, I can’t help all people 

5 The accident happened because the driver in front stopped so suddenly 

6 I didn’t wake up because I didn’t know you wanted to get up early 

7 I had a cold because I walked in the rain 

8 She didn’t buy the watch because she didn’t bring enough money with her 

9 They didn’t sell the house because their children wanted to keep it 

10 Mrs White fell down because she was too weak 

11 He failed because he didn’t do the exams well 

12 She couldn’t come because she had to work overtime 

13 He couldn’t hear you well because you spoke so softly 

14 I couldn’t answer the phone because I was having a bath 

15 He doesn’t have the money and he cannot afford a new car 

16 Susan felt sick because she ate 4 cream cakes 

17 We didn’t know your phone number, so we could not contact you 

18 The price of petrol was raised last month, so car sales have dropped again 

19 I cannot go to the beach with you this weekend because I have a date with my own classmates 

20 She didn’t hurry, so she missed the train 

21 I never get very lonely because I have lots of good friends 

22 We didn’t go on holiday because we didn’t have enough time 

23 We got lost because we didn’t have enough time 

24 The match can be cancelled because it rains heavily 

25 He lost all his money because he wasn’t careful 

26 Because Simon doesn’t live near his mother, he can’t visit her often 

27 His parents were very disappointed because he failed his final examination 

28 If you hadn’t told me about Sue’s hair, I wouldn’t have noticed Unless

29 If you don’t take morning exercise, you will be weak Unless

30 If you don’t see that film, you will be sorry Unless

31 You will get lost if you don’t take a map with you Unless

32 They will kill him if he doesn’t tell them the truth Unless

33 If we don’t protect the forest, the environment will be soon destroyed Unless

34 I will wait her if she calls me Unless

35 I will choose that blue jacket if isn’t too expensive Unless

36 If it doesn’t rain, we will go for a walk Unless

37 I will buy a bike if I don’t go on holiday  Unless

38 I will visit them if I have enough time.Unless

39 I don’t have free time, so I can’t go to see him 

40 She didn’t explain him the situation, so he didn’t understand it 

41 I don’t know enough about the machine, so I can’t mend it myself 

42 I don’t ride the work every morning because it’s always crowded 

43 Not enough money is spent on cancer research, so prevention has not been found 

44 The wind is blowing so hard, so I won’t take the boat for a ride 

45 Nick can’t find the way because he hasn’t got a map 

PASSIVE VOICE

A PHAÀN LYÙ THUYEÁT

S + V + O

Trang 17

S + Be +V3/ED by O

The simple

O

O The future simple S Will V0 O S will be Ved/3 by O

The present

continuous S is/ am/ are VING O S Ved/3 is /am /are being by O

The past

ING

The present

ed/3

by O

B PHẦN THỰC HÀNH

I Passive voice: The simple present tense

Example: The secretary opens the mail every morning. The mail is opened every morning by the

secretary.

1 People don’t use this road very often  This road

2 I wash the dishes in the evening  The dishes

3 He often does exercises every night  Exercises

4 She usually decorates the room at weekends The room

5 Daisy always sings country songs  Country songs

6 She often give her sister sweets  Her sister

7 Nam and Peter often water these trees.These trees

8 They produce cars in this country  Cars

9 We don’t allow smoking in this restaurant  Smoking

10 Do pupils clean the room every day?  Is

II Passive voice: The Past simple tense Example: To Hoai wrote the story  The story was written by To Hoai 1 The waiters cleaned the rooms last night  The rooms

2 They caught the elephant again  The elephant

3 She bought the watch at the shop  The watch

4 They built the house in 1950  The house

5 We did the exercises last week  Exercises

6 The pupils sent the letters the day before yesterday  The letters

7 He learned the lesson two week ago  The lesson

8 Nguyen Du wrote Kieu story  Kieu story

9 She made the cake last night  The cake

10 Daisy washed the dishes last night  The dishes

III Passive voice: The future simple tense Example: The army will complete that project next year  That project will be completed by the army next year. 1 They won’t punish him  He

2 They will ask you a lot of question at the interview  You

3 They will give her a new one  She

4 Tom will visit his parents next month  His parents

5 Some people will interview the new president on TV  The new presidents

6 They will finish the work next week  The work

7 Somebody will call Mr David tonight  Mr David

8 The State will assign our students to different jobs  Our students

9 When will you do the work?  When

10 He won’t tell me the truth about the situation  The truth about the situation

IV Passive voice: The present continuous tense

Trang 18

Example: She is cleaning the house The house is being cleaned by her.

1 My friends are eating an orange  An orange

2 They are watching the film  The film

3 We are doing the exercises  The exercise

4 She is cutting the paper right now  The paper

5 They are singing the songs in the room  The songs

6 We are reading the book now  The book

7 The students are discussing the questions  The questions

8 My father is repairing my bike  My bike

9 She is cooking the meal in the kitchen now  The meal

10 About thirty thousand people are watching this program  This program

V Passive voice: The past continuous tense Example: She was picking the flowers at 3:00 pm yesterday  The flowers were being picked by her at 3:00.pm yesterday 1 He was painting the house when I came  The house

2 The teacher was reading the book when we came  The book

3 Mary’s mother was washing the clothes  The clothes

4 Her friends were drinking coffee at the cafe  Coffee

5 He was boiling the eggs when I saw him  The eggs

6 His brother was painting the door  The door

7 Thu was waiting for him at the school  He

8 We were doing the exercises  The exercises

9 They were painting the gate of the school  The gate of the school

10 They were doing the bedroom on Friday  The bedroom

VI Passive voice: The present perfect tense Example: His boss has transferred him to another department He has been transferred to another department by his boss. 1 They have taken her to the hospital  She

2 They have cancelled the meeting  The meeting

3 Someone has moved my chair  My chair

4 Someone has given him a lot of money  He

5 We have invited all the students in the school  All the students

6 We have told him not to be late again  He

7 Our teachers have explained the English grammar  The English grammar

8 Have you finished the above sentences?  Have above sentences

9 The police have arrested the mugger  The mugger

10 The police have arrested five suspects Five suspects

VII Passive voice: The past perfect tense Example: They had printed the book before 1950  The book had been printed by them before 1950

1 She had mended the bicycle  The bicycle

2 They had exported the rice before May  The rice

3 I had waited her before I came here  She

4 No one had met me before I left  I

5 He hadn’t eaten the cakes  The cakes

6 They had cleaned the car by 3 p.m  The car

7 My friend had bought the house before 1990  The house

8 Had he asked some questions?  Had some question

9 I had studied the tenses before May  The tenses

10 The school boys had wasted a lot of time  A lot of time

VIII Passive voice: Modal verb Example: You should brush our teeth twice a day  Our teeth should be brushed twice a day

Trang 19

1 He might have caught the fish  The fish

2 She could have washed the dress  The dress

3 She is not going to pick many flowers  Many flowers

4 Parents should give children a lot of love  children

5 You must wash your hands  Your hands

6 He can speak four languages  Four languages

7 You must keep dogs outside shops  Dogs

8 Children should treat old men with respect  Old men

9 My classmates used to call me John  I

10 He can’t repair my bike  My bike

IX Passive voice: Mixed types Exercise 1: Rewrite the following sentence using passive voice. 1 My father waters this flower every morning 

2 A stone broke the window 

3 The servants didn’t do the work 

4 She often takes her dog for a walk 

5 The army will complete that project next year 

6 They won’t punish him 

7 People don’t use this road very often 

8 The manager always welcomes new employees 

9 We are following them 

10 The airplanes are dropping booms 

11 The keepers were feeding the lions 

12 They have taken her to the hospital 

13 They had fastened his whole body to the ground 

14 The school boys had wasted a lot of time 

15 We write letter to our friend once a week 

16 We clean the garages everyday 

17 Someone has given him a lot of money

18 The police arrested two hundred people 

19 We export this computer to seventy different countries 

20 They have cancelled the meeting 

21 We have invited all the students in the school 

22 They posted all the letters yesterday 

23 The police found two children in the forest 

24 They will hold a meeting before May Day 

25 Mary is cutting the cake with a sharp knife 

26 The teacher is going to tell a story 

27 An earthquake destroyed the town 

28 He didn’t type the letter last night 

29 They will pick me up at my house 

30 When did you see him in that bank? 

31 My father will take me to Ho Chi Minh City next week 

32 A man returned the keys to me 

33 Mary will see her friends off at the station 

34 Workers were digging a large hole in the ground 

35 Countries are finding a way to solve the problem 

36 They can't make tea with cold water

37 The chief engineer was instructing all the workers of the plant

38 Somebody has taken away some of my books

39 They will hold the meeting before May Day

40 They have to repair the engineer of the car

41 The boy broke the window and took away some pictures

42 A man I know told me about it

43 No one believes his story

44 Do they teach English here?

45 Will you invite her to your wedding party?

46 Did the teacher give some exercises?

47 Have they changed the window of the laboratory?

48 Is she making big cakes for the party?

49 Why didn't they help him?

50 You mustn’t use this machine after 5.30 pm

51 You must clean this machine very time you use it

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52 Someone will drive your car to London on Tuesday

53 They will send you your examination results when they are ready

54 In this August, They will build a new house

55 The teacher can give him good marks because he is an excellent

56 Someone will serve soft drinks

57 Tolstoy wrote “War and Peace”

58 Shakespeare wrote “Hamlet”

59 Hemingway didn’t write “Hamlet”

60 Someone built that house in 1930

61 They opened the factory at 9 o’clock

62 They posted all letter yesterday

63 We invited fifty people to the party

64 Last night someone broke into our house

65 Ba invited Liz to the rice-cooking festival

66 They held the festival in the communal house yard

67 The council leader awarded the first prize to Mekong team

68 Someone will translate this letter into Vietnamese

69 Alexander Bain invented the facsimile in 1843

70 They dry the beans in the sun

Exercise 2: Choose the best answer:

1 “I heard you decided to take up tennis.” – “Yes I have _since last week

a been played b been playing c playing d play

2 “Are we about to have dinner?”- “Yes it in the dinning room.”

a is serving b serves c is being served d served

3 “We are still looking for Thomas.” “Hasn’t he yet?

4 You _by my secretary next week

a will notify b would notify c will be notified d is going to notified

5 The wheel thousands of years ago

invented

6 I still can’t believe it My bike _last night

7 Today, many serious childhood diseases _by early immunization

a are preventing b can prevent c prevent d can be prevented

8 Kieu story by Nguyen Du hundreds years ago

a is written b has been written c wrote d was written

9 The questions by the students at the moment

a are discussed b will be discussed c have been discussed d are being discussed

10 Many people _killed in the accident last night

a had been killed b were killed c killed d being killed

RELATIVE CLAUSE

A PHẦN LÝ THUYẾT

I Defining relative clause (Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định)

Đây là mệnh đề cần thiết vì danh từ mà nó bổ nghĩa là không xác định Mệnh đề quan hệ bổ nghĩa cho danh từ trước nó, làm cho người đọc và người nghe hiểu được danh từ được đề cập là ai, là gì Không có nó câu sẽ không đủ nghĩa

The man who lives next door to me is very friendly.

The book which I bought yesterday is very interesting.

II Non-defining relative clause (Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định)

Đây là loại mệnh đề không cần thiết vì danh từ mà nó bổ nghĩa đã được xác định cụ thể, không có nó câu vẫn đủ nghĩa

Mr Thanh, Who is from Ha Tinh province, is a friendly English teacher.

Ha Noi, which is the capital of Vietnam, is in the north of Vietnam.

Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định được ngăn với mệnh đề chính bằng dấu phẩy

Trước danh từ thường có : this, that, these, those, my, his, her… và danh từ riêng.

III The use of relative pronouns and relative adverbs

Relative pronouns

Trang 21

Who: who là đại từ quan hệ chỉ người đứng sau danh từ chỉ người để làm chủ

từ cho động từ đứng sau nó

The man who is standing over there is Mr Pike

Whom: whom là đại từ quan hệ chỉ người, đứng sau danh từ chỉ người để làm

tân ngữ cho động từ đứng sau nó

Whom làm tân ngũ có thể được bỏ đi trong mệnh đề quan hệ xác định

That is the girl whom I told you about.

Which: which là đại từ quan hệ chỉ vật, đứng sau danh từ chỉ vật để làm chủ

từ hay tân ngữ cho động từ đứng sau nó Which làm tân ngữ có thể được bỏ

đi trong mệnh đề quan hệ xác định.

The dress which I bought yesterday is very beautiful.

This is the book which I like best.

That: That là đại từ quan hệ chỉ cả người lẫn vật That có thể được dùng thay

cho who, whom, which trong mệnh đề quan hệ xác định.

This is the book that I like best.

That luôn được dùng sau các danh từ hổn hợp (gồm cả người lẫn vật), sau các

đại từ everything, something, anything, all little, much, none và sau dạng so sánh

nhất

Whose: Whose là đại từ quan hệ chỉ sở hữu Whose đứng sau danh từ chỉ người

hoặc vật và thay cho tính từ sở hữu hoặc sở hữu cách trước danh từ Whose luôn đi kèm với một danh từ

John found a cat whose leg was broken.

Relative adverbs

When: When là trạng từ quan hệ chỉ thời gian, đứng sau danh từ chỉ thời gian When được thaycho at/on/in + danh từ thời gian hoặc then.

May Day is a day when people hold a meeting.

Where: Where là trạng từ quan hệ chỉ nơi chốn, đứng sau danh từ chỉ nơi chốn.

Where được thay thế cho at/on/in + danh từ nơi chốn hoặc there.

Do you know the country where I was born?

Why: Why là trạng từ quan hệ chỉ lí do Why thay cho for which.

Relative

pronoun

(Đại từ quan

hệ)

Noun replaced

(Danh từ được thay thế)

Functions

(Chức năng)

hoặc tân ngữ

that Danh từ chỉ người,vật, thay thế cho

which,whom,who trong mệnh đề hạn định

Làm chủ từ hoặc tân ngữ

whose Tính từ sở hữu hoặc sở hữu cách Làm chủ từ

hoặc tân ngữ

B PHẦN THỰC HÀNH

Exercise 1: Use who, whom or which to combine the two sentences

1 The girl is hospital now She was injured in the accident

2 I know a shop It sells really good meat

3 The boy is very nice I know him from school

4 The shoes are too big My mother bought them for me

5 I still have the book You gave me that book

6 A river is not safe for swimming It is polluted

7 The doctor was very gentle He examined the sick child

8 The man standing over there I was telling you about him

9 The meeting was interesting I went to it

Trang 22

10 I like the dress She was wearing it

11 We don’t like the stories They don’t have happy endings

12 The milk was very good We had it this morning

13 Thank you very much for the gift You gave it to me last time

14 The book was too expensive I wanted to buy it

15 The girl is really intelligent We admire her

Exercise 2: Use whose, where, when to combine the two sentences:

1 The city was famous for its food We spent our vacation in that city

2 This is the story of a man His wife suddenly loses her memory

3 They have just rebuilt the building I work in that building

4 The building is very modern She lives in that building

5 Yesterday I met a woman Her son is a doctor

6 The woman is a teacher Her daughter is my classmate

7 1983 is the year She was born in that year

8 I feel sorry for the boy His parents were dead

9 The man is very friendly His wife is very beautiful

10 I will show you the second-hand bookshop You can find valuable books in this shop

II Non-defining relative clause: ( Mệnh đề hạn định)

Combine the two sentences using relative pronouns or relative adverbs:

1 Ba likes playing the guitar He lives on Trang Tien Street

2 Neil Armstrong lived in USA He first walked on the moon

3 Miss Lien is my English teacher She sings very well

4 The Nile is the home of a great variety of fish The Nile is in Egypt

5 The movie Harry Potter is coming soon I’m longing to see it

6 Peter is studying French and German He has been abroad

7 We are moving to Manchester Manchester is the North West

8 I’ll stay with Adrian His brother is one of my closet friends

9 Cuc phuong is a famous nation park I came there along time ago

10 Thu wants to drink some medicine She had a headache

Exercise 1: Combine the two sentences using relative pronouns or relative adverbs

1 The building seems new now It was very old

2 I went to see a doctor He told me to rest for a few days

3 A friend helped me to get a job His father is the manager of the company

4 He protested to a woman Her dog bit him

5 I was waiting in a chair It suddenly collapsed

6 Please post the letters I wrote them this morning

7 I will introduce you to a man His support is necessary for your project

8 A man brought in a small girl Her hand had been cut

9 A man said Tom was out He answered the phone

10 The problem has been discussed in class We are very interested in it

11 A lot of fish died everyday They live in the polluted sea

12 We have a new teacher I really like her

13 She‘ll tell you the story That story will surprise you

14 The girl is now in hospital She was injured in the accident

15 A waitress served us She was very impolite and impatient

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