TRANSLATION 1 Translation 1 Thư Viện Tài Liệu Tổng Hợp Com TRANSLATION 1

TRANSLATION 1 Translation 1 Thư Viện Tài Liệu Tổng Hợp Com TRANSLATION 1 tài liệu, giáo án, bài giảng , luận văn, luận á...

Adolescence -n- the time in a person's life when he or she develops from a child into an adult Celebrate -v- to show that a day or an event is important by doing something special on it We

celebrated our 25th wedding anniversary in Paris / How do people celebrate New Year in your

country? - Celebration (n) They gave a party in celebration of their fiftieth wedding

anniversary

Commit -v- (often passive) [somebody /you to doing something] promise sincerely that you

will do something, keep to an agreement or an arrangement The President is committed to reforming healthcare

Covention -n- an official agreement between countries or leaders The Geneva Convention/

the United Nations Convention on the Right of the Child

Disparity -n- the difference, especially one connected with unfair treatment The wide

disparity between rich and poor

Dedicate -v- give a lot of time and effort to a certain activity or purpose because one thinks that

it is important She dedicated her life to helping the poor

Eliminate -v- [something/somebody] to remove or get rid of This diet claims to eliminate

toxins from the body

Empower -v- to give s.b more control over their own life or the situation they are in The

movement actively empowered women and gave them confidence in themselves Empowerment-n

Expose -v- [somebody/something/yourself to something] to put sb/sth in a situation or place

where they are not protected from sth harmful or dangerous Do not expose the baby to strong sunlight

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Fall prey to sb/sth -v-: become the victim of sb/sth, be harmed or affected by sth bad Since

the attack, she has fallen prey to irrational fears

Fundamental -adj- very important

Preserve -v- to keep sth in its original good state or condition A perfectly preserved 15th

century house

Seek [to do something]-v- try to do sth They quickly sought to distance themselves from the

protesters

Strengthen -v- make sth stronger or more stable The move is clearly intended to strengthen

the President's position as head of state

TASK B: LANGUAGE FOCUS (Oral Translation)

1) IT - BE……THAT (WHO, WHICH): This construction is used to emphasize one part

of a sentence This part may be the subject, the object or a modifier

Translate the following sentences into Vietnamese

1.1 My father gave me this book three years ago

1.2 It was my father who gave me this book three years ago

1.3 It was this book that my father gave me three years ago

1.4 It was three years ago that my father gave me this book

2) SUBJECT-VERB (BELIEVE, SAY, RUMOR, THINK,…) -THAT CLAUSE (NOUN CLAUSE AS OBJECT) = IT + TO BE + PP + TO INF/TO HAVE +PP

2.1 Many people believe that he will become the prime minister next year

He is believed to become the prime minister next year

2.2 They rumor that she was pregnant

She is said to have been pregnant

3) NOUN-THAT CLAUSE (ADJECTIVE CLAUSE)

3.1 The letter that came this morning is from my father

3.2 The woman that talked to me in the shop used to live next door

3.3 Who was it that won the World Cup in 1992?

Task C: Translate the following text into Vietnamese

In celebration of the 10th anniversary of International Year of the Family, this section of the website is dedicated to describing UNICEF's actions around the world in strengthening the role

of the family with respect to children UNICEF programs are guided by the Convention on the

When the child reaches school-age, the role of the family remains critically important Every child has the fundamental right to a quality basic education UNICEF devotes special efforts to giving boys and girls equal learning opportunities

When the child reaches adolescence- a time that matters, the family continues to play a protective role Adolescents often make decisions that have lifelong consequences It is precisely at this time that adolescents need continuing support and guidance of their family in order to achieve the right of developments and participation

UNICEF is also committed to promoting gender equality and eliminating gender disparity Through health care and basic education programs, UNICEF supports women's full participation and empowerment in the community and within their families; UNICEF works to end violence against women and girls, particularly violence within their families

Finally, the family's protection is especially important for children who are exposed to natural disasters, wars or armed conflicts When families are under stress, children are more likely to fall prey to exploitation and abuse UNICEF has developed strategies that help to preserve families under stress and strengthen family capacities, as well as to protect children without parental care Even with efforts to ensure that children remain with their families, there are times when children are separated from their families UNICEF attempts to reunite these children with their families, whenever possible, and as quickly as possible UNICEF seeks to ensure that children separated from their families are cared for by extended family members or other caregivers who will provide as close-to -a family experience as possible, until it is possible for them to return to family life

"A strong, loving and supportive family is the best environment for raising children and the best start for ensuring that the rights of children are fulfilled," says UNICEF Executive Director Carol Bellamy

Source: http://www.unicef.org/childfamily.

Authentic-adj- truthworthy or genuine An authentic document, an authentic signature

Amount (to)-v- come to, lead to (in the text) What he said amounted to a direct accusation Consistent-adj- unchanging, always keeping the same pattern or style You are not very

consistent: first you condemn me, then you praise me./What you say now is not consistent with what you said last week Consistently-adv

Figuratively-adv- the opposite of literally, used in an imaginary way rather than literally

Go about something/doing sth-v- start to do sth; approach something You are not going

about the job in the right way/ How should I go about finding a job?

Holistic -adj- considering a whole thing or being more than a collection of parts A holistic

approach to life/ holistic medicine- tổng quan

Inclusive-adj- including something, including much or all

Interact-v- act together or cooperative, especially so as to communicate with each other A

sociologist studying the complex way in which people interact with each other at parties Interactive-adj- the psychotherapy is carried out in small interactive groups

Knowledge economy-n- economy that is based chiefly on knowledge

Literal-adj- dealing with the basic or usual meaning of a word or a phrase His story is

incredible in the literal sense of the word (It is impossible to believe him, so he must be lying) literally-adv-

Make sense of something-v- understand something difficult or apparently meaningless Can

you make sense of this poem?

Metaphor-n- the use of a word or a phrase to indicate something different from the literal

meaning For example: "I will make him eat his words", or "She has a heart of stone." Metaphorical-adj- Metaphorically-adv- figuratively

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Pedagogy-n- study or science of ways and methods of teaching- pedagogical-adj-

pedagogically-adv- a pedagogically accepted method of testing students' knowledge

Relevant-adj- connected with what is being discussed, what is being done, what is happening

Color and sex are hardly relevant when appointing somebody to a job / He supplied the fact directly relevant to the case

Turn up -v- arrive, make one's appearance We arrange to meet at the cinema at 7:30, but he

failed to turn up / We invited her to dinner, but she didn't even bother to turn up

Ubiquitous-adj- seeming to be present everywhere or in several places at the same time

Ubiquitous traffic wardens / Is there no escape from the ubiquitous cigarette smoke in the restaurant?

TASK B: LANGUAGE FOCUS (Oral Translation)

1) NOUN CLAUSE AS SUBJECT, OBJECT OR COMPLEMENT

- What you said in the meeting has certainly made him unhappy

- I don't know how the thief could take away such a heavy iron safe

- A computer is exactly what I need now

2) PAST PARTICIPLES IN REDUCED RELATIVE CLAUSES

- The man called Max in this film was played by Patrick Swayze

- Children born on or before 1st September should have been vaccinated

-Plums used to make jam must be very ripe

3) WHILE- CLAUSE = ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF CONTRAST (While ≈ Although)

- While I admit that there are problems, I don't agree that they cannot be solved

-While I disapprove of what you say, I would defend to the death your right to say it

-While his love for her is obvious, it seems that he has no intention to marry her

- While many Muslim women say the law should allow a man to take four wives, few are pleased if the man brings another woman home

Task C: Translate the following text into Vietnamese

How you learn as a student in the knowledge economy may be a little different from how you have gone about your learning in the past One of the differences is you don't have to turn up for class at some designated time and day because there are no lectures While this may disappoint some people, the fact of the matter is that research consistently shows that lecturing is the least effective of pedagogies This is because, with a few exceptions, students play a passive role which usually amounts to surface learning

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One of the great benefits provided by the now ubiquitous information and communication technologies (ICTs) is the opportunity for a more holistic learning environment; one that is inclusive, authentic, highly interactive and "most importantly" relevant to the needs of learners The days of information transmission are over Online learning focuses instead on developing your power of analysis and synthesis, not your ability to memorize facts and figures The thinking, simply, is that in the information age, information is everywhere It is literally (and metaphorically!) at our finger tips The challenge, therefore, is making some sense of this information and, in the process, transform it into knowledge

To find out more, visit www.u21 global.edu.sg

Alternative resources -n- resources that can be used instead of traditional resources

By-product -n- substance produced during the making of something else Ammonia is the by-

product obtained in the manufacture of coal gas

Inexhaustible -adj- that will always continue, that cannot be used up An inexhaustible supply/

my patience is not inexhaustible Inexhaustibly-adv

Extract -v- draw out, remove or obtain a substance from sth, for example by using a chemical

or industrial process A machine that extracts moisture form the air./ to extract essential oils from plant

Fuel cell -n- cell that generates electricity directly from a chemical reaction

Generate -v- produce, cause something to exist or occur Generate heat, electricity, power, etc

Hatred generated by racial prejudice/ grammatical rules for generating sentences

Power -v- supply a machine or vehicle that makes it work The aircraft was powered by a jet

engine

Regenerate -v- restore; recycle to give fresh strength to somebody or something

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Ultimate -adj- beyond which no other exists or possible, last or final: the ultimate outcome,

result or conclusion/ Management must take ultimate responsibility for the strike Basic or fundamental: ultimate principles, the ultimate truth of philosophy and science Ultimately-adv-

TASK B: LANGUAGE FOCUS (Oral Translation)

- To avoid any delay, please phone your order directly

- You will find me here at any hour of the day

- Any fool could tell you that

- I have always wanted a garden full of flowers like the one my neighbor has

- This book is quite unlike anything I have ever read before

- Unlike her daughter, she is extremely beautiful

Task C: Translate the following text into Vietnamese

Over 40 per cent of the world's sugar cane is produced in Asia And ethyl alcohol extracted from sugar cane can be used as fuel for cars That's right; gasoline is not the only thing to power automobiles At Honda, we have been examining a whole range of alternative energy sources as part of our drive to build the ultimate clean car And of those we've studied, the one that stands out is hydrogen

The word hydro is derived from the Greek hydro (water) and genes (forming), so hydrogen actually means "water forming" At just one fourteenth the density of air, hydrogen does not exist as a free gas on earth But it is found in over 70 percent of substances around us: in the water we use every day, in natural gas, and even in garbage In other words, hydrogen is plentiful and found in any number of things What's more, hydrogen used to generate electricity in a fuel cell produces no harmful by-products

Unlike the burning of gasoline or natural gas, the only by product of spent hydrogen is water Better still, this water can be reused to generate more hydrogen In short, hydrogen is an extremely efficient energy source: it is clean, can be made from a wide variety of substances, and also regenerated The fact is, regeneration of hydrogen from water makes it part of an endless flow, an inexhaustible energy source Powering vehicles with clean energy that never runs out…that is one of Honda's dreams, a car that leaves nothing behind but water

Source: NEWSWEEK.

Barren-adj-(of land) not good enough to produce crops (of plants or trees) not producing

flowers , fruit or seeds

Coarse-adj- of low quality, not fine A coarse complexion/skin

Cottage-n- a small, simple house, especially in the country

Grant -v- agree to give or allow (what is asked for):They granted him permission to go

Lavender -n- plants with sweet-smelling and purple flowers Hoa oải hương

Resume-v- begin something again or continue something after stopping for a short time:

resume a flight, a trip/ resume one's efforts, work, labor/ She resumes her maiden name after the divorce

Rod -n- a thin, straight piece of wood or metal

Silhouette -n- a dark outline of somebody or something seen against the light background: the

silhouettes of the trees against the evening sky

Shepherd-n- a person who takes care of sheep

Spectacle-n- impressive, remarkable or interesting sight The sunrise seen from high in the

mountain was a tremendous spectacle

Sprout-v- begin to grow or appear, put out leaves, shoots: we can't use these potatoes, they

have all sprouted/ new buds sprouting on the trees/ the onions are beginning to sprout/ abundant hair sprouted from his broad chest

Thrust -v- push something suddenly and violently

Wonder-v- feel curious about something: There has been no news for a week and he is

beginning to wonder

Wasteland-n- large area of land that is not or cannot be inhabited or cultivated

TASK B: LANGUAGE FOCUS (Oral Translation)

EVREYONE, EVERYTHING, ANYONE, ANYTHING

- I swear to tell the truth, only the truth, and nothing but the truth

- Nothing but trouble will come of this plan

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- None but a fool would measure his satisfaction by what the world thinks of him

2) "FOR" USED TO MEAN "IN REPLACEMENT OF"

- The couple did not save enough money yet to buy furniture, so at night they had to use the floor for a bed

- She is still single at the age of 55, but she never feels lonely For a family, she has all the little students around her

- He never spoke to me other than to ask for something

- He has no close friends other than her

- He can be fluent in many languages other than English

Task C: Translate the following text into Vietnamese

About fifty years ago, I was taking a long trip on foot over mountain heights quite unknown to tourists All around was barren and colorless land Nothing grew there but the lavender

After five hour's walking I had still not found water All around me was the same dryness, the same coarse grasses I thought I saw in the distance a black silhouette It was a shepherd Thirty sheep were lying around him on the baking earth He gave me a drink and took me to his cottage

I felt peace in the presence of this man I asked him if I might rest here for a day He found it quite natural- or, to be more exact, he gave me the impression that nothing could surprise him

I didn't really need to rest, but I was interested and wished to know more about him

I noticed that he carried for a stick an iron rod as thick as my thumb and about a meter and a half long He began thrusting his iron rod into the earth, making a hole into which he planted

an acorn, then he refilled the hole; he was planting oak trees

After the midday meal he resumed his planting For three years he had been planting trees in this wilderness He had planted one hundred thousand Of the hundred thousand, twenty thousand had sprouted Of the twenty thousand, he still expected to lose half There remained ten thousand oak trees to grow where nothing had grown before

That was when I began to wonder about the age of this man He was obviously over fifty Fifty five he told me His name was Elzeard Bouffier I told him that in ten years his ten thousand oaks would be magnificent He answered that if God granted his life, in another thirty years he

Elzeard Bouffier died peacefully in his sleep in 1997

UNIT FIVE: Some Ways to Change the World in Your Own Backyard…

Task A: Vocabulary

Try to find the Vietnamese equivalents of the English words and phrases which are in boldface The dictionary definitions may help you to do this more easily Then translate the phrases or sentences into Vietnamese

Add up to-v- amount to something These numbers add up to 100

Decay-v- to become bad, rot; discompose Decayed vegetable

First aid-n- treatment given to an injured person before a doctor comes

Greenhouse gases-n- gases that cause greenhouse effect

Decline-v- say "no" to; refuse to (something offered), usually politely I invited her to join us,

but she declined / decline an invitation to dinner/ he declined to discuss his plans

Mouth to mouth- artificial respiration (an act to help a patient to restore his breath by sucking

the air from or blowing it into his mouth)

Superannuate-v- send an employee into retirement with a pension Superannuation-n-

(money paid to) a pension one gets when one retires

Virtuous-adj- having or showing moral virtue; self righteousness Feel virtuous at/about

having done the washing up

TASK B: LANGUAGE FOCUS (Oral Translation)

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- He is always making excuses for his being late

- There is no excuse for such behavior

- I can take up to four people in my car

- The price of a house in this area can be up to $1,000,000!

- If accepted for this post, you will be informed by January 17th

- If written by hand, your assignment should be in double spacing

- If left to his own devices, the child would played happily for hours

Task C: Translate the following text into Vietnamese

1 Decline plastic bags whenever possible: Every person in Australia uses up to 300 plastic bags every year That adds up to 6 billion bags A plastic bag can take 500 years to decay

2 Learn mouth to mouth: Take five minutes to learn how to do the kiss of life Or, better, do a first-aid course

3 Read a story with a child: Not having kids is no excuse Read to a nephew or niece, a godchild or a friend's child You will both feel richer for the experience

4 Fit at least one energy-saving globe: Compact fluorescent globes aren't cheap but over their lifetime, they will save up to 75 percent of electricity consumption

5 Take public transportation when you can: Your motor vehicles produce 80 percent of greenhouse gases attributable to transport, while public transport is the source of only 3 percent

6 Find out how your money is invested: Check that your superannuation is ethically funded Just ask one question: "Can you ensure that my investments don't harm the planet or hurt my fellow-men?"

7 Dispose of cigarettes appropriately: More than 9 billion butts are thrown away each year in Australia If laid end to end, they would circle the globe four and half a times

8 Have a bath with some one you love: Save water and have fun An average bath uses 65 liters

of water so you will not only feel good in the bath but feel virtuous afterwards, too

Source: SUNDAY LIFE.

A power source-n- a battery or something else to provide power

Likely-adj- probable, almost certain: It is not likely to rain / It is very likely that she will ring

me tonight

Expert-n- a person with special knowledge, sills or training in special field: an agricultural

expert/ an expert in psychology/get the advice of the expert/ an expert at playing golf

Entirely-adv- completely; altogether: Although they are twins, they are entirely different / I

am not entirely happy with that news

Electronic-adj- (of a device) having or using many small parts, such as MICROCHIPS, to

control an small electric current An electronic calculator / This dictionary is available in electronic form

Novel-n- fiction, books that tell stories that are not true

New development-n- new occurrence

TASK B: LANGUAGE FOCUS (Oral Translation)

- With luck, they will be there by tomorrow

- I would write to her, but I don't know her address

- Without your help, I couldn't have done that

- I think he should resign That would save everyone a lot of trouble

2) "ONE" IN PLACE OF "A / AN"

- This table is so heavy and I think one man can't carry it

- It is one cup of coffee I ordered, not two

- The one way to succeed is to work hard and live a healthy life

- It is very likely that he will not go to work today His wife had a very serious road accident last night

- It isn't likely to rain because the sky is very clear

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- Will he pass the exam? - No, it is not likely he will I have never seen him learning anything

Task C: Translate the following text into Vietnamese

Will people still read books 100 years from now? A few years ago, many people would have said no It seemed likely that computers and the internet would replace books Now, however, most experts think that books are here to stay

There are a number of reasons why computers won't replace books entirely One reason is that books on paper are much cheaper than computers Books don't need a power source either You can read a book for as long as you want and wherever you want You never have to worry about losing power Also, many people feel more comfortable reading words in a book than reading words on a computer screen It is less tiring to the eyes

Will books in the future be similar to the books you can buy today? The answer to that question is no In the future, you only need to buy one book With this one book, you will be able to read novels, plays, and even today's newspaper It will look like today's book, but it will be electronic

One of the people working on the book of the future is Professor Joseph Jacobson from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the U.S.A Professor Jacobson's book will have a small button on the side When you press the button, words will instantly appear on the page When you want to read a different story, you can push the button again and the words will quickly appear

What is the technology behind Professor Jacobson's book? Two important inventions will make this new kind of book possible: electronic ink and radio paper Electronic ink - or "e-ink"- is a liquid that can be printed on paper, metal, or anything else Unlike regular ink, however, words in e-ink are not permanent Pushing a button can change them When you push a button, all the words on the page go and new words appear

The other new invention is radio paper This paper looks and feels like a page in a book In reality, however, radio paper is made of plastic Professor Jacobson calls his book of the future

"the last book." This book, he says, will be the last book you will ever read

Task A: Vocabulary

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Try to find the Vietnamese equivalents of the English words and phrases which are in boldfaced letters The dictionary definitions may help you to do this more easily Then translate the phrases or sentences into Vietnamese

Blame-v- to think or say that somebody is responsible for something bad She doesn't blame

anyone for his father's death blamed his phone use: said that using his phone caused the problems

Detect-v-: discover or notice something, especially something that is not easy to see, hear, etc The

tests are designed to detect the disease early / Do you detect a noise of criticism?

Explosion-n- larger, sudden or rapid increase in the amount or number of something: a

population explosion/ the explosion of oil price / An explosion of interest in learning Japanese

Mobile phone use-n- the use of cell phone, (in the text) the number of people using mobile

phones

Modern scanning equipment: new medical machines showing injuries inside the body

High tech (hi tech) -n-using the most modern methods or machines, especially electronic ones

High tech industries / The high tech table made of glass and steel

Suffer health problems from-v-have health problems caused by

There is no proof that: there is no fact to show that; there is no evidence that

Tasks-n- job that one should do, especially a hard one To perform/carry out/ undertake a task

/ Our first task is to set up a communications system./ Detectives are now faced with the task

of identifying the body

TASK B: LANGUAGE FOCUS (Oral Translation)

Compare:

Active: They consider it unwise to interfere

Passive: It is considered unwise to interfere

- In American culture, it is considered quite natural to hug a friend of the opposite sex in public

- It is generally considered rude to shout at people

(Longman English Grammar, pp 248, 302)

- She has her house destroyed in an earthquake (The result of a disaster)

- The news that he is not in the hospital now has me worried (a state of mind)

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- Visitors to Vietnam have their senses thrilled by all the beautiful natural setting there

- I had her iron my clothes last night./ I had my clothes ironed last night

- I will have you picked up at the airport as soon as you arrive

- I will have you pick me up at the airport as soon as you arrive

3) QUESTION FORMS OF THE STRUCTURE IT+IS+NOUN+THAT CLAUSE

Compare:

a) Affirmative, not emphasized: He is eating an apple

a') Affirmative, emphasized: It is an apple that he is eating

b') Wh-question, emphasized: What is it that he is eating?

- What is it that you are holding behind your back?

- Who is it that you call father?

- What is it that makes you hate him so much?

Task C: translate the following text into Vietnamese

Millions of people are using cell phones today In many places it is considered unusual not to use one In many countries, cell phones are very popular with young people They found that the phones are more than a means of communication - having a mobile phone shows that they are cool and connected

The explosion around the world in mobile phone use has some health professionals worried Some doctors are concerned that in the future many people may suffer health problems from the use of mobile phones In England, there has been a serious debate bout this issue Mobile phone companies are worried about the negative publicity of such ideas They say that there is

no proof that mobile phones are bad for your health

On the other hand, why do some medical studies show changes in the brain cells of some people who use mobile phones? Signs of changes in the tissues of the brain and head can be detected with modern scanning equipment In a case, a traveling salesman had to retire at a young age because of serious memory loss He could not remember even simple tasks He would often forget the name of his own son This man used to talk on his mobile phone for about six hours a day, every day of his working week, for a couple of years His family doctor blamed his mobile phone use, but the employer's doctor didn't agree

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What is it that makes mobile phones potentially harmful? The answer is radiation High-tech machines can detect very small amount of radiation from mobile phones Mobile phone companies agree that there is some radiation, but they say the amount is too small to worry about

As the discussion about their safety continues, it appears that it is best to use mobile phone less often Use you regular phone if you want to talk for a long time Use your mobile phone when you really need it Mobile phone can be very useful and convenient, especially in emergencies

In the future, mobile phones may have a warning label that say they are bad for your health So now, it is best not to use your mobile phone so often

UNIT EIGHT: Shau

Task A: Vocabulary

Try to find the Vietnamese equivalents of the English words and phrases which are in boldface The dictionary definitions may help you to do this more easily Then translate the phrases or sentences in italic into Vietnamese

Analyze-v- to examine the structure or nature of something especially by separating it into part in

order to understand or explain it The job involves gathering and analyzing data

Be at someone's service/ to be at the service of someone to be useful or helpful, available to

help If you need anything, I am at your service

Character-n- letter, sign or mark used in a system of writing or printing Chinese, Greek,

Russian characters

Considerate -adj-(of someone) careful not to hurt or inconvenience others, thoughtful

Considerate person act, attitude / It was considerate of you not to play the piano while I was asleep

Encompass-v- include or comprise something The general arts course at the university

encompasses a wide range of subjects

Endeavour-n- attempt or effort Please make every endeavor to arrive punctually

Equivalent-adj- equal in value, amount, meaning importance

Illustrate-v-to make the meaning of something clearer by using examples, pictures, etc To

illustrate my point, let me tell you a little story / the incident illustrates the need for better security measures

Obvious-adj- easy to see and understand It is obvious to everyone that the child had been

badly treated / I know you don't like me but try not to make it so obvious

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On behalf of (1) as the representative of somebody or instead of them On behalf of the

company I would like to thank you all (2) because of somebody Don't worry on my behalf (3) in order to help somebody They campaigned on behalf of asylum seekers

Remind -v- tell somebody to do something he may have forgotten Please remind me to

answer that letter

Run errands-v- do a job for somebody which involves going somewhere to take a message, to

buy something, to deliver goods, etc He often runs errands for his grandmother / Her boss sends her on an errand into town

Sacrifice-n- giving up something, usually in return of something more important or valuable

Getting rich is not worth the sacrifice of your principles / Her parents made many sacrifices so that she could go to university Sacrifice -v- She sacrificed her career to marry him

Symbol-n- image or object or thing that suggests or refers to something else The lion is the

symbol of courage Symbolize-v- be the symbol of something or represent something by means of a symbol A picture of a red disc with rays coming from it symbolizes the sun / The poet has symbolized his lover with a flower Symbol-n- image or object or thing that suggests

or refers to something else The lion is the symbol of courage Symbolize-v- be the symbol of something or represent something by means of a symbol A picture of a red disc with rays coming from it symbolizes the sun / The poet has symbolized his lover with a flower

Unlike adj-, preposition- different from a particular thing or person Music is quite unlike

other art form

Willing-adj- ready and pleased to help and not needing to be persuaded, done or given in an

enthusiastic way They keep a list of people who are willing to work overnight Willingly-adv- People would willingly pay more for better service Willingness-n-

TASK B: LANGUAGE FOCUS (Oral Translation)

- Why do you think he will not agree with me about this?

Compare:

- His ambition is winning the Nobel Prize for physics someday