Chapter Clicker Questions Chapter 7: Metabolism: From Food to Life © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc Adenosine monophosphate a) b) c) d) can be regenerated by adding two phosphate groups to ATP is produced when one phosphate group is released from ATP has one high-energy phosphate bond is composed of one molecule of adenosine bonded to one phosphate group © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc Adenosine monophosphate a) b) c) d) © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc can be regenerated by adding two phosphate groups to ATP is produced when one phosphate group is released from ATP has one high-energy phosphate bond is composed of one molecule of adenosine bonded to one phosphate group In which of the following types of chemical reactions is a compound catabolized by the addition of a molecule of water? a) b) c) d) © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc hydrolysis dehydration synthesis oxidation phosphorylation In which of the following types of chemical reactions is a compound catabolized by the addition of a molecule of water? a) b) c) d) © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc hydrolysis dehydration synthesis oxidation phosphorylation In the absence of oxygen, the pyruvate produced through glycolysis is converted to a) b) c) d) © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc lactate acetyl CoA oxaloacetate NADH In the absence of oxygen, the pyruvate produced through glycolysis is converted to a) b) c) d) © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc lactate acetyl CoA oxaloacetate NADH Ketones are produced when a) b) c) people follow a high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet oxaloacetate builds up and TCA cycle activity increases acetyl CoA is blocked from entering the TCA cycle d) © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc All of the above can prompt the production of ketones Ketones are produced when a) b) c) d) © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc people follow a high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet oxaloacetate builds up and TCA cycle activity increases acetyl CoA is blocked from entering the TCA cycle All of the above can prompt the production of ketones Amino acids are unique from other energy-yielding compounds in that a) b) they cannot be converted to glucose (gluconeogenesis) they contain nitrogen, which must be removed before the remaining compound can be used for energy c) they contain ammonia, which the kidneys convert to urea and excrete from the body in urine d) © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc even when consumed to excess, they will not increase the synthesis of fatty acids Amino acids are unique from other energy-yielding compounds in that a) b) they cannot be converted to glucose (gluconeogenesis) they contain nitrogen, which must be removed before the remaining compound can be used for energy c) they contain ammonia, which the kidneys convert to urea and excrete from the body in urine d) © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc even when consumed to excess, they will not increase the synthesis of fatty acids Anya skipped breakfast this morning It is now midafternoon, and she has joined a friend for a late lunch Although she rarely drinks alcohol, while waiting for her food to arrive, she enjoys a glass of wine Which of the following statements best describes Anya's body's response to the alcohol? a) Gastric ADH oxidizes about 30% to 35% of the alcohol Anya consumes; the rest is absorbed into her bloodstream b) When the alcohol enters Anya's bloodstream, her muscles quickly take it up for oxidation before her blood alcohol level increases c) The microsomal ethanol oxidizing system (MEOS) breaks down about 20% of the alcohol Anya consumes before it is absorbed into her bloodstream d) © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc None of the above statements is true Anya skipped breakfast this morning It is now midafternoon, and she has joined a friend for a late lunch Although she rarely drinks alcohol, while waiting for her food to arrive, she enjoys a glass of wine Which of the following statements best describes Anya's body's response to the alcohol? a) Gastric ADH oxidizes about 30% to 35% of the alcohol Anya consumes; the rest is absorbed into her bloodstream b) When the alcohol enters Anya's bloodstream, her muscles quickly take it up for oxidation before her blood alcohol level increases c) The microsomal ethanol oxidizing system (MEOS) breaks down about 20% of the alcohol Anya consumes before it is absorbed into her bloodstream d) © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc None of the above statements is true Of the approximately 160,000 kcal reserves in the body of a well-nourished 70-kg male, a) b) triglycerides account for about 50%, and glycogen and protein each about 25% about 85% is from triglycerides, and most of the remaining 15% is from protein c) d) © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc triglycerides, glycogen, and protein each account for about 33% triglycerides, glycogen, protein, and water each account for about 25% Of the approximately 160,000 kcal reserves in the body of a well-nourished 70-kg male, a) b) triglycerides account for about 50%, and glycogen and protein each about 25% about 85% is from triglycerides, and most of the remaining 15% is from protein c) d) © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc triglycerides, glycogen, and protein each account for about 33% triglycerides, glycogen, protein, and water each account for about 25% Most lipogenesis a) b) occurs when individuals consume an excess of glucogenic amino acids occurs when acetyl CoA is converted into glycerol, which is in turn attached to fatty acid chains c) d) © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc occurs in liver cells occurs in adipose cells Most lipogenesis a) b) occurs when individuals consume an excess of glucogenic amino acids occurs when acetyl CoA is converted into glycerol, which is in turn attached to fatty acid chains c) d) © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc occurs in liver cells occurs in adipose cells Glucagon, epinephrine, and cortisol are a) b) c) d) © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc coenzymes cofactors anabolic hormones catabolic hormones Glucagon, epinephrine, and cortisol are a) b) c) d) © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc coenzymes cofactors anabolic hormones catabolic hormones During short-term fasts, the body uses a) muscle and liver glycogen for glucose for red blood cells, brain cells, and other body cells b) liver glycogen for glucose for red blood cells, brain cells, and other body cells c) d) © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc glycerol from adipose tissue for ketone bodies amino acids from the breakdown of body proteins for gluconeogenesis During short-term fasts, the body uses a) muscle and liver glycogen for glucose for red blood cells, brain cells, and other body cells b) c) d) © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc liver glycogen for glucose for red blood cells, brain cells, and other body cells glycerol from adipose tissue for ketone bodies amino acids from the breakdown of body proteins for gluconeogenesis ... which of the following types of chemical reactions is a compound catabolized by the addition of a molecule of water? a) b) c) d) © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc hydrolysis dehydration synthesis... which of the following types of chemical reactions is a compound catabolized by the addition of a molecule of water? a) b) c) d) © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc hydrolysis dehydration synthesis... oxaloacetate builds up and TCA cycle activity increases acetyl CoA is blocked from entering the TCA cycle All of the above can prompt the production of ketones Amino acids are unique from other energy-yielding