ngữ pháp tiếng anh 11

ngữ pháp tiếng anh và bài tập câu điều kiện 11

Ngữ Pháp Tiếng Anh 11 TO-INFINITIVES / BARE INFINITIVES / GERUNDS (Động từ ngun mẫu có “to”, ngun mẫu khơng “to”, danh động từ) To-infinitive / Infinitive with to * Động từ nguyên mẫu có to dùng làm: - Chủ ngữ câu: To become a famous singer is her dream - Bổ ngữ cho chủ ngữ: What I like is to swim in the sea and then to lie on the warm sand - Tân ngữ động từ It was late, so we decided to take a taxi home - Tân ngữ tính từ I’m pleased to see you * V + to-inf - hope: hy vọng - offer: đề nghị - expect: mong đợi - plan: lên kế họach - refuse: từ chối - want: muốn - promise: hứa - pretend: giả vờ - fail: thất bại, hỏng - attempt: cố gắng, nỗ lực - tend: có khuynh hướng - threaten: đe dọa - intend: định - seem: dường - decide: định - manage: xoay sở, cố gắng - agree: đồng ý - ask: yêu cầu - afford: đáp ứng - arrange: xếp - tell: bảo - appear: - learn: học/ học cách - invite: mời - would like - offer: cho, tặng, đề nghị * Trong cấu trúc: + It takes / took + O + thời gian + to-inf + mục đích + bổ ngữ cho danh từ đại từ: S + V + Noun / pronoun + to-inf I have some letters to write Is there anything to eat? + It + be + adj + to-inf: thật … để Ex: It is interesting to study English + S + be + adj + to-inf Ex: I’m happy to receive your latter + S + V + too + adj / adv + to-inf + S + V + adj / adv + enough + to-inf + S + find / think / believe + it + adj + to-inf Ex: I find it difficult to learn English vocabulary - Sau từ nghi vấn: what, who, which, when, where, how,… (nhưng thường không dùng sau why) Ex: I don’t know what to say * Note: - allow / permit/ advise / recommend + O + to-inf She allowed me to use her pen - allow / permit / advise / recommend + V-ing She didn’t allow smoking in her room II Bare infinitive / Infinitive without to * V + O + bare inf - let - make - had better - would rather Note be + made + to-inf - help + V1 / to-inf - help + O + V1 / to-inf - help + O + with + N Ex: My brother helped me my homework My brother helped me to my homework My brother helped me with my homework * Động từ giác quan - Các động từ tri giác: hear, sound, smell, taste, feel, watch, notice, see, listen, find + O + V1 (chỉ hoàn tất hành động – nghe thấy toàn việc diễn ra) Ngữ Pháp Tiếng Anh 11 Ex: I saw her get off the bus - Các động từ tri giác: hear, sound, smell, taste, feel, watch, notice, see, listen, find + O + V-ing (chỉ việc diễn ra) Ex: I smell something burning in the kitchen III GERUND (V-ing) * Danh động từ dùng làm: - Chủ từ câu: Swimming is my favourite sport - Bổ ngữ động từ: My hobby is collecting stamps - Tân ngữ động từ: I enjoy traveling * V + V-ing - mention: đề cập đến - quit: từ bỏ - risk: có nguy - fancy: thích - deny: phủ nhận - involve: liên quan - detest: ghét - encourage: khích lệ - consider: xem xét - imagine: tưởng tượng - miss: bỏ lỡ - It is no use: khơng có ích - It is no good: khơng tốt - postpone: hoãn lại - suggest: đề nghị - practice: luyện tập - finish - admit: thừa nhận - avoid: tránh - mind: ngại - delay: hoãn - hate: ghét - waste / spend: lãng phí, bỏ (thời gian, tiền bạc) - have difficulty / trouble: gặp khó khăn/trở ngại - can’t help: không - can’t stand / can’t bear: không chịu đựng nỗi - feel like: cảm thấy thích - look forward to: mong chờ, mong đợi - It is (not) worth: đáng / không đáng - keep / keep on: tiếp tục - be busy - be used to / get used to * Sau liên từ: after, before, when, while, since,… Ex: After finishing his homework, he went to bed * Sau giới từ: on, in, at, with, about, from, to, without, … Ex: My sister is interested in listening to pop music IV INFINITIVE OR GERUND (To-inf / V-ing) Không thay đổi nghĩa: - begin / start / continue/ like / love + To-inf / V-ing Ex: It started to rain / raining Thay đổi nghĩa: + remember / forget / regret + V-ing: nhớ / quên/ nuối tiếc việc xảy (trong khứ) + remember / forget / regret + to-inf: nhớ / quên/ nuối tiếc việc chưa, xảy (trong tương lai) Ex: Don’t forget to turn off the light when you go to bed I remember meeting you some where but I can’t know your name Remember to send her some flowers because today is her birthday + stop + V-ing: dừng hẳn việc + stop + to-inf: dừng … để … Ex: He stopped smoking because it is harmful for his health On the way home, I stopped at the post office to buy a newspaper + try + V-ing: thử + try + to-inf: cố gắng + need + V-ing = need + to be + V3: cần (bị động) Ngữ Pháp Tiếng Anh 11 + need + to-inf: cần (chủ động) Ex: I need to wash my car My car is very dirty It needs washing / to be washed + Cấu trúc nhờ vả: S + have + O người + V1 + O vật S + have + O vật + V3/-ed + (by + O người) S + get + O người + to-inf + O vật S + get + O vật + V3/-ed + (by + O người) TENSES (Thì) Hiện đơn (Simple present) S + V1/(s/es) S + don’t / doesn’t + V1 Wh- + / does + S + V1…? - Dùng để hành động thói quen, mang tính chất lặp lặp lại Ex: She usually gets up at A.m - Dùng để kiện thật hiển nhiên, chân lý Ex:Water freezes at degree centigrade - hành động tương lai đưa vào chương trình, kế hoạch Ex: The new school year begins on September 5th * Dấu hiệu nhận biết: every (every day, every week, every night,… ) often, sometimes, usually, always, frequently, as a rule…… twice a week, once a week… Hiện tiếp diễn (Present progressive) S + am / is / are + V-ing S + am / is are + not + V-ing Wh- + am / is / are + S + V-ing…? - Dùng để hành động diễn lúc nói Ex: Listen! The bird is singing I am studying now - Một hành động dự kiến tương lai gần xếp xong Ex: They are playing tennis next week - Với chữ always đế diễn tả hành động thường lặp lại thường xuyên, hay lời phàn nàn… Ex: He is always taking exams He is always studying - Hai hành động xảy song song Ex: She is cooking dinner while her husband is watching T.V now - Hành dộng có tính chất tạm thời Ex: I often go to work by bus but today I am going by motorbike * Dấu hiệu nhận biết: - Câu bắt đầu mệnh lệnh như: Listen!, Look!, Pay attention!, Keep silent! Be quiet! cụm từ: now, right now, at the moment, at the present, today, while, next…(chỉ dự định) Hiện hoàn thành (Present perfect): S + have / has + V3/-ed S + haven’t / hasn’t + V3/-ed Wh- + have / has + S + V3/-ed…? Ngữ Pháp Tiếng Anh 11 * Cách dùng: - Một hành động xảy khứ khơng có thời gian xác định Ex: I haven’t met him before - Một hành động vừa xảy ra, hay vừa hoàn tất Ex: She has just gone out - Một hành động xảy khứ, kéo dài đến tiếp tục tương lai Ex: My father has worked in this company for 10 years * Dấu hiệu nhận biết: never, ever, since, for, recently, lately, just, already, so far, up to now, up to the present, until now, before (trước đây), yet, (dùng câu phủ định câu hỏi), many times, several times, how long, this is the first time / the second time, four times , five times… Quá khứ đơn (Simple Past) S + V2/-ed S + didn’t + V1 Wh- + did + S + V1…? * Cách dùng: - Một hành động xảy hoàn tất thời gian xác định khứ Ex: We bought this car two years ago - Một thói quen khứ Ex: When I was young, I often went swimming with my friends in this river - Một chuỗi hành động khứ Ex: I entered the room, turned on the light, went to the kitchen and had dinner * Dấu hiệu nhận biết: yesterday ( yesterday morning, yesterday afternoon,…….) last _ ( last year, last night, last week, last month….) _ ago ( two years ago, many months ago, ten minutes ago….) in + year in the past ( năm khứ: in 1999, in 2001…) Quá khứ tiếp diễn (Past continuous): S + was / were + V-ing S + was / were + not + V-ing Wh- + was / were + S + V-ing…? * Cách dùng: - Một hành động diễn thời điểm xác định khứ Ex: What were you doing at pm yesterday? - Một hành động xảy khứ hành động khác xảy cắt ngang Ex: Mai was watching TV when I came home When they were having dinner, she entered their room - Hai hành động xảy song song khứ Ex:While her mother was cooking dinner, her father was reading books * Dấu hiệu nhận biết: At + + thời gian khứ At this/ that time + thời gian khứ Khi hai mệnh đề nối với chữ when while… Hai hành động xảy khứ: hành động ngắn dùng khứ đơn; hành động dài dùng khứ tiếp diễn Quá khứ hoàn thành (Past perfect) S + had + V3/-ed S + hadn’t + V3/-ed Wh- + had + S + V3/-ed…? Ngữ Pháp Tiếng Anh 11 *Cách dùng: - Một hành động xảy trước hành động khác khứ Ex: He had left the house before she came - Một hành động xảy trước thời điểm xác định khứ Ex: We had had lunch by two o’clock yesterday By the age of 25, he had written two famous novels * Dấu hiệu nhận biết: before, after, when, by the time, as soon as, as…., by + thời gian khứ Tương lai đơn (Simple future): S + will / shall + V1 S + won’t / shan’t + V1 Wh- + will + S + V1…? * Cách dùng: - Một hành động có thể, hay có lẽ xảy tương lai Ex: - They will come here next week - The football match will be over at o’clock - Một lời đề nghị hay yêu cầu (ở thể nghi vấn) Ex: Will you go to the cinema with me? - Một định đưa vào thời điểm nói Ex: The bag is very heavy – I’ll help you * Dấu hiệu nhận biết: next… ( next week, next month, … ), someday, tomorrow, soon, in + năm tương lai…at + thời tương lai * Chú ý: Để diễn tả hành động có dụ định hay dự đốn tương lai, ta dùng BE GOING TO + V1: S + am / is / are + going to + V1 Ex: - Where are you going to spend your summer holiday? - Look at those clouds! It is going to rain Tương lai hoàn thành (Future perfect): S + will have + V3/-ed S + won’t have + V3/-ed Wh- + will + S + have + V3/-ed…? * Cách dùng: - Một hành động hoàn tất trước thời điểm tương lai hay hành động khác tương lai Ex: By lunch time, I will have typed five letters * Dấu hiệu nhận biết: by + mốc thời gian, by the time, by then REPORTED SPEECH (Câu tường thuật) Câu gián tiếp câu dùng để thuật lại nội dung lời nói trực tiếp a Nếu động từ mệnh đề tường thuật dùng thì đổi sang câu gián tiếp ta đổi ngôi; không đổi động từ trạng từ Ex: She says: “I am a teacher.” She says that she is a teacher Ex: “I am writing a letter now” Tom says Tom says that he is writing a letter now b Nếu động từ mệnh đề tường thuật dùng khứ chuyển sang câu gián tiếp ta đổi ngơi, động từ, trạng từ thời gian nơi chốn Ngữ Pháp Tiếng Anh 11 I Thay đổi (Đại từ nhân xưng, Đại từ sở hữu Tính từ sở hữu) Ngơi thứ nhất: dựa vào chủ từ mệnh đề tường thuật; thường đổi sang thứ ba I → He / She me → him / her my → his / her We → They us → them our → their Ex: He said: “I learned English.” He said that English Ex: She said to me, “My mother gives me a present.” She told me that Ngôi thứ hai: (You, your) - Xét ý nghĩa câu đổi cho phù hợp, thường đổi dựa vào túc từ mệnh đề tường thuật Ex: Mary said: “You are late again.” Mary said that you were late again Ex: “I will meet you at the airport”, he said to me He told me that -3 Ngôi thứ ba (He / She / Him / Her / His / They / Them / Their): giữ nguyên, không đổi II Thay đổi câu: DIRECT Simple present - V1 /Vs(es) Present progressive – am / is / are + V-ing Present perfect – have / has + P.P Present perfect progressive – have / has been +V-ing Simple past – V2 / -ed Past progressive – was / were + V-ing Simple future – will + V1 Future progressive will be + V-ing INDIRECT Simple past – V2 / V-ed Past progressive – was / were + V-ing Past perfect – had + P.P Past perfect progressive - had been + V-ing Past perfect – had + P.P Past perfect progressive – had been +V-ing Future in the past - would + V1 Future progressive in the past - would be + V-ing III Thay đổi trạng từ thời gian nơi chốn: DIRECT INDIRECT Now Then Here There This That These Those Today That day Yesterday The day before / the previous day Last year The year before / the previous year Tonight That night Tomorrow The following day / the next day Next month The following month / the next month Ago Before CÁC THAY ĐỔI CỤ THỂ CHO TỪNG LOẠI CÂU TRONG LỜI NÓI GIÁN TIẾP COMMANDS / REQUESTS (Câu mệnh lệnh, câu đề nghị) - Mệnh lệnh khẳng định: Direct: S + V + O: “V1 + O …” Indirect: S + asked / told + O + to + V1 + … Ex: He said to her: “Keep silent, please.” → He told her -“Wash your hands before having dinner, Lan.” The mother said → The mother told Lan Mệnh lệnh phủ định: Ngữ Pháp Tiếng Anh 11 Direct: S + V + O: “Don’t + V1 + …” Indirect: S + asked / told + O + not + to+ V1 … Ex: “Don’t forget to phone me this afternoon,” he said → He reminded me - The teacher said to the students: “Don’t talk in the class.” → The teacher Tùy theo ngữ cảnh lời nói động từ tường thuật said said to đổi thành told, asked, advised, persuaded, directed, begged, encouraged, … Ex: The doctor said to his patient: “Do exercise regularly.” → The doctor -2 STATEMENT (Câu trần thuật) Direct: S + V + (O) : “clause” Indirect: S + told / said + (O) + (that) + clause Note: said to → told Ex: Tom said, “I want to visit my friend this weekend.” → Tom said (that) -She said to me, “I am going to Dalat next summer.” → She told me (that) QUESTIONS (Câu hỏi) a Yes – No question Direct: S + V + (O) : “Aux V + S + V1 + O….?” Indirect: S + asked + O + if / whether + S + V + O … Ex: He asked: “Have you ever been to Japan, Mary?” → He asked Mary -“Did you go out last night, Tan?” I asked → I asked Tan b Wh – question Direct: S + V + (O): “Wh- + Aux V + S + V1 + O ?” Indirect: S + asked + O + Wh- + S + V + O Ex: “How long are you waiting for the bus?” he asked me → He asked me “Where did you go last night, Tom?” the mother asked → The mother asked Tom -4 DANH ĐỘNG TỪ (V-ING) TRONG LỜI NĨI GIÁN TIẾP Khi lời nói trực tiếp lời đề nghị , chúc mừng, cảm ơn, xin lỗi, …động từ tường thuật với danh động từ (V-ing) theo sau thường dùng để chuyển tải nội dung lời nói a Reporting Verb + V-ing + … Deny (phủ nhận), admit (thừa nhận), suggest (đề nghị), regret (nuối tiếc), appreciate (đánh giá cao, cảm kích) Ex: Peter said: “I didn’t steal the painting.” → Peter denied stealing the painting “Why don’t we go out for a walk?” said the boy → The boy suggested going out for a walk b Reporting Verb + (Someone) + Preposition + V-ing + … - thank someone for (cám ơn ….) - accuse someone of (buộc tội …) - congratulate someone on (chúc mừng ….) - warn someone against (cảnh báo ….) - dream of (mơ …) - object to (chống đối ….) - apologize someone for (xin lỗi …) - insist on (khăng khăng dòi …) - complain about (phàn nàn ….) Ex: “I’m happy to know that you win the game Congratulations!”, Jim said to Mary → Jim Ngữ Pháp Tiếng Anh 11 I said to the boy: “Don’t play ball near the restricted area.” → I Daisy said: “I want to be a famous singer in the world.” → Daisy -Note: Why don’t you / Why not / How about → suggested + (someone) + V-ing … Ex: “Why don’t you send her some flowers?” he said → He suggested me sending her some flowers Let’s → suggested + V-ing … Let’s not → suggested + not + V-ing … Ex: “Let’s meet outside the cinema,” he said → He suggested meeting outside the cinema She said: “Let’s not talk about that problem again.” → She suggested not talking about that problem again Shall we / It’s a good idea → suggested + V-ing … Ex: “It’s a good idea to go for a picnic this weekend,” she said → She suggested going for a picnic that weekend ĐỘNG TỪ NGUYÊN MẪU (TO-INFINITIVE) TRONG LỜI NÓI GIÁN TIẾP Khi lời nói gián tiếp lời đề nghị, mệnh lệnh, ý định, lời hứa, lời yêu cầu, …động từ tường thuật với động từ nguyên mẫu theo sau thường dùng để chuyển tải nội dung lời nói a Reporting Verb + To-inf … - agree demand (đòi hỏi) guarantee (bảo đảm) - hope promise swear (thề) - threaten (đe dọa) volunteer offer (đưa đề nghị) - refuse consent (bằng lòng) decide Ex: “I will give you my book if you need it,” said my friend → My friend offered to give me her book if I needed it b Reporting Verb + Object + To-inf … - ask advise command (ra lệnh) - expect instruct (hướng dẫn) invite - order (ra lệnh) persuade (thuyết phục) recommend (khuyên) - remind (nhắc nhở) encourage (cổ vũ) tell - urge (thúc giục) warn (cảnh báo) want Ex: “Don’t forget to lock the door,” I said to my sister → I reminded my sister to lock the door Ann said: “Come to my place whenever you are free.” → Ann invited me to come to her place whenever I was free Note: Lời đề nghị: Would you / could you / Will you / Can you → asked + someone + to-inf Would you mind / Do you mind + V-ing → asked + someone + to-inf Ex: “Can you read the instructions again?” she said → She asked me to read the instructions again He said: “Would you mind opening the door, please?” → He asked me to open the door Lời mời: Would you like / Will you → invited someone + to-inf Ex: “Will you have lunch with me?” he said → He invited me to have lunch with him Lời khuyên: Had better / If I were you / Why don’t you → advised someone + to-inf Ex: “If I were you, I would phone her,” he said → He advised me to phone her Ngữ Pháp Tiếng Anh 11 CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN TRONG LỜI NÓI GIÁN TIẾP Nếu lời nói trực tiếp có câu điều kiện có câu điều kiện loại thay đổi thì, câu điều kiện loại giữ nguyên hình thức động từ chúng Ex: “If I have time, I will visit her,” he said → He said that if he had time he would visit her She said: “If I had enough money, I would buy a car.” → She said that if she had enough money she would buy a car He said to me : “If I had met you, I would have told you the truth.” → He told me that if he had met me he would have told me the truth CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (Câu điều kiện) TYPE 1: điều kiện xảy tương lai V1(s /es) will / shall / can + V1 If + S + S+ don’t / doesn’t + V1 won’t / can’t / shan’t + V1 EX: If I save enough money, I will buy a new car TYPE 2: điều kiện khơng có thật V2/-ed could / would/ should + V1 If + S + S+ didn’t + V1 couldn’t / wouldn’t / shouldn’t + V1 EX: If I were you, I would tell the truth TYPE 3: điều kiện khơng có thật khứ had + V3/-ed If + S + could / would/ should + have + V3/-ed S+ hadn’t + V3 /-ed couldn’t / wouldn’t / shouldn’t + have + V3/-ed EX: If I had arrived ten minutes earlier, I would have got a seat - Note: Ta lược bỏ "If" phải đảo ngữ EX: Had I arrived ten minutes earlier, I would have got a seat - Unless = If … not - Đổi từ if sang unless: IF Khẳng định Phủ định UNLESS Khẳng định (động từ mệnh đề đổi sang phủ định) Khẳng định (mệnh đề khơng thay đổi) Ex: If we had more rain, our crops would grow faster Unless If she doesn’t work harder, she will fail the exam Ngữ Pháp Tiếng Anh 11 Unless Dạng câu: Mệnh lệnh + or + Clause - If you don’t + V1, Clause - If you aren’t + …, Clause Ex: Be carefull or you will cut yourself If Go away or I will call the police If - NỐI CÂU ĐƠN DÙNG “ IF” - Note: + Diễn tả hành động xảy tương lai → loại + Diễn tả hành động xảy (động từ tại) → loại + Diễn tả hành động xảy khứ (động từ khứ) → loại EX: Hurry up or you will be late → If you don’t hurry, you will be late EX: She doesn’t have a car She doesn’t go out in the evening → If she had a car, she would go out in the evening EX: We cancelled the meeting because Peter didn’t come → If Peter had come, we wouldn’t have cancelled the meeting → Had Peter come, we wouldn’t have cancelled the meeting RELATIVE CLAUSES (Mệnh đề quan hệ) I CÁC ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ: WHO: - làm chủ từ mệnh đề quan hệ - thay cho danh từ người … N (person) + WHO + V + O WHOM: - làm túc từ cho động từ mệnh đề quan hệ - thay cho danh từ người … N (person) + WHOM + S + V WHICH: - làm chủ từ túc từ mệnh đề quan hệ - thay cho danh từ vật ….N (thing) + WHICH + V + O ….N (thing) + WHICH + S + V THAT: - thay cho vị trí who, whom, which mệnh đề quan hệ quan hệ xác định * Các trường hợp thường dùng “that”: 10 Ngữ Pháp Tiếng Anh 11 (Defining relative clause) 2 Mệnh đề quan hệ không hạn định (Non-defining relative clause): Được sử dụng danh từ danh từ xác định Ex: Dalat, which I visited last summer, is very beautiful (Non-defining relative clause) Note: để biết dùng mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định, ta lưu ý điểm sau: - Khi danh từ mà bổ nghĩa danh từ riêng - Khi danh từ mà bổ nghĩa tính từ sở hữu (my, his, her, their) - Khi danh từ mà bổ nghĩa la danh từ với this , that, these, those III MỘT SỐ LƯU Ý TRONG MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ: Nếu mệnh đề quan hệ có giới từ giới từ đặt trước sau mệnh đề quan hệ (chỉ áp dụng với whom which.) Ex: Mr Brown is a nice teacher We studied with him last year → Mr Brown, with whom we studied last year, is a nice teacher → Mr Brown, whom we studied with last year, is a nice teacher Có thể dùng which thay cho mệnh đề đứng trước Ex: She can’t come to my birthday party That makes me sad → She can’t come to my birthday party, which makes me sad Ở vị trí túc từ, whom thay who Ex: I’d like to talk to the man whom / who I met at your birthday party IV CÁCH RÚT GỌN MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ: Mệnh đề quan hệ rút thành cụm phân từ: Mệnh đề quan hệ chứa đại từ quan hệ làm chủ từ who, which, that rút gọn thành cụm phân từ (V-ing) khứ phân từ (V3/ed) * Nếu mệnh đề quan hệ mệnh đề chủ động rút thành cụm phân từ (V-ing) Ex: a/ The man who is standing over there is my father → The man b/ The couple who live next door to me are professors → The couple -* Nếu mệnh đề quan hệ mệnh đề bị động rút thành cụm khứ phân từ (V3/ed) Ex: a/ The instructions that are given on the front page are very important → The instructions -b/ The book which was bought by my mother is interesting → The book -2 Mệnh đề quan hệ rút thành cụm động từ nguyên mẫu: Mệnh đề quan hệ rút thành cụm động từ nguyên mẫu (To-infinitive) trước đại từ quan hệ có cụm từ: the first, the second, the last, the only hình thức so sánh bậc Ex: a/ John was the last person that got the news → John was the last person - 12 Ngữ Pháp Tiếng Anh 11 b/ He was the best player that got the prize → He was the best played c/ He was the best player that we admire → He was the best player CLEFT SENTENCES (Câu chẻ) Câu chẻ dùng để nhấn mạnh thành phần câu chủ ngữ, túc từ hay trạng từ Nhấn mạnh chủ từ (Subject focus) a It + is / was + Noun / pronoun (person) + who + V + O … Ex: My brother collected these foreign stamps → It was my brother who collected these foreign stamps b It + is / was + Noun (thing) + that + V + O … Ex: Her absence at the party made me sad → It was her absence at the party that made me sad Nhấn mạnh túc từ (Object focus) a It + is / was + Noun / pronoun (person) + who(m) + S + V… Ex: I met Daisy on the way to school → It was Daisy who(m) I met on the way to school Note: Khi nhấn mạnh túc từ ta dùng who thay cho whom nhấn mạnh chủ từ khơng dùng whom thay cho who b It + is / was + Noun (thing) + that + S + V … Ex: My brother bought an old motorbike from our neighbor → It was an old motorbike that my brother bought from our neighbor Nhấn mạnh trạng từ (Adverbial focus) It + is / was + Adverbial phrase + that + S + V … Ex: - We first met in December → It was in December that we first met - Phan Thanh Gian was born in this village → It was in this village that Phan Thanh Gian was born Câu chẻ bị động (Cleft sentences in the passive) a It + is / was + Noun / pronoun (person) + who + be + P.P… Ex: Fans gave that singer a lot of flowers → It was that singer who was given a lot of flowers b It + is / was + Noun (thing) + that + be + P.P… Ex: People talk about this film → It is this film that is talked about - Fans gave that singer a lot of flowers → It was a lot of flowers that were given to that singer CONJUNCTIONS (Liên từ) Các liên từ cặp đôi both … and, not only … but also, either …or, neither … nor dùng để cấu tạo cấu trúc song hành Từ, cụm từ hay mệnh đề nối liền liên từ ln có cấu trúc, chức từ loại both … and (vừa …vừa …, …lẫn …) Ex: She is both intelligent and beautiful (adjectives) Both his brother and his sister are students (nouns) 13 Ngữ Pháp Tiếng Anh 11 Note: Khi hai chủ từ nối liền both … and, động từ hình thức số nhiều not only … but also (không / … mà còn) Ex: He studies not only English but also French (nouns) The film was not only boring but also long (adjectives) She not only sings beautifully but also plays the piano well either …or (hoặc …hoặc) Ex: You either must work hard or will fail (verbs) Either you or he is going to be on duty (pronouns) neither … nor (không … không) Ex: She likes neither tea nor coffee (nouns) My father neither smokes nor drinks (verbs) Note: - Khi hai chủ từ nối not only … but also, either … or, neither … nor, động từ hòa hợp với chủ từ trước Ex: Not only his friends but also his brother gives him presents - Khi not only … but also nối liền hai mệnh đề đứng đầu câu, phải đảo ngữ mệnh đề thứ Ex: Not only does he speak English but he also speaks French - Động từ câu có cặp liên từ neither … nor dạng khẳng định Ex: My father neither smokes nor drinks COULD / BE ABLE TO COULD: dạng khứ can, dùng diễn tả: - khả (phổ quát, chung chung) khứ Ex: When I was six, I could drive a bike - lời yêu cầu lich Ex: Could you show me the way to the post office? - điều xảy tương lai không chắn Ex: It could rain this afternoon (Có thể chiều trời mưa.) BE ABLE TO: có hình thức q khứ was / were able to + V1, diễn tả cố gắng hồn tất hành động tình đặc biệt Ex: The fire spread through the building quickly but we all were able to escape The player hurt in his leg, but he was able to play to the end TAG QUESTIONS (Câu hỏi đuôi) Câu hỏi đuôi gồm có hai phần: câu nói (statement) phần (tag) statement, tag? Quy tắc chung: - Câu nói phần ln dạng đối câu nói khẳng định, phủ định? câu nói phủ định, khẳng định? Ex: The children are playing in the yard, aren’t they? They can’t swim, can they? - Chủ từ câu nói đại từ, ta lặp lại đại từ 14 Ngữ Pháp Tiếng Anh 11 Ex: She is a doctor, isn’t she? - Chủ từ danh từ, ta dùng đại từ tương ứng thay Ex: People speak English all over the world, don’t they? - Đại từ bất định nothing, everything: thay “it” Ex: Everything is ready, isn’t it? - Các đại từ no one, nobody, someone, somebody, everyone, everybody, anyone, anybody: thay “they” Ex: Someone called me last night, didn’t they? - Đại từ this / that thay “it”; these / those thay “they” Ex:That is his car, isn’t it? These are your new shoes, aren’t they? - “There” cấu trúc “there + be” dùng lại phần đuôi Ex: There aren’t any students in the classroom, are there? - Câu nói có trợ động từ (will / can / shall / should / is / are …): trợ động từ lặp lại phần đuôi Ex: You will come early, won’t you? - Câu nói khơng có trợ động từ: trợ động từ / does / did dùng phần đuôi Ex: It rained yesterday, didn’t it? She works in a restaurant, doesn’t she? - Câu nói có chứa từ phủ định phần khẳng đ5nh Ex: He never comes late, does he? Note: Động từ phần phủ định ln viết dạng rút gọn Một số trường hợp đặc biệt: - Phần đuôi I AM AREN’T I Ex: I am writing a letter, aren’t I? - Phần đuôi Let’s SHALL WE Ex: Let’s go out tonight, shall we? - Câu mệnh lệnh khẳng định: + dùng phần đuôi WON’T YOU để diễn tả lời mời + dùng phần đuôi WILL / WOULD / CAN / CAN’T YOU để diễn tả lời yêu cầu lịch Ex: Have a piece of cake, won’t you? Close the door, will you? - Câu mệnh lệnh phủ định: dùng phần đuôi WILL YOU để diễn tả lời yêu cầu lịch Ex: Please don’t smoke her, will you? - Phần đuôi ought to SHOULDN’T Ex: She ought to exercise every morning, shouldn’t she? PASSIVE SENTENCES (Câu bị động) Cách chuyển từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động: Active S+V+O Passive S + be* + P.P + by + O (* be chia theo V) Ex: They are painting the house → The house is being painted They had destroyed all the documents when we arrived → All the documents had been destroyed when we arrived 15 Ngữ Pháp Tiếng Anh 11 Thay đổi hình thức động từ cụ thể thì: TENSES Simple Present Present continuous Simple Past Past continuous Present Perfect Past Perfect Simple Future Modal verbs Verbs of perception Causative form ACTIVE S + V1-s/es S + am / is / are + V-ing S + V-ed / V2 S + was / were + V-ing S + have / has + PP S + had + PP S + will + V1 can may must S + have to + V1 should used to be going to see hear S + watch + O + V1 make let S + have + O (người) + V1 + O (vật) S + get + O (người) + toinf + O (vật) PASSIVE S + am / is / are + PP S + am / is / are + being + PP S + was / were + PP S + was / were + being + PP S + have / has + been + PP S + had + been + PP S + will + be + PP can may must S + have to + be + V3 should used to be going to seen heard S + be + watched + to – inf made let S + have / get + O (vật) + V3 (+ by + O (người)) * Verbs of reporting: (động từ ý kiến: say, think, know, report, believe…) - Active People (they) + say (said) + that S2 V2 O2 - Passive: It + is / was + said + that am/ is/ are S2 + said was/ were khơng that S2 V2 O2 to-inf O2 to have + V3 BÀI TẬP CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN (CONDITIONAL SENTENCES) Exercise 1: Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form: If I see him , I _ (give ) him a gift If I had a typewriter, I _ (type) it myself If I had known that you were in hospital, I _ (visit) you You could make better progress if you _ (attend) class regularly If I _ (know) his telephone number, I’d give it to you If you _ (arrive) ten minutes earlier, you would have got a seat 16 Ngữ Pháp Tiếng Anh 11 If he worked more slowly, he _ (not make) so many mistakes I shouldn’t drink that wine if I _ (be) you If I _ (find) a cheap room, I will stay a fortnight 10 A lot of people _ (be) out of work if the factory closed down Exercise 2: Make conditional sentences: Keep silent or you’ll wake the baby up →If …………………………………………… … ……… Stop talking or you won’t understand the lesson.→ If …………………………………… ….…… I don’t know her number, so I don’t ring her up.→ If …………………………………… ….…… I don’t know the answer, so I can’t tell you.→ If …………………………………………….……… We got lost because we didn’t have a map.→ If …………………………………….…… …….…… Susan felt sick because she ate four cream cakes →…………………………………………… …… Without this treatment, the patient would have died →……………………………………….….… He lost his job because he was late every day →……………………………………………… …… Peter is fat because he eats so many chips →…………………………………………………… … 10 Robert got a bad cough because he started smoking cigarettes →……………………………… … Exercise 3: Use UNLESS instead of IF EX: If you not study hard, you will fail the exam Unless you study hard , you will fail the exam If you not like this one, I’ll bring you another Unless……………………………………………… If she does not hurry, she’ll be late Unless ……………………………………………… If you are not careful, you’ll cut yourself Unless …………………………………………………… if you had not sneezed, he wouldn’t have known that we were there Unless …………………………………………………… Exercise 4: One of the four underlined parts marked A, B, C, D in each sentence is not correct in standard English Identify them If Lucia had been here now, she would find out the truth about her uncle’s accident A B C D If a student takes a course on Computer Science, it will take him four years doing the course A B C D Unless it did not rain, Peter would pay us a visit A B C D If had I known you were in financial difficulty, I would have helped you A B C D If I had knew the time when the match started, I would have told you A B C D If she had finished the work, she can go home A B C D If I had spoken more confident at the interview, they would have offered me the job A B C D If we had had a map, we would not be lost yesterday A B C D Had I known Alice’s address, I would write to her A B C D 10 If I had realized that the traffic lights were red, I would stop A B C D 11 If had you sent the application form to that company, you would have been offered a job A B C D 12 He spends money carelessly as if he was a millionaire 17 Ngữ Pháp Tiếng Anh 11 A B C D 13 Unless you work harder, you will be sack because of your laziness A B C D 14 Unless there had been the heavy storm, the climbers will not have died A B C D 15 She has found that nobody can help her if she did not try her best to it herself A B C D Exercise 6: Choose the best answer for each of the following sentences _have enough apples, she’ll make an apple pie this afternoon A.Should she B If she C Will she D Unless she If you _to me, you wouldn’t have got so much trouble A listened B would listen C had listened D Would have listened If you don’t know how to spell a word, you _ look it up in the dictionary A must B will C should D ought If the sun _, we _for a walk A shines / will go B shone / will go C shone / would go D had shone / would go The campfire _ if it _ last night A wouldn’t be cancelled / hadn’t rained B wouldn’t have been cancelled / hadn’t rained C would have been cancelled / hadn’t rained D will be cancelled / rains But for our parents, we _ successful in life A will never be B would never be C wouldn’t have be D would have never been If I _ my wallet at home this morning, I _ money for lunch now A leave / will have B didn’t leave / would have C hadn’t left / would have D hadn’t left / would have had It is too bad, Lam isn’t here If he _ here, he _ what to A were / would know B is / will know C had been / would have known D was / would know If we _ the plans carefully, we would not have had so many serious mistakes A study B had studied C studied D were studying 10 I will never talk to you again _ you apologize me _ your being rude A if / for B unless / for C or / of D whether / or 11 _ if you work harder, you will be sacked A Whether B If C However D Unless 12 I think you should stop smoking A If I am you, I will stop smoking B If I were you, I will stop smoking C If I were you, I would stop smoking D If I had been you, I would stop smoking 13 If you take the ice out of the fridge, it _ A vaporizes B melts C heats D disappears 14 We should something to protect water from being polluted _we will have nothing to drink in the future A if B whether C or D unless 15 Let’s knock on their door to see _ home A if they’re B unless they’re C whether they were D if they were 16 Unless we _ more snow, we can’t go skiing A will have B have C have had D had 17 You’ll fail the exam _ you start revising A if B until C when D unless 18 Unless you wash the car, you _ not drive it at the weekend A would B could C have to D may 19 If Peter _ his car before the drive, he _ the problem of out of petrol A checked / will not get B had checked / would not have got 18 Ngữ Pháp Tiếng Anh 11 C checks / will not have got D would be checking / will not have got 20 He stepped on the mine, and it exploded A If he doesn’t step on the mine, it doesn’t explode B If he doesn’t step on the mine, it won’t explode C If he didn’t step on the mine, it wouldn’t explode D If he hadn’t stepped on the mine, it wouldn’t have exploded 21 In my experiments, the liquid is cooled to 32ºF It always freezes A If you cool the liquid to 32 degrees, it froze B If you cooled the liquid to 32 degrees, it would freeze C If you cool the liquid to 32 degrees, it will freeze D If you had cooled the liquid to 32 degrees, it would have frozen 22 It may rain this afternoon I hope it doesn’t because I don’t want the match to be cancelled A If it rains, the match is cancelled B If it rains, the match will be cancelled C if it rained, the match would be cancelled D If it had rained, the match would have been cancelled 23 Unfortunately, I don’t know Philosophy, so I can’t answer your question A If I know Philosophy, I can answer your question B If I know Philosophy, I will be able to answer your question C If I knew Philosophy, I would be able to answer your question D If I had known Philosophy, I would have been able to answer your question 24 _ there are some more ideas, we can end the meeting now A If B As if C Unless D In case 25 If he _ with us now, he _ the beauty of nature of the National Park A is / can enjoy B was / will enjoy C has been / would enjoy D were / could enjoy 26 If they had searched more carefully, they…the watch sooner A will find B would find C found D would have found 27 If I had got up early, I _ to have breakfast now A have B.I had C would have D would have had 28 I cannot buy a new computer _ I save enough money A if B even if C unless D as if 29 Most people you meet will be polite to you _ A if you are polite to them B if you will be polite to them C unless you are polite to them D if you were polite to them 30 If you so, it _ the matter worse A makes only B would only make C will only make D had only made 31 You _ English fluently unless you practice it every day A will speak B will not speak C can speak D did not speak 32 Hurry up _ you will miss the bus and be late for school A if B and C or D as 33 You will get a good seat if you _ first A come B came C have come D will come 34 Sam will not graduate _ A if he passed all the tests B if he does not pass all the tests C unless he passes all the tests D unless he had passed all the tests 35 If I had time, I would go with you A.I am free and surely go with you B.I am too busy to go with you C I will go with you because I have time D I am free enough to go with you 36 If Margaret hadn’t been wearing a seat belt, she… Injured A has been B would has been C would be D would have been 37 If I _ the rain yesterday, I _ ill A had not caught / would have been B had not caught / would have not been C have not caught / were not D have not caught / would have been 19 Ngữ Pháp Tiếng Anh 11 38 He looked frightened as if he _ a ghost A sees B is seeing C has seen D had seen 39 What _if there _ a serious nuclear accident A will happen / was B happens / were C would happen / were D would happen / had been Exercise 7: Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form: If I (know)………………………… that you were ill, I (go)……………………… to see you If she'd had enough money, She (buy) …………………………… a car I (buy) ……………………………………… a car If you lend me some money I (see) …………………………… him if I (go) ………………………… to the party last night We could have gone out if the weather (not be)……………………………………… so bad If the book (not be )…………………………… expensive, I'll buy it You would be very surprised if he (return)……………………………… I'll go out if it (not rain)……………………………… They wouldn't come to the party if you (not invite) ………………………………… them 10 What ……………………………… you (do) …………………… if you (be) ………………… him? 11 If that hat costs much, I (buy) …………………………… a small one 12 If you (drive) …………………… more carefully, you (have) ………………………… so many accidents 13 If I (make) …………………………… that mistake again, my teacher (get) ……………………… angry with me 14 If I spoke English, my job (be) …………………………… a lot easier 15 If he (go) ……………………………… to London yesterday, he ( meet) ……………………………… his old friend 16 I will lend them some money if they (ask) …………………………… me 17 If we had known who he was, we (invite) ………………………… him to speak at our meeting 18 My dog (bark) …………………………… if it (hear) ………………………… any strange sound 19 If I (have) ………………………… enough money, I would buy a house 20 They (not/let) …………………………… you in if you (come) late 21 If you (not go) ……………………………… away, I (send) ……………………………… for a policeman 22 If I (be) ………………………………… in your place, I (accept) …………………… Mr Anderson’s invitation 23 If I (win) …………………………… a big prize in a lottery, I’d give up my job 24 If I (be) ……………………………… you, I (tell) …………………………… the truth 25 I was busy If I (have) ………………………… free time I (go) …………………………… to the cinema with you 26 Why didn’t you attend the meeting? Oh, I did not know If I (know)……………………… I (come) …………………… there 27 What ……………….we(do)……………………… if they not come tomorrow? 28 If I had enough time now, I (write) ……………………………… to my parents 29 It’s too bad Helen isn’t here If she (be) ………………………… here, she (know) ………………… what to 30 If I (eat) …………………………… breakfast tomorrow morning, I (get) ………………………… hungry during class 31 If she (come) ……………………………… late again, she (lose) …………………………… her job 32 I (let) …………………………… you know if I (find) …………………………………… out what’s happening 20 Ngữ Pháp Tiếng Anh 11 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 If we (live) ……………………………… in a town, life would be better I’m sure he wouldn’t mind if we (arrive) …………………………… early We (phone) …………………………………… you if we have time If I won the lottery, I (give) ……………………………… you half the money It (be) …………………………………… a pity if she married Fred If I’m free on Saturday, I (go) ………………………… to the mountains She (have) …………………………… a nervous breakdown if she goes on like this I know I (feel) better if I (stop) …………………… smoking If I (be) …………………… you, I (help) ………………………… him I (understand)…………………………………… him if he (speak) …………………………… more slowly 43 He didn’t listen to the teacher If he (listen) ………………………… carefully, he (perform) …………………… well in the examination 44 He’s waiting for his mother to come back from Chicago If his mother (come) ………………………… home, he (have) …………………………………… a lot of presents 45 He wanted to buy some Christmas presents but he couldn’t If he (afford) …………………………… to buy, his children (be) …………………………… very happy to greet a new year 46 The kitchen will look better if we (have) ………………………………… red curtains 47 If I knew his address, I (go) ……………………… round and see him 48 If you (not be) …………………… so busy, I (show) ………………………… you how to play 49 It (be) ………………………………… quicker if you (use) a computer 50 If we (have) ………………………………… some eggs, I (make) ………………………………… you a cake 51 Bring him another if he (not/like) ……………………………… this one 52 She (be) ………………………… angry if she (hear) ………………………… this tomorrow 53 Unless you are more careful, you (have) …………………………… an accident 54 If you (like), I (get) ………………………………… you a job in this company 55 If grandmother (be) ……………………… years younger, she (play) ………………………… some games 56 If he sun (stop) …………………………… shinning, there (be) ………………………………………… no light on earth 57 If I (be) ………………………………… a millionaire, I (live) …………………… on Mars Exercise 8: Choose the best answer: If I ……….a lot of money now, I ………… a new car A have /will buy B have / would buy C had/ will buy D had/ would buy If I ……………you, I …………….do that A am/ will B were /would C were/ will D had been/ would if I were offered the job, I think I ……… it A take B will take C would take D would have taken I would be very surprised if he…………… A refuses B refused C had refused D would refuse Many people would be out of work if that factory……… down A closes B had closed C closed D would close If she sold her car, she ………… much money A gets b would get c will get d would have got They would be disappointed if we…………… a hadn’t come b wouldn’t come c don’t come d didn’t come Would John be angry if I …… ……his bicycle without asking? a take b took c had taken d would take 21 Ngữ Pháp Tiếng Anh 11 She ……….terrible upset if I lost this ring a will be b would be c were d had been 10 If someone…………in here with a gun, I would be very frightened a would walk b walks c had walked d walked 11 What would happen if you …………… to work tomorrow? a don’t go b didn’t go c won’t go d wouldn’t go 12 We ‘ll get wet if we ………….out a go b did go c went d had gone 13 If I go shopping, I ………some food a buy b will buy c would buy d would have bought 14 If I find it, I ………you a will tell b would tell c had told d told 15 What would you if you……………a million dollars? a would win b win c had won d won 16 They ‘d be hurt if I ……………… a don’t go b didn’t go c hadn’t gone d wouldn’t go 17 If we took the 6: 30 train, we…………too early a would have arrived b arrived c will arrived d would arrive 18 If I had known you were in hospital, I …………to see you a will go b would go c went d would have gone 19 If I …………., I would have said hello a had seen b see c saw d would see 20 I………… out if I hadn’t been so tired a will go b went c would have gone d would go 21 If I ……… a camera, I would have taken some pictures a have b had c would have d had had 22 You won’t pass the examination……………you study more a as long as b unless c if d whether 23 If only I …………you wanted to invest money in business a had known b knew c have known d know 24 If I were to leave my country , I ……………disappointed a probably be b would have been c will be d would be 25 If he hadn’t wasted too much time, he…………….in his examination a would fail b wouldn’t fail c wouldn’t have failed d won’t fail 26 If I had taken that English course, I ……… much progress a had made b would have made c made d would make 27 If I were in your place, I ……….a trip to England a will make b had made c made d would make 28 If I ………… you , I’d save some of your lottery winning a be b werec am d was 29 If the car ……… larger, we would have bought it a had been b have been c has been d been 30 If I had enough money, I ……… abroad to improve my English a will go b should go c would go d should have go to Exercise 9: Rewrite the following sentences: He can’t go out because he has to study for his exam => If………………………………………………… She is lazy so she can’t pass the exam If………………………………………………………… He will pay me tonight; I will have enough money to buy a car => If…………………………………………………………… 22 Ngữ Pháp Tiếng Anh 11 He smokes too much; that’s why he can’t get rid of his cough => If…………………………………………………………… She is very shy, so she doesn’t enjoy the party => If…………………………………………………………… I will get a work permit I will stay for another month => If…………………………………………………………… He doesn’t take any exercises He is so unhealthy => If……………………………………………………………… We can’t get the ticket because I don’t have the right change => If……………………………………………………………… Study hard or you won’t pass the exam => If………………………………………………………………… 10 Don’t be impatient or you will make mistakes => If…………………………………………………………………… 11 I didn’t eat lunch, I feel hungry now => If I………… ………………………………… 12 I only come if they invite me => unless……………………………………………… 13 He didn’t revise all his lessons, he failed the exam => If he……………………………………………………… 14 The park is over there, only minutes’ walk => If you walk……………………………………………… 15 Leave me alone or I’ll call the police =>Unless…………………………………………………………………………………… 16 If you arrive at the office earlier than I do, please turn on the air-conditioner => Should……………………………………………………………………………… 17 The children don’t go to school in the snowy weather => If it ……………………………………………………………………………… 18 He died so young; otherwise, he would be a famous musician by now =>Had ……………………………………………………………………………… 19 You must tell me the whole truth or I won’t help you => Unless……………………………………………………………………………… 20 The car breaks down so often because you don’t take good care of it => Were I……………………………………………………………………………… 21 He is very bad-tempered, that’s why his wife left him soon after marriage => If he……………………………………………………………………………… 22 Don’t tell lies to your boss or you’ll be fired at once => If…………………………………………………………………………… 23 She got married at such an early age: otherwise, she would be at university now => Had ………………………………………………………………………… - 23 Exercise 10: One of the four underlined parts marked A, B, C, D in each sentence is not correct in standard English Identify them If we will reduce the speed of population growth, there will be less pressure on the earth A b c d Unless we leave a bowl of water under the sun, it will evaporate A b c d If we continue to use fuels at the current rate, we would soon have to face a fuel crisis A b c d If I am 10 centimeters taller, I would play basketball A b c d If the doctors could find in the remedy, a lot of people would be saved 23 Ngữ Pháp Tiếng Anh 11 A b c d If she bought that house now, she ran out of money A b c d What you would if you could speak French well? A b c d If I had known he is not at home, I wouldn’t have gone all the way to his house A b c d If I had known that the road were flooded, I would never have taken that way A b c d 10 If I were you, I will go to the dentist’s and have the tooth checked a b c d Exercise 11: Rewrite the following sentences We can’t go out because he has to study for his exam => If………………………………………… ……… She is lazy so she can’t pass the exam => If…………………………………………………………………… He will pay me tonight; I will have enough money to buy a car => If………………………………………… He smokes too much; that’s why he can’t get rid of his cough => If………………………………………… She is very shy, so she doesn’t enjoy the party => If………………………………………… ……………… He doesn’t take any exercises He is so unhealthy => If………………………………………… …………… Study hard or you won’t pass the exam => If………………………………………… ……………………… Don’t be impatient or you will make mistakes => If………………………………………… ……………… I didn’t eat lunch, I feel hungry now => If I………… ……………………………………………………… 10 If you want my advice, I wouldn’t buy it => If I ………… …………………………………………………… 11 I only come if they invite me => Unless……………………………………………………………………… 12 He didn’t revise all his lessons, he failed the exam => If he………………………………………… ……… 20 Leave me alone or I’ll call the police => Unless…………………………………………………………… 24 Ngữ Pháp Tiếng Anh 11 Exercise 12: One of the four underlined parts marked A, B, C, D in each sentence is not correct in standard English Identify them If we will reduce the speed of population growth, there will be less pressure on the earth Unless we leave a bowl of water under the sun, it will evaporate If we continue to use fuels at the current rate, we would soon have to face a fuel crisis If I am 10 centimeters taller, I would play basketball If the doctors could find in the remedy, a lot of people would be saved If she bought that house now, she ran out of money What you would if you could speak French well? If I had known he is not at home, I wouldn’t have gone all the way to his house If I had known that the road were flooded, I would never have taken that way 10 If I were you, I will go to the dentist’s and have the tooth checked Exercise 13: Gạch chân đáp án đúng: 1) If that hat costs much, I (would have bought/will buy/bought/would buy) a small one 2) If you (drive/drove/had driven/driven) more carefully, you wouldn’t have had so many accidents 3) If I (make/makes/made/had made) that mistake again, my teacher will get angry with me 4) If I spoke English, my job (was/were/will be/would be) a lot easier 5) If he (goes/went/had gone/would go) to London yesterday, he (met/would meet/had met/would have met) his old friend 6) I will lend them some money if they (ask/will ask/asked/had asked) me 7) If we had known who he was, we (would have invited/have invited/will invite/would invite) him to speak at our meeting 8) My dog will bark if it (hear/hears/heard/had heard) any strange sound 9) If I (had/had had/will have/have) enough money, I would buy a house 10) They (won’t let/not let/wouldn’t let/hadn’t let) you in if you come late 11) If you (not go/don’t go/hadn’t gone/didn’t go) away, I’ll send for a policeman 12) If I (were/am/be/was) in your place, I would accept Mr Anderson’s invitation 13) If I (win/had won/won/winning) a big prize in a lottery, I’d give up my job 14) If I (is/am/was/were) you, I (will tell/told/would tell/would have told) the truth 15) I was busy If I (have/had/had had/have had) free time I (would go/will go/would have gone/go) to the cinema with you 16) Why didn’t you attend the meeting? Oh, I did not know If I (know/knew/had known/known) I (would come/would have come/will come/had come) there 25 Ngữ Pháp Tiếng Anh 11 17) What (would/will/did/had) we if they not come tomorrow? 18) If I had enough time now, I (would write/write/will write/wrote) to my parents 19) It’s too bad Helen isn’t here If she (is/was/were/are) here, she (will know/knows/would know/would have known) what to 20) If I don’t eat breakfast tomorrow morning, I (will get/got/would get/had got) hungry during class 21) If she (come/comes/came/had come) late again, she’ll lose her job 22) I’ll let you know if I (find/finds/found/had found) out what’s happening 23) If we (live/lived/would live/had lived) in a town, life would be better 24) I’m sure he wouldn’t mind if we (arrive/arriving/arrived/had arrived) early 25) We (will phone/would phone/phoned/had phoned) you if we have time 26) If I won the lottery, I (gave/had given/will give/would give) you half the money 27) It (will/would/can/may) be a pity if she married Fred 28) If I’m free on Saturday, I (to go/could go/went/can go) to the mountains 29) She (will has/had/will have/have) a nervous breakdown if she goes on like this 30) I know I’ll feel better if I (will stop/stopped/stop/had stopped) smoking 31) If I (am/were/will be/had been) you, I would help him 32) I could have understood him if he (speaks/spoke/had spoken/would speak) more slowly 33) He didn’t listen to the teacher If he (listens/listened/has listened/had listened) carefully, he (will performed/would perform/would have performed/had performed) well in the examination 34) He’s waiting for his mother to come back from Chicago If his mother (come/comes/will come/came) home, he (will has/will have/has/had) a lot of presents 35) He wanted to buy some Christmas presents but he couldn’t If he (afforded/affords/had afforded/would afford) to buy, his children (are/were/would have be/would have been) very happy to greet a new year 36) The kitchen will look better if we (have/had/had had/would have) red curtains 37) If I knew his address, I (go/will go/would go/went) round and see him 38) If you (hadn’t been/weren’t/aren’t/wouldn’t be) so busy, I would have shown you how to play 39) It (will be/would be/were/been) quicker if you use a computer 40) If we have some eggs, I (made/makes/will make/would make) you a cake 26 ... (Defining relative clause): Được sử dụng danh từ danh từ không xác định Ex: The city which I visited last summer is very beautiful 11 Ngữ Pháp Tiếng Anh 11 (Defining relative clause) 2 Mệnh đề... can’t swim, can they? - Chủ từ câu nói đại từ, ta lặp lại đại từ 14 Ngữ Pháp Tiếng Anh 11 Ex: She is a doctor, isn’t she? - Chủ từ danh từ, ta dùng đại từ tương ứng thay Ex: People speak English all... B C D 11 If had you sent the application form to that company, you would have been offered a job A B C D 12 He spends money carelessly as if he was a millionaire 17 Ngữ Pháp Tiếng Anh 11 A B