Các bài tập về ĐẢO NGỮ

Các bài tập về ĐẢO NGỮ tài liệu, giáo án, bài giảng , luận văn, luận án, đồ án, bài tập lớn về tất cả các lĩnh vực kinh...

EXERCISES I. Choose the most suitable words underlined. 1. Jim promised that he would never/ never would he tell anyone else. 2. Not until it was too late I remembered / did I remember I call Susan. 3. Hardly had we settle down in our seats than/when the lights went out. 4. Only after checking three times I was/was I certain of the answer. 5. At no time I was aware/was I aware of anything out of usual. 6. Only Mary sang Sally passed/ did they pass the final examination. 7. So the waves were high / So high were the waves that swimming was dangerous. 8. Only when Peter has arrived / has Peter arrived can we begin the program. 9. No sooner had it stopped raining than/when the sun came out. 10. If should you leave early / should you leave early could you leave me a lift? II. Rewrite these sentences, using NEVER. 1. She has never been so happy before. …………………………………………………………………………………… 2. I have never heard such nonsense! …………………………………………………………………………………… 3. I have never seen such a mess in my life. …………………………………………………………………………………… 4. Our profits this year are higher than they have ever been. …………………………………………………………………………………… 5. She would never again trust her own judgment when buying antiques. …………………………………………………………………………………… 6. The firm has never before laid on such a sumptuous celebration. …………………………………………………………………………………… 7. I’ve never come across such a horrifying film. …………………………………………………………………………………… 8. I have never been so moved by a Shakespeare production. …………………………………………………………………………………… 9. I never for one moment thought the consequences would be so far- reaching. …………………………………………………………………………………… 10. I had never tasted such a wonderful combination of flavors before. …………………………………………………………………………………… II. Rewrite these sentences, using RARELY, SELDOM or LITTLE. 1. One rarely find good service these days. …………………………………………………………………………………… 2. She has rarely traveled more than fifty miles from her village. …………………………………………………………………………………… 3. It is very unusual for a military campaign to have been fought with so little loss of life. …………………………………………………………………………………… 4. It is unusual for the interior of the island to be visited by tourists. …………………………………………………………………………………… 5. Public borrowing has seldom been so high. …………………………………………………………………………………… 6. They had seldom participated in such a fascinating ceremony. …………………………………………………………………………………… 7. They little suspected that the musical was going to be a runaway success. …………………………………………………………………………………… 8. The embassy staff little realized that Ted was a secret agent. …………………………………………………………………………………… 9. She didn’t realized what would happen to her next. …………………………………………………………………………………… 10. I didn’t think that one day I’d be appearing in films rather then just watching them. …………………………………………………………………………………… III. Rewrite these sentences, using IN, AT , UNDER, or ON. 1. Keith certainly can’t be held responsible for the accident. …………………………………………………………………………………… 2. The children themselves are not in any way to blame for the disaster. ………………………………………………………………………………… 3.The existence of extraterrestrial is not confirmed by the report. ………………………………………………………………………………………4. I was never shown how to operate the machinery. ……………………………………………………………………………………5. He never suspected that she was a witch. …………………………………………………………………………………… 6. There has never been a time when the English language was not in a state of change. ………………………………………………………………………………… . 7. Miss Weaver will not be offered the job under any circumstances. …………………………………………………………………………………… 8. You should not send money to us by post under any circumstances. …………………………………………………………………………………… 9.We can’t exchange tickets in any circumstances. …………………………………………………………………………………… 10.I won’t go out that way to visit him again on my account! …………………………………………………………………………………… IV. Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with NOT. 1. He is my friend as well as yours. …………………………………………………………………………………… 2. He booked tickets for the afternoon CÁC D NG BÀI T P Đ O NG I Choose the most suitable words underlined Jim promised that he would never/ never would he tell anyone else Not until it was too late I remembered / did I remember I call Susan Hardly had we settle down in our seats than/when the lights went out Only after checking three times I was/was I certain of the answer At no time I was aware/was I aware of anything out of usual Only Mary sang Sally passed/ did they pass the final examination So the waves were high / So high were the waves that swimming was dangerous Only when Peter has arrived / has Peter arrived can we begin the program No sooner had it stopped raining than/when the sun came out 10 If should you leave early / should you leave early could you leave me a lift? II Rewrite these sentences, using NEVER She has never been so happy before …………………………………………………………………………………… I have never heard such nonsense! …………………………………………………………………………………… I have never seen such a mess in my life …………………………………………………………………………………… Our profits this year are higher than they have ever been …………………………………………………………………………………… She would never again trust her own judgment when buying antiques 5 She would never again trust her own judgment when buying antiques …………………………………………………………………………………… The firm has never before laid on such a sumptuous celebration …………………………………………………………………………………… I’ve never come across such a horrifying film …………………………………………………………………………………… I have never been so moved by a Shakespeare production …………………………………………………………………………………… I never for one moment thought the consequences would be so far- reaching …………………………………………………………………………………… 10 I had never tasted such a wonderful combination of flavors before …………………………………………………………………………………… III Rewrite these sentences, using IN, AT, UNDER, or ON Keith certainly can’t be held responsible for the accident …………………………………………………………………………………… The children themselves are not in any way to blame for the disaster ………………………………………………………………………………… The existence of extraterrestrial is not confirmed by the report …………………………………………………………………………………… I was never shown how to operate the machinery …………………………………………………………………………………… He never suspected that she was a witch …………………………………………………………………………………… There has never been a time when the English language was not in a state of change ………………………………………………………………………………… Miss Weaver will not be offered the job under any circumstances …………………………………………………………………………………… You should not send money to us by post under any circumstances …………………………………………………………………………………… We can’t exchange tickets in any circumstances …………………………………………………………………………………… 10.I won’t go out that way to visit him again on my account! …………………………………………………………………………………… IV Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with NOT He is my friend as well as yours …………………………………………………………………………………… He booked tickets for the afternoon performance and the evening performance as well …………………………………………………………………………………… Burglars stole a thousand pounds’ worth of electrical goods, and left the flat in an awful mess …………………………………………………………………………………… Tony was not only late, but he had left all his books behind …………………………………………………………………………………… You will enhance your posture and improve your acting ability on this course …………………………………………………………………………………… It isn’t worth considering his suggestion for a moment …………………………………………………………………………………… She didn’t shed a tear when the story ended in tragedy …………………………………………………………………………………… The manager not once offered us an apology …………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… She made no sound as she crept upstairs …………………………………………………………………………………… 10 He only thought about having a holiday abroad after he retired ………………………………………………………………………………… V Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with ONLY I only realized how dangerous the situation had been when I got home …………………………………………………………………………………… It wasn’t until last week that the Agriculture Minister admitted defeat …………………………………………………………………………………… I understood Hamlet only after seeing it on the stage …………………………………………………………………………………… They didn’t get round to business until they had finished eating …………………………………………………………………………………… They had to wait for twelve hours before their flight left …………………………………………………………………………………… I didn’t realize who he was until later …………………………………………………………………………………… The door could not be opened without using force …………………………………………………………………………………… I won’t agree until Tom’s apologized …………………………………………………………………………………… To get the 40% discount, you must buy all twelve books at the same time …………………………………………………………………………………… 10 The only way you can become a good athlete is by training hard every day …………………………………………………………………………………… VI Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with SHOULD If the Government were forced into another election, it would be the favourite to win …………………………………………………………………………………… If you should wish to make an appointment to see Dr Simons, she is available between 9.00 and 11.00 ... EXERCISES I. Choose the most suitable words underlined. 1. Jim promised that he would never/ never would he tell anyone else. 2. Not until it was too late I remembered / did I remember I call Susan. 3. Hardly had we settle down in our seats than/when the lights went out. 4. Only after checking three times I was/was I certain of the answer. 5. At no time I was aware/was I aware of anything out of usual. 6. Only Mary sang Sally passed/ did they pass the final examination. 7. So the waves were high / So high were the waves that swimming was dangerous. 8. Only when Peter has arrived / has Peter arrived can we begin the program. 9. No sooner had it stopped raining than/when the sun came out. 10. If should you leave early / should you leave early could you leave me a lift? II. Rewrite these sentences, using NEVER. 1. She has never been so happy before. …………………………………………………………………………………… 2. I have never heard such nonsense! …………………………………………………………………………………… 3. I have never seen such a mess in my life. …………………………………………………………………………………… 4. Our profits this year are higher than they have ever been. …………………………………………………………………………………… 5. She would never again trust her own judgment when buying antiques. …………………………………………………………………………………… 6. The firm has never before laid on such a sumptuous celebration. …………………………………………………………………………………… 7. I’ve never come across such a horrifying film. …………………………………………………………………………………… 8. I have never been so moved by a Shakespeare production. …………………………………………………………………………………… 9. I never for one moment thought the consequences would be so far- reaching. …………………………………………………………………………………… 10. I had never tasted such a wonderful combination of flavors before. …………………………………………………………………………………… II. Rewrite these sentences, using RARELY, SELDOM or LITTLE. 1. One rarely find good service these days. …………………………………………………………………………………… 2. She has rarely traveled more than fifty miles from her village. …………………………………………………………………………………… 3. It is very unusual for a military campaign to have been fought with so little loss of life. …………………………………………………………………………………… 4. It is unusual for the interior of the island to be visited by tourists. …………………………………………………………………………………… 5. Public borrowing has seldom been so high. …………………………………………………………………………………… 6. They had seldom participated in such a fascinating ceremony. …………………………………………………………………………………… 7. They little suspected that the musical was going to be a runaway success. …………………………………………………………………………………… 8. The embassy staff little realized that Ted was a secret agent. …………………………………………………………………………………… 9. She didn’t realized what would happen to her next. …………………………………………………………………………………… 10. I didn’t think that one day I’d be appearing in films rather then just watching them. …………………………………………………………………………………… III. Rewrite these sentences, using IN, AT , UNDER, or ON. 1. Keith certainly can’t be held responsible for the accident. …………………………………………………………………………………… 2. The children themselves are not in any way to blame for the disaster. ………………………………………………………………………………… 3.The existence of extraterrestrial is not confirmed by the report. ……………………………………………………………………………………… 4. I was never shown how to operate the machinery. …………………………………………………………………………………… 5. He never suspected that she was a witch. …………………………………………………………………………………… 6. There has never been a time when the English language was not in a state of change. ………………………………………………………………………………… . 7. Miss Weaver will not be offered the job under any circumstances. …………………………………………………………………………………… 8. You should not send money to us by post under any circumstances. …………………………………………………………………………………… 9.We can’t exchange tickets in any circumstances. …………………………………………………………………………………… 10.I won’t go out that way to visit him again on my account! …………………………………………………………………………………… IV. Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with NOT. 1. He is my friend as well as yours. …………………………………………………………………………………… 2. He booked tickets for the afternoon performance and SỞ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO THANH HÓA TRƯỜNG THPT MAI ANH TUẤN SÁNG KIẾN KINH NGHIỆM PHƯƠNG PHÁP GIẢI CÁC BÀI TẬP VỀ DAO ĐỘNG CƠ TẮT DẦN TRONG CHƯƠNG TRÌNH VẬT LÝ LỚP 12 - THPT Người thực hiện: Hoàng Văn Chín Chức vụ: Giáo viên Đơn vị: Trường THPT Mai Anh Tuấn SKKN thuộc môn: Vật lý Năm học: 2012 -2013 1 A. ĐẶT VẤN ĐỀ Từ thực tế trực tiếp giảng dạy học sinh ở trên lớp, sư trao đổi của các đồng nghiệp qua các năm gần đây, cũng như qua các tài liệu tham khảo tôi nhận thấy đại bộ phận học sinh đều coi bài tập dao động tắt dần là bài tập khó, khi vận dụng thì lúng túng, không có phương pháp chủ đạo để giải, thậm chí giải sai. Sở dĩ có thực trạng đó theo tôi là do phân phối của chương trình và theo chuẩn kiến thức kỹ năng có giới hạn nên khi dạy trên lớp các giáo viên không thể có thời gian để đi sâu vào phân tích một cách chi tiết các bài tập về dao động tắt dần để từ đó định hướng cho học sinh có hướng tự nghiên cứu. Đồng thời trong các tài liệu tham khảo hiện nay về dao động cơ tắt dần chưa có nhiều tài liệu trình bày một cách có hệ thống, các lời giải thiếu chi tiết, chưa được lập luận chặt chẽ. Từ những yếu tố đó dẫn đến đại bộ phận học sinh không thể hệ thống hóa được đầy đủ các dạng bài tập về dao động tắt dần, không thể tự phân tích, tổng hợp để hình thành phương pháp chủ đạo khi giải các bài toán về dao động cơ tắt dần. Vì những lý do trên nên tôi đã viết Sáng kiến kinh nghiệm này nhằm mục đích Hệ thống hóa các dạng bài tập thường gắp về Dao động tắt dần trong chương trình Vật lý lớp 12, trong đó tập trung chủ yếu vào bài tập dao động của Con lắc lò xo trên mặt phăng và Phương pháp giải. Trên cơ sở đó giúp cho học sinh có thể nhìn nhận một cách có hệ thống và có phương pháp giải nhanh gọn, đúng đắn về bài tập Dao đông tắt dần và có hướng nghiên cứu mở rộng thêm. Đồng thời cũng là tài liệu để các đồng nghiệp có thể tham khảo thêm trong quá trình giảng dạy. 2 B. GIẢI QUYẾT VẤN ĐỀ 1. Cơ sở lý luận. Để giải quyết được các vấn đề thì ở cấp độ THPT ta không đi sâu vào việc Chứng minh các công thức mà chỉ cần phải dựa trên những lý thuyết cơ bản về dao động cơ tắt dần như sau . 1.1. Định nghĩa - Nguyên nhân. - Định nghĩa: Dao động cơ tắt dần là dao động có biên độ ( hay cơ năng dao động) giảm dần theo thời gian. - Nguyên nhân: là do lực ma sát hay lực cản của môi trường sinh công trong hệ để biến đổi cơ năng dao động thành nhiệt năng tương ứng với sự giảm biên độ của dao động 1.2. Kiểu dao động tắt dần do chịu tác dụng lực ma sát khô ( ma sát trượt) - Phương trình dao động: mx’’ = - kx ± F ms Trong đó: - kx đóng vai trò là lực kéo về, F ms = mgµ ( F ms = mgµcos α) - Chu kỳ dao động tắt dần: Từ phương trình ta có chu kỳ dao động tắt dần bằng chu kỳ dao động riêng khi không có lực ma sát. - Điều kiện cân bằng ( vị trí vật dừng hẳn). Vị trí mà vật có thể dừng lại phải thỏa mãn đồng thời hai điều kiện * Vận tốc v = x’ = 0 * Độ lớn lực kéo về nhỏ hơn lực ma sát trượt ( ma sát nghỉ cực đại): µ mgxk ≤ Như vậy dẫn đến hệ có thể ngừng dao động ở vị trí cân bằng và cũng có thể không phải ở vị trí cân bằng - Độ giảm biên độ: Để đơn giản ta xét trường hợp con lắc lò xo nằm ngang với biên độ dao động ban đầu là A 0 thì cứ sau một nửa chu kỳ biên độ giảm đi một lượng a = 2mgµ/k và cứ sau một chu kỳ thì biên độ giảm đi ∆A = 4mgµ/k. Như vậy dẫn đến biên độ dao động sau mỗi nửa chu kỳ ( sau mỗi chu kỳ) sẽ giảm theo cấp số cộng với công sai d = a ( hoặc d = ∆A sau mỗi chu kỳ) 1.3. Kiểu dao động tắt dần do chịu tác dụng lực ma sát nhớt (môi trường) - Phương trình dao động: * Lực cản môi trường thường có dạng: vbF C   −= * Lực kéo về có dạng: F = - kx * Suy ra được mx’’ = - kx – b.x’ Hay: mx’’ + bx’ + kx = 0 Như vậy phương trình có dạng: )sin( 2 0 ϕω + − = t t m b eAx Trong đó: Biện độ t m b eAA 2 0 − = và 2 4 2 m b m k −= ω 3 - Chu kỳ dao động tắt dần: Từ phương trình ta có chu kỳ dao động tắt dần không bằng chu kỳ dao động riêng. Nhưng nếu b 2 << 4m 2 ta có thể coi Name: Class: Basis No 33 INVERSION Mark Exercise 1 1. Never ________ me again. a. will be she love b. she loves c. she won't love d. she will love 2. Not only_______ but she is also very intelligent a. she is beautiful b. beautiful she is c. is she beautiful d. beautiful is she 3. No sooner___________ out that it rained. a. did I go b. I went c. had I gone d. I had gone 4. Seldom___________ the guitar. a. he plays b. does he play c. he doesn't play d. he does play 5. Hardly___________a wrok whether son came back. a. couldn't she say b. she could say c. she couldn't say d. could she say 6. Often___________ a meeting. a. do we have b. we do have c. have we d. we have 7. Many a time___________ he wants to maary me a. said he b. he said c. has he said d. he has said 8. Only at weekend___________ my kids to Water Park a. I don't take b. do I take c. I take d. I do take 9. So old ___________ that she couldn't dance. a. She wasn't b. she was d. wasn't she d. was he 10. _______ here yesterday, you would have met me. a. Were you b. you were c. Had you been d. You had been 11. On the battle field___________ a. the tanks did lie b. the tanks lay c. did the tanks lie d. lay the tanks 12. At no time___________ greater opportunities. a. did women had b. has women had c. does women have d. have women had 13. Not once________ into her eyes. a. he looked b. does he looked c. did he look d. looked he 14. ___________ has the work bee so easy. a. Never b. only by c. When d. For 15. Now here___________ such cooperative staff. a. you can find b. you found c. you could find d. can you find 16. Never before___________ in an carnest attempt to resolve their differences. a. have the leaders of these two countries met b. the leaders of these two countries have met c. have the leaders of these two countries meet d. met the leaders of these two countries 17. Not only the child, but also the grandparents___________ a. is joining b. joins c. were joining d. has joined 18. Seldom___________ a newspaper. a. buys Anna b. does Anna buy c. bought Anna d. Anna does buy Last saved by Janny 1 4/8/2015 19. Not only__________ at the post office, ___________ at the grocery store. a. does Mary work/but she also works b. works Mary/but she also works c. does Mary work/but does she also work d. had entered she 20. No sooner___________ the house than the phone started to ring. a. had she entered b. she had entered c. entered she d. had entered she Exercise 2 1. Only by saving money___________ a house. a. he buys b. he can buy c. can he buy d. buy she 2. Not even once___________ the truth a. he tells b. he tell c. tells he d. has she told 3. Choose the correct inverted form. a. Into the room came the teachers b. Not only lazy she is but she is naughty c. No sooner had he drunk a cup of coffee than he asked another. d. A and care correct 4. Not only___________ beautiful but she is graceful as well. a. did she b. she was c. is she d. she is 5. No sooner___________ than he begins to be washed. a. is a human being born b. was a human being born c. a human being born d. a human being had been born 6. Seldom___________ treated like that. a. I have been b. am I c. I am d. I had been 7. Over there___________ the shop that sells souvenirs. a. is b. are c. has d. have 8. Never before___________ such a disaster. a. they suffer b. they have suffered c. had they suffered d. they had suffered 9. Only if I had known the difference___________ the more expensive car. a. would I bought b. I would have bought c. would I buy d. would I have bought 10. Neither Mary nor her friends___________ going to the party. a. is b. are c. was d. a or b 11. Only once a day___________ home. a. does Mary leave b. left Mary c. Mary leaves d. will Mary left 12. Only once a day___________ home. a. we can speak b. can we speak c. we speak d. we cannot speak 13. Many a time___________ this mistake. a. he makes b. he has made c. did he make d. will he make 14.