People who travel to work by bus often buy their tickets in advance.. People travelling to work by bus often buy their tickets in advance.. The man who was sentenced to 40 years in priso
Trang 1REDUCED FORMS OF RELATIVE CLAUSES
A / who / which / that ———> subject
* Relative clauses (Active) : V.ing
* Relative clauses (Passive) : V3 / ed
* the only to verb (active)
ordinal number (the first, the second, the third ) + relative clauses :
superlative comparison to be + V3 / ed (passive)
Examples :
1 People who travel to work by bus often buy their tickets in advance
People travelling to work by bus often buy their tickets in advance
2 The man who came to see me last night is standing overthere
The man coming to see me last night is standing overthere
3 The man who was sentenced to 40 years in prison had taken part in the bank robbery
The man sentenced to 40 years in prison had taken part in the Great bank robbery
4 The book which was bought by my father last week is on wild life
The book bought by my father last week is on wild life
5 He was the only person who survived the air crash.
He was the only person to survive the air crash
6 The fifth man who was interviewed was quite unsuitable.
The fifth man to be interviewed was quite unsuitable.
7 This is the largest ship that was built in Vietnam.
This is the largest ship to be built in Vietnam.
NOTE :
The boy who is sleeping on the floor is my son
The boy sleeping on the floor is my son
( on the floor is the modifier of the verb sleeping)
The boy who is sleeping is my son
The sleeping boy is my son
(the verb sleeping has no modifier)
B / whom / which / that ———> object
* conveying the meaning of an obbligation
* conveying the meaning of a purpose : to verb
Examples :
1 I’ve got a lot of exercises that I have to finish before school
I’ve got a lot of exercises to finish before school
2 I need a peg which I can hang my coat on
I need a peg to hang my coat on
C / Relative Clause ———> Noun Phrase (an Apposition)
1 Ha Noi , which is the capital city of Viet Nam , is very ancient
Ha Noi , the capital city of Viet Nam , is very ancient
N N —> (an apposition)
EXERCISES ON THE REDUCED FORMS OF RELATIVE CLAUSES
A / REWRITE THE RELATIVE CLAUSES BY USING PHRASES :
Trang 21 The man who’s talking to the policeman has just
returned home from Paris
2 The boys who’re playing in the school-yard are in
our class
3 The novel which was bought by my sister is very
interesting
4 The students who make noise in class will be
punished
5 People who are waiting for the bus often shelter
in my doorway
6 Passengers who travelled on this bus bought
their tickets in books
7 Do you see the notice which warns people not to
enter the military zone ?
8 There is a law which forbids hunting and fishing
in this area
9 The man who robbed you yesterday has been
arrested
10 The stairs which lead to the cellar are rather
slippery
11 We had a river in which we could swim
12 The child is lonely; he’d be happier if he had
someone that he could play with
13 I’d be more interested if I had a family that I had
to cook for
14 I’ve got a bottle of wine, but I haven’t got
anything with which I could open it
15 I have some letters that I must write
16 I don’t want to go alone; nor do I have anyone with whom I can go
17 I don’t like my children playing in the streets I wish I had a garden that they could play in
18 We had to eat standing up b/c we hadn’t anything on which we could sit
19 She didn’t buy any cards b/c she hadn’t anyone
to whom she could send cards
20 He was the first man who left the building which was burning
21 You are the last person who saw her alive
22 My brother was the only one who realized the danger
23 The pilot was the only one who survived the air crash
24 The last person who leaves the room must turn off the lights
25 I was the only person who saw the difficulty
26 He was the second man who was killed in this way
27 Neil Armstrong was the first man who walked on the moon
28 Lady Astor was the first woman who took her seat in Parliament
29 The fifth man who was interviewed was entirely unsuitable
B / REPLACE THE PHRASE WITH A RELATIVE CLAUSE :
1 We have a lot of reports to finish before the boss
returns
2 He was the first student to finish the exercise
3 She’s very busy b/c there is a lot of housework
for her to do
4 Where could we find a lake to swim in?
5 What was the name of the first spaceship to be
launched into space?
6 This is the second car to be made in that factory
7 I’m looking for a box to put these shoes in
8 There are three more shirts for you to pack
9 There’re five pairs of socks to put in
10 He’s got a safe pocket to keep his passport in
11 Here’s some small change for you to tip the porters
12 Here’s an umbrella to use if it rains
13 Is there anything for her to read on the plane
14 He’s got a briefcase to keep his important papers in
NgocSon, Nguyen