Introduction to Electric Potential and Electric Energy

Introduction to Electric Potential and Electric Energy tài liệu, giáo án, bài giảng , luận văn, luận án, đồ án, bài tập...

Telemark University College Department of Electrical Engineering, Information Technology and Cybernetics Faculty of Technology, Postboks 203, Kjølnes ring 56, N-3901 Porsgrunn, Norway. Tel: +47 35 57 50 00 Fax: +47 35 57 54 01 Introduction to Visual Studio and C# HANS-PETTER HALVORSEN, 2012.08.17 2 Table of Contents 1 Introduction 5 1.1 Visual Studio 5 1.2 C# . 6 1.3 .NET Framework 6 1.4 Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) . 7 2 Visual Studio . 8 2.1 Introduction . Introduction to Electric Potential and Electric Energy Introduction to Electric Potential and Electric Energy Bởi: OpenStaxCollege Automated external defibrillator unit (AED) (credit: U.S Defense Department photo/ Tech Sgt Suzanne M Day) 1/2 Introduction to Electric Potential and Electric Energy In Electric Charge and Electric Field, we just scratched the surface (or at least rubbed it) of electrical phenomena Two of the most familiar aspects of electricity are its energy and voltage We know, for example, that great amounts of electrical energy can be stored in batteries, are transmitted crosscountry through power lines, and may jump from clouds to explode the sap of trees In a similar manner, at molecular levels, ions cross cell membranes and transfer information We also know about voltages associated with electricity Batteries are typically a few volts, the outlets in your home produce 120 volts, and power lines can be as high as hundreds of thousands of volts But energy and voltage are not the same thing A motorcycle battery, for example, is small and would not be very successful in replacing the much larger car battery, yet each has the same voltage In this chapter, we shall examine the relationship between voltage and electrical energy and begin to explore some of the many applications of electricity 2/2 Embedded Systems Design: An Introduction to Processes, Tools, and Techniques by Arnold S. Berger ISBN: 1578200733 CMP Books © 2002 (237 pages) An easy-to-understand guidebook for those embarking upon an embedded processor development project. Table of Contents Embedded Systems Design—An Introduction to Processes, Tools, and Techniques Preface Introduction Chapter 1 - The Embedded Design Life Cycle Chapter 2 - The Selection Process Chapter 3 - The Partitioning Decision Chapter 4 - The Development Environment Chapter 5 - Special Software Techniques Chapter 6 - A Basic Toolset Chapter 7 - BDM, JTAG, and Nexus Chapter 8 - The ICE — An Integrated Solution Chapter 9 - Testing Chapter 10 - The Future Index List of Figures List of Tables List of Listings List of Sidebars TEAMFLY Team-Fly ® Embedded Systems Design—An Introduction to Processes, Tools, and Techniques Arnold Berger CMP Books CMP Media LLC 1601 West 23rd Street, Suite 200 Lawrence, Kansas 66046 USA www.cmpbooks.com Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. In all instances where CMP Books is aware of a trademark claim, the product name appears in initial capital letters, in all capital letters, or in accordance with the vendor’s capitalization preference. Readers should contact the appropriate companies for more complete information on trademarks and trademark registrations. All trademarks and registered trademarks in this book are the property of their respective holders. Copyright © 2002 by CMP Books, except where noted otherwise. Published by CMP Books, CMP Media LLC. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher; with the exception that the program listings may be entered, stored, and executed in a computer system, but they may not be reproduced for publication. The programs in this book are presented for instructional value. The programs have been carefully tested, but are not guaranteed for any particular purpose. The publisher does not offer any warranties and does not guarantee the accuracy, adequacy, or completeness of any information herein and is not responsible for any errors or omissions. The publisher assumes no liability for damages resulting from the use of the information in this book or for any infringement of the intellectual property rights of third parties that would result from the use of this information. Developmental Editor: Robert Ward Editors: Matt McDonald, Julie McNamee, Rita Sooby, and Catherine Janzen Layout Production: Justin Fulmer, Rita Sooby, and Michelle O’Neal Managing Editor: Michelle O’Neal Cover Art Design: Robert Ward Distributed in the U.S. and Canada by: Publishers Group West 1700 Fourth Street Berkeley, CA 94710 1-800-788-3123 www.pgw.com ISBN: 1-57820-073-3 This book is dedicated to Shirley Berger. Preface Why write a book about designing embedded systems? Because my experiences working in the industry and, more recently, working with students have convinced me that there is a need for such a book. For example, a few years ago, I was the Development Tools Marketing Manager for a semiconductor manufacturer. I was speaking with the Software Development Tools Manager at our major account. My job was to help convince the customer that they should be using our RISC processor in their laser printers. Since I owned the tool chain issues, I had to address his specific issues before we could convince him that we had the appropriate support for his design team. Since we didn’t Solution Manual to accompany Introduction to Electric Circuits, 6e By R. C. Dorf and J. A. Svoboda 1 Table of Contents Chapter 1 Electric Circuit Variables Chapter 2 Circuit Elements Chapter 3 Resistive Circuits Chapter 4 Methods of Analysis of Resistive Circuits Chapter 5 Circuit Theorems Chapter 6 The Operational Amplifier Chapter 7 Energy Storage Elements Chapter 8 The Complete Response of RL and RC Circuits Chapter 9 The Complete Response of Circuits with Two Energy Storage Elements Chapter 10 Sinusoidal Steady-State Analysis Chapter 11 AC Steady-State Power Chapter 12 Three-Phase Circuits Chapter 13 Frequency Response Chapter 14 The Laplace Transform Chapter 15 Fourier Series and Fourier Transform Chapter 16 Filter Circuits Chapter 17 Two-Port and Three-Port Networks 2 Errata for Introduction to Electric Circuits, 6th Edition Errata for Introduction to Electric Circuits, 6th Edition Page 18, voltage reference direction should be + on the right in part B: Page 28, caption for Figure 2.3-1: "current" instead of "cuurent" Page 41, line 2: "voltage or current" instead of "voltage or circuit" Page 41, Figure 2.8-1 b: the short circuit is drawn as an open circuit. Page 42, line 11: "Each dependent source ." instead of "Each dependent sources ." Page 164, Table 5.5-1: method 2, part c, one should insert the phrase "Zero all independent sources, then" between the "(c)" and "Connect a 1-A source. . ." The edited phrase will read: "Zero all independent sources, then connect a 1-A source from terminal b to terminal a. Determine Vab. Then Rt = Vab/1." Page 340, Problem P8.3-5: The answer should be . Page 340, Problem P8.3-6: The answer should be . Page 341, Problem P.8.4-1: The answer should be Page 546, line 4: The angle is instead of . Page 554, Problem 12.4.1 Missing parenthesis: Page 687, Equation 15.5-2: Partial t in exponent: http://www.clarkson.edu/~svoboda/errata/6th.html (1 of 2)5/10/2004 7:41:43 PM Errata for Introduction to Electric Circuits, 6th Edition Page 757, Problem 16.5-7: H b (s) = V 2 (s) / V 1 (s) and H c (s) = V 2 (s) / V s (s) instead of H b (s) = V 1 (s) / V 2 (s) and H c (s) = V 1 (s) / V s (s). http://www.clarkson.edu/~svoboda/errata/6th.html (2 of 2)5/10/2004 7:41:43 PM Chapter 1 – Electric Circuit Variables Exercises Ex. 1.3-1 () 2 2323 00 0 84 A 88 () (0) (8 4 ) 0 2 2 C 33 t tt it t t qt id q d t t ττττττ =− =+= −+=−=− ∫∫ 2 Ex. 1.3-3 () () () 0 00 44 0 4sin 3 0 cos3 cos3 C 33 tt t qt i d q d t ττ ττ τ = + = + =− =− + ∫∫ 4 3 Ex. 1.3-4 () () () 22 00 () 2 0 2 2 2 t t dq t it it t dt et −−  <  ==   −>  << Ex. 1.4-1 i 1 = 45 µA = 45 × 10 -6 A < i 2 = 0.03 mA = .03 × 10 -3 A = 3 × 10 -5 A < i 3 = 25 × 10 -4 A Ex. 1.4-2 ( )( ) = 4000 A 0.001 s 4 Cqit∆=∆ = Ex. 1.4-3 9 6 3 45 10 910 510 q i t − − − ∆× == =× ∆× = 9 µA Ex. 1.4-4 19 9 19 10 19 9 electron C electron C = 10 billion 1.602 10 = 10 10 1.602 10 selectronse electron C = 10 1.602 10 electron s C 1.602 10 1.602 nA s i −− − −  ×××   ×× =× = lectron 1-1 Ex. 1.6-1 (a) The element voltage and current do not adhere to the passive convention in Figures 1.6-1B and 1.6-1C so the product of the element voltage and current is the power supplied by these elements. (b) The element voltage and current adhere to the passive convention in Figures 1.6-1A and 1.6-1D so the product of the element voltage and current is the power delivered to, or absorbed by these elements. (c) The element voltage and current do not adhere to the passive convention in Figure Premier12 9TH EDITION Introduction to Electric Circuits James A Svoboda Clarkson University Richard C Dorf University of California PUBLISHER EXECUTIVE EDITOR CONTENT MANAGER PRODUCTION EDITOR EXECUTIVE MARKETING MANAGER MARKETING ASSISTANT DESIGN DIRECTOR PRODUCT DESIGNER EDITORIAL OPERATIONS MANAGER EDITORIAL OPERATIONS ASSISTANT SENIOR DESIGNER PHOTO EDITOR SENIOR CONTENT EDITOR EDITORIAL PROGRAM ASSISTANT CONTENT ASSISTANT PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT SERVICES Don Fowley Dan Sayre Kevin Holm Tim Lindner Chris Ruel Marissa Carroll Harry Nolan Jenny Welter Melissa Edwards Courtney Welsh Madelyn Lesure Sheena Goldstein Wendy Ashenberg Jessica Knecht Helen Seachrist Bruce Hobart/Laserwords Maine Cover Photos: # Jivko Kazakov/iStockphoto.com; Alberto Pomares/Getty Images; # choicegraphx/iStockphoto.com; # mattjeacock/iStockphoto.com This book was set in 10/12 pt in Times New Roman by Laserwords Maine, and printed and bound by RRD Jefferson City The cover was printed by RRD Jefferson City This book is printed on acid-free paper Copyright # 2014, 2010, 2006, 2004, 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, website www.copyright.com Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Ill River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, website www.wiley.com/go/permissions Evaluation copies are provided to qualified academics and professionals for review purposes only, for use in their courses during the next academic year These copies are licensed and may not be sold or transferred to a third party Upon completion of the review period, please return the evaluation copy to Wiley Return instructions and a free of charge return shipping label are available at www.wiley.com/go/returnlabel Outside of the United States, please contact your local representative ISBN-13: 978-1-118-47750-2 BRV ISBN: 978-1-118-52106-9 Printed in the United States of America 10 The scientific nature of the ordinary man Is to go on out and the best he can —John Prine But, Captain, I cannot change the laws of physics —Lt Cmdr Montogomery Scott (Scotty), USS Enterprise Dedicated to our grandchildren: Ian Christopher Boilard, Kyle Everett Schafer, and Graham Henry Schafer and Heather Lynn Svoboda, James Hugh Svoboda, Jacob Arthur Leis, Maxwell Andrew Leis, and Jack Mandlin Svoboda About the Authors James A Svoboda is an associate professor of electrical and computer engineering at Clarkson University, where he teaches courses on topics such as circuits, electronics, and computer programming He earned a PhD in electrical engineering from the University of Wisconsin at Madison, an MS from the University of Colorado, and a BS from General Motors Institute Sophomore Circuits is one of Professor Svoboda’s favorite courses He has taught this course to 6,500 undergraduates at Clarkson University over the past 35 years In 1986, he received Clarkson University’s Distinguished Teaching Award Professor Svoboda has written several research papers describing the advantages of using nullors to model electric circuits for computer analysis He is interested in the way technology affects engineering education and has developed several software packages for use in Sophomore Circuits Richard C Dorf, professor of electrical and computer engineering at the .. .Introduction to Electric Potential and Electric Energy In Electric Charge and Electric Field, we just scratched the surface (or at least rubbed it) of electrical phenomena... aspects of electricity are its energy and voltage We know, for example, that great amounts of electrical energy can be stored in batteries, are transmitted crosscountry through power lines, and may... produce 120 volts, and power lines can be as high as hundreds of thousands of volts But energy and voltage are not the same thing A motorcycle battery, for example, is small and would not be very