Tiếng anh chuyên ngành kỹ thuật điện, điện tử

TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC QUẢNG BÌNH KHOA: NGOẠI NGỮ GIÁO TRÌNH (Lưu hành nội bộ) TIẾNG ANH CHUYÊN NGÀNH ĐIỆN – ĐIỆN TỬ (Dành cho: Sinh viên ĐH, CĐ CNKT Điện – Điện tử) Tác giả: Nguyễn Thọ Phước Thảo Năm 2015 MỤC LỤC Lời nói đầu Unit 1: Introduction to electricity………………………………… Unit 2: Static electricity…………………………………………… Unit 3: Electric current ………… ……………………………… 10 Unit 4: Powerful sources….……………………………………… 13 Unit 5: The electric system……………………… ……………… 17 Unit 6: Light switch………….…………………………………… 20 Unit 7: Knife switch……………………………………………… 24 Unit 8: Electric meter….……………………………………………27 Unit 9: Electric gifts……………………………………………… 30 Tài liệu tham khảo LỜI NÓI ĐẦU Điện – Điện tử lĩnh vực chuyên ngành riêng biệt Để đọc hiểu văn tiếng Anh điện, điện tử, người học cần có kiến thức tiếng Anh hiểu biết lĩnh vực Giáo trình Tiếng Anh chuyên ngành điện – điện tử biên soạn dựa số tài liệu tham khảo, sách giáo trình tiếng Anh chuyên ngành điện, điện tử trường đại học nước Mục đích giáo trình nhằm cung cấp vốn từ vựng, thuật ngữ, kiến thức chuyên ngành đặc trưng lĩnh vực Kỹ thuật điện -điện tử, cá đặc trưng ngữ pháp thường sử dụng lĩnh vực chuyên ngành Tác giả có chỉnh sửa, bổ sung định để phù hợp với đối tượng sinh viên hệ đại học, cao đẳng chuyên ngành kỹ thuật điện-điện tử trường Đại học Quảng Bình UNIT 1: INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRICITY Electricity is the flow of electrical power or charge It is a secondary energy source which means that we get it from the conversion of other sources of energy, like coal, natural gas, oil, nuclear power and other natural sources, which are called primary sources Electricity is our greatest friend At home, it lights bulbs, moves fans, pumps water and works household gadgets In offices and factories it operates lifts, runs huge machines and produces all sorts of goods for us It carries messages instantly from one corner of the world to another through telephones, graphs, faxes and computers It lights the streets and runs trains It entertains us through movies and televisions The electricity that causes lightning, sparks, crackling noises and attracts objects, and is contained in things like storm clouds, nylon and plastic, is called static electricity Static electricity can be got by rubbing things together and is called static because it cannot move on its own Electricity that flows through wires and does work for us, like lighting a torch or working a fan, is called current electricity Current electricity is produced by batteries or by generators in power plants and is supplied to homes I READING COMPREHENSION *Read the text carefully and answer the questions What is electricity? What are the examples of primary sources? Why can we say that electricity is our greatest friend? How many kinds of electricity are there? What are the differences between static electricity and current electricity? * True (T) or False (F) Electricity comes from the conversion of primary sources Storm clouds, nylon, plastic are electricity Static electricity itself cannot move Current electricity is the flows of electricity through wires Battery is a device that produces current electricity * Match each word in column A with its synonym in column B A B Current electricity a electricity produced by friction Static electricity b a metal conductor that carries electricity over a distance Bulb c the spark of light Wire e a flow of electric charge Lightning f electric light II LANGUAGE FOCUS Simple present and past simple passive (review) Ex: Current electricity is produced by batteries or by generators in power plants and is supplied to homes * Form: Subject + finite form of to be + Past Participle (V-ed/ column 3) * Use: We use passive verbs to say what happens to the subject in contrast to active verbs which are used to say what the subject does * Note: Use by if you want to name the person or thing that does/ causes the action Practice * Choose the correct verbs form to fill in the blanks provided Light bulb gives light when it……………on (switches/ is switched) The police believe that electric wire………… the fire in the house (caused/ was caused) I …………… an electricity shock from the wire (got/ was gotten) They had only lived in that house for three years when fire ……… it (destroyed/ was destroyed) Energy ……… as the capacity for doing work (defines/ is defined) * Write passive sentences He/ strike/ lightning/ yesterday Electricity/ use/ widely/ houses/ factories The electric light bulb/ invent/ Thomas Edison? Static electricity/ usually/ obtain/ rubbing two things The magnetic field/ create/ a flow of wire/ the wires * Change the following active sentences into the passive voice She pays electricity bill at the end of each month My hair gets full of static when I brush it The engineer turned off the electricity A short circuit causes the fire They electrified the railway in the 1950s III WRITING AND SPEAKING * Odd one out electricity coal natural gas oil bulbs fans pumps houses telephones faxes graphs machines movies televisions lifts radios lightning clouds spark thunder torch batteries generator transistor * Work in groups and make a comparison between the life before electricity and after electricity UNIT 2: STATIC ELECTRICITY Everything we see is made up of tiny little parts called atoms The atoms are made of even smaller parts These are called protons, electrons and neutrons They are very different from each other in many ways One way they are different is their "charge." Protons have a positive (+) charge Electrons have a negative (-) charge Neutrons have no charge Usually, atoms have the same number of electrons and protons Then the atom has no charge, it is "neutral." But if you rub things together, electrons can move from one atom to another Some atoms get extra electrons They have a negative charge Other atoms lose electrons They have a positive charge When charges are separated like this, it is called static electricity If two things have different charges, they attract, or pull towards each other If two things have the same charge, they repel, or push away from each other So, why does your hair stand up after you take your hat off? When you pull your hat off, it rubs against your hair Electrons move from your hair to the hat Now each of the hairs has the same positive charge Things with the same charge repel each other So the hairs try to move away from each other The farthest they can get is to stand up and away from all the other hairs If you walk across a carpet, electrons move from the rug to you Now you have extra electrons Touch a door knob and ZAP! The electrons move from you to the knob You get a shock I READING COMPREHENSION * Answer the questions What are things in our universe made of? What are atoms made of? What kind of charge electrons and protons have? When is an atom neutral? Why does your hair stand up after you take your hat off? * True (T) or False (F) Air and water are made of atoms Atoms are smaller than electrons Neutrons have a negative (-) charge Two positive (+) charges attract each other “Repel” means “pull towards each other” * Fill in the gaps to complete the sentences Atoms are made from electrons, protons and …………… Positive charge and negative charge are……………charges Static electricity can be obtained by……………two things together When you pull your hat off, some…………… from your hair move to the hat If you walk across a carpet, you will get a static………… II LANGUAGE FOCUS A number of and The number of A number of = “Một số ” * Form: A number of + Plural noun + Plural verb Ex: Wires have a very large number of loose electrons that move about within it in a random way The number of = “ Số lượng những…” * Form: The number of + Plural noun + single verb Ex: The number of electrons in oxygen is eight Practice: * Put a/an or the in the blanks Elements have………… different number of protons When an atom is in balance, it has ………… equal number of protons and electrons When you pull your hat off, ……… number of electrons move from your hair to the hat Atoms have ……………same number of electrons and protons As of 2009, the world's most popular battery electric car, the REVAi, is sold in ………… number of countries in Europe and Asia * Give the correct verbs form The number of protons in an atom………… (determine) the kind of atom A number of bulbs ………….(be) suddenly out when we were holding the party What ………….(be) the number of air conditions in this university? A large number of people in our country still…………(not pay) attention to conserving electricity A safety device for a number of electrical loads that are connected to a supply line between a high-side path and a low-side path III SPEAKING AND WRITING * Summarize the passage about Static electricity basing on the following diagram Things in universe Atoms Protons + ( + ) Electrons Neutrons ( + ) * Work in groups and find more example of Static electricity UNIT 3: ELECTRIC CURRENT To light bulb, all you need to is press a switch When the switch is on, electric current flows through the wire What is this current made of? Wires have a very large number of loose electrons that move about within it in a random way A battery or the mains supply at home pushes these free electrons, so that they all move in one direction An electric current consists of a flow of these electrons There are two types of current DC or direct current is produced by batteries and flows in one direction They are used in automobiles and flashlights AC or alternating current continually reserves the direction of its flow The current supplied to homes and schools through the mains supply is alternating current Some materials made the light bulb glow These materials, like the aluminum foil, paper clip, coin and the key allow current to pass through them They are conductors of electricity Most metals are good conductors Other materials like wood, glass and rubber are examples of bad conductors of electricity They are called insulators Insulators are as useful as conductors in making a current flow from one place to another We use conductors to carry electricity where it is needed and we use insulators to prevent it from leaking into places where we not want it Wires used in electrical connections are covered with plastic to make them safe to handle This is call insulation Pure water is a poor conductor of electricity Pure water is free of impurities Tap water which is not filtered is a good conductor of electricity Dry air is also a poor conductor of electricity The resistance offered by any material to the flow of current can be measured in terms of ohms Conductors have very low resistance while insulators have very high resistance A galvanometer is a current-measuring instrument It detects the presence of electric current Practice * Choose the correct verb form If we…………so much electricity, the bill……… so large a don’t waste/isn’t b don’t waste/ won’t be c doesn’t waste/ won’t be What……….if you……………a fork into an electric socket? a happen/ put b happens/ will put c happens/ put If you…………that electric cable, you……………electrocuted a touch/ will be b touches/ will be c will touch/ are If I……… the President, I…………free electricity to farmers a become/ give b become/ will give c will become/ will give If she…………four conditioners in our house, she……….too much money on electricity a don’t have/ will not pay b doesn’t have/ will not pay c will not have/ will not pay If you…………electricity available at the construction site, it……… the connection and testing of the pump a have/ will allow b has/ will allow c will have/ will allow If electricity…………available, the well……….drilled and the components set in place a are not/ will drill b will not/ can drill c is not/ can be drilled * Put the words in order to make sentences If/ two things/ be/ rub/ can/ together/ obtained/ static electricity/ we/, If/ have/ each other/ will/ two things/ attract/ different charges/ they/, If/ pull/ electrons/ move/ your hat/ from/ to/ your hair/ will/ the hat/ off/ you/,/ move If / have/ number/ is/ of/ the same/electrons and protons/ it/ atoms/,/ neutral If / want/ press/ we/ light/ a/ a/ bulb/,/ we/ need/ to/ to/ switch III SPEAKING AND WRITING Work in groups of five; explain the electric system based on the picture 18 UNIT 6: LIGHT SWITCH A light switch is a switch, most commonly used to operate electric lights, permanently connected equipment, or electrical outlets Most modern homes have switches set in the walls, usually 6-10 inches (15-25 cm) away from a door, to operate overhead ceiling lights In torches (flashlight) the switch is often near the bulb, but may be in the tail, or even the entire head itself may constitute the switch (rotated to turn the light on and off) Home light switches boxes commonly have plastic, ceramic or metal wall plate covers to prevent accidental contact with live terminals of the switch Wall plates are available in different styles and colors to blend in with the style of a room The toggle light switch was invented in 1916 by William J Newton and Morris Goldberg TOGGLE LIGHT SWITCH DIMMER SWITCH The first light-switch employing quick-break technology was invented by John Holmes in 1884 in the Shield field district of Newcastle-Upon-Tyne Light switches are usually built into the walls of the house Surface mounting is also fairly common though is seen more in commercial industrial and outbuilding settings than in houses Because of electrical safety considerations in many countries their design and installation is regulated either by law or by widely accepted industry standards In practice however in most countries, any requirements for permits or certification are widely ignored and replacing a light switch is considered a simple "do-it-yourself" task with the parts being widely available Because of regulatory issues and the fact that light switches aren't something that people are usually too bothered with the looks of, they are usually durable and conservative in design They frequently remain in service for many decades, often being changed only when a portion of a house is rewired It is not extremely unusual to see century-old light switches still in functional use The dimensions, mechanical designs, and even the general appearance of light switch change very slowly with time Manufacturers introduce various new forms and styles, 19 but for the most part decoration and fashion concerns are limited to the faceplates Even the "modern" dimmer switch with knob is at least four decades old, and even in the newest construction the familiar toggle and rocker switch appearances predominate The shape and size of the boxes and faceplates as well as what is integrated (for example in the UK it is normal to have the switch built into the plate) varies a lot by country I READING COMPREHENSION * Answer the questions What is a light switch? Where most modern homes set switches? Why home light switches boxes commonly have plastic, ceramic or metal wall plate covers? Who invented the toggle light switch? Why are light switches usually durable and conservative in design? How old is the "modern" dimmer switch with knob? * True (T) or false (F) All modern homes have switches set in the walls Light switches boxes commonly have plastic, ceramic or metal wall plate covers to prevent accidental contact with live terminals of the switch In torches, light switch can be only put in the tail The first light-switch was invented by John Holmes The look of the light switches always bothers people first There are century-old light switches still in functional use * Choose the correct answer In torches, the switch is often near the bulb A lights B flashlights C toggle lights Wall plates are available in different styles and colors to blend in with the style of a room A compare with B belong to C suit They are usually durable and conservative in design A long- lasting B long C available 20 II LANGUAGE FOCUS Articles: A/an and the Articles Definite Indefinite The A/ an * Usage - We use "definite" to mean sure, certain "Definite" is particular - We use "indefinite" to mean not sure, not certain "Indefinite" is general - When we are talking about one thing in particular, we use the When we are talking about one thing in general, we use a or an Ex: A generator makes electricity In thermal power stations, the heat energy from coal or oil is used to produce steam The steam turns the turbine and generates electricity Practice * Fill a, an or the in each blank Engineering is………… large practical action Electrical engineering is about………… generation of distribution of electricity and its many applications Lightning is………….atmospheric discharge of electricity accompanied by thunder Thunder is………… sound made by lightning ………….electrical circuit is a network that has……… closed loop, giving a return path for the current * Fill in the blanks with a, an or the Light bulb ………….doctor of psychology at the insane asylum was doing his normal morning rounds when he entered………….patient's room He found Patient sitting on…………floor, pretending to saw………….piece of wood in half Patient was hanging from the ceiling, by his feet………….doctor asked patient what he was doing ………….patient replied, "Can't you see I'm sawing this piece of wood in half?" 21 ……… doctor inquired of Patient what Patient was doing Patient replied, "Oh He's my friend, but he's a little crazy He thinks he's……… light bulb." ………… doctor looks up and notices Patient 2's face is flushing red The doctor asks Patient 1, "If he's your friend, you should get him down from there before he hurts himself" Patient replies, "What? And work in……….dark? 22 UNIT 7: KNIFE SWITCH A knife switch is a type of switch used to control the flow of electricity in a circuit It is composed of a hinge which allows a metal lever, or knife, to be lifted from or inserted into a slot or jaw The hinge and jaw are both fixed to an insulated base, and the knife has an insulated handle to grip at one end Current flows through the switch when the knife is pushed into the jaw Knife switches can take several forms, including single throw, in which the "knife" engages with only a single slot, and double throw, in which the knife hinge is placed between two slots and can engage with either one Also, multiple knives may be attached to a single handle and can be used to activate more than one circuit simultaneously Though once common in the early days of electricity, knife switches are now rare, finding use largely in science experiments where the position of the switch may be plainly seen in demonstration The knife switch is extremely simple in construction and use, but its exposed metal parts present a great risk of electrocution, and the switch is subject to arcing when opened at higher voltages, which poses a further risk of shock or burns to the operator and can cause fires or explosions under certain conditions Open knife switches were supplanted by safety switches with current carrying contacts inside a metal enclosure which can only be opened by switching off the power In modern applications, automatic switches (such as contactors or relays), and manual switches such as circuit breakers are used These devices use a snap action mechanism which opens the switch contacts rapidly, and feature an arc chute where the arc caused by opening the switch is quenched These devices also prevent injury due to accidental contact, as all of the current carrying metal parts of the switch are hidden within or surrounded with insulated guards I READING COMPREHENSION * Answer the questions What is a knife switch? When does current flow through the switch? What are the examples of automatic switches? 23 Why is the knife switch a great risk of electrcution? What devices use a snap action mechanism which opens the switch contacts rapidly? * True (T) or False (F) A knife switch is used to control the flow of electricity in a circuit The hinge is fixed to an insulated base Knife switches can take one form only Multiple knives can be used to activate more than one circuit simultaneously Open knife switches can only be opened by switching off the power II LANGUAGE FOCUS: Comparative and Superlative Adjectives * Form: Comparative Superlative Short adjective_ER + than + object The + short adjective_ EST More + long adjective + than + object The most + long adjective * Usage: - We use the comparative and superlative form to compare and contrast different objects in English + Use the comparative form to show the difference between two objects + Use the superlative form when speaking about three or more objects to show which object is 'the most' of something Ex: Multiple knives may be attached to a single handle and can be used to activate more than one circuit simultaneously Practice * Fill in the correct form of the words in brackets (comparative or superlative) The electricity in the countryside is ……… the city (bad) This light bulb is…………….that one (expensive) I think this is wire of all (long) The electricity supply in this company is………….in the others (good) Electricity is………….friend of ours (great) 24 The atoms are made of even……… parts (small) Marry bought………… computer in the shop yesterday (big) The electrical transmission system is …………other utility systems, such as water or natural gas (complex) Surface mounting is also fairly common though is seen……… in commercial industrial and outbuilding settings than in houses (many) 25 UNIT 8: ELECTRIC METER An electric meter or energy meter is a device that measures the amount of electrical energy supplied to or produced by a residence, business or machine Electricity is a clean, convenient way to deliver energy The electricity meter is how electricity providers measure billable services The most common type of meter measures kilowatt hours When used in electricity retailing, the utilities record the values measured by these meters to generate an invoice for the electricity They may also record other variables including the time when the electricity is used Since it is expensive to store large amounts of electricity, it must usually be generated as it is needed More electricity requires more generators, and so providers want consumers to avoid causing peaks in consumption Electricity meters have therefore been devised to encourage users to shift their consumption of power away from peak times, such as mid-afternoon, when many building turn on air-conditioning For these applications, meters measure demand, the maximum use of power in some interval In some areas, the meters charge more money at certain times of day, to reduce use Also, in some areas meters have relays to turn off nonessential equipment Providers are also concerned about efficient use of their distribution network So, they try to maximize the delivery of billable power This includes methods to reduce tampering with the meters 26 Also, the network has to be upgraded with thicker wires, larger transformers, or more generators if parts of it become too hot from excessive currents The currents can be caused by either real power, in which the waves of voltage and current coincide, or apparent power, in which the waves of current and voltage not overlap, and so cannot deliver power Since providers can only collect money for real power, they try to maximize the amount of real power delivered by their networks Therefore, distribution networks always incorporate electricity meters that measure apparent power, usually by displaying or recording power factors I READING COMPREHENSION *Answer the questions What is the other name of electric meter? What is an electric meter? Why have electricity meters have been devised? Why meters have relays? Why the providers try to maximize the delivery of billable power? *True (T) or false (F) Some types of meter measures kilowatt hours More electricity needs more generators Mid-afternoon is considered one of the peak times of consuming electricity Providers can not only collect money for real power Methods to reduce tampering with meters are also concerned by the providers II LANGUAGE FOCUS Modal passive *Form: will/ can/ may…+ be + past participle Ex: Electricity can be measured in a variety of ways Practice * Change into passive sentences A short circuit could cause the fire The government will build more hydroelectricity plants You should turn off all of the electricity before you going out You must pay the electricity bill by tomorrow You should always turn off the electrical power at the source through the circuit reaker before beginning work on your project 27 You should charge new batteries completely before they are used the first time People should always take care when charging or jump starting low batteries Static electricity can quickly and easily damage Commodore computers 10 Whenever you hear a strange noise in the vacuum cleaner, you should snap the switch 28 UNIT 9: ELECTRIC GIFTS From electrical energy we mainly get heat, light, motion and magnetism Heat and light from electricity Electricity heats up things as it forces its way through them the greater the resistance, the greater is the heat produced Sometimes the conductor becomes warms, as in the case of an electric iron, sometimes red hot, as in a heater or a toaster, and at other times white hot, as in an electric bulb Long and thin wires made of special materials which have very large resistance are used to make heat The wire is wound into a coil so that it takes less space This is called a heating coil or an element Motion from electricity The type of motion directly obtained from electricity is rotation When a current is passed through a coil which is placed in a magnetic field, the coil turns This is the basic idea behind a motor Electric motors have a wide variety of use It works household things like fans, pumps, coolers, vacuum cleaners, food processors, hair driers and electric shavers Motors are widely used in industries Trains are run by motors Magnetism from electricity Magnetism produced by an electric current is called electromagnetism A magnet of this kind is called an electromagnet Electromagnets have many uses, such as in electric cells, loudspeakers, electric motors and generators 29 I READING COMPREHENSION * Answer the questions What does electrical energy provide us? What is called a heating coil or an element? What is the basic idea behind a motor? What are the wide uses of electric motors? What is electromagnetism? * True (T) or false (F) The conductor becomes warms in a heater or a toaster Rotation is the type of motion directly obtained from electricity Electric motors are used widely Motors run trains Electromagnets are used in electric cells, loudspeakers, electric motors and generators LANGUAGE FOCUS: Suffixes Suffixes Verb + ation/ ion  nouns: electrocution, conversion Verb + ment  nouns: development Adj + ty/ ity  nouns: electricity Verb + er/ or  nouns: constructor, inductor Adj + ize  verbs: stabilize Adj + en  verbs: widen Noun+ al  adjectives: funcional Adj + ly  adverbs: rapidly Practice * Circle the letter for the correct answer is the flow of electrical power or charge A Electric B Electrical C Electricity In offices and factories, electricity ………….all sorts of goods for us A produces B productivity C production 30 Current electricity is produced by batteries or by…………in power plants and is supplied to homes A generation B generators C generate Most metals are good……… A conduct B conductors C conduction A light switch is a switch, most commonly used to……… electric lights A operate B operation C operator …………introduce various new forms and styles A Manufactures B Manufactory C Manufacture Most hydroelectric power comes from the…………energy of dammed water driving a water turbine and generator A potent B potentialise C potential To…………very high head, water for a hydraulic turbine may be run through a large pipe called a penstock A obtain B obtainment C obtainable The knife switch is extremely simple in……… and use A constructs B construction C constructional 31 TÀI LIỆU THAM KHẢO * Sách: Nguyễn Thành Yến (2005) Tiếng Anh Ngành Điện NXB Tổng Hợp TP Hồ Chí Minh Thiên Ân Trương Hùng, ThS Trịnh Thanh Toản (2009) Tiếng Anh Giáo Dục Khoa Học Điện NXB Tổng Hợp TP Hồ Chí Minh Tài liệu bải giảng Tiếng Anh chuyên ngành điện – điện tử Trường Đại học sư phạm kỹ thuật Hưng Yên * Điạ Websites: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_meter http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knife_switch http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_switch http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power_transmission 32 ... ĐẦU Điện – Điện tử lĩnh vực chuyên ngành riêng biệt Để đọc hiểu văn tiếng Anh điện, điện tử, người học cần có kiến thức tiếng Anh hiểu biết lĩnh vực Giáo trình Tiếng Anh chuyên ngành điện – điện. .. điện tử biên soạn dựa số tài liệu tham khảo, sách giáo trình tiếng Anh chuyên ngành điện, điện tử trường đại học nước Mục đích giáo trình nhằm cung cấp vốn từ vựng, thuật ngữ, kiến thức chuyên ngành. .. Kỹ thuật điện -điện tử, cá đặc trưng ngữ pháp thường sử dụng lĩnh vực chuyên ngành Tác giả có chỉnh sửa, bổ sung định để phù hợp với đối tượng sinh viên hệ đại học, cao đẳng chuyên ngành kỹ thuật