California science grade 5 (9)

Chapter A bo P5_CAUB_UO_284379.indd 173 th ut Chapter r ee - te r s o r a u q f Earth’s surface is c Chapter over ed wit hw a te r 1/4/06 4:59:49 PM CHAPTER Earth’s Water Where does the water you use come from? 174 P5_CAUBC4_CO_284379.indd 174 1/4/06 5:04:46 PM Lesson Earth: The Blue Planet PAGE 178 Lesson The Water Cycle PAGE 188 Lesson Fresh Water Resources PAGE 202 Lesson California’s Water Supply PAGE 214 ES Water on Earth moves between the oceans and land through the processes of evaporation and condensation 175 P5_CAUBC4_CO_284379.indd 175 1/4/06 5:04:57 PM Literature ESSAY ELA R 5.2.4 Draw inferences, conclusions, or generalizations about text and support them with textual evidence and prior knowledge ELA W 5.2.1 Write narratives: a Establish a plot, point of view setting, and conflict b Show, rather than tell, the events of the story Mono Lake in 1939 Saltwater shrimp 176 P5_CAUBC04_LIT_284379_F.indd 176 1/10/06 1:53:50 PM from CALIFORNIA, THE BEAUTIFUL a selection from the Federal Writers Project, 1939 Though it appears fresh and inviting, is actually a briny deep, in which nothing but one small species of saltwater shrimp and the larvae of one tiny black fly can live But the water that feeds Mono Lake will not go to waste much longer, for, soon purified, it will go into the new Mono Basin Aqueduct and help to slake the thirst of metropolitan Los Angeles Write About It Response to Literature This essay supports the construction of the Mono Basin Aqueduct to solve the water crisis in Los Angeles in 1939 Pretend it is 1939 Write an essay that either supports or opposes the construction of the Aqueduct Los Angeles in 19 -Journal Write about it online 39 @ www.macmillanmh.com 177 P5_CAUBC04_LIT_284379_F.indd 177 1/8/06 1:42:03 PM Lesson Earth: The Blue Planet If you have ever seen ocean waves like this one, you already know oceans are really big How much of the water on Earth you think is in the oceans? 178 ES 3.a Students know most of Earth’s water is present as salt water in the oceans, which cover most of Earth’s surface ENGAGE P5_CAUBC04_L1_284379_F.indd 178 12/19/05 6:39:28 PM How much of Earth’s water is salty and how much is fresh? Materials Purpose To make a model that shows how much of Earth’s water is salty and how much is fresh Procedure Fill the 1-liter bottle with water The water in this bottle represents all of the water on Earth Remember, liter (L) holds 1,000 milliliters (mL) Label the cups frozen water, liquid water, and water vapor Measure Using the water in the 1-liter bottle, measure 28 mL of water in the metric measuring cup This cup represents all of Earth’s fresh water Measure From the metric measuring cup, pour the following: • 1-liter bottle • metric measuring cup • metric measuring spoons • eye dropper • small clear plastic cups • marker 22 mL Liquid water cup mL Water vapor cup drop • water Step Draw Conclusions Infer What kind of water is represented by the remaining water in the 1-liter bottle? Use Numbers About how many times more salt water than fresh water does Earth hold? Interpret Data People can only easily use fresh liquid water What percentage of Earth’s water is available for people to use? Step Explore More Describe how you would make a model to show the proportions of the different types of fresh water on Earth ES 3.a Students know most of Earth’s water is present as salt water in the oceans, which cover most of Earth’s surface 179 EXPLORE P5_CAUBC04_L1_284379_F.indd 179 2/15/07 1:27:13 PM ▶ Main Idea ES 3.a Oceans cover most of Earth’s surface ▶ Vocabulary ocean , p 180 fresh water , p 182 evaporation , p 183 water vapor , p 183 ice sheet , p 184 glacier , p 184 -Glossary @ www.macmillanmh.com ▶ Reading Skill Summarize Ac[[O`g ▼ Dungeness crabs are a natural resource found along the coasts of the Pacific Ocean They are a popular food in California How much of Earth’s surface is covered by water? If you stand on a sandy beach on California’s coast, the ocean stretches as far as you can see The world’s oceans not really have an end They flow uninterrupted around all of the continents and islands on our planet An ocean is a large body of salt water The oceans cover about 70% of Earth’s surface The remaining 30% of Earth’s surface is mostly land Other bodies of water cover a small fraction of the surface People use different kinds of natural resources from the oceans The organisms that live in the ocean are one valuable resource Many people eat fish, shrimp, crabs, lobsters, squid, and seaweed Resources such as oil and natural gas are extracted from beneath the ocean floor The oceans have other resources that we may be able to get from ocean water in the future, such as gold People also use the oceans for recreation and for transport of goods People swim, surf, scuba dive, and sail in ocean water For much of history, sailing across the oceans was the only way to move goods and people The World’s Oceans Although ocean water flows uninterrupted around Earth, oceanographers, or scientists who study oceans, have divided the water into several distinct oceans They make the divisions based on many different factors One factor includes physical separation caused by continents Other factors that make the oceans different include the temperatures and saltiness of the oceans The Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean on Earth It is bordered on the east by North America and South America, and in the west by Asia and 180 EXPLAIN P5_CAUBC04_L1_284379_F.indd 180 1/8/06 3:39:52 PM Satellite Map of Earth /A7/ 3C@=>3 =