SC08_P5_Title Page.indd 12/29/05 5:20:45 PM Program Authors Dr Jay K Hackett Professor Emeritus of Earth Sciences University of Northern Colorado Dr Richard H Moyer Professor of Science Education and Natural Sciences University of Michigan–Dearborn Dr JoAnne Vasquez Elementary Science Education Consultant NSTA Past President Member, National Science Board and NASA Education Board Mulugheta Teferi, M.A Principal, Gateway Middle School St Louis Public Schools St Louis, MO Dinah Zike, M.Ed Dinah Might Adventures LP San Antonio, TX Kathryn LeRoy, M.S Executive Director Division of Mathematics and Science Education Miami-Dade County Public Schools, FL Dr Dorothy J T Terman Science Curriculum Development Consultant Former K–12 Science and Mathematics Coordinator Irvine Unified School District, CA Dr Gerald F Wheeler Executive Director National Science Teachers Association Bank Street College of Education New York, NY Contributing Authors Dr Sally Ride Sally Ride Science San Diego, CA Lucille Villegas Barrera, M.Ed Elementary Science Supervisor Houston Independent School District Houston, TX Dr Stephen F Cunha Professor of Geography Humboldt State University Arcata, CA American Museum of Natural History New York, NY Contributing Writer Ellen Grace Albuquerque, NM The American Museum of Natural History in New York City is one of the world’s preeminent scientific, educational, and cultural institutions, with a global mission to explore and interpret human cultures and the natural world through scientific research, education, and exhibitions Each year the Museum welcomes around four million visitors, including 500,000 schoolchildren in organized field trips It provides professional development activities for thousands of teachers; hundreds of public programs that serve audiences ranging from preschoolers to seniors; and an array of learning and teaching resources for use in homes, schools, and community-based settings Visit www.amnh.org for online resources Students with print disabilities may be eligible to obtain an accessible, audio version of the pupil edition of this textbook Please call Recording for the Blind & Dyslexic at 1-800-221-4792 for complete information B Published by Macmillan/McGraw-Hill, of McGraw-Hill Education, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., Two Penn Plaza, New York, New York 10121 Copyright © 2008 by Macmillan/McGraw-Hill All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., including, but not limited to, network storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning is a trademark of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Printed in the United States of America ISBN 0-02-284379-5/5 (058/055) 10 09 08 07 06 P5_CAFM_AU_284379.indd 11/6/06 6:32:24 PM Content Consultants Rick MacPherson, Ph.D Program Director The Coral Reef Alliance San Francisco, CA Bonnie J Brunkhorst, Ph.D Joy Peoples Kathy Jones Dennis Hatland Riverside USD Chico USD Elizabeth Ramsey Nancy Maguire Bel Air Elementary Westpark Elementary Irvine, CA Abraham Lincoln Elementary Simi Valley USD Simi Valley, CA Andrew Rodarte Easterby Elementary Fresno USD Rhonda Simard Franklin Elementary Department of Franklin USD Geological Sciences, California State University Jeri Starkweather San Bernardino, CA Calwa Elementary Fresno USD Hector Córdova Mireles, Ph.D Physics Department California State Polytechnic University Pomona, CA Editorial Advisory Board Gus Dalis, Ed.D Education Consultant Torrance, CA Lauri Talbott Carr Elementary Torrance USD Dawn Vollmar Sandra S Wilbur Long Beach USD Janet Yamaguchi Joyce Garcia La Seda Elementary Rowland USD Nancy Howe Martin Luther King Academy Alisal USD Linda D King Principal, Muscoy Elementary San Bernardino City USD Karen Kohn Las Virgenes USD Donna Lowe Cherryland Elementary Hayward USD Jerrie Martin NBCT Los Angeles USD Vince Sipkovich Educator/Science Consultant/Writer Huntington Beach, CA Melissa Smith Canyon Lake Middle School Lake Elsinore USD Judith Sydner-Gordon Jennifer Weibert Debbie Drab Los Angeles USD Elementary Science Specialist Irvine USD Foulks Ranch Elementary Canfield Elementary Elk Grove USD School Lindsay Waterman Los Angeles, CA Alamo Elementary Chaparral Elementary Capistrano USD Carolyn Fong Bettina Pierce Diane Carnahan K–12 Alliance/WestEd David M Harris Escondido USD Susan Gomez Zwiep Teacher Reviewers Vicky Ann Buckley Chico USD U.S Grant Elementary Colton Joint USD Colton, CA Helen Logan Hays Naomi Griswold Michael Harris K-8 Teacher (retired) Ukiah USD Coffee Creek Elementary School District Carmel USD Scott Hays K-8 Teacher (retired) Coffee Creek Elementary Washington Union School District Carmel USD La Veta Elementary Orange USD Orange, CA Christina Lambie Highland Elementary West Contra Costa USD Richmond, CA Alice Moomjean Cortada Elementary El Monte USD El Monte, CA Michelle Orgon Needham Intermediate Lodi USD Lodi, CA Sue Parsons Richard Bard Elementary Navelencia Middle School Hueneme USD Reedley, CA Pt Hueneme, CA Assistant Professor Discovery Science Center Science Education Santa Ana, CA Cal State University Long Beach Task Force Joanne Hemmings Sharon Pendola St Alban’s Country Day School Roseville, CA Lisa Robinson Marengo Elementary South Pasadena USD South Pasadena, CA Roberta Sanchez Lindberg Schweitzer Elementary San Diego USD San Diego, CA Rio Hondo Elementary Downey USD Downey, CA Bret Harrison Frank Ledesma Elementary Soledad USD Soledad, CA iii P5_CAFM_AU_284379.indd 11/6/06 6:32:24 PM ;OYS=PaS`dObW]\a /aYO?cSabW]\ 4]`[O6g^]bVSaWa BSabG]c`6g^]bVSaWa 2`Oe1]\QZcaW]\a @SacZba Ac^^]`b6g^]bVSaWa P5_CAFM_SCM_284379.indd iv @SacZba2]