California science grade 3 (9)

Chapter un S e Th Chapter y star in our so l n o e h lar is t sys tem CHAPTER Our Earth, Sun, and Moon How Earth and the Moon move through space? 174 Lesson Day and Night PAGE 178 Lesson The Seasons PAGE 188 Lesson The Moon PAGE 198 ES Objects in the sky move in regular and predictable patterns 175 Literature Poem ELA R 3.3.5 Recognize the similarities of sounds in words and rhythmic patterns (e.g., alliteration, onomatopoeia) in a selection ELA W 3.2.2 Write descriptions that use concrete sensory details to present and support unified impressions of people, places, things, or experiences 176 from Becoming Myself by Elaine Laron The Sun is filled with shining light It blazes far and wide The Moon reflects the sunlight back But has no light inside I think I’d rather be the Sun That shines so bold and bright Than be the Moon that only glows With someone else’s light A moonrise in Joshua Tree National Park Write About It Response to Literature The poet uses rhyme, rhythm, and vivid words to tell how she feels about the Sun and Moon Write a poem about the Sun and Moon Show how they are different Use words that create a strong impression and show how you feel -Journal Write about it online @ www.macmillanmh.com sunset in the Serengeti 177 Lesson Day and Night Have you ever watched the Sun rise? Bright light appears on the horizon Slowly, the Sun rises and night becomes morning The Sun’s light casts long shadows How shadows change during the day? 178 ENGAGE ES 4.e Students know the position of the Sun in the sky changes during the course of the day and from season to season How shadows change? Materials Form a Hypothesis How does the location of the Sun in the sky affect the length of shadows on the ground? How does it affect the position of the shadows? Write a hypothesis chalk Test Your Hypothesis Work in pairs outside on a sunny morning Use the chalk to mark an X on the ground Have your partner stand on the X Trace your partner’s shadow measuring tape Step Measure Use the measuring tape to find the length of the shadow Record your results in a table Draw a sketch Predict How you think the shadow will change during the day? Observe Repeat steps and at midday and in the afternoon on the same spot How does the shadow change? Draw Conclusions Compare Use the data in your table to answer these questions When is the shadow very long? When is the shadow very short? Infer What causes the shadows to change Step Time Length of Shadow Morning position and length? Midday Explore More How can you find out in which month the Sun’s position appears highest in the sky? Lowest? Afternoon IE 5.d Predict the outcome of a simple investigation and compare the result with the prediction 179 EXPLORE C Main Idea ES 4.e The position of the Sun in the sky appears to change during the day Earth’s rotation causes day and night C Vocabulary horizon , p 180 rotate , p 182 How does the Sun’s position in the sky seem to change? Each day the Sun seems to move across the sky in a giant arc In the morning the Sun appears low on the eastern horizon (huh•RIGH•zuhn) At midday, it appears high overhead In the evening, it appears low on the western horizon The horizon is an imaginary line where the land seems to meet the sky axis , p 184 sphere , p 184 The Sun’s Position in the Sky -Glossary @ www.macmillanmh.com C Reading Skill Summarize horizon east west sunrise Ac[[O`g east C Technology midday Explore day and night with the Secret Agents The Sun seems to rise in the east and set in the west Looking at these pictures, you are facing south C west east west sunset 180 EXPLAIN A At midday, the Sun is high overhead and shadows are short A As the Sun begins to set, shadows get long The Sun and Shadows Have you ever noticed how shadows change during the day? Sometimes they are long At other times they are very short Shadows change as the position of the Sun changes At midday the Sun is high overhead The angle at which sunlight strikes Earth is greater than in the morning or evening The Sun’s light is more direct and shadows are very short At sunrise and sunset, the angle at which sunlight strikes Earth is smaller The Sun’s light is less direct and shadows are very long Quick Check Summarize How does the Sun’s position in the sky seem to change during the day? Critical Thinking If you wanted to avoid direct sunlight, when should you stay indoors? Explain 181 EXPLAIN What causes night and day? Day and Night in San Franscico As you read this book, you are moving through space You cannot feel Earth’s movement When you walk, the ground is still Buildings and trees seem to stay still too But you and all things on the surface of Earth are moving Earth rotates (ROH•tayts) like a giant top that is spinning in space To rotate means to turn It is the rotating of Earth that causes day and night As Earth rotates, one side faces the Sun That side of Earth has daytime At the same time, the other side of Earth faces away from the Sun That side of Earth has nighttime As Earth turns, the Sun’s position seems to move in the sky When you watch the Sun rise and set, what you see is caused by Earth’s rotation Earth rotates from the west to the east Every 24 hours, Earth makes one complete rotation A full day is 24 hours long, or all of the daytime hours plus all of the nighttime hours California Sun Read a Diagram Why is it daytime in California in the diagram on the left and nighttime on the right? Clue: Look at Earth’s position 182 EXPLAIN north How does the Moon’s shape seem to change? Make a Prediction Step How will the Moon’s appearance change during a week? Write a prediction Test Your Prediction Observe Look at the Moon just after sunset each night for one week Record Draw the Moon as you see it each night Also draw where it is in the sky Label the picture with the day of the week Draw Conclusions Analyze Data How does the Moon’s shape seem to change each night? How does its location seem to change? Predict What will the Moon’s shape be like for the next few nights? Step Day Observation Monday Explore More Does the Moon rise and set at the same time each night? Make a plan to test your ideas Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday IE 5.d Predict the outcome of a simple investigation and compare the result with the prediction 199 EXPLORE C Main Idea What are the phases of the Moon? ES 4.b ES 4.d The Moon orbits Earth The Moon’s shape seems to change during its four-week lunar cycle C Vocabulary phase , p 200 waxing , p 200 waning , p 200 lunar cycle , p 202 lunar eclipse , p 204 -Glossary @ www.macmillanmh.com C Reading Skill Sequence 4W`ab