Language to go int students book 1

ISBN058eq0334-? I n f o r m a t i o nf o r p a i r a n d g r o u p w o r k p n c u8 > P r a c t i c es e c t i o n p n c r B B '1 > G r a m m a rr e f e r e n c e p a c r '\ l-b€u€g|6to go: Recountingevents in your life { o c a b u l a r y a n d s p e a k i n g :T r a v e la n d a i r p o r t s Reading: Newspaper extract: The Hub G r a m m a r : P a s t p e r f e c ts i m p l e G a t a l k i n g a n d w r i t i n g : S h a r i n gs t o r i e s L a n g u a g e t o g o : T a l k i n ga b o u t i m p o r t a n tm o m e n t s V o c a b u l a r y a n d s p e a k i n g :T h i n g sw e r e a d Reading: A suitcase of stories G r a m m a r : P a s t p e r f e c ts i m p l e a n d c o n t i n u o u s G e t t a l k i n g : T u r n i n gp o i n t s i n y o u r l i f e J n g u a g e t o g o : D e s c r i b i n ga p r o c e s s ' o c a b u l a r ya n d s p e a k i n g : F a m e a n d s u c c e s s r - i s t e n i n g :C r e a t i o no f a p o p l e g e n d G r a m m a r : P a s s i v ec o n s t r u c t i o n s G e t t a l k i n g : I n f o r m a t i o ng a p : T h e W i l l i a m ss r s t e r s L a n g u a g e t o g o : T a l k i n ga b o u t t h r n g sp e o p l ed o f o r y o u V o c a b u l a r y a n d s p e a k i n g : H o u s e w o r ka n d c l e a n l i n e s s \ Reading: Maid4lJ - Servicesfor your home V '' G r a m m a r : H a v e s o m e t h i n gd o n e a n d r e f l e x i v ep r o n o u n sr / G e t t a l k i n g : T h i n g sy o u d o , a n d h a v e d o n e f o r y o u L a n g u a g e t o g o : M a k i n g p r e d i c t i o n sa b o u t t h e f u t u r e V o c a b u l a r y a n d s p e a k i n g :T o y s a n d g a m e s Reading: Tomorrow's toys G r a m m a r : M o d a lv e r b s t o t a l k a b o u tf u t u r e p r o b a b i l i t y G e t t a l k i n g a n d w r i t i n g : F u t u r ep r o d u c t s L a n g u a g e t o g o : P r e d i c t i n gf u t u r e e v e n t s V o c a b u l a r y a n d s p e a k i n g : D e s c r i b i n gc h a n g e s L i s t e n i n g : F u t u r ei n v e n t i o n s Grammar: Future with willand will have done Get talking: What will you havedone by 2O2O? [ - a n g u a g et o g o : C o m m u n i c a t i n gb y p h o n e S p e a k i n g a n d v o c a b u l a r y : T e l e p h o n i n ge x p r e s s t o n s [ - i s t e n i n g :A t e l e p h o n ec o n v e r s a t i o n V o c a b u l a r y2 : P h r a s avl e r b s a b o u t t e l e p h o n i n g G e t t a l k i n g :r o l e p l a yO : n the phone L a n g u a g e t o g o : D e s c r i b r n gs y m p t o m s o f a n i l l n e s s V o c a b u l a r y a n d s p e a k i n g : M e d i c a lp r o b l e m sa n d s y r y ) i Q t o m s / ' \ L i s t e n i n g : H o n e y m o o nh o r r o rs t o r i e s V o c a b u l a r y : P h r a s a vl e r b s a b o u t i l l n e s s r ' G e t t a l k i n g : r o l d p l a yA : v i s i tt o t h e d o c t o r L a n g u a g e t o g o : D e s c r i b i n gr u l e s i n t h e p r e s e n t V o c a b u l a r ya n d s p e a k i n g : M a k e a n d d o Reading: Netiquette G r a m m a r : M o d a l v e r b s f o r n e c e s s i t ya n d o b l i g a t i o n G e t t a l k i n g a n d w r i t i n g : D i s c u s s i n g' r u l e s ' o f b e h a v i o u r L a n g u a g e t o g o : D r a w i n gc o n c l u s i o n sa b o u t t h e p a s t V o c a b u l a r y : P e o p l ea n d g r o u p s S p e a k i n g a n d r e a d i n g : A n a m a z i n gd i s c o v e r y G r a m m a r : P a s t m o d a lv e r b s o f d e d u c t i o n G e t t a l k i n g a n d w r i t i n g : L i f e , 0y e a r sa g o L a n g u a g e t o g o : C o m p a r i n ga t t i t u d e s V o c a b u l a r y a n d s p e a k i n g : E x p r e s s i o n sw i t h t i m e Reading: Long-distancecommuter G r a m m a r : W a y s t o e x p r e s sc o n t r a s t i n gi d e a s G e t t a l k i n g a n d w r i t i n g : A t t i t u d e st o w o r k a n d t i m e L a n g u a g e t o g o : G i v i n ge x t r a i n f o r m a t i o n V o c a b u l a r y a n d s p e a k i n g : B u s i n e s sp r o c e s s e s w : ord building, -X Reading: A simple idea G r a m m a r : N o n - d e f i n i n gr e l a t i v ec l a u s e s / G e t t a l k i n g a n d w r i t i n g : E x p l a i n i n ga b u s i n e s sp l a n L a n g u a g e t o g o : D i s c u s s i n gp e r s o n a la c h i e v e m e n t sa n d p r o j e c t s V o c a b u l a r y a n d s p e a k i n g :A c h i e v e m e n t sa n d p r o j e c t s L i s t e n i n g :T r e v o rB a y l i s- i n v e n t o r G r a m m a r : P r e s e n e r f e c ts i m p l e a n d c o n t i n u o u s Get talking and writing: What you've been doing L a n g u a g e t o g o : D e s c r i b i n gf r i e n d s h i p V o c a b u l a r y a n d s p e a k i n g :V e r b e x p r e s s i o n sa b o u t f r i e n d s h i p L i s t e n i n g :O l g f r i e n d s Grammar: Present perfect with forand since G e t t a l k i n g : T e l l i n gs o m e o n e a b o u t a g o o d f r i e n d L a n g u a g e t o g o : D i s c u s s i n gf r e e d o m V o c a b u l a r ya n d s p e a k i n g : P r i s o n Reading: Extracts from Long Watk to Freedom F u n c t i o n : P r o h i b i t i o no, b l i g a t i o na n d p e r m i s s i o ni n t h e p a s t G e t t a l k i n g : C o m p a r i n gf r e e d o m a t d i f f e r e n tt i m e s o f v o u r l i f e L a n g u a g e t o g o : A s k i n g q u e s t i o n sa b o u t p e r s o n a li s s u e s I' Speakingand vocabulary: Happiness L i s t e n i n g : S u r v e ya b o u t h a p p i n e s s F u n c t i o n : P o l i t eq u e s t i o n s G e t t a l k i n g : P e r s o n a li s s u e s L a n g u a g e t o g o : T a l k i n ga b o u t l i k e l ya n d u n l i k e l ys i t u a t i o n s S p e a k i n g a n d v o c a b u l a r y : D o i n gb u s i n e s s R e a d i n g a n d l i s t e n i n g : B u s i n e s sa r o u n dt h e w o r t d G r a m m a r : F i r s ta n d s e c o n d c o n d i t i o n a l s G e t t a l k i n g : D i s c u s s i n gr e a c t i o n st o s i t u a t i o n s I I t L a n g u a g e t o g o : R e p o r t i n gw h a t y o u h e a r o r r e a d V o c a b u l a r y a n d s p e a k i n g :T h e w e a t h e r L i s t e n i n g :W a y s o f f o r e c a s t i n gt h e w e a t h e r Gramma r: Reportedstatements G e t t a l k i n g : R e p o r t i n gt h e w e a t h e r > R e c o r d i n gs c r i p t s p n c r 1 > P r a c t i c es e c r o n a n s w e r r e v p n c et z + Languageto go: Talking -l v) U) d { nnr ''-,.'\ / a regrets Vocabulary and speaki Reading:Extract from G r a m m a r : T h i r dc o n d i t i o n aal n d / w G-ettalking: You only regret what yoil tf onlY tdo Language to dp' Reporting a conversation or interview Speakingand r)pcabulary: Job ryplications andinterviews Listening: Afteritheinterview f guestions.1 Grammar:Reported Get talking:Re'irorting a conversa'tion (D andrntensrfiers Adjectives a n dc o n t i n u o u s P a sst i n p l e T e l l i nsgt o r ' raetsr de x a g g e r aet tvnegn t s Complete the dialogues below with a suitable a d j e c t i v eo r i n t e n s i f i e r L o o k a t t h e p h o t o s o f C a r n i v a l i n F l i o c i e ' j a r t e i i ' r i , B r " a z i l "I n p a i r s , d i s c l t s s t h e f o l l o w i n g q u e s t l c r n s " H a v e y o u b e e n t o R r of o r C a r n i v a7 Would you ike to go? Why? / Wh', ! \ / h a t d o y o u k r r c v ;a b o u t i t ? !l - f l ' v t r aht et h e p a i r s o f a d j e c t i v e s w h i c h a r t s i ' - i r r i a i r l n'lean!ng fascnating good Packeo trr-ed enormcus cr-owded fiao a w fu l e r h a u s t e d - : ' fi bor,LLwg( = verY, 'le [-xan-pie.laot [rr-) A V \ / e r ey o u I B : H o t ?I t r y a sa b s oL t t e l v A: \\/ere you rea v -.-.1 B Y e s ,I w a s - : -,aa',: A :W a s r t I t s Y e s ,i t w a s = " i r) A , W a s t h e s t a c,r B : B i g rl t v v a sa b s , -l : A : W a sl h e m t s , : _- j, - _ ^ _ + - l -:)t L,l B G o o d ?l t w a s , ) : l J : - N o w l t s t e n a n d c h e c ' xy o u r a n s w e r s ^ When we use the r n t e n s i f i e r sr e a ! l y very and Describe the photos using the adlecttves ii'oi.'"r Exercise2" absolutely? i ttl l - - € F " l It'*t;i,t ^" ,, -.4|* t F E!': {€ d t tli r F \ r.s I,u' Listening Practlce I O E$| Listento Saratatking about her visit to Carnival Whatdid she think of it? Usten again Are these sentences true O) or false (F)? Sarawas stayingin Rio l t w a s r a i n i n gw h e n s h e a r r i v e d T h e yw e r e p l a n n i n g t o c a n c e tl h e c a r n i v abl e c a u s e of the rain W h e n t h e r a i ns t o p p e dt,h e c a r n i v asl t a r t e d A n a u d i e n c eo f , 0 0w a s w a i t i n gi n t h e Sambadrome Look again at the sentencesabove Underline verbs in the past simple and verbs in the @ past continuous Complete the sentences using the correct form of the verbs iri brackets Example:I rwet (meet)Tom yesterdaywhile I was waLtLwg (wait)for a bus | -2 He _of him Julia - ( g o )t o t h e c i n e m at w i c e l a s tw e e k e n d (drive)very fast, when he (see)a dog run acrossthe roadin front ( l i s t e nt)o l o u d m u s i c ,s o s h e ( n o t/ h e a r )t h e d o o r b e l l (you/ see) Pabloat the party?He ' -ffi:'l"1:"^,:il;ffi buthewasn't ( n o t/ e a t )a n y t h i n g h u n g r ys o h e (enjoy)the lessonso much yesterday | -( n o t/ r e a l i s ei)t w a s t i m e t o g o that I Grammar focus G e tt a l k i n.g I 10 In pairs, tell your partner a true story about you Gombinethese sentencesto make rules about the past simple and the past continuous T h e p a s ts i m p l e T h e p a s tc o n t i n u o u.s S o m e t i m e st h e p a s tc o n t i n u o u s a) i s u s e dt o d e s c r i b ea l o n g e c t i o no r e v e n t w h i c hi s i n t e r r u p t eb d y a n a c t i o no r e v e n ti n t h e p a s ts i m p l et e n s e b) describea s n a c t i o no r e v e n ti n t h e p a s t c) d e s c r i b e sa s i t u a t i o no v e p e r i o f t i m e i n t h e past.lt is often usedto set the context to a story Firstset the context.Then describethe actionbut exaggeratesome of the informationto makethe story m o r e i n t e r e s t i n gT.h e s ei d e a sm a y h e l py o u o You met a famousperson o Youdid somethingvery dangerous o Y o uh a da n a c c i d e n t o Youwent to a strangeplace o Y o uf o u n ds o m e t h i n gi n t e r e s t i n g o Youfell in love Y o u rp a r t n e rm u s t d e c i d ew h i c h i n f o r m a t i o ins t r u e a n d w h i c h i n f o r m a t i o ins e x a g g e r a t e d andwrlting 11 Writeyour story as part of an informalletterto a friend.Exaggeratesome of the story to makeit moreinteresting A : I s a wh e rw h e nI w a sw a l k i n g d o w nt h er o a d B :D i ds h el o o kg o o d ? A : G o o dS ? h el o o k e d a b s o l u t eflayn t a s t i c ! > GRAMMARREFERENCE PAGE108 > PRACTICEPAGE88 C, c a b u lray S l e e p questions andobject G r a m m aSubject r routines anddescribing about L a n g u a gt oeg o Asking person? A r ey o ua m o r n i n g aryand speaking Vocabul I n p a i r s ,d i s c u s st h e f o l l o w i n gq u e s t i o n s W h a t i s y o u rf a v o u r i t e/ l e a s tf a v o u r i t ep a r to f t h e d a y ?W h y ? Match the phrases about sleep with the correct definitions Phrases a m o r n r n gp e r s o n stay up late oversreep h a v ea n e a r l yn i g h t not be ableto keep (your) e y e so p e n o h a v ea l i e - i n b e a n e a r l yr i s e r wakeup I f a l la s l e e p get out of bed on the w r o n gs i d e Definitions a ) s l e e pl o n g e rt h a n p l a n n e d b) a personwho feels goodI alertin the mornrngs c ) a p e r s o nw h o g e t s u p e a r l y d ) s t o ps l e e p r n g e ) b e g i nt o s l e e p f ) g o t o b e d l a t e rt h a n u s u a l g ) s t a yi n b e d l a t e rt h a n u s u a l h ) g o t o b e d e a r l i e trh a n u s u a l i ) b e i n a b a dm o o di n t h e m o r n t n g j ) f i n d i t d i f f i c u lt o s t a ya w a k ea t t i m e s d u r i n gt h e d a y Describethe people in the pictures using the phrases from Exercise2 R e a di n g Read the text and say which of the pictures are described ii Vic has eaten his two slices of toast and is on his third cup of tea and first cigarette of the day when Marjorie enters the kitchen in her dressing gown and slippers 'Smoking,' she says, condensing into a single word an argument well known to both of them.Vic grunts He glances at the kitchen clock 'shouldn't Sandra and Gary be getting up? I won't waste my breath on Raymond.' 'Gary doesn't have school today The teachers are on strike.' 'What about Sandra?' 'I'm taking her to the doctor's.' 'W'hat's the matter with her?' Marjorie yawns evasively.'Oh, nothing serious.' 'Why can't she go on her own? A girl of seventeen should be able to go to the doctor's without someone to hold her hand.' 'I don't go in with het not unless she wants me to.I iust wait with her.' Vic regards his wife suspiciously.'You're not going shopping with her afterwards?' Mariorie blushes.'.Well,she needs a new pair of shoes ' Adaptedfrom Nice Workby DavidLodge Read the text again and answer the questions l^._ What did Vic havefor breakfast? W h a t d o e s M a r j o r i et h i n ka b o u ts m o k i n g ? W h o g o t o u t o f b e d o n t h e w r o n gs i d e ? W h o s h o u l db e g e t t i n gu p ? W h i c hc h i l f t e no v e r s l e e o s ? W h a t d o V i c a n d M a r i o r i et a l ka b o u t ? _ G e tt a l k i n g Do a survey to find the morning people in your class C o m p l e t et h e q u e s t i o n su s i n gt h e p r o m p t s D o t h e q u e s t i o n n a i ri e n p a i r s t, h e n d i s c u s sy o u r a n s w e r sI n g r o u p s r t ] r a m m a rT o c u s Look at the examples and underlinethe correct alternativesin sentences 1-4 A Subjectquestions:Who speaksto Vic? Answer:Marjoriespeaksto Vic t1r,ebLrdswake CarLos ,lcp B Objectquestions:Who doesVic speakto? Answer:He speaksto Mariorie ln A, Marjorieis the subject / the object ln B, Marjorieis the subject / the object Subject questions / Object questions need an a u x i l i a rvye r b W h e n w e a s k q u e s t i o n sa b o u tt h e s u b j e c to f t h e s e n t e n c et,h e w o r d o r d e ro f t h e q u e s t i o na n d t h e answer is fhe same / different Look at Exercise5 again and answer the questions Which au*iliary verbs are used? Which are subject questions and which are object questions? Practice Look at the prompts and write the questions Use the answers to help you decide if it is a subject or object question Example:got up / first? Who got , fursta Vic T M a r j o r i el w e a r ? Dressinggown a n ds l i p p e r s Vic / speakto / first? Marjorie l i k e/ h a v ea l i e - i n ? A l lt h e c h i l d r e n V i c/ g l a n c ea t ? T h e k i t c h e nc l o c k take / Sandrato the doctor's? H e rm o t h e ri s Marjorie/ planto afterthe Goshopping doctor's? Marjorie/ say aboutthe T h e ya r e o n s t r i k e teachers? A : W h a tw a k e sy o uu pi n t h em o r n i n g ? B :A l a r g ec o f f e e l > GRA]VIMAR REFERENCE PAGE108 > PRACTICEPAGE88 Associations VncnhulnrV wilh will andgoingto firammar Future fordecisions reasons decisions andgiving t* fifi Making Lnnqumge rV ffind speaking #mnmhulfi 't Complete the sentences using the words in the box g o w i t h i m a g e a s s o c i a t i o n sm a k e s r e m i n d s sounds suggests sutts The name Elvisalwavs_ me ot a rocK SIAT a f l o w e rt o m e m e t h i n ko f t h e S h e ' sc a l l e dl n d i a ,s o i t - counTry m y p e r s o n a l i tayt a l l M y n a m ed o e s n ' t ' c a l m '- a n d l ' m n o t l It means I t h i n ka n a m el i k eA u g u s t u sc r e a t e sa v e r y s t r o n g H e r n a m e ' sF l o r aT h a t= - - l i k eh e H i s f i r s t n a m e ' sJ o r g e ,s o i t - c o u l db e S p a n i s h ' f u l lo f I S h e ' sa l i v e l yp e r s o na n d h e r n a m em e a n s her l i f e ' ,s o l t r e a l l y- - B T h e n a m eL o r n ah a sa l l k i n d so f h a p p y ' sa m e f o r m e , b e c a u s et h a t w a s m y g r a n d m o t h e r n ? I n p a i r s ,d i s c u s st h e f o l l o w i n gq u e s t i o n s D o y o u l i k ey o u rn a m e ? D o e si t g o w i t h y o u r p e r s o n a l i t Y ? Do you know why your parentsgaveyou t h a tn a m e ? D o v o u k n o ww h a t i t m e a n s ? Look at the pictures.They show ways in which p a r e n t sd e c i d e o n n a m e s f o r t h e i r c h i l d r e n T h i n k of other ideas CSI Listen to parents talking about their children's names As you listen, write the speaker next to the name(s)they chose Name lSpeaker Dawn Lola Kevin George Stanley I STealrcert Matilda iReason Look at the Top Ten reasons why parents choose n a m e s f o r t h e i r c h i l d r e n L i s t e na g a i n a n d m a t c h the six names in Exercise4 with the correct reasons ffi d$e baby fornaming Top $ffi reasons I t s o u n d sg o o d I t ' sa f a m o u sp e r s o n 'ns a m e I t c a m ef r o m a n a m eb o o k I t ' sa t r a d i t i o n af la m i l yn a m e I t c r e a t e sa s t r o n gi m a g e I t r e m i n d tsh e m o f a c l o s ef r i e n d I t ' st h e n a m eo f a p a r e n to r g r a n d p a r e n t I t h a sr e l i g i o uass s o c i a t i o n s I t r e f e r st o t h e t i m e o f b i r t h + J r ' S r Y l n n af or c u s a Match the examples in the box with the rules below I t Lref tfilK{rltl I Look at the products below and think about the best names for each one W e ' l l f a k et h e f i r s t n a m ew e f i n d c a l l o u rb a b yb o y S t a n l e y r- I don't think I'll callher that ts W e ' r e g o i n g t o - W h e n w e t a l ka b o u td e c i s i o n sm a d eb e f o r e t h e m o m e n to f s p e a k i n gE x a m p l e _ W h e n w e t a l ka b o u td e c i s i o n sm a d ea f t h e m o m e n r o f s p e a k i n gE x a m p l e_ W h e n w e m a k ea d e c i s i o nn o t t o d o s o m e t h i n o Exampl_ e - ] C K l o k/ I l m e - z o n e / Accurate EEI Listen and repeat the sentences -r^f i^^ U LIT.U Underlinethe correct form of the verb E x a m p l eW : e ' v e a l r e a d ym a d eo u r d e c i s i o nh: e ' l l / h e ' s g o i n g t o b e c a l l e dB e r n i e We decidedlast night that we'll / we're going to h a v ea p a r t yt o c e l e b r a t eD a v e ' sn e w j o b A : D o y o u w a n t t o c o m e t o t h e n e w B o n dm o v i e tonight? B: l'm not sure I'll / I'm going fo callyou later What did you decide- will you / are you going to c a l ly o u rd o g B o n e s ? A : O h , n o ! D i dy o u h e a r t h a t ?T h e t r a i n ' sg o i n g t o / w i l l b e h a l fa n h o u rl a t e B: ln that caseI'll / l'm going fo take the bus I h a v e n ' tm a d eu p m y m i n dy e t , b u t I t h i n k l ' l l / I ' m going fo call my boat GypsyOueen A : W o u l dy o u l i k ea d r i n k ? B: No, I don't think I will / l'm going fo, thanks I h a n e e a r l i e r , l ' v e m a d eu p m y m i n d- t h e t w i n s w o n ' t / a r e n ' t g o i n g f o h a v es i m i l a rn a m e s S p a r k l /eW h i t eM a g i c/ F r e s h | Rainbow/ Tasty/ Tropical F i r s td e c i d ew h i c h n a m ey o u l i k eb e s ta n d w h y C h o o s eo n e o f t h e n a m e ss u g g e s t e d( o rt h i n ko f o t h e ri d e a s ) I n g r o u p s t, r y t o a g r e eo n t h e b e s t n a m e s R e m e m b etro g i v ey o u r r e a s o n s I I A : A r ey o ug o i n gt o m a r r vh i mt h e n ? B : I ' mn o ts u r eD , ad l ' l ld e c i d lea t e r > G R A M M A RR E F E R E N CPEA G E1 > PRACTICE PAGE89 ffiffi ffir**ftr fl-r-]m r flq:ilu $ :iL-i!i-,'r: ffi a) Complete the example sentencesfrom the afticle, then answer the question Write sentences using the informationgiven below to draw conclusionsabout the past There may be more than one answer A S h em i g h t E x a m p l eg:o l dh e a d d r e s s S h eI r i c n She nl"ust have beew rlch B S h ec o u l d C S h ec a n ' f D S h em u s t I n e x a m p l e sA t o D , a r e w e t a l k i n ga b o u ta s i t u a t i o ni n t h e p a s to r i n t h e p r e s e n t ? b) Match the example sentenceswith the correct m e a n i n gi n t h e t a b l e b e l o w v e r yt a l l S h e/ s p e c i am l e d i c acl a r e r e m e m b e r eldo n gs t o r i e s S h e/ g o o dm e m o r y c a r b r o k ed o w n H e / r u n o u t o f p e t r o l w o k e u p l a t e H e / n o t h e a rh i sa l a r mc l o c k n o a n s w e t t h e d o o r H e I g o o u t v e r y l a t ef o r d i n n e r T h e y/ g e t l o s t m y b i c y c l ei s m i s s i n g S o m e o n e/ b o r r o wi t f a i lt h e e x a m S h e/ n o t s t u d vm u c n M e a n i nogf m o d apl h r a s e s I t ' sc e r t a i n l yn o t t r u e I t ' s p o s s i b l yt r u e I t ' sc e r t a i n l tyr u e I t ' s p o s s i b l yt r u e r e r r ar K t n g , l U Draw conclusionsabout the past M a k e n o t e sa b o u tw h a t y o u t h r n kl i f ew a s l i k e2 , 0 y e a r sa g o T h e s ei d e a s m a y h e l py o u entertalnment families farming O NOUSCS One metre seventy The team found that the Ice Maiden was one metre seventy in height - extremely tall for a woman at that time It is not clear why she was so tall - she might have had extra food because of her status Dressed like a man The Ice Maiden was dressed exactly like a man, which means that she could have worked as a soldier And only important people wore tall headdresses- she was wearing a metre-tall headdress.It was covered in gold which clearly showed she was a rich and powerful woman Hole in the head The archaeologists found a large hole in the back of her head This was probably part of a process for preserving o illness relrgron o culture transport food I n g r o u p sd, i s c u s sy o u ri d e a sa n de x p l a i n y o u rr e a s o n s an d w r i t i n g Write a paragraph using the notes you made in Exercise8 and the ideas you talked about Compare life in the past with your life today important people when they died This young woman clearly can't have been an ordinary member of society Fabulous tattoos Her body was covered with fabulous tattoos The archaeologists now think that she must have been a storyteller Storytellers were very important members of the Pazyryk society They memorised the history of their people and used the tattoos of animals to A : L i f em u s th a v eb e e nh a r d e1r , 0y0e a r sa g o B :Y e s b, u ti t m i g hht a v eb e e nq u i e t e r illustrate the stories In this way, they passed on the beliefs and traditions to future senerations > G R A M M A RR E F E R E N CPEA G E1 > PRACTICE PAGE105 73 processes: VocabularyBusiness wordbuilding Non-defining Grammar relative clauses Language to go Giving extra information A W n n i n gf o r m u l a V o c a b u l a rayn d s p e a k i n g 1'y, Complete the sentenceswith the appropriateform of the nouns or verbs in the box S p e c i f inco u n I G e n e r anlo u n ( a )p r o d u c t I production ( a )m a r k e t I marketing ( a )b u s i n e s p s l a n] p l a n n i n g ( a )b u s i n e s s I business ( a n )a d v e r t I advertising TobyMott wasjust an ordinaryperson who workedas an artist.Butthen,at the ageof 35,he i ' hadan ideawhich I Verb i ( t o )p r o d u c e | ( t o )m a r k e t ( t o )p l a n ( | t o )d o b u s i n e s s | ( t o )a d v e r t i s e madehim famous It started when he wanted to earn somemoneyfor Christmasone year Hisproductwas simple,a short message- five words on a T-shirt.lt was a winning formula T r a d i t i o n a l tl yh ,e t w o m a i n from Brazil w e r e c o f f e ea n d g o l d i s v e r y g o o da t t h e m o m e n t- w e ' r e m a k i n ga l o t o f m o n e y T h ed e p a r t m e ndt e a l sw i t h a n dp u b l i c i t y T h e yd i d a l o t o f _ b e f o r et h e y b u i l tt h e new suoermarKet Youhaveto show the banka before t h e y ' l ll e n dy o u t h e m o n e y O u r c o m p a n yd o e s n ' tm a k e c l o t h e sb u t w e c l o t h e sm a d eb y o t h e rc o m p a n i e s H a v ey o u s e e nt h a t f u n n yt o o t h p a s t e on TV? TE o E TI In pairs, discuss the statements below Do you agree? / l f v o u a d v e r t i s es o m e t h i n o\ T h e b e s t i d e a sa r e ( e n o u g h ,p e o p l ew i l l b u y i t l I n e v e rp l a n n e d ( f h e m o s t s u c c e s sufl p r o d u c t s I a r et h e s i m o l e sot n e s \ l \ - - - - \ ' I R e a din g Read the first paragraphof the text to find out w h a t T o b y M o t t ' s ' w i n n i n gf o r m u l a 'w a s Read the whole text What the following numbers refer to? TI o 20 36 40 60.000 Read the text again and answer the following questions W h y d i d h e d e c i d et o s t a r th i s o w n b u s i n e s s ? W h e r ed o e s h e f i n d n e w p h r a s e s ? W h a td o h i sf r i e n d st h i n ka b o u th i m ? 74 o c E l Hetookthe T-shirts to a clothes shopandtheysold40 in a week lmmediately, he decided to starthis ownbusiness, Theproductwasgood, planrightandit he got the business worked.In the lasttwelvemonths,he hassold60,000T-shirts worldwide Thephrases for the T-shirtscome fromthingshethinksof duringthe dayandfromconversations with friendsat dinner.Hiscustomers, who include the richandthe famous, phrases enjoyhisimaginative They 'l include thingslike will spendyour 'l thingsI shouldn't' money', and 'l havenothing to wear',whichhe soldto the top international model, KateMoss Mott says,'l'm successful, but it hasn'tchanged my personal life.I stillworkat homeon the samesmall desk,whereI produce all the designs My friends, who l'veknown for morethantwentyyears,arestill myfriends 'ln fact,they're assurprised about mysuccess as I am.' 36 G r a m m af ro c u s Look at the example of a non-definingrelative clause in the box and answer the questions below Practice My friends,who I've known for more than twenty years,are still my friends E x a m p l eM : y c a r n e e d sa n e w e n g i n e I h a v eh a d i t f o r ten years Mg oar, whLoh I have had for tew t4ears, weeds a wew ewglwe Doesthe clauseadd extraor essentialinformation a b o u tt h e ' f r i e n d s ' ? What relativepronounis usedto introducethis clause? W i l l t h e s e n t e n c es t i l lm a k es e n s ei f t h e n o n _ d e f i n i n gr e l a t i v ec l a u s ei s r e m o v e d ? W h a t p u n c t u a t i osnu r r o u n d tsh e n o n - d e f i n i n o relativeclause? Combine these sentencesto make one sentence Use a non-definingrerativecrauseto give the extra information H e r h o m et o w n i s i n t h e n o r t ho f t h e i s r a n dr.t h a sa p o p u l a t i o on f b , 0 Budapesthas a rargeriver.I went there on business lastyear H i s w i f e c o o k sw o n d e r f ucr h i n e s ef o o d s h e i s f r o m H o n gK o n g M y f o o t b a ltl e a m k e e p so n l o s i n g !| h a v es u p p o r t e d them for years T h a tw o m a n h a so p e n e dh e r o w n s h o p S h e i s o n l y2 My friendhas decidedto move to SouthAfrica His parentslive in CapeTown T h a r o g r a m m e' E n t r e p r e n e u riss,r e a l l yg o o d I t ' so n a t p m Find three more examples in the text what relative pronouns are used? Gettalking Exptaina business plan Y o uw a n t t o s t a r ta n e w b u s i n e s sl.n p a i r s ,d e c i d e on a product Make a businessplanto borrowmoneyfrom the bank.Use the form below E x p l a i ny o u r p l a nt o a n o t h e rg r o u p Product: i, Price: Publicity: Place: andwriting Write a letter to your bank manager Give an outline of your idea, mention your plan and ask for help with the finance A : D oy o uh a v ea b u s i n e spsl a n ? B :Y e s I, h a v ea p l a nw , h i c hI w r o t e myself, andthe perfectproduct A : R e a l l yT?e l lm em o r e > G R A M M A RR E F E R E N CPEA G E1 Adaptedfrom The SundavTimes > PRACTICEPAGE 105 Verbexpressions V*';r:F:*irur\r about friendship $"irnur"r'*r perfect Present withforandsince $-.*n*{'*n[j#i {r:iJ* Describing friendship ffi$Nffrnmnr#m -\v'r*nmhu $#$'Vmnd sp#ffi$