1. U thuong dugc phat am la A J: cyt, fyngus 2. u con dugc phat am la ju: hyman, yniversity h6 u con duqc phat
Trang 1A KIEN THỨC NGƠN NGU Phan mot
ƠN TẬP HIẾN THỨC VÀ HĨ NẴNG
Tio ĐỊNH mang: PHấT TRIỂN NĂNG LỰC - L NGỮ ÂM
Trong hệ thống ngữ âm của tiếng Anh cĩ 5 24 1 phục âm (consonants), va 22 nguyên âm (vowels) \ va nguyen am d6i (diphthongs) PHONETIC SYMBOLS | Vowels _.t _Consonants
I | fit, minute : p preface, happen, perfect_ e | dress, head, settle b | basic, benefit, job _
e | allergy, atlas” ~~ t [ technical, submit, button
0 | goggles, odd, wash d decline, ladder, delicate i A | mud, love, blood _k |kind,clock,school -u_ | foot, good, put g | guide, single, ghost
i: | disease, sea, machine | _ tf ¬ charity, match, nature |
e1 | replace, agency, break “dg | judge, injure, solđier —
al rice, high, try £ | forbid, photo, rough: - 2i SỞ 21 choice, boy ˆ v_ | vital heavy, supervise -
u: | goose, blue, group 0 | threaten, author, path
3U_| goat, show, associate _5 therefore, other, smooth _
| av_ | mouth, drought _ s _ process, semester, pursue - Ie | fear, severe, weary 2 Zero, music, “symbolise cĩ
ea | square, fair, various _ ~J- | shortage, sure, national - a: | departure, father 3 | pleasure, vision ' : -.-
thought, law, north nh _handle, whole, ahead ST
U9 poor, jury, cure mi Mature, garment, curriculum
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7 3 e cịn được phát âm là [1]: explore, security |
slect, mechanic, famine ae [iat I , Valley, feel
t [reference, wrone
J O use
Ww workshop, one, when
Cac nguyén 4m va phy 4m: tiéng Anh cĩ một sé cách phát â âm nhất định Sau -
By là một số cách phát âm thơng thường của một số chữ cái- tiếng Anh
1 NGUYÊN AM
*Quy tac phát âm các chữ cái nguyên âm trong tiếng Anh
Chữ cái a
la thường được phát 4m 1a [a]: fan, national
a cịn được phát âm là [ei]: take, nafure
va thường được phát âm là [:] (đặc biệt trước b: fall, altogether
a cịn được phát â âm là [p]: want, quality
a cịn được phát âm là [e]: many, any a cịn được phát âm 1a [1]: message acon duge phat 4m 1a [a]: afraid, familiar eS ND YF YN a cịn được phát âm la [a:]: after, class Chữ cái e
1 e cĩ thể được phát âm là fis]: fever, gene
2 e cịn được phát 4m la [e]: educate, flexible 4 e cịn được phát âm là [a]: interest, chicken Số Chữ cái o |
-1, o cĩ thể được phát âm là [ D]: for
2.0 con duge phat âm là [A]: s :
3 o cịn được phát âm là [au]: post, almost: 4 o cịn được phát âm 1a [a]: computer, purpose
5 0 con duoc phat 4m la [wa]: one, once ` -
Chữ cái u ,
u thường được phát âm là [A]: cụt, fungus ucon duoc phat am 1a [ju]: human, university
u con được phát âm là [u:]: include 1 -3.u cịn được phát â âm là [o]: push : 4 5 ucon được phat 4m 1a [a]: success Chir cai i |
1 i thuong được phát âm là [r]: fịt, slippery |
2.1 con dugce phat 4m 14a [ai]: strive, sacrifice 3.1 cịn được phát âm 1a [a]: terrible, principle Chữ cái y
1 y thường được phát â âm là a: therapy, Worry — ca
2 y cịn được phát âm là [ai]: shy, muldply | "
Luyện tap
Exercise 1: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word whose
underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the rest in each of the following questions
fiction C mile ©
1 A light B D.sign
2.A elegant B develop _C enlarge» D excite 3, A appear B expand C fortunate D delicate
4 A agency B false =€ framework D amaze 5 A mostly _B.emotion C.ðffcial D lơnely
_6 A defend ~ B entrance C evergreen D enormous 7 A fungus B century C husband D undergo- 8 A style | =B, OXyEen: - C syllable D typical 9 A horn B torn C landlord D worldly
10 A inform - B situation C dialogue D signal
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Chúng ta cũng cần lưu ý ý cách "pH Aen chanted nhĩm chữ cái nguyên
âm như sau:
Nhĩm ai: thường được phát â âm nlà [ei gain, entertain cố _ hoặc [ea]: fair, armchair oe Nhĩm ay thường được phát 4 am là [ei]: stay, betray
Nhĩm au thường được phát âm là Đ: jin aughty, audience
Nhĩm aw cũng thường được phát âm là bị: awful, lawn TS
_—_ Nhĩm ea thường được phát â âm là [i j beat, measles s oe hoặc [ei]: great, break
hoặc [e]: health, feather Nhĩm ei thường được phát âm là [ei]: weight, e eighty
| hoặc THỊ: ceiling, deceive _hoặc [ai]:-he eight
Nhĩm ey thường được phát â âm là [ei]: hey, convey "hoặc fi]: key Nhĩm ee thường được phát âm là li: ]: cheese, kneel Nhĩm ie thường được phát âm là [i:]: piece, relieve
hoặc lai]: fie tie —
- hoặc, [a]: ancient, proficie icient hoac e [aia]: society, quiet
Nhĩm 0a thường được phát â âm là [au]: load, coast
| ĩc | _ hoặc [2]: abroad, broaden
Nhĩm o 00 0 thudng duge phat an am là [u:]: tool, Boose
| _hoặc [ơ]: book, foot
_ hoặc [a]: flood, blood Nhĩm ou thường được phát â âm là [au]: mouse, account
- hoặc [u]:: soul, shoulder ` -
“0 hede [a]: couple, trouble 2
th hưặc [u:]:' “group, ‘Souveni
hoặc [U]: could, would hoac [a]: famous, marvellous
Nhĩm ow thường được phát âm 1a [au]: cow, brown hoặc {au]: throw, yellow Nhĩm oi hoặc oy thường được phát âm là [2i]: 7 oy, voice, join Nhĩm oe thường được phát â âm là [au]: toe, Joe a
-_ Nhĩm ui thường được phát â âm nà HH build, guitar |
ˆ Nhĩm uy thưởng được phát am 1d [ai]: buy, guy ˆ Nhĩm ew thường được phát âm là [ju:]: new, dew
* Lưu ý:
Những quy tắc trên chỉ là những cách đọc phổ biến, hgồi ra cĩ những trường hợp ngoại lệ Khi cĩ nghỉ ngờ, chung ta phải tra từ điển và ghỉ nhớ cách phát âm tùng từ cho chính xác
Luyện tập
- Exereise 2: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to-indicate the word whose : underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the rest in | eacli of the following questions
1 A disease B meaning -:Cy heaven - :D tease -
2 A mountain B wounded .€ county .- :D.account 3 A crowded B towel - _ C vowel - _D towed
ACA certain | :B maintain C,sustain - D,mermaid
5 A field B friend Cy yield: -D: series:
6 A material B crucial : C partial - D financial -
7 A tool B ooze -C.racoon ~_ D: cooking 8 A toast B foam C broad D coat
9 A reign B leisure _ "s neighbour _D vein
10 A saw B crawling ae law - | ; D, lawyer 2 PHU AM
*Ouy tắc phát âm các chữ cái ¡ phụ âm strong tiéng Anh Chữ cái c: cĩ thể được phát âm nhiều cách:
Trang 4tớc i„¡e, hodc y): certify, cycle ` Chữ cái d: "` Ắ
od Cĩ thể phát âm là [dl dramatic, demand
2.Cĩ thể phat 4 am 1a [d3]: gradual, educate | Chir cái g: cĩ
s1, Cĩ thể phát 4 âm ala ig}: guess, s regular Be
-3 Cĩ thể phát âm là l5I: beige, garage
Chữ cái n:
_ 1 Cĩ thể phát â âm là [n]: neck, fun
2,.Cĩ:thể phat 4m:1a [1]: unele, drink
queue, require | |
a Chir cái si cũng cĩ thê được phát ầm nhiều cách: _
od, Cĩ thể phát âm là (sl: secrel, optimist ˆ
2: Cĩ thể phát:âm là [z]: rose, resume ~~ 3 Cĩ thê phát âm 1a [J]: sugar, ensure
4 C6 thé phat 4m 1a [3]: usually, occasion ˆ
(Cach phat âm đuơi s trong danh từ số nhiều, Sở hữu cách và: ‘dang dong tu ngoi thứ ba sơ Ít sẽ được đề cập ở phần sau)
Chữ cái t: cĩ thể được phát âm những cách SaU: -
1 Cĩ thể phát âm là [t]: /„or, pretence
2 Cĩ thể phát âm là [J]: ‘option, initial
3 Cĩ thể phát â âm là [tí }: culture, question 'Chữ cái x: cĩ thể được phát âm những cách sau:
1 Cĩ thể phát âm là.[gz]: exist, exhibit
3 Cĩ thé phát âm là [kƒ]: anxious, futury 8 28 0:
-2 Cĩ thể phát âm lả [ds] (đặc | biệt là khi nĩ ding trước Í, e, , hoke yy germ, origin “hả
Nhĩm chữ cái qu (chữ cái q luơn luơn đi với 1w) cĩ thể phát âm đà [kw]:
2 Phat a âm zIs sau các nguyên â âm và ' phụ â âm hữu thanh:
Một số nhĩm chữ cái phụ âm được phát âm như sau: - Nhĩm ch cĩ thê được phát â âm là [k]: chemist, mechanic 7
hoặc [t ƒ I: “check, bunch _ hĩẶc [ ƒ iF machine, parachute
Nhĩm sh thường được phát â âm là [J]: shock, smash
oN hom th h thường được phat a âm là [9]: theme, “depth
| “hoặc [0]; shus feather
Nhĩm gh hoặc ph thường được phat 4 am la If: rough, laughter - — paragraph Quy tắc phat 4 âm đuơi -g/ eS:
Dudi -s/es ‘chia’ ‘danh từ sỐ nhiều/ SỞ hữu cách hoặc dạng động từ thường được phát âm theo 3 cách:
1, Phát â âm [s] sau các: phụ â âm vơ thanh: (LP); ik (Ak | (tl, l8) : speaks spi: ks] GIẦY
nhai
-'Ways [Weiz] : - names {neimz]: ::
| 3 Phat a âm liz} sau cac am [s], [Z], H [tl], BỊ và [ds]: colleges T kplidsiz] ‘teaches [ti tfiz],
Quy tắc phát âm đuơi ~ed của “ones từ qué khứ:
" Thường cĩ 3 cách phát âm đuơi -edf
1 Phát â âm mn [1d] sé sau f và a: needed [ni: did] operated pparéitid] 2, Phát â âm n [dị sau u nguyên | âm và phụ â âm hữu thanh:
stayed I steid]_ questioned | kwestfand]
3 Phat Am’ [t] sau phụ â âm vơ thánh (lh Uk) 1; I9], (sh u iI, (spe stopped [stopt] finished F fan f li "¬
Trang 5
Luyén tap er Ssh gon Dares age ged 0
Exercise 3: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to ‘indicate | the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the rest in each of the
following questions `
1 A strikes _ B makes C “decides D completes 2 A exciting B exact C exaggerate D exam 3 A survey B suffer C resign D restore’ 4A, rushes | B sacrifices C pushes D figures SA recruit _ B, adventure | ` - C retail — Đ.attempts
6A houses B clothes C matches D stages 7 A noticed « =8 overlooked ` €.believed - 'D.published '
8 A charity - B: chapter C chimpanzee _D character 9 A collected _B, attracted C attended .D cooked " 10 A, popular B politics - C, receipt D cooperate _
3 TRONG AM (STRESS)
_.Đối với những từ cĩ hai âm tiết trở lên, cĩ một âm tiết được nhắn mạnh hơn,
cĩ cao độ trường độ lớn hơn những â âm tiết cịn lại, đĩ là â âm tiết cĩ trọng âm chính của từ Những từ cĩ ba âm tiết trở lên thường cĩ thêm trọng âm phụ được nhấn nhẹ hơn so với trọng âm chính
Doc dung trong âm từ trong tiếng Anh là rất quan trọng Vi vay khi hoc một từ mới trước hết chúng ta phải học cách phát â âm đúng và đọc cing trọng âm từ
Nhìn chung chỉ cĩ một số quy tắc về Trọng âm như sau: ets - Đối với những động từ cĩ hai âm tiết thì thường trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ hai:
begin [bi' gin} pollute [pa'lu: th | oe
- Đối với danh từ và a tinh từ CĨ ĩ hai â âm tiết thi lượng âm thường roi vào âm tiết
thứ nhất: ¬ bes A Pte gO
labour (n) [leiba] - basic (adj) ['beisrk]
= Những danh từ cĩ đuơi là -sion, -tion hoặc -cian thi trong am chinh thường roi vao am tiết ngay trước đỏ (âm tiết thứ hai từ cuối ¡ lên);
_ Precision [prr siín]
- communication [kemju: nĩ kein],
mathematician [maBama' trị n]”~
- Những danh từ cĩ đuơi là -ity, -logy hoac “raph y thì trọng âm chính thường rơi vào âm tiết thứ ba từ cuối lên:
“stability © [sta'brleati]
technology [tek'npladsï]
geography [dgr’ pgrofi] |
- - Những tính từ cĩ đuổi là -ic thi trong 4 am chinh cũng thường : TƠI vào âm tiết ngay trước đĩ (âm tiết thứ hai từ cuối lên): scientific [sajan" crf] | - - Cịn những tính từ cĩ đuơi là -icaf thì trọng âm chính thường rơi vào âm tiết : thứ ba từ cuơi lên: _ electrical [r lektrrkaf] mathematical [maœ6a'maœtrkl]
- Chú ý nhĩm từ sau: khi là động từ thì trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ hai, khi là danh từ thì trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ nhất: ¬_
conflict - COTtrast' export increase
import _Insult -protest - '› produce -
progress: ‘rebel © - tecord suspect: - °
survey transfer transport
- Vị dụ: |
- conflict (n): P Konfirkt} conflict (v) [ken flikt]
- Đối với những danh từ ghép viết liên nhau thì trọng âm thường rơi vào âm
tiết thứ nhất: bus, ae
gateway ['geitwei] guidebook [‘gaidbuk]
- Những từ cĩ đuơi như sau thì thường cĩ trọng âm chính rơi vào âm tiết cuối: -ee; 2ˆ agree {a'gri:] referee [refar ri: ]
| -SÉP: - ~ — volunteer [vblan" tia]
-ese: Vietnamese [vjetna'mi:z] -aire: - Si | questionnaire [kwest/ 2 nea] -ique/ -esque: unique [ju:mni: k]
-ain (đối với động từ): entertain [e rita 'tein]
Trang 6Exercise 6: Mark the letter A, B, C, ‘or-D-to indicate’ the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from, that of the rest in each of the Trẻ rên đây chi là một vài quy tắc đánh trọng âm (tay nhiên ngay ¢ cả những quy following questions _ tắc này Cũng cĩ rất nhiều ngoại lệ) Vì thế chúng tơi xin nhắn mạnh lại:với: học sinh -political - là các em phải nắm chắc cách phái âm và trọng âm của từ khi học các từ mới 1 A thrifty, -B profitable C punctual D
Luyén tap 2 A naked B passed C attacked D fixed
Exercise 4: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word that differs 3 A element B frequent C reaffirm D: illegal
| from the rest in the Position of the main stress in each of the following 4 A educate _ 8B during C eradicate ~ - D desert -
questions _- Thế nh GÀ TA ơ ơ ~ ô+5 Av declares ¬ B inherits, C, corresponds D covers.) 6
LAL process oe đu ng sua ọ C market’ "- D menbĂ | cà 6,A habitat De 2B household’ -C rhinoceros củi D: heritage Poe 2: A admit’ B propose Cc require ¬ hurry _ 7 A great -B steak C breakout D breakfast
3 A family B arrival C mischievous D, confidence 8 A human — số ‘B curriculum C.introduce - D commune —
4 A qualified B possible C intensive | - D interesting k A encourage | B ploughing C- doubtful sả -D astound
5 A surface _ Bemajor —.C romance | D 10 A cough B.enough - C.laughtr D plough
pn "¬ oo ĐĨ - genius Exercise 7: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word that differs 6 A minority B independent C celebration _D optimistic “from the rest in the position of the 1 main stress in cach of the following
7 A certificate B application C inhabitant ~ D compulsory - questions | mos
8 A reform _ B legal oe unite - D digest - ood, A industry ~ : B memory " C.enomous m advertise "¬ 9 A penalty B attendance “Cc opponent D ‘adventure _ 2 A-handle B gesture, | C retain _D famine te
; x ° , ~ 3 A rainfall B.1 inquire’ ~~ Cy confide» ~D machine’
10 A equality B available C manufacture D biography “CASA tabléland ie B artistic: C contribute Dp, substantial -
Exercise 5: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word whose 5 A colony — =8, exparision Œ maintenance D enterprise
underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the rest in each of the e 6 A corporation B recovery © `: relationship` :D: enthusiast -
following questions - _ | 7.A.address “ B.inelude' C.imply: °° Decover
cà 1 A, diploma Chờ B category C leftovers " D social 8.-A evacuate B:environment C commnunioste D uexpeeted 2.A crumble B vulnerable C dump a D cactus/-ì- 2 9, A petroleum , +.B ineredible C desirable _D satisfaction 3 A factor B sword C absorb D fork > 100A associate BH influential ‘C.accountaney D variety
; " oo oo Be, Exerci se 8: ark he letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word that differs
4.4 epidemic B pretend -C reject D hesitate thêu from the vest Me the ps of the main in ee ‘in each of the following
5 A preserve B pattern - C vertical D insert _ - questions :
; 6 A solved | B stylized C survived Dp stretched 1 Av eriteria ˆ 8, departure - C involvement - Di: discipline’ my
7.A.marial — _ -B.litate C: tension_ D soften’ 2: A pharmacy B.pioner iC interchange 'D.: ‘understand oe
“8 Aginger 9 A arithmetic _ Bagmde C.gosslp B, threaten Cc thereby D, thesis D.gmdude oy, BpAvrelax: B.wendir” C.pHObleml D.speild : 4A imagine eB, confidence C opponent ˆ | D discussion cào
10 A searches 3 edges ¬ C measures s D colle " 5.A profit B Planet a C facial a Di upset
~ cần nh Lên Cu ges: " 6 A original B responsible © C reasonable © D: comparison
TA | _
Trang 742D ‘facilitate 1Ð: appliance: 7A humanity.» B: necessity C academic: 8 A emotional _ © astronomy: ” 9 A reflection 10 A intensity »B economic’ »
B division C interview D> remémber’ B congratulate | C philosophy D enteonénéur’ II NGỮ PHÁP 1 THỜI CỦA ĐỘNG TỪ - A, 1 Thời hiện tại đơn được sử dụng: | thích My parents always let me eat fast food at weekends - để diễn tả các chân lí ¬
Stress causes high blood pressure
De dé dura ra các chỉ dẫn (cho; yếu dùng trong văn Tới), Steal
To bake a ‘cake, you break fin ive eggs ‘into a big bowl and: you add a half a kilo of flour
+ dé tường thuật sự kiện đang diễn Ta
And now Rooney passes the ball to Giggs:
Cac trang từ chỉ tần suất thường hay sử dụng v VỚI, thời hiện tại ¡đơn bao § gồm: always - usually - often - Sometimes - occasionally - rarely/seldom - never
1.2 Thoi hiện tại tiếp diễn được sử dụng: ae Spe, - dé diễn tả những hành động đang diễn ra tại thời điểm hiện | tại.- -
Tam sorry, I can't talk now: I am having a meeting
- dé dién ta những hành động Kay ra xung, 'quanh thời điểm nĩi:
Recently we are watching a Korean movie which is on at to every right
" Các trang tir thường dùng \ Với thời hiện ti tí p diễn bảo gồm:
_ 1.3 Thời hiện tại hồn thành được sử ‘dung: ae
- dé dién ta những hành động, sự việc cĩ liên quan tới hiện tại, hod con 1 két qua ở hiện tại (thường sử dụng \ với already, just, yet, ever Je
The 1 manager has come We can begin now
- để diễn tả một hành động, sự việc đã kéo dai L được bao lâu r rồi ï (thường Sử
dung véi for va since) He has lived i in that house for fi ve years oe ¬~ để diễn: tả những hành: động, sự việc thường xuyên, diễn ra, các: thei quen, sở: SỐ
_- để diễn tả những; kinh nghiệm đã trải: qua: trong qưá khứ (thời: gian diễn ra : những kinh nghiệm này khơng được dé cap toi) "ằ
_ [have been to Patis and London : ee -1,4 Thời hiện tại hồn:thành tiếp diễn được sử dụng:
- để diễn tả những hành động bắt đầu trong quá khứ và vẫn cịn tiếp diễn ở
- hién tai (thuong | di với since hoặc for)
| i have been studying English for len years, thì
: fa - - để diễn tả một hành động vừa, mới kết thúc nhưng kết, quả vẫn: cịn: ở hiện t tại Lam exhausted, j have been walking for miles |
1 5, “Thời quá khứ đơn được sử dụng: gi ng
- để điễn tả những hành động, sự kiện diễn ra trong quá khứ:với' thời gian - ặ được xác định
An June 2007 Steve Jobs introduced the fir rst ‘Iphone to 6 the public,
- -để diễn tả những thĩi quen, hành động thường xuyên diễn ra trong quá khứ During Roman Empire; people usually used public bathroom
- để tường thuật lại chuyện đã xảyTa số
The door opened and a big black dog suddenly appeared
1 6 Thoi qua khir tiép diễn được sử: dung} "`
- dé diễn tả những hành động, SỰ, kiện đang xây, ra tai một thời điểm xác c định _ trong quá khứ,
I looked out and saw that it was raining - s
_ - để diễn tả một "hành động, st kign dang diễn r ra a thi hành h động su ki khác
bất ngờ xen ngang TỦ ,
When T was jalking on The phone, ‘she suddenly opened the door ST - để diễn tả những hành động; sự kiện diễn ra a Jam n nén n cho những hành động, sự kiện khác
| ` He walked d slowly hi home It was" 8 raining i heavily, eople weré @ pushing along
the pavement.» Bea kn Gy uh ts nh = “an
„91% Thời quá khứ hồn thành được sử k dụng:- ĐỀ of Shaws ns
- dé diễn tá một hành động, sự kiện đã kết thúc: trước một thoi điểm: trong ‹ quá - khứ hay trước một hành động, sự kiện khác: trong quá: khứ - ¬
By the time he got home, his wife had cooked a delicious 5 meal
Trang 8
os 8 EhOt qua khứ hồn thành tiếp diễn được sử dụng: ch dị
- để diễn tả những hành động, sự kiện bắt đầu trước một thời điểm xác định
trong quá khứ và kéo dài đến thời điểm đĩ (thường đi-với since hoặc for) ° It was now six and hệ ‘was very tired because he had been: ‘working since dawn
1.9 Used to/ would — ES
_—- Used to duge str dung dé dién ta ¡ những thối quen, trang thái trong quá khứ, tui đặc biệt để thể hiện sự đối lập với hiện tại, wes ie eS nu
oT used to play football when I was ten; ‘but I havven' t 1 played Jor ¢ ages, - | Would được sử dụng để diễn tả thĩi quen n trong quá khứ Would khơng được sử dụng với động từ chỉ trạng thái : cu tử
_5] wømld spend my summer at the ‘beach when I was younger 4
1.10 Thời tương lai đơn được sứ dụng: "
- dé dién dat six suy ( đốn về È những, hành h động, s sự kiện thực tế sẽ xây ra trong
tương lài - ples : chiến bs Comey
Unemployment rate will decrease oy 3 % next t year - để dua ra gia thiết dựa trên thực (Ế sa
The phone is ringing That will be Mark - ee - - để diễn đạt những quyết định: tức thì:
Xi ‘feel thirsty 1 will have ¢ a glass of lemonade: * Be going to được sử dung:
as dé dién dat cac kế hoạch va dy dinh trong tuong lại
My father ; is going to stay in tonight and fi nish his favourite novel
- dé dién đạt những hành động, sự kiện sẽ diễn ra dựa trên những bằng chứng trong hiện tại
Look at the sky! hi is soing to rain
_ - dé thay thé cho will trong truong hop dua r ra cac du đốn
As we can all see, unemployment rate is going to decrease by 3960 next year.» * was going to được Sử dụng: để miêu: tả các: sự kiện: trong quá khứ: đáng lẽ đã xảy ra.nhưng trong thực tế lại khơng - - - - "¬
I was going to fy to New York for my oly bu as ‘decided Tổ: eto
Chicago vee i ee ye Bas 18 ` — #B/HĐ fPANH ˆ trong tương lai rất gần
* Thời hiện tại tiếp diễn được sir dung
- dé dién đạt hành động sẽ xây ra trong tương lai gần đã được sắp xếp bồ trí trước We are having a party on Sunday Do you want to Join?
* Thai hiện tại đơn được sử dụng
- để diễn tả các hành động trong tương lai đã được lên kế hoạch từ trước (giờ chạy tàu xe, thời gian biểu, thời khố biểu)
Spring term starts on I 5 " January.-
® be to, be about to, be due to ¬ cho ¬
- Be to được dùng để diễn đạt những sự ự sắp xếp sẽ # diễn: Ta trong tương, lai The president is to meet the prime minister next Monday :
- Be about to duge dung dé diễn đạt Ấn: hành động, sự r kiện s Sẽ xây ra
_ Look up at the balcony! The singer is about to appear |
- Be due to được dùng dé diễn đạt những hành động, sự kiện được hi vọng sé _ xảy ra vào một thời điểm nảo đĩ trong tương lai
The plane is due to arrive at 9 ve | | 1: Al "Thời tương lai tiếp diễn được sử ‘dung: - Ỷ ¬-
- dé diễn đạt những hành động, sự kiện kéo dài sẽ diễn ra trong tương lai This time next week, we will be visiting Roma - : ; - để diễn đạt những hành động, sự kiện đã được lên kế hoạch từ trước _ The band will be performing i in London next month: ¬ ae 1 12 Thời oi tương] lai hoan thanh, tương Ì lai hoan thanh hiếp đ diễn được s sử t dụng: : Ặ trong, một khoảng thời gian Ì khi nhìn từ một thời điểm trong, tương lại
By the end of this week, I will have already fi nished my s science € project
1.13 Các động từ chỉ trạng thái (state verbs) c ¬
- Các động, từ chỉ trạng thái thường khơng được sử dụng với,các thì tiếp diễn Some people believe that rhino horns ¢ can even-cure:Cancers, 0 - Một số động từ chỉ trang thai bao gém: belong,.consist, own, POssess, like, _ + love, prefer, understand, mean, seem, realize, regret
- Một số động từ cĩ thể diễn tá cá ý nghĩa hành động (action meaning) và ý a nghĩa trạng thái (state meaning) Với ý nghĩa trạng thái, động từ cũng khơng được
chia ở các thời tiếp diễn s |
Trang 9° | have: ’ | He has three big holies.’ ‘think: |
“TE think: you were so wrong
| She is being very kind lately
Mark is thinking of changing his job
T wasthaving ¢ a bath when you culled
see/hear:
TI see you have ¢ anew ‘dress `
We are seeing Mr - Bob this afternoon,
~ | smell, taste, feel:
-| Thịs room smells awful,
The cook is smelling the di sh_ : weigh, measure: This } box weighs m more than 1 0 kilos | .Luyện tập sentences 1, By the time Iam 60, 1 A would visit - C am going to visit
TƠM, — The » man was is weighing the bag
Exercise 1: Choose the best a answer (A, B, G or rÐ)t to ‘complete the Se following more than thirty countries in 1 the world,
Bị will visit” D, will have Visited |
21 _—_ James at 10 this ‘morning Do, you want to send him a 1 message? A met, Cc ‘am meeting " 3 Listen! I think someone _ a —Í A ‘is shouting — C will shout - “tomorrow
"A is shutting “B ‘would hurt” YC is ‘going fo hurt” ~ D hurts 5.1 “playing football ‘when I was s younger, but 1 now 1 I play i it almost
every day *: oi THỦ moa
A wouldn't like oC, didnttuisé to-like: 6 On the 20" of this month, 1
A, will have been: working £, will be working
+ ‘When We get: to New York, we “AY ate hiring ° ve C, would hire 20 _ “4 ‘Oh nhỷ ‘god! T have bib ; BA WiIBire“ +8 have met “Dp, will meet at tJ ohn outside “B shouted — dD ‘was shouting : T cB: Bi dvasw'riiltig Up ae SP =D: Both:A and:€ are correct eet here for exactly two years
B will Work ies ¿7 - SD: will have woiked ° : an apartment: tả 'Dhre -
| _ Chicago to Cedar Rapids when she 2 (see) cĩ road ahead Suddenly, that strange Ma? light 3 (n 3 (move) —
ba ‘to the journalists but then she realized that ‘she 10, (be)
changed her mind and made ie arecort oberg fifty interviews in only one day
8 Some kinds-of ocean creatures _ high levels of dangerous metals › › - -, Á are cọntaining -B contain
C have contained D will contain
9, John? fo: tennis at 9 a.m: on Sundays, s 'SƠ > by: this time: > tomorrow
- che _ ‘some exciting sets with Martin
AL plays/ will be’ having - | Bris playing/-will have had © "Ce will play/i is playing -Ð plays/ would have:° " | 10 - Have you decided where’ to go for your holidays t this year? z
Yes, we “camping.”
A will go B are going -
uD, will be be going
BONO NPE: „ the past Shepton: past 7 “continuous past t perfect 0 or r past perfect continuous ¬ nọ OANH là
_ In,the early hours.one morning in 2009, Mrs Fuels b.:(drive) from a light, flashing, on: nthe foggy
~ quickly, towards
his report about a strange light he noticed two hours before The story was : quickly taken up as proof of the presénce Of aliens ‘on earth “And” the next _ morning, although she was exhauistéd’ 'Because she:7: (Write) ˆ_
whole night, Mrs Fuels had::to:.answer.tens of phone calls from “journalists ‘a report the throughout, the U.S At first, Mrs, Fuels 8 (think); : She: 9 (not talk):
“very famous She
ˆ'2:THẺ BỊ ĐỘNG Tá
- ‘Tan ngữ trong câu chủ động tướng ứng với chủ r ngữ trong cau bi dong
Millions of people watch the program OBJECT BER LATE
~The program i is s watched bn millions vớ people, ee
SUBJECT Tu nu HN vi ee iy cr
- Cơng thức: , S + be + P2 vn 5a eye ee sunk nữ
, 'Động t từ, +o o bể được ( chia theo nhồi và a thoi WA GARG)
Trang 10Thời hiện tại đờn ` |The program is watched by millions of people a
Thời hiện tại
tiếp diễn The e program is being watched by millions of people n now -
The program has been watched byn millions of peopl since
hoan thanh June;
Thời quá khử don | The program was watched by millions of f people i in 1998 an Thời quá khứ _The program was being watched by millions of people a at the
| tiếp: diễn - n moment Kennedy was assassinated |
hoan thành -
Thời - quá ˆ khứ ị The } program had been watched by millions of people before | the electricity went out
Thời tương lai
gần -
HH
The program is going to be watched by millions of people,
atcording to the poll ef
|'Thời "tương lai' The producer: believes that te: prograrh will be watched by
voi will millions of people
"Với dong © ừ'| The program could/should/ must be watched by y millions
-khuyết t thiếư: Ì of people : 7 MA ok Cau bi động được Sử ding: x " để diễn đạt những hành động, sit kiện khơng r 10: shay khơng c cần thiết ¡ nêu ra chủ thể tạo ra hành động ˆ “ |
" My book will be published next ‘year x # để nhắn mạnh vào chủ thê tạo ra hành động, -
The house was designed by a famous architect
+ để diễn đạt những hành động, sự kiện theo cách lịch s sự mà người noi- ¡ hoặc
viết muốn: thê hiện sự khách quan ' ¬ ¬
` The trees are cut ‘down and the ground will be cleared
- Cấu trúc: have/ get + object + V-ed/2 được sử dụng để diễn đạt một hành động mà chủ ngữ là người quyết định nhưng khơng phải là người thực hiện hành động
Thave my ‘hair cut every Jour w weeks
Lưu ÿ: "
- Sử dung 'by' trước tác nhân gay ra ¡ hành “ơng nhưng 1 with' trước © cong cu dé thực hiện hành động đĩ tyes OS on "¬"
The whole meal has been cooked by m my mother The man was hit with a baseball bat *
- Chỉ các ngoại động từ mới biến thành thể bị động: Tuy nhiên ‹ cĩ một số ngoại động từ khơng thể biến thành the bi động, vi i du: become, have, like, suit, 22 Luyện tập Exercise 3: Choose t the best answer (A, B, C, or rD) to complete the following sentences 1, The picture was 3 drawn a special pencil " A, by - B through ` C with -D of
2 Chinese -by almost three billions of people around the world
_ Asis leaming B being learnt
| "s being learning: Dz is learnt ` 7 - 3, ce is _ _mainly i in Southeast Asia
z5 been growing Ơ ¬ D grown SỐ
my car r serviced
4 Tomorrow, lam sỉ
:C: taking
A, getting , + „B making - D bringing
5 The baby's food) ae " " gos ey
A.1s still preparing - : " B is still prepared
Cris still being prepared D 1s still being preparing |
°° "6 A large súm of monéy _ _ by last ‘week’ ‘charity concert:
A was risen B- rose oO, was raised + UD: raised
7 The thief was seen the building SỐ oe ˆ
A to enter B enter’ Xe entering _ “D6 bẹ entered | _ 8 I was told to put the tool where it was usually _ 2 _ co " | 5
— A.belongd -B.đt _€ had 2 sored
9 1 feel tired! I will « ‘ _ to, 5 sleep Shap ne! ¬ - A, lie down 5B: lay down —C be: ly down: D be claid down 10 Something vụ very strange eee dast night: ~
A was ss happened ~ Be happened 7
3, MENH DE ¬
3.1 Mệnh dé quan hệ ` " a 2
Ménh đề quan hệ được sử dụng để xác c định hoặc, cung cập p thêm thơng: tin cho _các danh từ và a dai fu khơng xác định cĩ
Trang 11| She is the woman whohwhom/that I met
whom, who, that dùng ‹ cho Dgười, _
it Tơ “l Hanoi is a ‘City which? that attracts ’ ism ) In
tourists oe Lis EEPY a ‘which, that dùng cho vật - whose dùng cho vat, người thuộc Hè is the man whose wife works with me sở hữu -
where “ding cho no nơi chốn -:-.: ' | 7Jiyis/he company where Ï work::
† Iremermmber the day when/that: ‘IT met him
when, that dung cho thoi: gian '
I have some beautiful shirts The ‘shirt which 1 bought in, Paris is my
favourite -
- Ménh dé quan hé khơng x xác định là loại mệnh đề: đùng để thêm thong tin cho danh từ hoặc đại từ trong câu.:
I have only one shirt The shirt, which I bought sc some years is‘now torn - That khơng được sử dụng trong mệnh đề khơng xác định:' _
Levis, who (OF fet)” ‘met: me at the party, is the: manager of my sister’ s :
company: » ay rary, BG a
- Đại từ quan, hệ đồng Vai: trị như tan ngữ trong mệnh, đềc quan Lhe x Xác, c định cĩ T
thể được lược bỏ
That's the car r thai I have just rented That’ S the car I have Just rented
3.2 Mệnh đề trạng ngữ
a Chỉ thời gian: when, after, as, aS Soon as, ‘béfore, by thể time, » during the
time, the moménit, how, once, since, until, whenever; ‘while 1
She started playing the guitar when:she:was only Jie i eel ten de As long as you want to:study, you will find the way to study well ies b Chi noi chén: where, wherever; everywhere,:.: S08 2388 tp, đua 11
I will follow you wherever: YOu: go a " bey c Chi kiểu cach: as if as though, as, the way, in the same way, that ¬
He behaves as if he was born toa wealthy and powerful family d Chỉ mục đích: so, sở that, in order that, in case, nee
We turned off the light in case it woke the baby ws Hi
é Chi li do: ‘bectiuse, since: as; “for _
Because I did not work hard before, I “1a iets liv ig in poverty oo aes
24
- Mệnh đề-quan hệ xác định là loại mệnh đề ding d để xác định, đặc điểm, tinh - ome oo
_.chất của danh từ hoặc dai tir trong cau.” f Chỉ sự đối: lập: évẻr though, although, while; whereas, however, no ‘matter | what/ when:
While she was worried about their son, , her husband Seemed I to stay calm 8 Chỉ két qua: so that such that ~~ ee o
‘He: lề sở tall that he can touch the ceiling
ˆ Luyện lập So băn và , |
-EXercise 4: Choose the best answer: (As) B, G or rD)t to complete 1 the following |
1 The house lk grew: ‘up - a “has been painted and redecorated.” ; A:in: — init: : Ớ, in that -: _> in which -
2: Many’ posi are 'fed up with living in | mega-cities - - ~ the ‹ cities oe
opulation i is greater thai 10 million: ° ẽ ca
A which” “Bewhose “ C.'that ˆ
3, Could you ask those outside the cinema? | HH HỆ
“` loi waited D to wait
4 On September 20; 1519; ‘Magellan set sail from » Sein with five * SPS one
c———tlseeveod South: Americas? fi) ous be ¿
¬ "`: what’ °° es where :Ð which’
35 Tom n “was in military school for four years, - explains his respect for
A who B where
6 Bill HN ¬ born i in Arkansas, was US Presidésit from 1993 to 2001 _A Was 3 B be eae to be .ÐĐ being
wd Maria Maracoba,, _ after ¢ a famous actress; was the first woman to
sing this song, vale dy
“De ‘name’ \B to name ¿.G naming -
at A named ,
8 China i is a county y the economy’ — “Which i is developing well,
"_.' -Blof - — 1m é for D with
9 7 April 2012; the e tỷ on my second ‹ SON - was bom, is one of the most meaningful days in in: hy die ¡:: ni GuIẾE Pees
“D; what
A when _ -B ‘that © Œ which
0, “The ory reason _ “that i is, the need to solve the ‘problem immediately,
A.does ””” OB: doing : C which does D: to do
Trang 12- Exercise 5: Fill in each gap wath one.snitable word from the box - so because as _,When before, | while _ whereas since ín order not to T
People often ask which is the most difficult language to learn, and If 1s not
easy to answer (l)_ -there are many factors to take into consideration First
of all, a first language can affect learning a second language A native speaker of ~ Spanish, for exemple, will find Portuguese’ ‘much ‘easier ‘to- team thân: ‘to ‘learn
Chinese (QQ Portuguese i is very similar to Spanish, @)_
very different, | US sehr gone pe "" han
Some people seem to learn a language readily, (4) others find it very
difficult If people learn a language (5) : they can get better job opportunities, they often learn it faster than people studying « a language thạt, has nou |
people |
start to learn a second language, they usually decide for themselves | Teaming Lớn direct use in their day-to-day life In order to study effectively, (6)
motivations
(7) people from different cultures leatn different languages, they will find them more difficult: (8)_ _- language: connects closely to culture; learners _ wiH have to struggle with the language if they do not undefstand the culture, In ` h
other words, @).- you know about the history, traditions and customs of a
country, you will ‘become a better learner of that country's | language And remember, (10) ˆ “misuse the language sometimes, learners need to Study about the changes i in the language
4, CÂU: DIEU KIỆN If+S + V (quá - Diễn đạt điều - 1 was richer, would'I be | — Chinese + is) Câu điều -|mipht+V.-
` trong hiện tại
ve ee khứ đơn), S + | kién khong thé | happier? —
| secon dc _ kién loai.2 - |would+ V ane Xây ra trong | the sun stopped: burning,
conditional hiện tal there would be no life on
a we earth :
Câu điều If+S+V (quá | - Diễn đạt điều |
kién loại 3- | khứ hồn ma ae ‘[ kiện “ene thé yf f "had studied harder h would: not haye’ ¢ Jailed ‘the
third | S$ +-would’+ - _J xảy trong exam eas
| conditional have+P2 - [quá khứ Sa TS
- IF+§ + V (quá | - Diễn đạt điều | ˆ
khứ hồn | kiện trong |°, : a
thành), § + |tưởng tượng nh you had taken my advice
- | taree years ago, you would would/could/ nhựng ˆ cổ' thể: be successful now |-đem lại kết quả | | f° mixed a conditional , ‘| might + have + If+S + V (quá: | khir don), S + | would/ could/ Diễn đạt kết | quả khơng như ý vì khơng thực - hiện - những “điều kiện cĩ thể: trong | điều: kiện: bình ¬ thường, °
Xây Tả ify you paid more 2 attention fo; —
the lectures now and then, you “would have ‘answered
| a the questions yesterday, _ Luyện tập” - EXereise 6: ‘Identify 0 one ‘underlined expression (A, B, Cc, ‘or D) that must 26 -
Loại câu | Cơng thức cố _§ử dụng Vi du"
des | Tf+ S+ Vv (hiện | -: Diễn dat các If you drive a big’ car, you "âu điều kig tại đơn), S + V | điều kiện lun | have to pay a lot for petrol ra nh | (hiện tại đơn) | đúng hoặc điêu If I eat too: tich, ˆT ho
conditional” ~ mệnh lệnh câu | omachache -
nh lên
"na ‘| If you come to: » Orlando
fe ee | _ | come and stay with me
sudigukien | Et S* V (hién | - Diễn đạt điều | 'ÿ 1umeet: bi ‘Twill tell him:
‘oa -đ vn tại đơn), S + V:| kiện cĩ thể xây | about youu OF | tương, lại với ra trong hiện tại ÿ she comes, she will bring '-conditional:: - [wil -†: | hoặc tương lái her son along oe " | pe be e changed i in order to correct the sentence 1 If'we don't inaintain a 1 Sttict law system, ‘the: crime rates would soon increase AB ease Co Diy " 2 My mother will happy if! will get a job nd ati some money So - A Be Gp 3: If you get caught speeding, you had to pay fine: AW Be Gy Doo ee
4 If we had travelled earlier, we wouldn't have ge get stuck i in traffic -
~ 5, What woiild'you do'if you will have 10 million dong? :
C se:
Trang 13AB Cs De _ 7 Ifshe has a university degree, she would have got the job: A B CD
8 You can start eating your dessert if you had finished your main course A OB RE Giàn pee Pag | yesterday —> the | — They said they were e leaving the’
- Thay đổi với các previous day/ the day | next day
yg ta be ety dt ea 'từ chỉ thời giàn, | before: TT
sẽ 9 if only you tell me, I could have given you some advice ¬ ơn — |đađiểm tomorrow = he
10: Jenifer wishes she had a-bigger.car and-can travel to more places fo the day after hở {> Jim asked m me what I was doing foe
mH | - 6: Unless we leave earl » We W n't miss the train - TT
i OE EPS INE KẾ carly, We Wont Duss TT oe sa | here —› there
| today — that day Sử We are Teaving tomorrow '
What are you doing here?!
AL | : iB sree Wade id C; , hờ, me fo D : ; tuy tố vel ¬" three days, ago TT there
three days | earlier/_ before -
-8.CẦU GIÁN TIẾP: CÂU TRỰC TIẾP gu gĐn cee
Khi diễn đạt lại điều ai đĩ đã nĩi; cĩ thể dùng câu trực tiếp va cau: gián tiếp pp hU*ƑKhi biến đổi câu đội poe it | My friend said 'We are meeting in my house.’ - ee ¬ | thành câu gián tiếp, | | | —> My friend said we were: meeting: in his house ° - | mục ` đích” của ' câu: | didn’ 1 you c come ne yesterday?! khơng cịn dé “hỏi, Vì |
- - Cau gián tiếp thường được SỬ dụng khi tường thuật s Sự: việc trên các c phương vậy, khơng cần phải | — My leac her as ke d w hy I ha dn not
sử dụng trợ động tử | come the ity before
|
| oe "Yesterday, | ự ime minister ‘said the’ governiient would try their best t to of _ Thay a đổi cau ` và đếu chấm hỏi
"4 “evacuate as ‘many people as possible co ee bội tric trong cau hoi Đối với câu pg a h >
: - Câu gián tiếp được dùng khi người nĩi muốn tường thuật lại những gì họ đã Lệ Yes/No, động từ to be re you j oining F e event’
nghe duge rong một cuộc nĩi chuyện hoặc: diễn văn LỆ hoặc: trợ động; từ ở
| The lecturer said climate change would be the main problem i in the.21 “century „ Sĩc đầu câu, sẽ được thay | sử ; Khi chuyên từ cậu trực tiếp sang, cau gián tiệp,c cần thực hiện những sự thay | on ‘thé bang | Tf hoặc
IE đổi sau: " wee : : Whether — TƯ | i | —» She asked if Iv was s joining the event ‘ |
| tiên tai s quá khứ " Tý am, n/alking lo Jane,’ — ‘She said ị ° Các động từ tường thuật
— vá khứ hiện tại | she was talting to Jane | - — Trong câu gián tiếp, cĩ thể sử dụng các động †ử tường thuật: để diễn đạt lại ý
Ị - Thay doi ve thoi 4d -hoan thành +> quá :-.| — | he has fi nished all her work! — | ce cha ngudi ndéi Khi do, khơng cí cần: n phải Sử dung lại: chính xác c những từ người nĩi khứ h ồn thành | ‘The boss Said she had fi nished all _ da str dụng trong câu trực tiếp,-
hĩt work — "` , : The doctor said: Jane, you ‘should sleep n more.'
hog can/could — could: | + will fi nd the cheapest way to poe Một số động từ tường thuật phố biến: advise; “ask agree, admit, invite, tell, I - Thay doi VỚI | may-—+ might - -| solve:the ptoBlem:ti Lo fos persuade, order, offer, forbid, remind, suggest, warn, deny ¬
| động từ khuyết eg ; Nha st
| thiéu JOK, Till §o with you, >, She agreed to go ‘with me cĩ
- Why don't we Sit down and talk it over?" => _He suggested sitting down
lÍ | bo ¬ will —» would) The doctor advised Jane.to-sleep more
|
“must —»' had to pes He said he woilld find the’
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- Luyện tập ho a
Exercise 7: Underline the better option in each sentence
1 When | -got.to the party, they told me that my girlfriend already lợi | had already lợi
_2 She told me she didn't know! hadn' t known what had happened - 3 Ann said she wouldn't let/ won't let anyone come into the house si 4 He told me bringl to bring the laptop to.his house the next day -
“5 Everybody’ said that-if I was late, ‘the teacher wouldn' t allow/ wouldn' t have : - , allowed me to come in on
6 Jenny told me she is/ was going to Paris the next day
7 They told me they will be writing! would be writing to me later that week 8 The scientists announced that the Moon isl, was more than 300,000 km from the Earth
9, Emma told me that her father hasn " had! hadn’ t had his operation yet 10: They wanted to know what they shall/ should do :
7 Exercise 8: Choose the best answer Ay | B, c or D) to complete the
following sentences "¬— a
11 can't blame you inthe project
_A to not join” s PEE 8 for not joining
Con not joining | " D not to joining
2 To be honest, I doubt_ A whether I am able to
C it be able to
3.1 recommend _
_ finish the work on time
BI béing able to
D being able _ _your have- -to- do list down on paper, | “Bi: writing C to write D, write
to hand in the assignment lates er : B forhim a peimission si oA to: writing » 4 The teacher refused A permission to him ~ C him permission | “-Depermission him -B, to not comẻ ` | _ Winhing thẻ cooking competition "Cron “D of -he has made a mistake Se We expect hime)
A not coming °C not to come Dp: ‘not comme
6 I just congratulate her | A to ~B for 7 Itis no use trying to persuade him 30 eo > 'B about -— -
A that: - - Cot D whether
8 Max offered _ us to the airport -
| As taking» _B.totke” -C.tike ` — D.havetaken
9 Brad denied the company's money ` _
A to steal: B steal =# SŒ,OF stealing -:.D: stealing 10 The student tried to convince his classmate _ TEht :
JA that he was - B of being UC ‘to: be: - Debeing -.-
7 6 SO SÁNH: TÍNH TỪ VÀ TRẠNG TỪ 6 1, So sank bằng
‘She is is as $s smart as me, - sua nụ pial § .,| This car runs as quickly as that ear does
bac `" ` Ặ : not sofas: interesting ‹ as:
: " Veni a aid 82 that book, ae
“She speaks t the same language ‘as smy _| teacher does : "- is SI H+ Vas say + as +82 a S1+ V+the same + “noun + as + S2
6 2 So sánh hon va so o sánh nhất với tinh tir và trạng tủ từ ngắn (con một â tâm p |
| “Si + V+ adj/advter + than + $2 oe
‘S1+V + the + adj/advtest — oe
- - Để so sánh hơn hoặc nhất với tính từ và trạng từ : ngắn, thêm - “er va est
Ss tall’ taller - tallest
i hard = harder hardest bey ope: ¬ -
ue - Với các trạng từ hoặc L tính từ ngắn c cĩ kết thúc bằng e €, -thêm ‹ -F “và `
‘nice ’- - nicer - ‘nicest es oe
—+ Với các, ‘trang’ tir hoặc tính từ ngắn n được cầu tạo bởi một 'phụ â âm - - một
nguyên âm - một phụ âm, gấp đổi phụ â âm cuối trước khỉ thêm -er hoặc est big - bigger - biggest — |
Doe Voir một số tính từ cĩ hai âm ¡ tiết kết thúc: bằng lộ "biến yl thành iva thêm - -er
= va -est eS ¬ ¬
a pretty » “prettier - prettiest ” :
6.3 So sánh hơn và so sánh nhất với tính từ và a trang tir dai từ hai â âm tiết
rở lên) as ¬.ẽ.T Fone ope pan Pe
7 sĩ +, LV + more + adj/adv 1 + than + + 82 S§1+ Vv + the most + adj/ady |
31
Trang 15trước `
She visited her mother more frequently safer the death of h her or father This is the most boring story 1 have ever.read
6.4 Một số tinh từ và trạng từ bất quy tắc: - khá tH 2 good/well - better - best ` bad/badly - worse - worst
Sar - further/farther furthest 7 little - less - least ¬
ee much/many - ‘more ~ most as
"Luyện tập ˆ oS
following passage aes
Recently, a report say§ a
percent and.the (3) „ drop has been i in Latin America
cutting trees (4) ` than they can be restored and we, are emitting in the ảtmosphere (5) _ CO¿ than the natural systems ¢ can n actually absorb This is clearly not sustainable
Scientists Say whole ’ Species Tray disappear if the wold does not ‘teduce the effects of humans on the climate However, this is (6)”: ‘complicated than - anyone on Earth can usually think Reducing the demands of all human beings is not at alL(7) 0 _ reducing the amount,of money: a:person spends buying, things every day It depends on the economy, culture and even political system | of every country in the world Its (8) _ to change the whole bulky system @ —
a country wants to become, 0) _ natural resources it may exploit.”
1 A the more : oes -B.mostˆ oe
C more and more important _ D.more cĩ oo ¬
2ị A ‘less good B worse _ : C not as as good ‘D as 18 good 3 A biggest ~ — B.bigger xe most big -.D,more big
«+ 4A.more quick» B.more quickly C.quickly «, Dyquicker
5 A most - | B more and more C more 7 _D, the more #25)
6 A by far 7 ‘'B easily - _ C.alot more -D, most rẽ
7.A.thesàmeas B like _` C/same ” oD as‘if
- Để So sánh hơn hoặc nhất với tính từ và trang từ dài, thêm more :và mosi vào
Exercise 9: Choose the best answer A; B, C, or D) ‘to comple the &
_ than half of the world’s wildlife population ị ° has been-lost It:warns:the condition of the world)s animals is (2) _ than its _- earlier reports showed The report: also says freshwater species have fallen by 76 |
People are consumingon average every year ‘about the équivalent of about Lộ
one-and:a: half times, the-.resources, available ‘to the: planet That: means we are |
8 A just as easy co B not'so easy
C easier and easier - | oD easily 9 A The more rich B The rich |
C The richest _ ——_ D.Thericher
10 A the more B more
7 GIỚI TỪ
7⁄1 Giới từ chỉ thời gian: - thối tr nu
- at Thời điểm trong một: ngày, kì nghỉ
at five, at Christmas, at the weekend - „ -1/ during/ for: khoảng thời gian _
_ € more and more -D the most
in the morning, in/ during May, in/ / during, I ” century, for ten days, jor a week - on: ngay
on Friday, on 1 Sunday afiernoon, on ] 7" October vs - by/ before/ until/-affer/ since
-_ 0'clock
7.2 Giới từ chỉ địa điểm và sự r chuyển động: - in: trong mot dia diém - ị 1
in the living room, in the bookshop |
- on: trên: bè mặt |
‘on the floor: on the wall
- at: gần hay ở một địa điểm: nào đĩ: at the station, at the door, at the dentist's $ - Into: "hướng vào trong
“He 'ran into my room
.- hướng lên trên bề mặt -
` The dog jumped onto the table
- out.of/ off: Ta ngồi, hướng Ta ngồi Jump out of the window! | "
I knocked the glass off the table
Loe - abovelover: phia trên >< below/under: phía dưới ¬ ˆ There is a ‘lamp over/above the shelf,
The cat is Ding under the table
- by/ before this time tomorrow, until Monday, fier midnight, since six
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- through: xuyén qua - + He walked through the dunt - along: doc
We walked along the river: - beside, by, next to, near: gan, canh
I live ina small town near Hanoi
+ between: giữa hai, among: giữa một nhĩm _ ¬ -T he cafe is between the cinema and the bookstore " tin g
She is standing among ‘the crowd * " - opposite: đối diện 7
My shop is opposite a beautiful park
= in front of: truéc'><‘behind: sau ˆ -
A tall man was in front ofr me so 1 could r not see ¢ anything oe to/ towards: về phía ` " s
She is coming to me
‘T 3 'Giới từ đi cùng với động từ, đánh từ, tính từ: ' - = Một số động từ: boặc tính từ đi kèm VỚI giới tr
| She is good at telling bedtime stories I apologize , for not behaving properly — I am very keen on sports
- Một số động từ đi kèm với các giới từ khác nhau e cĩ thể mang ý nghi khác nhau - How much did you pay ƒor the meal?
I will pay the cheque into your account Luyện tap
Exercise 10: Choose the best answer (A, B, CG or -D) to “complet the |
following sentences
1, Children nowadays don't want tobe - and watch TV or play computer games
A.on B.off ~ PS gi = 2 Do you always go school —_ _ bicycle? ¬
| A out/on B to/by Cc “down/with ‘D forfby a
3 My office is to a newsagents: so I buy magazines almost every day
A near B beside ` Œ.by | VD: ext 34— ø _ door ‘They just like to stay in| 3B HD T ANH Í 4 In the end, they fell —_ — love and lived happily ever after
„.e° Ác:OUE Of B in in ~C for: - Dewith
_ 5 I've got an appointment : _the optician's = 0 es
Ain B on Crate: D off |
6 When I saw him, I was _. _ a group of friends a the corner of a club
-" A,betweenđin - B amongiin - - _.ÉŒ, around/¿on .D withinto : 7 During the show, a crazy f fan n jumped _ the stage and kissed the singer
AS onto © Bins Cc off oD out of ~
8 There has been ¿ an increase 2% the price of commodities”
UA with/ in - ~~ Béfor/on —€ aboutto ˆ ˆD by/in doubt, whales are the bi Bgcst mamimals on Earth cm, A, Without -B For “C Out of ~D With | os 10, The irfighers hav been - strike for more than three days > >
A in -B:on: „€ at cơn DĐ unđer 7
8 DAO NGỮ
- :+ Đảo Tgữ là hiện tượng trợ động từ: được đặt trước chủ ngữ ° ke
Thave.never visited that place: mm
ey ‘Never have [visited that place mee
_- Đảo ngữ được sử dụng dé nhắn mạnh, dùng trịng ‹ các van ban mang tinh | rang trọng hoặc mang lại tác dụng cường điệu hố “"
Rarely can the government face such a complicated problem ae
- Ở hiện tượng đảo ngữ, cầnchúý: '' cối V
+ Dùng đảo ngữ khi các từ sau đứng ở: đầu -câủ: ‘no, ‘not, never, , rarely,
eldom, little, hardly, no sooner, only, so, sụch Rah eye :
| + Chỉ đảo ngữ: trong mệnh dé chinh của câu, và sử i dung tro „động từ giống hư trong câu hỏi:
Not only did she pass the exam, but later she received an n award from the chool ,
So: beautiful was she that all the men in the room looked at her - - Câu điều kiện cĩ thể được dùng đảo ngữ và khơng : sử: dụng if
„ “Tf ‘you hear anything about her, let me know |
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Luyện tập CR 2.'Do you get your siblings?" 'No, we usually have rows
Exercise’ 11: Complete the following, Sentences with a suitable phrase A out with B up with) - Gon wih D -away with | containing the verbs in brackets in an appropriate form ¬
1 Should:_- — (need) anything, could you please inform the reception? nt 2, Never before (spend): so: much money on my clothes |
3 Had - -:(take) the: necessary measures, the problem: would have been
3 My father is very talented and kind-hearted I always - him ~: A look for ‘B look like C look.after - D look uplo :
¡- 4; When will you come? Eam:looking.forward to:: - | ae
solved propery ee as oe | ¬ A your visit B visit you C visiting you Deyo a visi fi HH dở
© yesterday 4 Seldom :, _(erom) x worse ike in the i > game - with “Manchester, City er | want to thank ae for ` - sọc ` - a wed a "` ee ep ee 8 OES A, helping i in o :B, helping off’ - C helping out D: helping at
cản Only after rchecking all my luggage (be) st sure e about n my, y suspicion — 6.He dropped m me — _ near my office and I walked there |
6.Notonly _- (work) in a bank, but she also teaches in the local school - x A.m se “Beout EG of 77 a Dp off
7, Only when I started working with him, _ (realize) that he was very nice, ¡ - 7.Please ` The baby i is sleeping /
8 Only-in a city:as large as this ›- 7 (find) to many foreign restaurants — sh A turn the music down © Si ˆB tin the music apart cn
_ 9, Should-any.problem (Occur), call me immediately oF “eh C tửn the musicon ` -—D, turn the mủsic aWAY `
10 Only because Jane's mother stopped by (stay) at home ¬ ị8, She usually b has great ideas but she doesn't Know h how to’ 0 express them As’ a
fesult, } nobody can
9, CỤM ĐỘNG TỪ (Phrasal Verbs) ` ps | “Ac get them’ down => oe -B: get thenh off °
- Cụm động từ gồm 2 phần ĐỘNG TỪ (call, look, yy và: TRẠNG TỪ hoặc: " oD: get thêm: across’ " GIỚI TU (off, out, ) Nghia của cụm động! từ Thường khác với nghĩa của độngtừ Ta |
va trạng, từ khi đứng riêng lẻ ¬ | Tơn 39 [dontwantto- whenall my friends win prizes
- Một sé cum dong từ cĩ tân ngữ: call off, find out; hand ï in, look up, make up, ` ệ A miss out * B miss up =) Cy miss off | 6 De miss for : ở turn on/off, pick.up, get Sa She ee py " 10 My family:can no longer:: the noise your cats make : : nh a
+ Nếu tân ngữ a danh từ, nĩ sẽ ẽ đứng sau 1 trang | từ, giới từ : A, put up to 5Ð putupwnh C, put off ss oeD, putin
_ I am fi lling in a form a ee TT |
Po : Câu giả định được sử dụng khi người nĩi muốn người 'khác làm, gi đĩ nhưng
+ Nu tai ngữ là đại từ, nĩ sẽ đứng giữa động từ và trạng từ | giới | từ: Cạn I take it off? ¬ 1 | khơng cĩ ý đưa fa mệnh lệnh Nĩ cĩ nhiều tính chất cẩu khiến hờn lä thệnh lệnh
ong cau giả định, động từ ở mệnh: đề bắt đầu bang ‘tl "that: luơn ở: đang! nguyên thể |
ˆ ~ Một số cụm động từ khơng cĩ cĩ tân ngữ: look out, ‘check ir in, carry on, 1, hang on, | ONE CO he : ea sản
shut up, t take © off | , " ¬ : fy Mot số độn: từ thay 4 được sử dụng trong cau giả định; Advise, demand, insist, Exercise 12: Ti the best : answer (A, B, G or Đ) to | complete the | suggest that you v work han der SỐ
following sentences : cĩ 4 - - He insisted that all the participants be on time,
1 This house _ — _a 1 non-profit organization aos s " " ` -Một số cấu trúc giả định: ae
A belongs in Bb elongs to ° C belongs for | D belongs at It is vital/ essential/ important/ recommended that
3Z
Trang 18
At is a good/bad idea that
It is important that you be there on time
It is a good idea that she attend the meeting -
Luyện tập - hà
Exercise 13: Choose the best answer (A, B, C, or D) to complete the
following sentences 1 Iwishl:
SA, ‘won't have -
C didn't have THẾ ung
2 She wishes her c children, |
_to meet the principal after class -
"2 don't haves
Dd am not going to
_art classes when they were young
A had B had had - €, willhave D would have 3 Look at Tommy! He looks as ifthe _ spans tones
A would have had yeh Ti B will have , C, should have | ¬ -.Ð.ishaving
| 4, When I saw her yesterday, she looked like she _ a ghost
"Á, ‘has seen :B would see - C had, seen : -Ð, was seeing
5, The doctor suggested that John - checked carefully - | A being | | Btobes °C be — D.been -
6 It is high time we — _ the issue thoroughly -:
A will discuss 22) B are:going to discuss .€, discuss - D discussed 7 Suppose someone -_ A, tells/win _ — nh old/hadwon - | cHÍ 1S simportant that: parents _ A take: B took _-9, Tis tecưmmended thathe _
you that you a million dollar EPS ;
_B.told/won `
-Ð would: tell/ would v win
week ~ good: care-of their children - oa o
C would take D had taken’?
_ the document with him to’ the meeting "` ‘brought | A brings 10 I'd rather you | A didn't smoke C\ was not smoking
B bring C will bring | |
—— in n the meeting room Sun
| -B.hadnt smoke BM ah _D not smoke es
She |
11 MOT SỐ CÁU TRÚC T HUONG GAP - not only but also
He drives the car not nt only fast but also: carelessly
- 100 to
She is too young to watch that movie —
The problem is too complicated to be solved a “enough + danh từ + to do st
_ He has enough money to buy the whole shop nộ ue | - - tính tir + enough + to dost ii
Mai is old enough to drive the car her father gave her - so + tinh tw + that
The day was so beautiful that nobody wanted to be in,
' sụch + danh tir +: that
It was sucha beautiful aay that nobody wanted to be in,
— It was not until „ thất
`” was not until his father thr eatened to punish him that the boy told the truth, - It is + tinh từ + for somebody to do something
lris easy for them to fine nd out jobs in big cities Luyện tập
Exercise 14: : Rewrite the foliowing sentences using the words in capitals, 1 She has too little money to buy that car: (ENOUGH) |
2 The scene was so shocking that nobody moved for ages (SUCH) nhà
Trang 196 This is such a wonderful holiday that we don't want to come home (SO) : , 6.N+ -hood: childhood, fatherhood a
This mm sa ¬ Chú ý một số trường hợp đặc biệt: Máy tà Tổ
7 The painting is so expensive that can rebuy it (TOO) _ Oo oe »anxious “anxiety, strong’ strength, delighted delight, wise wisdom, :
The painting , | 2 hy bored boredom, proud pride, hhungry’ hunger, thirsty | thirst
8 She did not break this glass by chance (PURPOSE) si : s Luyệ ện tập” ˆ ¬ yet es
She | số Exercise 1: Fill the Baps | in | these sentences, using the correct form of the 9 My son can touch \ the shelf’ because he i 1S tall -ENOUGH) root words given
“My son oe : a 1.1n general, mẹnh have n more 2 da ;::++++ than women -
10 It i is a thirty- minute trip from r my house | to school, (TAKE) | 4 : Vietnam Airlines apologised for the (cancel).; =o) Sih -
It | ¬— tây Hà cĩ vo co : Bangkok ¬
II TỪ VỰNG - 3, The most honorable action , she could, think of} was to › forgive her friend’s
cố thou ht) hte Để làm tốt các bài từ vựng trong bài thị, các em cần nắm chắc các từ loại ( a
(parts of speech), dang tir (word forms), cách cau tạo tử (word formation), va cé một vốn từ đủ lớn Ngồi ra các em cịn phải năm chắc các cấu trúc của các từ loại, khác nhau, và cách sử dụng từ đúng trong từng ngữ cảnh Sau đây chúng tơi xin | giới thiệu một số cách cấu tạo từ dùng, tiền tố (prefixes) và hậu tổ (suffixes) phổ : _ biến, và một số dạng bài tập về từ ừ vựng thường c cĩ trong, các = bai thi 1 DANH TU Danh từ cĩ thể được cấu tạo bằng cách dùng hậu tố thêm vào động t từ, tính từ hoặc các danh từ khác ¬ -A Lập danh từ từ động từ:
4 There: Js now no, a (possible) ih hes that sh she will make a full: recavary ».3« He shouted so.loudly that ‘the whole’ (neighbour) `" ,:eould hear him
6: Whois: Site to apply for (member) dh of the: association? oa
°°AI(apply}::.::: -ầust bẻ sẽntin ‘before’ 15": September: ¬"- vã a
8 Visitưis tưmgtliied about’ thé bad (organize) esha 1n the old’ museum
9 They received (approve) for the prop‹ al from the shareholders
10 According to today's paper, “thé m mayor has : appoi: ied a committee to study
what (improve) ¬— - need to be made i in the city sees thở ng TA ấn te ONY Raa ge
fof 4 : 3
aan
sf me ti
I, V +-ation: pronunciation, qualification
: 2 SO NHIÊU CỦA DANH TỪ : "
- Số nhiều của danh từ tiếng Anh: thường được: cầu tạo bằng cách thêm —s ào danh từ gốc Tuy nhiên cĩ rất nhiều ngoại: lệ: Sau đây là một số trường hợp
igoai lệ phổ biến beaten Sa
2.V+-ion: prediction, depression
3 V +-ment: replacement, arrangement | -
4.V +-al: arrival, refusal | Tu
5 Ÿ †-ance:.performance, appearance 1 Thêm -€S: Danh tir tan cùng 1a ss; sh, ch, hoặc ạ Xt OSs B Lập danh từ từ tính từ và các danh từ khác:
+ Adj + ness: kindness, friendliness dish + dishes, witch > witches :
: 2 Thém -ies: V6i danh tir tan cùng la -y bỏ: “y và thêm -iés::
2 ‘Adj + -ce: violence, permanence c3, Adj + -ity: ability, possibility
4 Adj + -yl honesty, frequency 7
| ` N+ “ship: friendship, relationship
- cherry > cherries, lady — ladies
3: Danh’ tir cĩ tin cùng B mạn thì tiêm Wests on |
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4 Những danh từ kết thức bằng -f/ -fe thì đổi thành -ves:_
- wife >wives -calf—calves thief -—> thieves _- life —> lives - shelf —» shelves - sheaf -> sheaves »wolf.-> wolves .- leaf-—> leaves - half > halves _ - self —> selves -.loaf-> loaves _ - knife -> knives - - Hai trường hợp: đwarƒ —> dwarfs/ dwarves, hoof -> hoofs/ hooves
_- Danh ti khac + s: cliffs, safes, kerchiefs, roofs
3 Một số danh từ cĩ dang : số ít và số nhiều giống nhau: cac
: Da số là: tên của các con vật: deer, moose, fish, squid ,
_6, Mật số danh từ số nhiều đơi khi được hình thành h bing cách thay, đổi
nguyên âm của danh từ số ít:
ox —» oxen, foot — feet, mouse —> mice
71 Một số danh từ vừa là số ít, vừa là số nhiều: ˆ
series, species, means, crossroads, headquarters, barracks
_8, Danh từ số nhiều bất quy tắc cĩ: nguồn gốc từ tiếng Latin va Hi Lap: * Két thc bang -is đơi thành -es (phát âm [z]): axiš => 'axes, oasis — oases * Kết thúc bằng -on déi thanh -a: phenomenon > phenomena, criterion ~> criteria
* Kết thúc bang - -um đổi thành -a, hoặc chỉ thém <s: ‘datum — data, medium > media - * Kết thúc bằng “US đổi thành -: radius —=>radii, alumnus => alumni
_(Chú ý: virus -> viruses) _ coy 9 Số nhiều của danh từ kép: thêm os các tir đầu "
runner-up > runners- “Up o TỦ
Danh từ ghép với man và 'woman thì chuyển s số ố nhiều của hai thành phần:
manservant —> menservants : T9» 7
woman scientist —-> women scientists eo abe Pisa le oe
- 10 SO mhiéu tén cde dan tOer 8 8 ee
Cĩ vài quy tắc khác nhau:
* English: English (people)/ the English `
* Chinese: Chinese (people)/ the Chinese ms : * Italian: Italians/ Italian people
Luyện tập tà Ree x
Exercise 2 Use the correct plural : form of, then nouns sin the list to ‘complete the sentences Use each word only once “medium: | hypothesis species datum “aircraft: ` Phino “bacierium memorandum stimulus - phériomienon' thesis’ _ 1 Scientists and engineers are building large that can carry up to L, 000 passengers us a 2 are endangered : "
3 Graduate students are often required to write long papers in which they state an opinion and give evidence to Support it These papers are often referred to
which are protected by law
n4 T hunder and lightning are of nature
: 5 Before: the students began ‘their chemistry experiments, ‘they stated theories ¬ ¡ to explain what was going to happen i in n their “experiments in other words; they -
| nade SEE ¬
- 6 The manager, Ms Hall, is well known for the large number of
| ‘she sends to her staff She believes it.is necessary to write many notes to remind
- the staff of things that need to be taken care of |
"7, People get most of their news about the world through the mass (that i is, through’ radio; television, newspapers, and magazines)
- 8, Certain factors cause Plants to ) Brow These TỐ
and fertile soil “ vos oe |
„9, Very: small: living things that can cause disease are called germs Germs are I forms of N ¬
,.19 In a desert, there are ¢ places where | water is available and a few plants grow ‘These areas are called _ _ _ _ are li ght, water, 3 TÍNH TỪ:
Tính từ tiếng Anh cĩ thê được cầu tạo bang cách thêm hấu tố vào danh từ hoặc động từ Sau đây là một số trường hợp cầu tạo tính từ phổ biến dùng các hậu tố
1L N+ -al:
2 V + -able: acceptable, reliable, 3 N + -ous: courageous, dangerous,
4 N + -like: warlike, manlike,
3.N+y: “hairy, woolly,
6.N + -ical: biological, geographical, 7, N + -ful: careful, fearful,
8& WV + -ive creative, talkative,
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-}L N+ -en:: wooden, woolen, ¬ eee
‘12 N + -less (negative): painless, thoughtless, HH ke
Chú ý: nhiều từ sau kết thúc bằng -ible, chứ khơng phải -able: (ineredible, ị (in)edible, (n)visible, (m)possible, {itesponstble, (in)Hlexible, ehgible, | horrible,
terrible,
_ Luyện tập
" Exercise 3 Fill the gaps in these sentences, using the correct form of the | : 2 |
7 root: words given os Sài
1 ‘Tenjoyed the book \ very ý rnụch because itwasso ` _ (read) a
2 His — : knowledge.t is very poor he thinks Paris is.in aly (geography) =3 His hair i ÌS_ ˆ - mỏt bright red (red) SỐ “
3 A very old car is usually a(n) — car (rely)
5 The engineer gave: the house a thorough, _ or check-up before my father bought it (comprehend) _
6 The desk was quite —* atid ‘imposible to to carry (mass - bulk ¬ 7: Our girls’ volleyball squads WAS over: a- taller team (victory) ©
8 We were ae of the conflict between the two parties (observe)
9 The President made | people aware of the need to be more —— (economy) _ 10 The shop had a sale ononlya — _ | selection of its winter clothes s (part)
4A TIEN 10 TRÁI NGHĨA _ ate
Sau đây là những tiền tố tạo từ trái nghĩa phổ biến; Âm ưng
I, a-: atypical, asexual
2: un-: unkind, untidy 3 in-: indirect, inevitable 4 im-: immature, impossible 5 ile: illegal, illiterate
6 ir-: irregular, irreligious
7 dis-: disagree, dissatisfied
8 mis- (= wrongly): misbehave, misunderstand a 9, non-: non-standard, non-fiction — _ Luyện tập
Exercise 4 Fill the gaps’ to-finish the following sentences, using : a | negative prefix with the:correct form of the word) 'given,
-1:Ưon't depend on him: he’s a very ” “ person (RELY) ˆ
pee 2) 'Dontbe so ; we’ve only been waiting a few minutes: ` PATIENT)
_ Í”3iÏsthismetala — ?(CONDUCT) - _ | bĩi
4 Please, don’ t be SO" 1 can *{ do all the work by myself (REASON) | ặ ; 5 There are always mistakes because the firm i is so _ = : ŒFFICIENT) _
6 Sorry about the mistake I, — : z _ _ _the inscions y you gave me hi
(UNDERSTAND) | ¬
7, They’ ve sả, my name on this form - the first letter i is L, not R (SPELL) 8, This jeweller’s | s Jjob.i is fo remove _ _from silver (PURE)
9 When I was a.child, I was sometimes pee towards my father (OBEY)
10, The level of dangerous chemicals present in the tiyer is now so low as
lobe (SIGNIFICANT) ©
11, The food was so badly cooked; itis _ (EDIBLE) | 12 Out of curiosity, people stare at anything _ (USUAL),
5 MOT SO TIEN T Ĩ KHÁC ©
Những số: tiền: tố sau cĩ thể thêm vào trước các từ ' gốc và tạo rên: -các từ mới ang nghĩa khác với các tỪ gốc: z, "" Mag Pha
dy co- (together with): co-chairman, co-workers mo 3, midé 0n the middle of): midnight; midweek: 3 over- (more: than’ usual): overpaid, overdone
4 under~ (below/ not: enough): undercharged, underpaid 5 re- (again): rebuild, reappear ˆ oe
6 self- (by itself): self-help, self-contained’ | 7, sub- (below/ less than): subway, subnormal / 8 un- (with verbs meaning the opposite): untie, undo
9 super- (more/ better than): superstar, superhuman |
- 10 ouf- (with verbs meaning better than): outgrow, outrun 1 qnfi- (opposed to/ against): antisocial, antigen
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Luyện tập -
Exercise 5 Fill the gaps in these sentences, using a a prefix with the correct : form of the root word on the right The first is done as an example
1 I was late because I underestimated how much time I need (ESTIMATE) 2 He wrote the book alone, so he doesn't havea ss (AUTHOR) —
3 Even if you're good at a game, you shouldn't be (CONFIDENT) -
4 It is very rude to interrupt someone in _ (SENTENCE) | : “5 Many buildings were” ¬ _after the sarthquake in 1980 (BUILD) 6 Most people who work feel that they: are (PAY) |
7 She's having a rest because she has been _ (WORK)
_ the door when I got home (LOCK) - (ZERO - WINTER) (EAT - WEIGHT) — (SIDE) - Exercise 6 Choose the correct option A, B, Cc, or 'D to complete each of the sentences
8 I'd lost my key so I couldn't _
9 We have _ temperatures every night i in
10 People who _ a often become _
-11 You can go this way until the flood _
A, „The course offers a range of _ possibilities for developing your skills A exciting ` B.excite © Cvexcitéd” “D: excitement
2 Please remember tobuya ——sof soap |
A, piece " ~ ¬— _ D packet
3 CouldIjusthave one of bread, please? i 7 a
A.piece _ Biloaf- -C bag » « Dy portion 4 The which are hung in the shop are terribly unfashionable
A clothing _B items of clothing
_C cloths » D, weararticles
5 The Chinese strong and long-lasting traditions
A has many B.have much C have many _ D has much, 6 moved to that city recently
A.A number of Vietnamese have &B A number of Vietnamese has_ C, The number of Vietnamese has
1 What ed
A is the criteria” ẻ
Ð, The number of Vietnamese have “BR ‘are e the criteria
C.are the criterion: “D are the criterions 46
$8 A(n) ss is an extremely famous performer, especially a musician or
“film actor/ actress 7
» A artist: Bestar C superstar D superhuman ; 9, Salmon _the first part of their life in-a river ¬
- A spend : B spends _ Cc is spending “D “ng "
10, Mum, where i 1S s the, of strawberry jam? | | |
Â, can BE bottle C, tube _D jar ae
“Exercise 7 7 Choose the correct option A, B, e or rD to complete each of _
‘sentences Si oe a
cL We searched the _ | neighbourhood’ for the missing boy | _ Av surround -B surrounding C surrounded D surroundings
» 2 Look at him, cating away a _— ưfchocolate 4 TH
"` piece oe -B bar ˆ C.loaf - D stick 3 If she getsa _— of anger, don't panic, that's her usual self ` —
A, fit | 8B breath - J petiod D look | 4 He made the soup by mixing _ oe ‘meat with s some rice: - #
A little” 'B few .C alittle D a few
5 He wanted some meat, so he went to the ơ
A, butcher Đ „8 baker’ LÍ —Œ, grocer’ S D chemist's
6.Ĩ want to_ a a table at the Bamboo Restaurant | | s
A maintain B, manage C reserve Si D allow 7 The _ _.—_ “age of the girls i in this club is sixteen Sa - |
A, ‘general B averapc -C equal D usual |
8 My younger sister is very _ and, so she loves going out, but I am ch quieter and prefer to stay at home,
Mà» funny |
A enjoyable B lively ¢ pleasing
9 I have made a mistake Could you get me a clean — of paper?
A slice ee, B piece | C flash Dp sheet,
10 I really c: can to the twins apart They look sO alike Sĩc
Asay Btalk C.tike, D tell
Trang 23eo yesterday They” said they would: soon start ©: AO NIERTIBE)
Exercise 8 Write the correct: form of the words ‘in brackets í tơ: complete —
the passage
Following the: unexpected: ‘closure last year of.a saumber of factories in and : around Bradstone, leading to a sharp:rise.in, docal (.,EMPLOY)._ 1115 |
very good to hear that the (2 CONSTRUCT) _
centre will begin (3 SHORT) .on thể site of one of the old factories Network UK, the company ‘responsible, ‘made the (4 ANNOUNCE) —
Eee
‘available The management ‘said its was 5 also their (7 INTEND), wey) fifty job- training positions for young people who have (8 RECENT) _ left
school They ‘want to build “up a dynamic, ‘well-trained and (9 ENTHUSIASM) -'feam-and believe that they-can-contribute' tơ making Bradstonc a happy and (10 WEALTH) - towmonce again | " atid don (3
(From Cambridge F First st Corie cate e of English)
Exercise 9 ‘Choose the correct, option A, B, G, or D to complete each of
the sentences
- 1 He: kindly offered to - me e the ‘way to thes station
A show ` B 3 direct ee describe “Dp: explain :
2 The name ‘shared by all members ofa family i is the ~~ "
A nickname B middle n name Cc subname™ 5 surname | 1 -
3 In class, students must pay 7 to the teachers’ lectures " 7
A attendance "B 'concentiation` °C focus D attention
4, Mathematics and Literature are, _ subjects 1 in high schools: " A additional B compulsory ” | ', ‘optional © ”Ð academic 5 Do people i in your country - — their birthdays? ea
"` celebrate "'B arrangé ` organise " °D ‘make: ¬¬
_6.,] seems that the world record | for this event is almost impossible to TỐ A meet ` ¬ B break - C ‘compare a D, balance ˆ
7 Eskimos build igloos from - iy Gh ice "` Wess
A cubes ˆ B bán SỐ C slices” D blocks
8 Lomonosov \ was not a great scientist but also a very ‘talented poet
A fairly” = B mefdy - : C hardly” : Ð scarcely 48
_ of anew high-technology ị
9 Many | parts of the country are Suffering water after the unusually
ị a dry summer weer fie
: A thirst B shortage — C supply —D, absence
10 They their living by catching fish in the e obit every day “A,did -B:made "'C tried - ~ Dvhad
Exercise 10 ‘Choose the correct option A A, B, C; 0F D to complete each of "the sentences for two.) “for the new:jobs to.offer ¡ : _when he failed the e exam the second time - -Ị€, undecided Nobody wears clothes like that any more - they're : He felt —_ : A, discouraged 8B annoyed -D.- ‘determined ` D fashionably
A fashion sài _B _ unfashionabl Cc fashionable
3 Many people like the slow _ of life i in the countryside, lay hae A step _B pace C speed ogee Dh space A -Tom finds it hard to live; up.to his father’s pe
A expectations B expectancy, oC, intentions D respects ot,
He is very stubborn, So it 1s very difficult to _hirn to go
A, persuade - B suggest Cc make © ae °D : prevent,
| The: driver Was ‘badly ` in the accident ° ¬ OA destroyed “B Ínjured e bi a si _Ð, ‘wounded’ 7 The government the flood ses with food, clothes and shelter
A gave B presented C, offered _D provided _
Using the computer competently i is an important to help one get a
ood job - ¬UIỲ ,
A.reason , B aspect,, , Ce factor _ _D.i 18SU,
9.He Was too” _to tell his teacher about the: supid mistake.’ 7
A shame 2© ashamed - -Đ shiánieBily
10: There should be.no discrimination on ~of sex; ‘race‘or religion
Trang 24“EL Flamenco B KI NĂNG NGƠN NGỮ 1 KĨ NĂNG ĐỌC oe - Để làm tốt phan doc trong bai thi, hoc sinh can nam được các kĩ năng sau:
‘Ss anish Flamenco ‘pieces, : a ® "Wenld -famous classical guitarist Rodrigo Paras will lplay a Selection of traditional — Date: Sun 19th and 26th February, 7:30 pm $20 and $12
_ 1, SCANNING: Scanning được sử dụng khi người đọc tìm kiếm các từ, cụm | Questions: tiên cà
từ hay một ý trong một bài đọc Thơng thường, scanning được sử dụng để trả lời - "¬ 1: At which concert will young performer splay? ` _ các loại câu hỏi liên quan tới chỉ tiết Scanning duge su dung hiệu quả hat | khi : ee 2 Which concert will be held outdoors? : ái : tim] kiếm tên riêng, và các con số So In, nh 3 Which concerts will happen more than once? _ =
Luyén tập: | Co 4: Which concert will feature only one performer?
Exercise J 1: Scan the advertisement and answer ‘the questions below ị ie 5 Which concert is NOT beitig held at night?
SYDNEY CONSERVATORIUM OF MUSIC CONCERT poe
2 SKIMMING: Skimming là kĩ năng đọc lướt khi r người đọc r muốn tìm ý hính của bài đọc Khi sim, người đọc chủ : yêu tập trúng ` vào các danh từ, „ động, từ
tính từ thể hiện chủ đề bài đọc Luyện tập:
Exercise 2: Choose the best option (A; T, € or DĐ) which contains the
lain idea of each of the following paragraphs _ ° For February 2008 `
A Sydney Youth Orchestra’
Conservatorium High School students play’ a selection of Mozart concertos
Date: Sat 4'" and }11" February, § 8.00 pm $10.2 and $5
B Let’s Sing Together ¬" Ae , _ | ,
An afternoon for the young and the young- -at-heat, Led by th the Gigglers | band, sing children’s songs from your childhood and from all over the world |
There will be a special appearance by Willy Wallaby, from the popular children’ s programme, Hoppy! ˆ
_Date: Sun ” ‘February, 3 3.00 pm $5-
1, | Every second, one" hectare of the world's s ‘rainforest i is 5 destroyed This lundreds of insects or: animals become extinct’ every ‘day ‘due to ‘logging In ritish Columbia, where, since 1990, thirteen rainforest: valleys ‘have: beén clear- ut, 142 species of salmon have already become extinct, and die habitats of rizzly bears, wolves and many other creatures are threatened ơ
A The â, world's rainforest sọ, - | B Extinet animals ¬
C One- Romantic Evening s
Bring someone special with you and listen to some of the greatest love songs you gaze at the stars together! - Lae
Date: Sat::25" February, 8.00 pm $202 and $12
Note: This concert will be held i in the Conservatorium Rose Garden, not-in the
Concert Hall -
~ D Rock n’ > Roll
Bop along ‘til late to the rock hits of the last 10 years Bands playing include The Hippies, The Hypers, and The Heroes If you have a special request, write it down at the ticket counter when you come in
Date: Sat 18" February, 8.00 pm $10 and $5
¢ Consequences of logging _ _D British Columbia " ee 2 It is often, hard to see: underwater, ‘so: sound is: very important to whales and olphins To make most sounds, these animals blow air through.a hole: on top-of eir bodies Large whales make low-pitched sounds; smaller whales and dolphins ake high-pitched ones Many of these sounds a are € indiscernible t to the human ‹ ear
nly the animals can hear them ee OS số
A Sound is important to whales’ and dolphins to help them see ‘underwater :
B Larger animals make low-pitched: sounds while: smaller anitnals make high-pitched sounds
sẽ C Ttis dark i in the seabed |
D People should learn the sounds of whales
Trang 25aA A
3 Since people first realized that they could travel faster from one place to ” Luyện c - Oe ee ae
_ Exercise 3: Choose the best option (A, B, C, or ” that is neste
another using a means of transport rather than walking, they have developed an -
amazing number of ways of getting around _From camels to the space shuttle, ị meaning with each of the words in bold `
from horses to jets, we love to travel Carts pulled by horses once took place to 1 One of the fantastic things about the US e ducational system, is th ty you market and now people drive to supermarkets in their cars Boats first took people _ have many choices But one of the flip sides of that is that those many, ‘many
out to fish and now submarines float deep beneath the waves with huge’ cruise _ choices mean that every school has their own set of requirements ` _ ships and stylish sailboats above them People first flew: in hot-air balloons and VAN A downsides =8, choices € demands ˆ ÐP advantages c
now they fly into Space abroad rockets 2 Travelling can bring people many benefits, Deviation from your usual | A ‘Ways of ‘traveling have become more advanced tine not only breaks tp stress Of everyday, living but it actually relaxes, yous oo
B People love speed more than they used to OA, being used f0 8B: breaking vc following Dy establishing: ie 3 47% of Chinese millionaires: plan te to emigrate They want better ediication
li es emigrate
C Cars have completely changed, Our iv or their children and purer and safer environment for the whole families Their
deal destinations are North America and Northern Euro
~A.stayins © :B come back: °C fly away: oD become richer: -4.Hong Kong businesses are facing a sHúe ï in the nivel of tourists, esp hinesẻ ( ‘ones: ‘The number' of tours ston China: has dropped by up to 30% ane
‘Avincreaseé ` ˆ Ti ‘iB: staying the same "
C stability SD decrease REELS yied BM
D Transport affects many areas of our life
“4 In business how staff communicate with each other and with customers is vitally important ‘Not everyone is aware of the importance of using both the right language and the appropriate tone of voice You can give someone the: ‘right ' information, but be wrong about the way you have chosen to express yourself when” 'ÿou: do : this.’ ‘In’ this case; ‘you’ could: ‘be e' sending the _ wrong message by : mistake, by: putting it in an inappropriate way oan th A \ Different t tones of voices ° | 2a Effective communication a "` - - a ù nộ " , | sà bout $1, 000 per Year “That means te ‘cost of f taking g the T TOEF' i usiness:
C Communication i int e test pricey ‘Some governments find the costs to’ ‘be prohibitive
he Di Relationship between information and way 0 communi ft icatin B A reasonable R cheap | ¢ expensive " Ð, accept ; "
interpret sounds differently ‘from ‘other children But ¿ an American’ study shows
how musical trainifig can affect the brain so that: poor: ‘children’ might be ‘able to better: process : what: they: | heat: It finds such: ‘raining could | help them: improve
language and other skills "“ BUST ea Ta :
4 | INFERENCE: Kin năng suy luận giúp người đọc rút Ta a kết luận từ thong tin ọc được trong °bài Người đọc cần hiểu được khơng chỉ ý chính mà cả các;chi tiết ong bài để cĩ thể suy luận chính xác, và phải dựa vào các từ quan trọng trong ca
u hỏi lẫn bài đọc `
cA Music can ell auc — củ sọ ¬ Luyện tập _
— BÀ Music helps children perform better -©; Music can be used in training program '
:Ð, Music for poor people is: different:
_ Exercise 4: Read the following paragraphs and a answer ‘the questions below a _-1 She usually gets 1o school by 7:30 When she is at school;: she: rè-checks hs everything she has planned and prepared She is.a.careful ‘person: so, she always
ants to make sure that things are ready in case something can come up The kids
me at about 8:00 She’ usually starts a day's routine by, ‘che chúng he Kids!
_ homework and gives them encouraging comments: a
What isherjob? _
3 GUESSING: Ki nang suy đốn được n người đọc e dùng, để i nghĩa của từ
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2 The sky was dark and the rain was pouring Peter looked out of the window ị ` : a and sighed He took off his jacket and dropped the ball onto the floor His mother |
was ‘Unpacking the bag She put the food back to the fridge and the clothes to the wardrobe She asked Peter 'Do you want Somiething to cat?, Peter said No, 1 am too sdd'to: eat T should have been on the way :
“Why was Peter sad? ˆ ch
3 Jose opened , his eyes and s saw_some sunlights from the window It was so
- warm and cozy inside the blanket that he felt extremely comfortable He rolled oe over'in his bed “and lazily looked up to the-clock: It was 9: 00; He shouted 'Oh my -' God!" Jose: jumped out off the bed, tobk the first' outfit he: conld see, grabbed the - | - andisome books on the tablẻ and rushed out: -
What problem:was Jose having?: -
33 .:Chäd brushed his hair and’ looked at the mirror He was quite pleased with 7 his own appearance Hé’ was ‘wearing the best’ T-shirt and-the newest jeans
Stepping out of: the door, he walked quickly to Jenny's In his hand, -he was holding.a red box: with little hearts.around When he was knocking Jenny's house's door, his heart was, jumping wildly inside his: chest and.when Jenny opened the door, his face turned bright red He stood there in silence for nearly a minute
- How did Chad feel about Jenny? | " no
eH ‘Many college students l have given up taking class notes by hand, Instead, they type on: laptop or tablet computers Students who, type notes_on a keyboard often transcribe, Or writ te down what the professor says ` word-for-word ‘They may write without really thinking about what they are writing These electronic notes
But scientists, say, it leads to, "mindless transcription." (adapted £ from NOA/ Special English)
According t to the © passage, does the writer encourage students to write notes by typing?’ crgieerh gal “a ty be hp weston
5S REFERRING: Kin nang đối chiếu: giúp người, i doe hiểu được ¢ các c đi từ quy chiếu: tới sự vật sự việc nào trong bài đọc
Luyện tập:
_ Exercise 5: Fill in the blanks with the most appropriate answers |
pay cher ‘always gives r me: € positive feedback on my’ ideas when | I am
a developing them them :
' The h “them” refers to Oe
“According to a: nationwide st udy, ‘Americans’ might panic about Ebola, but
ost is ‘walking alone at night: The word “they” refers to 54
3 Mary Marilyn travelled to Turkey in 2006, at the age of 35 when she had
saved enough money and while there, she learnt Arabic
The word “there” refers to
4 Global warming results from the increase in CQ) and the pouring of
nitrogen into oceans and rivers, Scientists say this cannot continue The word “this” refers to
will : Say ‘Why don’t: you control your kids?" - _ ¬
~ ~The word “it” refers to _ ees "
: ‘Sau day la một số dạng câu hỏi thường dùng cho bài đọc hiểu: :
(Question Types for Reading) |
¬ - What is the topic of this — ain idea |
- What is the main idea of this: passage?
“Which title best reflects the main idea of the passage? - |
According to the passage, Whý ( did: ne, According: tothe information in paragraph 2 2, where did _ Factual
Questi ons Which of the following i 1S true, according t to the passage?
The author uses as an example of : vân
The author mentions nàn cin the third paragraph b because it ‘was _ ¬ Thuế | The author mensions 8 all of the following in 1 the passage ’ EXCEPT 7 | egative factual
estions cường In:the passage, the author does NOT r provide a: specific :
: oe _ example of Chg onda ere vảy di
.Ƒ According to' the information i in » paragraph 3 3, which of f the
following is NOT a
mm - Which of the’ following could best be substituted for the ,
cu ao word“ — ”inline 9?” ¬- ye
ocabulary eS :
uestions sọ eee expression “ "in line could best be a eae | ‘The word “ in ‘line _ closest in meaning, to Z| which of the lowing?
55
Trang 27
W It can be inferred from the j passage that
sử | It can ‘be concluded from the information i in n paragraph 2
, Inference that An" : oe
Questions In paragraph 4, the: author implies that
Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? — In the last paragraph, the author suggests that
of ¬ _ Why does the author mention _—_ m paragraph 2?
_ Authors 7 Pee | The author refers to ¬ _ to indicate that
purpose TT
CỐ sc "The author’ s main purpose in paragraph 3 is to ee What i is the author’s opinion of 2
Author’s TT
: Which of the ‘following most accurately reflects the
attitude 78
_ author’s opinion of PS
Sentence Which: of” the’ following best’ expresses the essential restatement information i in the sentence below? -
Seg ae The word inthe second paragraph refers to
Reference ` The pronoun ‘it in line 5 refers.to ae ‘questions
Sứ nề The phrase _ in paragraph 4 refers to
_ Luyện tập: cà
- Exercise 6: Read the passage and choose the correct answer Ay B, €, or D - to each of the questions :
_ In comparison with most other places i in ‘the world, family identity i is rather - weak in Britain, especially in England Of course, the family unit is still the basic living arrangement for most people But in Britain this definitely means the nuclear family There is little sense of extended family identity, except among some racial minorities This is reflected in the size and composition of households It is unusual for adults of different generations within the family to live together The average number of people living in:each household in Britain is lower, than:in most other European, countries The Proportion of elderly people living alone is similarly high ¬ pea:
Significant family events such as “weddings, births, and funerals are not automatically accompanied by large gatherings of people It is still.common to appoint people to certain roles on such occasions, such as ‘best man’ at a wedding, godmother and godfather when a child is born ‘But’ for most people these appointments are of sentimental significance only They do not imply lifelong responsibility In-fact, family gatherings of any kind beyond the household unit
are rare For most people, they are confined to'the Christmas period 56
ve ‘Even the stereotyped nuclear family of father; mother: and children_ 1S : becoming less common Britain has a higher rate of divorce than anywhere elsen : Europe except Denmark and the children born outside marriage has risen
amatically and i is also one of the highest By the year 2020, it is estimated that _ there will be more single people than married people However, these trends do:
“not necessarily mean that the nuclear family is disappearing Divorces have increased, but the majority of marriages in Britain do not break down In addition, - jt.is notable that about three quarters of all births outside marriage are officially tố regjstered by.both parents and more than half: of the children ‘concerned: are bom
to parents who: are diving together at the time : ¬
ogethér without getting married Only about 60 per cent of these couples will Today, in Britain, many couples, ‘mostly i in their 1 twenties or - thirties, ‘live ntually: get married 40 per cent of children in Britain’ are born to these ohabiting parents In 2000, ‘around a quarter Of unmarried’ ‘people between the s of l6 and 59 were cohabiting in Great Britain::‘Unmarried couples are aÌso -
ing families without first being married Before,-1960 this was very : unusual, ‘in 2001 around 23 per cent of births in the UK were to cohabiting, couples |
People are generally getting married at a later age now and many women do ot want to have children immediately They, prefer to concentrate on their jobs | nd put off having a baby ‘until late thirties The number of single-parent families TỐ s increasing This is mainly due to more marriages ending'in’ divorce, but some
vomen are also choosing to have children as lone parents without being married
(Adapted from James.O! Driscoll, 1995)
1 In Britain, the term n family should usually be:understood.as _ family.” » A extended & a single-parent DĐ cohabiting đo
Roles such as best man, godfather a are only of cơng à : Bị nuclear, ¬ values." Cy important « | Đi rare A emotional: :B responsible ì } The n most popiilar petiod for: farnily gatherings ven is”
A, weddings — B ‘funerals a € Christmas 'D births |
, The, divorce rate in n Britain i is the, a in Europe wn duy
A, highest ih oe ann -B second highest: ne " ơ
â: third: highest © -D.lowest: "—
- About 75 per cent of the: births outside inattiage’a are _ go ee A, born: to parents living together 8 po
Trang 28
6 The leading factor contributing to the increase in the: number of single- parent family is:
‘A women working 2
B the choice to be lone parents
C high divorce rate
¬ D old age marriage Hạn oe
- 7, The word reflected i in paragraph ! 1S closest i in meaning to
OA, shown m B changed - ˆ C discussed.” De repeated
- # The word cohabiting in paragraph 4 is Closest in meaning to” TU
A married ` 8 living together” "¬¬ `, having children - | ~ _ 9 What i 1S the most suitable heading for paragraph, 42 ¬ A, Cohabiting: couples: :: 8 Children outside marriage Dp ‘unusual Cc: Unmarried children
De Changing view on marriage ẹ Si i an
| : 1 10 ‘What i is ‘the most ‘suitable title for the whole e passage? | A British: family types
- B British family changes " —C British-family identity
~ D British family: relation: ‘ , anes ¬.— =
Exercise ‘7: Choose’ the best option Nhà B.: €, 0r Dy to" ‘compet the |
hơng
following passage
The origin of the world's largest river by volume has been’ suprisingly hard to}: oy tas.» the start of |
than five rivers in |
southwestern Peru given the honor over the ' years Now the authors of a ‘study : decide Explorers and scientists, have argued over where to @
the Amazon River since at least the mid- 1600s, with (2)
(3) _ in the journal ‘Area say they've located the ‘mighty 1 river's ‘true source: the Mantaro River in southwestern Peru If they're ripht, their (4) °-:ˆ
6,437 kilometers by the U S Geological Survey Using six different (5)
and satellite images, professional kayaker eee (6) —_ has been considered the Amazon! s source sincé 1971 58 would | add 75 to 92 kilometers to the length of the Amazon, n, currently: measured at about :
of measurement, including Gps tàng 4 data ¿
One reason the Mantaro may have been overlooked is that its twisting bend,
kink, in the river's lower half makes it (8) much shorter than it really is
ut whether geographers accept the claim of Mantaro as the Amazon's true origin ends on which definition of a river's source (9) choose to apply The rent, (q0) „ accepted definition is the most distant “point of a river's
est tributary that flows continuously
- (Adapted from National Geographic Magazine)
1A locate " | _B place oe HCepute -D, find
-'2,A no litle B.nofewer - - C few Delite 0
3 A talked iB performed C made =D published | 4 AC invention: - B innovation: °C discovery Dv result
“S.A, techniques ¬ B systems” - _C proccesses: sả D methods | TA what ø " B.ths: C.which D.thi .~
-8/A.tolook -Bilooling - C/look, Dy looked -
9 A they | Beit 0) °° Che” D them
10 A international _ Bi internation ~~” Cinternations D internationally a Exercise 8: Read the passage and choose the correct t answer / Ay B, © or D each of the questions WE ấy ĐỊ UHẦỮ Q2W Ord naar 4
Everywhere we go we can find a TV screen From public places to-the back of seats, from railway stations to restaurants and bars, TV is all around us More n ever before, children are living i in a world filled with media, and television i in rticular A third of children under the age of four have a‘TV'i in their bedroom, s do more than half of under-16-year-olds A study: has:warned that children are coming addicted to television Researchers said that young people inthe UK vatch around 5- hours of television a day - in the rest of Europe they watch Just 2_
urs On average, two-thirds of children watch TV Íỏr'2 ‘hours’ a-day and nagers and young adults spend nearly 4 hours.a day in: front: of: a TV and 2
itional hours on the computer playing video games
For at least the past two decades, researchers have studied the affects of | elevision on children - and it hasn't been good’ news The ‘first two years ‘of life
extremely important for the development of the brain Childrén ‘need these two rs to explore and play with their parents and other children: This-helps learning healthy physical and social development As children grow up, too much TV tferes with activities such as being physically active, reading, doing omework, playing with friends, and spending time with family.”
59
Trang 29
Apart from the general harmful impacts on development, research shows that ị
there are specific effects too Children spending over 4 hours each day in front of |
the TV are more likely to be overweight Violence on TV affects children very badly - the average American child sees 200, 000 violent acts on television before ị 2 they are 18 Children who see violent acts are more likely to show aggressive há behavior ‘but they also think that the world ‘is a frightening place and that ụ something bad will happen Besides, although cigar or alcohol adverts are banned | : in many countries, children can still see plenty of people smoking of drinking on: _TV This kind of 'product placement’ makes risky behavior like - smoking, and: vi drinking: seem acceptable
However, in fact, researchers also claim that there i AS nothing w wrong: with TV -
only in the way we use it In the UK, the government wants school children to
have a greater understanding of TV and film by teaching them media studies from | the age of 5 But perhaps the answer lies at home Parents can keep TVs out of children's bedrooms and limit the amount of TV they watch They can take an: interest in what their children watch and comment:on what they don't agree with Today Media Studies isn't only a university subject - it's a way of life
1 Children i in the UK watch | A more TV than children i in ‘Europe
B two hours per day’
Cc six hours per day including video games
_D four hours per day
Too mụch TV isbadfor _
“A, the parents of the children’ oo
- _B the development, of the brain _ - € physical and social development
D thegrowingup =
Children who see too much violence on nTV are fe A, likely to smoke and drink no Be frightened by the world C overweight © -D the most violent _ (Adapted from Louis Harrison & Caroline Cushen, 2013)
4 The K government wants to teach their children _ uv WA,.to understand what they watch
_B.a way of: life ¬
° C¿ that there 1s nothing wrong v with TY ~ Dy not to tell lie
ý Which word i in paragraph 1 shares the similar meaning , with ‘doing something habit?
: - A filled R warned ol addicted D additional
6 The worda aggressive 1: paragraph 3i is closest i in meaning to: a Ay bạd - “Bs ‘damaging: ~& frightening © „Ð angry
7 / What i is the most suitable heading for paragraph 2? " N
„` Harmful effects on children’ under'2 a es B ‘Impacts | on children of all ages: a vee -
| Cc TV and physical activities,
_D A research over two: decades: oy wel ook: 8 The ‘word banned i in n paragraph 3i is s closest in meaning to:
Ẻ °C stopped " =D: loved’
‘A Government and TY & „5B: ee with children 2 oa “Ways to make use of TV o: Di-Media:studies in runiversity 10.Whát is the tàưst suitable: title for the whole > passage? © hàn
“A Media studies for children” ¬ oe
_B, Parents and TV - awa ¬
_—Œ/Product placement oo
D The danger of too much 7 TV`
Exercise 9: Read the passage and choose the correct 3 answer rA, B, G or D
each of the questions °
Trang 30
author Roughly 30% of childrén in the world-are Undeinourished and in fact 60%
of children for example who die of common diseases like malaria’ and diarrhea pe would not have died had they not been malnourished in the first place.’
While criticizing the lack of large-scale action internationally and within countries to tackles malnutrition, the report says improving nutrition could add
two to three per cent to the growth rates of poor countries And contrary to
popular belief, it reveals the rates ‘of malnutrition in South Asia are almost double those in Sub-Saharan Africa Roughly, 50 per cent of children in South: Asia are.” - undernourished’ as Compared to about 25 percent in Sub-Saharan’ Africa But we
also find out that the problem i is not limited to those two regions alone There are countries in other regions - Indonesia, Uzbekistan, Yemen, Guatemala and Peru -
where the problem i is acute as well :
The report dispels the notion: that malnutrition j is simply a problem for the world's poor countries ‘Poor nutrition also exists elsewhere, thus suggesting it is not simply a question of access to food,' Shekar says ‘India and Ethiopia: have about the same levels of malnutrition And 26 per cent of: children i in the highest | income bracket in India are underweight and' 65 ‘per cent are anemic -.a medical condition caused by the lack of iron in daily diets -Anemic., children perform less
and that is the overweight agenda And that links very close to non-communicable disease like heart disease, diabetes and cancers
(Extracted from Charlie Martineau & Jane Short, 2007) |
1 What is the most appropriate heading for Paragraph 12
A Nutrition and the economy _
B A serious ‘disease oe
_._C Anew way of:thinking about te nutrition — _-Ð,The planet's biggest killer’: -
"2, What i is the most appropriate heading for paragraph 2 nn ` ¬
7 "` Malnutrition j in Asia cs
7 Be A popular, belief’ | |
" Comiparing’ Asia with Africa”
_D.Efctive: program ‘for poor countries rn HC dưng Hồi
well in school, are, more likely to drop out and have a lower intellectual and
says, the developed world also faces the other side of malnutrition - obesity 'In ;
the developed world, there is the other aspect of, malnutrition, that is coming up |
© 3 What is the most appropriate heading for paragraph 32
| AA problem for rich and poor countries
oO B The downside of an IT industry
-€ The rich i is becoming richer -
_D Anemic children and school result “4, Malnutrition in Sub- Saharan Africa
A is less serious than in South Asia Ho
TC B is worse than i in South Asia Tà
° | C results in more than 50% of child death -
-`D affects a quarter of the child d population”
5, 60% of the children — —
A, would be undernourished all over the world |
8 would not die of common diseases if ‘they were not undernourished _ ~ C would-not be malnourished if they didn't have: malaria
-_ D would die of malaria and diarrhea: -
6 The word large-seale i in paragraph 2i is closest i in meaning to mm
OA, effective - _- B,urgent - Cc positive ¬ xề ¬¬
Ts According to the report, malnutrition is 18 the problem ¢ of | A developed countries'' B developing countries | 7 _C both rich and poor countries - D IT countries 8 The highlighted s sentence everyone t talks about “in n paragraph 3: implies
Aw India should use: TT technology to reduce malnutrition |
8B, India has a developed IT technology " eran
Cc India’ sIT industry, could:be improved if malnutrition i 1S reduced D.a huge proportion of India's children: is anemic:
9 The word dispel in » paragraph 31s closest i in meaning to: “ A approve -, B.agree = € deny iD: emphasize 10 ‘According: to ‘the: passage, ‘one “Popular aspect of: ‘malnutrition: in the
loped world is _ ¬" - ` " peal
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Exercise 10: Read the passage and choose the correct answer A, B, C, or N
D to cach o£Ÿ the questions
A recent study shows that an unequal share of household chores is still the norm in many households, despite the fact that many more women now have! jobs In a survey of 1,256 people ages between 18 and 65, men said they: |
contributed an average of 37 per cent of the: total housework, while the women - estimated their share to be nearly double that, at 70 per cent This ratio was not affected by whether the woman was working or not
_ When they were asked what they thought was a fair division of labor, women - “with jobs felt that housework should be shared equally between’ male and female ”
partners Women who did not work ‘outside the home ‘were satisfied ‘to’ perform 80}: per cent - the majority of the household work:.- if their husbands: did the) : remainder Research has shown that, if levels increase beyond these percentages, - women become unhappy and anxious, and feel they, are unimportant
_ After marriage, a woman is reported to increase her household workload by CS 14 hours per week, but for men ‘the amount is just 90 minutes So the division of, labor becomes unbalanced, asa‘ man's share increases: much less than the woman's It is the inequality and loss of respect, not the actual number of hours, which leads to anxiety and depression The esearch describes housework as thankless and unfulfilling Activities included in the study were cooking, cleaning, shopping, doing laundry, washidg ‘up and childcare “Women who have jobs report that they feel overworked by these: chores ‘in addition to their professional: ditties In contrast, full-time homemakers frequently anticipate going: back.to,work when - the children grow up Distress for this | group is caused by losing the teamwork i in
the marriage
In cases where men perform most of the housework, results were 5 similar The men also became depressed by the imbalance of labor The research showed tha ‘the least distressed people are those who:-have equal share, implying: that ‘men
could perform significantly more chores and even benefit from this The research
swat Ty bee
keeping house, a shared ‘division ‘of labor is is important If you decide t to “stay a home tor raise ¢ the children, you don't ‘want to become the servant of thể house.’
" -(Adapted from Louis Harrison’ & Caroline Cushen, 2013
1, The word remainder in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning | to A what i is left: “B: whatis đone - : C,whatls fulfilled D what-is shared
_ 2, Although: women think:men:should: share-the: housework; those" who don have a paid job agree to share of the chores ¬¬
A.37percen B.70percent C 80 per cent D lá pere 'cent
64
: 3 After getting married,
A men do less housework Si B, women do twjce as much housework
_C men do more housework 7 D women have a bigger h house 4 Working women
A do 80 per cent of the household _ B.-want their partners to do ‘an equal share : C, would prefer not to have é a job
ˆD.are anxious and depressed
5 Women who do not have.jobs become depressed _
A if their husbands do 20 per cent of the chores be B if they have to do more than half of the housework ¬
C because they have no self-respect ˆ
D when their husbands do not help them -
6 The word norm in paragraph lis closest i in meaning to, a
A strange thing » Be usual’ thing '
Cc changing thing “=p: tra tt đúng ” Page gh “7, According tơ the passage; a good relationship ‘is the one in which th về
-A womeri do 80 per cent of the houseWork -.- B women and men divide the housework equally
C men do more housework than women |
D women do 14, hours: of housework `8, Objects of the survey were
A, married.people ‘2B working people
C unemployed people | D people ofa wide range, of: ages 9 The word estimated i in paragraph 1 is closest i in meaning to
A guessed B wanted C¢, divided _D hoped 10 What is the most suitable heading : for the passage? _ ¬
A Reasons for women to be distress B Difficulties of working women
€ How to be happy couples bere a
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IL Ki NANG VIET
Kha nang viét tiéng Anh lién quan đến các kĩ năng cơ bản sau:
1 Khả năng ngữ pháp: là khá năng viết tiếng Anh trong câu dung ngữ pháp 2 Khả năng từ vựng: khả năng lựa chọn từ chính xác và Sử dụng từ một cách thích hợp trong văn cảnh
3 Khả năng sử dụng đúng dau chấm câu, viết đúng chính tả, viết hoa đúng chỗ
4, Về văn ¡ phong: khả năng viết t ding theo văn n phong ‹ của 2 tiếng Anh
5, Khả năng tổ chức, sắp xếp từ, cụm từ, mệnh đề, câu - theo ding các : quy | tắc của tiếng Anh
Các dạng bài tập viết câu tiếng Anh thơng thường: 1 Hồn thành câu dùng một từ hoặc cụm từ:
Complete the following sentences using a word ora phrase
« _10 the bank today?”
“Oh, no But there’s still time They d don’ t close until half past three.”
“Answer: Have you been
2 Sap xép các từ/ cụm từ cho si san thành .câu cĩ nghĩa ¬
Reorder the following words and phrases to make meaningful sentences likely/ you/ less/-to become/ iff ill/ are/ living/ you/ a/ healthy life/ are Answer: You are less likely to become ill if you are ving a healthy life 3 Sử dụng từ/ cụm tir ggi ¥ viét thanh-c4u-hoan chinh |
Write full sentences using the following words and phrases
It/ essential/ you/ read questions/ carefully/ before/ do/ tést
Answer: It is essential that you read the questions carefully before doing/ _you do the test
4, Hoan thành câu '
Complete the following sentences
Look at the length of your hair! It’s about time
Answer: you had your/ a haircut — 5 Biến đỗi câu | ¬
- Finish the second sentence in each pair i in such a way that iti is as similar in meaning as possible to the first one
66 : :
, , ; 5B HD T ANH
Tt wasn't until we ‘got home that we found out why the car was making _ Such a strange noise
Only when
Answer: Only when we got home did we find | out why the car was making such a strange noise
| - Complete the second sentence, using the word given Do not change the "word You must use between three and eight words including the word given if only | hadn't believed his lies! "` as - -., TAKEN- Iwish aa es _ by hís lies! Answer: Ïhadn't been taken i ino - - Rewrite the sentences, so that their meaning stays the same, using the ords i in brackets | _ Please behave i in my house as you would i in your ¢ own, ‘house, (make) | Answer: Please make yourself at home —
6 Tim lỗi sai (hoặc tìm và sửa lỗi sai) trong c câu
_ ~ Choose Á„ B, C, or D to show the word or Phrase @ that is not correct in andard English.” ‘When readers contribute fund to private ¢ libraries, they are used the libraties A B oc without charg € “Answer: C
_= Correct the mistake i in each of the following sentences
Influenza, a much: more serious illness than a cold, strikes with : a sudden fever, sorethroat; chills and muscles ache
_ Answer: muscles ache —> aching: muscles
7 Tim cau đồng nghĩa/ gần nghĩa với câu cho sẵn
Mark the letter A, B, Gi or D to show the sentence closest i in meaning to
é one given,
Fred became irritated when David brought up the he problem ofs students’ being late A David brought the late students’ in to see Fred
B Fred was upset because David mentioned the late students: -C Fred was angry with David:because students: were brought:in n late
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.8 Tìm câu ghép hợp lí từ hai câu cho sẵn
Mark the letter A, PB, C, -or D to indicate the correct and natural Ì ;
combination of each pair of sentences given «
I met the workers Reporters interviewed them last week, - | A I met the workers, who interviewed reporters last week, |
B I met the workers: because reporters interviewed them last week, ¬ met the workers: who were interviewed by reporters last week h D I met the reporters who interviewed workers last week, C LUYEN TAP Exercise 1: Complete the following sentences using a word or a phrase Answer: 1 This is one _T have ever read _ closed 2 This crossword puzzle is so’ easy that 1 can | 3 It must be 25 years at school together "the
4, They all turned up at the meeting, with ~ monitor, who was ill: ae
5 What do all sports in common?
Exercise 2: Complete the second sentence, so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word in bold Don't use more > than five words
A People claim that he i is the best tennis player of our times said
He _ best tennis player of our times
Nobody plays this piece as beautifully a as he does more:
He plays this piece ' _ else
-If I don't leave now, T Il thiss ‘my train ‘unless
" | a a _ leave now
4: Too many sweets 2 are ‘bad for you eat on " -
It is 00r many sweets
The knife ‘was too ‘blunt to cut the c beef sharp
The knife’ — ete Xã _ ab eit the beef ame as the sentence before it A DXereise 3: Finish the second sentence in each pair so that it means the oy »WThe super-jet.flew from London to New York i in n only t two hours It only took | " ba
2.E a rather not see him tomorrow =
3 You will catch a cold if youd don’t tkeep y your feet ary Be _ Unless : Tỉ
4, Could L stay here for a: few —
Would it be liek ƠN D11 c3 2t ướt tà _ TỦ ng
5 The people who were there didn’t t notice anything unusual No one
ot correct i in standard English Exercise 4: “Choose A, B, CG or Dị to show the words or - phrases that are
A When a a child, I used to take t to the Z00 o by my mother ử
2 Almost eviesoonintiyice now have’ ‘a a meiney sooty base ‘on coins and ` 'paper notes |
3 Earth Day is a day when ‘many vy people gather to plant tr trees cand Cleaning up » parks,
4, Certain pollens are likely to cause an allergic reaction than others 5 Only by reading carefully and slowly that you can understand what the
manual says " mức HH ng
D on, “ tb © h
Exercise 5: Find the mistake" iit ‘each™ of the following sentences and |
Trang 34_Exercise 7: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D-to indicate the sentence that i is
: 4 ‘Sugar provides man with quick energy, ‘but it: thas: neither vitamins,
"_ ^ " osest in meaning to the original sentence in each of the following questions hà minerals, and other body-building materials
5 The distribution of copper, like that of gold, does not’ appear to be: relating : to any particular type of rock
7 Exercise 6: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that is | closest in meaning to the original sentence in each of the following questions
1 1 Don't blame him for your.stupid mistakes
A Don't let him blame you for your stupid mistakes
B He was not to blame because your mistakes were, stupid
C He doesn't make mistakes so you are.to blame |
1 "How long will the interview take?” D It isn't his fault that you have made stupid mistakes _
2 The planet Neptune is, about 30 times as far from: the Sun as s the Earth is -A The Sun is nearer to the planet Neptune than i is from the Earth | -B The Earth is much farther from the Sun than 1s from the planet Neptune
'C The Earth is much nearer to the Sun than the planet Neptune i IS
D The planet Neptune is 30 times.as large compared to.the Sun and the Earth 3 It's a waste of time trying to do the experiment again and again
A The experiment should be done again and again _
B It's well worth trying to do the experiment again C There is no point in trying to repeat the experiment « _D There is no time to try to repeat the experiment: 4 It is possible Leonie didn't hear what the question was
A Leonie may-not have heard what the question was B It is not possible for Leonie to hear what the question ¥ was Cc, Leonie can't help’ hearing what the question was —
D Leonie can't have heard what the question was
5 "Please let me take you to the airport," he said to her ¬
_ A He asked her if she could take him to the © airport a
B He offered to take her to the airport ° ee C He ordered her to let him go the airport,
D He said that he had to take her to the: airport:
Exercise 8: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate t thể correct and tural combination of each pair of sentences given Ding fb
1 The tree had died They cut it down ~A.The tree was cut down and then it died
B They cut down the tree that had died | € The tree had died, ‘but ‘they cut it down
D The tree had died after they cut it down ` 7 ALL had no idea how the interview would be taken |
-B.Twanted to know how long the interview.Wwould take C I asked how long the interviewer could talk
D I asked him if the interview would take long,
2 The couple.didn’ t tell the police about the theft until it was far too late | A The couple didn’t tell the police about the theft as ‘they were too far
B Only when it was far too late did the police report about the theft | C The theft wasn t reported to the police until it was far too late _D The police were not asked about the theft until it was far too: late $ She asked me where I had gone on my vacation the previous summer
A "Where did Igo on my vacation last summer?"
-B "Where had I' gone-on my vacation that summer?"
C "Where are you going on your vacation this summer?" D "Where did : you go on your ‘vacation last summer?” ue 7 4 tt was unfair that Paul failed the driving test |
— A Paul failed the driving test because he was ‘unfair B It was unfair of Paul to fail the driving test C Paul didn’t deserve to fail the driving test
D Paul.was not fair in doing the driving test mong
5 A few animals sometimes fool their enemies by appearing to be dead
- A Some animals pretend to be dead'to deceive'theirénemies B: A few animals are: sometimes dead and they fool'their’ enémies.:
"` Few animals appear to be dead because their enemies are fools - aa
D By appearing to be dead sometimes, a a few animals are re reall y foolis "
Trang 35
» 2 Lthought they might.be hungry I offered them something to eat
A: Thinking they might be hungry, I offered them something †o eat
B Because they might be hungry, I offered them: something to eat Œ I thought they might be hungry, offering them something to eat D I offered them: something to eat to stop them being hungry » 3 He has retired He watches football every afternoon on cable TV
A Although he’s retired, he watches football every afternoon on cable TV B Now that: ‘he’ s retired, he watchés football every afternoon on cable TV
¢ When: he’ S retired, he: watches: football every afternoon on cable TV.-
~D He’s ‘retired, So that he'watches football évery afternoon on cable TV 4 The exercise was very long Jimmy couldn't do it in thirty minutes
_A THe'exercise was very long sị that Jimmy couldn't do ït in thirty minutes B The exercise was long ‘enough for J immy to do in thirty minutes C The exercise was very ‘long, so Jimmy had tỏ do it in thirty minutes D The exercise was too lotig for Jimmy to do in thirty minutes
5 Dr Nelson has haid to'do all his own typing His secretary resigned 2 weeks ago
A Dr Nelson whose: Secretary resigned 2: ‘weeks 5 ago has had to do all his typing B Dr Nelson ‘has had to do: “all his wing, so his secretary resigned 25 weeks ago C Dr Nelson, whose secretary resigned 2 weeks ¢ ago, has had to do all his typing
D Although his ‘secretary resigned 2 weeks 280, Dr Nelson has had to do all his typing
C CÁC CHỦ DE (TOPIC) ¥ VIẾT r TỰ LUẬN:
I HUONG DAN VIET LUẬN
-1 Viết đoạn văn
- Một đoạn văn gồm câu: chủ đề, các câu bổ trợ (nhằm chứng minh, dẫn giải ý chính được nhắc tới trong câu chủ dé) va câu kết luận :
- Người viết cần đảm bảo tất cả các câu trong đoạn văn đều nĩi về chủ đè và tập trung vào ý chính
- Người viết cần kiểm tra lại chính ta va ngữ pháp trong từng câu, đảm bảo chủ ngữ và vị ngữ tương đồng với nhau, Cần lưu y viet hoa và sử dụng, các dấu chấm câu (punctuations) cho chính xác 7 72
- Trong một bài viết, người viết cần tuân thủ một trật tự nhất định dé sắp xếp sâu bỗ trợ Một số trật tự thường gặp bao gồm: từ các chỉ: tiết Ít quan trọng ˆ t tới chi tiết, quan trọng nhất hoặc .BƯỢC: lạt, tuyển tinh: thời gian, trình, tự ng gian, cac.buéc trong một quy trình, ¬ ¬
2 Viết bài luận
Bài luận là tập hợp của nhiều đoạn + văn viết về một chủ đề, Mỗi đoạn văn tập: trung L triển một ý Điều quan trọng khi viết bài luận là người viết cần gan két cac doan nhau bang su théng nhat ve cac y nhằm thỏa mãn một chủ đề và cách sử dụng
hính xác các từ hay cụm từ nỗi, Ví dụ một số từ nỗi doan nhu: in addition, moreover, _ `- ' L Íe, Một số loại bài luận thường gap: giải thích, † mơ tả, nêu uỷ kiến,
3 Viết thư
Tùy vào tính chất của bức thư (trang trong: hag ‘than mật), một lá thư bằng Anh cĩ thể: cĩ: nội dung: và văn phong khác: nhau: Tuy nhiên, một sơ nội ø dưới đây là thành phần chính của đa số các:bức:thư: "
- Phần mở đầu:
°- + Địa chỉ người gửi ::-:
+ Địa chỉ người nl nhận tong
+ Ngày, tháng : ˆ ERE `
-.Lời.chào hỏi; Dear: yk yy dear, / / Hi Hello, '
“Nội dung thư: : oe : SH 3e vai ¬ gs op reyeesegs) + Phan mở đầu: thăm hỏi : SứC c khoẻ, lí do v viết + thu, nhắc tới: bức thứ ma
nh đã nhận: được ¬ <a cee
+ Nội dung chính Ba Vat ofa ios
+ Khang định | lại mục đích, › mong muốn của 2 người \ viết thu TH
Phần kết thúc: ` ROLE dat ¬—_ =
+ Thư thân mật: Yours, Love; An the best; ¬ Ss + Thu: trang trong: Yours faithfully (nếu n người Viết: khơng biết tên ‹ của 1 nhận hoặc lời: chào :hỏi- đầu thư là Dear Sir/Mađam,)' Yours! sincetely (nêu
viết et biết tên của: người I nhận \ và lời chào hỏi đầu thir lal Dear Ms: Giang.) © IL TOPIC WRITING |
| Topic’ 1: Write a letter io a s penpal about the € person v who has * great influence ur life bah hE Pas ey SU "¬
Notice: usẻ the format kề an n informal letter Name the person “0
Trang 36
~~ Describe the person's: characters
- Emphasize the reasons is why the.person has: great influence on your life (work hard, take: good care of :., set good- example for ; intelligent, “creative, open-
minded, most influential person, dedicate her/his life to inspire)
Topic 2: Write about a sporting event you saw recently
Car: race)
_ - Describe the details of this event + Place where it took place + Time when it took place + Who the spectators were
+: Useful vocabulary: first / ‘second set / course | half, team, score, ‘spirit, excitement, competitive, win, lose, -supporters, fans, cheer and chan; Champions, :
stadium
- Your feelings about the match and the reasons why you liked/disliked it (the ` winning of the team you support, the enthusiasm of people, nice weather)
.Topic 3: Write a paragraph about the benefi ts of exercise: —
- Reduce stress: physical activities’ help bodies produce happy: chemicals - Improve self-confidence: physical fitness boosts self-esteem: and improves positive self-image -
- Improve your chances of living longer and healthier 4 as it helps Protect you! from developing heart disease, cancers or diabetes
- Help control weight po ePID 3
Topic 4: Write a paragraph to discuss the opinion that arts should or: - shouldn! be taught in high school so students,can concentrate on academic subjects
` Should _ Shouldn't
a ~ Arts help ‘students have Background - There i is ‘not enough time for teachers of the world cultures and history ~ |;to cover all kinds of subjects at school - Arts equip | students with some | So they should focus on core,subjects necessary skills: creative thinking, | like ‘maths, _foreign languages and
| observing, problem solving, critical | physics -
thinking : we - Arts: should only be elective
- Arts are fun and interesting | to learn {~ Arts should be taught by parents as
- Learning arts helps students to build.| they may: understand their children's
team ‘spirit and community as art ability and talent better _
activities can be done in groups | | 74 „ 'espect, ‘look up to,; - Name the sport € event (football match, basketball match, marathon, contest, 7
Topic 5: Write about the causes of the fact that Families now are not as osely-knit as they were in the past
: Busy lifestyles: people work longer hours, both parents work,
- Modern technology: people are more interested in their online’ life than teracting with other family members ˆ
- Different viewpoints: generation gaps, information technology brings pportunities to diverse viewpoints Having different opinions pulls people far
‘om each other
uce global warming”
Individuals: - w
- Save -energy: use less heat and: air conditioning use: energy-efficient
‘oducts, drive less: ;
“: ~ Recycle paper, plastic, newspaper, glass, > ‘help to reduce carbon dioxide - Plant trees: Trees absorb carbon dioxide and give off oxygen |
- Encourage others to recycle and conserve ° energy —
Governments: :
- Inform people about global warming agp
- Reduce emissions by taxing companies and: factories that produce much
nhouse gas emissions ¬ me ¬-
- GrowW research for neW energÿysouces = OS
- Reform environmental laws to make them stricter - Topic 7: Write to describe your all-time favourite m movie - Name the movie
> Describe the content of the: movie: + Characters
+ Plot
+ Useful language: the film is set in
enes in the film are colorful and interesting, ee
- Describe the reasons why you like the movie: the’ story~ is: ‘touching ƒ saningful, the plot is superb, the acting is excellent f outstanding, o one of the best ms ever made, a masterpiece, a brilliant story: - ans ~ Topic 8: Write to discuss the opinion that women n make better parents than men
_ Agree: |
- Women have better intuitive inteligence than 1 men They know how to read_ children's signals They have better emotional understanding of what the kids
going through :
_- Women have a closer bond with their children They create that during the ie months of:pregnancy-and the: early: period of child rearing ad -
Women actually spend more time.on child rearing‘and care taking
Trang 37Disagree: - ra oe
- Many single fathers can totally dedicate their life t to › their children
- According to some research, children’ of single mothers tend to have more
chance of crime |
- No one comes to parenthood and immediately knows everything Learning
and practicing help fathers perform.as well as mothers -
- Women and men bring different benefits to their children Sons can leam men's | ways way better when their fathers teach them It is also the other way round
.- Topic 9: Write about the changes that information technology brings to your life : = ‘Information’ technology brings family member closer When § a member: is " away, it is much easier to 'keep in touch with the family -
- Information technology helps people to stay in touch with the world Bvery
day, people, from their home read news about the issues all over the world: : Information technology provides 1 more = choices of how, ‘when, ‘where: and
what to do things:: - : _- "¬“ dg
- Information technology creates more ‘chances to.earn money “There are more jobs in the IT field that help people make huge sums of money ¬
- Information technology helps people to be wiser and gain more knowledge - Topic 10: Write to describe your lịƒe in the 20years' từme- :
=Grammar: wlll /to be going to ,./ to be likely, / tmlikey to /, have a tendency to
_- Career: sa ¬
— + Have a good job/ ajob.1 love to do
+ Start up my-own business: "
+ Invest in stock market and make a reat fortune
- Studying: :
+’ Take professional courses
+ Have MA/ PhD degrees
«tt Enroll im-courses to get higher degrees
—= LHE style: |
cụ tick, Have @& balanced diet: es
' + Get married to the one’ love: with ‘one.or two kids _+ Spend much time with family = : "
+ Have travelled to more than ten different countries + Afford annual trips t to 0 beauty spots all over r the world ~ Accomodation: : MOE se Sáo "
+ Live ina: big house
+ Have a cat and two dogs
- - Relationship: : bape TURAL Notas
+ Stall keep i in touch with high school and university friends "¬ + Have good relationship W with colleagues i "Phần hai _ MỘT số Đề LUYỆN TẬP THAM HHẢO _ _ PRACTICE TEST 1 Time allotted: 901 min
m the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions
“1 A career” Be afraid me vatiéty * — D/tran§Er '
2:A: compose - B computer C.company — D.comprise,
3 A stayed B changed - Œ.realized: "` planted
4 A southern B breathless C sunbathing D worthy : A determine’ _B university C undermine D visitors
rk the letter A, B, CG or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the
| ing questions oe aa ae og ees ¬ a - the siorm, the ship couldn 1 reach the harbour on time
A In case of: ~B.In spite of C Because of D, But for | “1 He is tired now He the gardening for hours |
A isdoing cử B has been doing -
C did vị cài D.does_ - " os
8 My cat would not have bitten the toy fish if she _ a it was made of rubber : A has known -_B would know C had known, D knew
9 The cat Was | | _to wait for, the mouse to come out of its hole A so patient | — B patient enough
C enough patient " | D too patient oe 10 Ifi nished my homework a 1 few days ahead the deadline
"xả ¬ by Dea Êun
11 The police want _ anything suspicious oe ra
A our report ` B.us to report
C that we will report’ Deus reporting "
12 You haẻ to study hard to, _ your classmates ons ~~ Adget in touch with B.-kéep pace with:
C catch sight of D look out for
Trang 3813 Mexico City, is the fastest growing city in the world, has a very 27 Given the present economic situation, it be best to wait before | large population
14 It is better to try to work
’ 15 The entrance exam is
cing further wage demands - - 7
Yas G:whose - :D.which | Avneeded B.ought —C might D should
rather than against nature: ` ` 28 The new teacher was | to the needs of all the children in her care
C by — D al ong — A.attentive B.observant _C.earnest D.careful
| Sart more difficult than the end-of-term test ~ “Thanks for the lovely gift, Huong.” TS - 161 Ws vey =
Coin _ by _—- _ƯƯẨÄ/lfsmypleasue B Yes, itis very expensive
= of y ‘you to bring y your umbrella today, ae ee ¿ es I myself like it veryn much, Dz And do you know its price? _ B sensitive » Œ senseless - D sensible 30 - ww? " 17 He's the only child in his family and so he can hardly enjoy " — Oh, no But there's still time They don’ t close until half past st four
.~ “Are we the only ones coming?”
- “T asked that Minh _-_._ here, too.”
= - the end of the book k, they get married and live happily ¢ ever y đe -20 The small,
A self-supported C self-supporting 21 It was not until 1856-
C brotherly D brotherhood A.-Do you go to the bank already 8, Are you going to the bank now Cc Have you gone to the bank Dz ‘Have you been to the bank yet er ` d the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the
C being D would be ect answer to each of the questions
Algae is a primitive form of life, a single-celled or - simple multiple-celled
SƠ To: oe =Ð Ất”
- B.,they supportedthemselves _ s or trees The various types of algae are classified according to pigm lent
1D supporting themselves lue-green algae, or Cyanophyta, can grow at very high temperatures and
across the Mississippi River = - r high-intensity light This is a microscopic type of algae, ‘and some species
A that the first bridge was built
B was the first bridge built ist of only one cell Blue-green algae is’ the oldest form of life with
C that the first bridge being built D the bri dge buil ding was | osynthetic capabilities, and fossilized‘remains of this type of algae more than 22 Wasn't it you yourself
A to have opened the door
C who left the door open _
23 Bitcher has |
illion years old have been found in parts of Africa
Green algae, or Chlorophyta, is generally found in fresh water It reproduces ie surfaces of enclosed bodies of water such as ponds or lakes and has the — D that should have left the door ‹ open arance of a fuzzy green coating on the water In large quantities, this type of
B to have left the " :
14 films and I think his latest is the best may reproduce enough to give a green color to an entire lake Bg conducted
a dictionary, you need to be able to understand the symbols : and abbreviations it it contains
25 The result of the English test is not
€, designed ——D, done - : srown algae, or Phaeophyta, grows in shallow, temperate water This type of -is the largest in size and is most recognizable as a type of seaweed; kelp is a of brown algae that has grown to lengths of up to 200 feet Its long stalks can nmeshed on the ocean floor, or it can float freely on-the ocean’s surface
ed algae, or Rhodophyta, is'a’small, delicate organism found in the deep 's of the subtropics, where it often grows with coral This type of algae has an =€, absolutely | —D very tial role in the formation of coral Teefs: it secretes lime from the seawater to
C.touse -D having used what I expected
26 The boss is busy ju just now ` think he will need _ time to answer your letter he formation of limestone deposits
C.lotsof = D plenty of - ng (Source: TOEFL Reading)
Trang 3931 What is the author’s main purpose? A To show what color algae i 1S
B To differentiate the various classifications of algae C To describe where algae i is found ;
D To clarify the appearance of the different types of algae 32 Which of the following is NOT true about algae?
A All types have only one cell " 8 It can be found out of water
C It can use photosynthesis
| D Iti is not a relatively new form of life 33 The word ‘ ‘pigment” in the passage means
‘A size B composition C shape —D.ecolor 34 The word “mieroseopie” ’ in the passage is closest in meaning to
A visual B mechanical C.tiny ©: — D bacterial
35 Algae remnants found’ in Africa a are SỐ ˆA, still flourishing oo B extremely old
°€, photogenic a ¬ D red in color -
36 Green algae is generally found _ `
A on the,ocean floor
B in fresh water | |
€ throughout ponds and lakes cả D surrounding enclosed bodies of water
._ 37 The word “coating” in the third paragraph could best be replaced by ‘A clothing ‘B warmth C covering _ DD, sweater
38 Brown algae would most likely be found _ _ '
A on trées | Si B ‘on rocks oO
 near green algae | ơ Dein the ocean
39 According fo the passage, red algae is si ce ‘A sturdy: eo ee oe” By fragile -
C huge ee DD found i in shallow water - 40 This passage would most probably be assigned reading i ina course on |
A chemistry B botany — C physics” D zoology A A 43 Compact A 50 A only 7A direction © B instruction’ “"C: attention > PD experiment!) °°" 49 A others mi
irk the letter A, -B, C or 5 to indicate the underlined part that needs orrection in each of the following questions
41 Would you feel thirsty, please help yourself to the drinks over there B - Co D 42 The teacher found a great deal of mistakes in his students’ writing B oo C D discs are affected neither by scratching and by dust | co AB v5 ể PB 4 Unless you don’t give up smoking yó rủn the risk of becoming quite iII -
45, Diamonds are graded according to weigh, colour, and cut |
l the he following passage and mark the letter A, B, Cc or D.to choose the word r phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks _
DO SMALLER CLASSES REALLY HELP? -
In an experiment in Canada; ten-year-old children \ were put in classes of four s:.16,.23,.30.and.37 children in (46) _.class Their teachers said that the - maller classes would result in more individual (47) and better marks,
wever, when the children were (48) , those i in the smaller classes didn’t et higher marks than (49) , excepfin mathematics Moreover, children i in
larger classes’ said they liked’ school G0) as ‘much pee -Perhaps the most surprising result was the difference between’ (51) = achers-éxpected and the actual results obtained: More than 90% of the teachers xpected the smaller classes to (52) _— _ well,
: ‘After teaching these smaller ‘classes, ‘over 80% of the teachers ‘thought ‘the 1 ils had done better (53)_ , according to the’ researchets, nothing of the
Ayo happened; Class: size seériied''to ‘make’ a: difference’ e only” to the ".éb anid in not to the'results they obtained
_ (69c “Longman Testi in Contexts” by J.B: Heaton) oa
: : B each’ Crone: 6 eee Đi either:
7 B, experimented’ C taught „ " cĩ 5 another - C the other, begs the others Sài a
Beso - C just D ‘also
Trang 40
-B how C these B do ~C test B Furthermore: C.-However | 51 A, what 52 A make 53 A Thus 54 A sort 55 A emotion D those -.Ð::obtam - ~.D Therefore D form : D attitudes B type C variety B performance C.tasks `
Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST i in meaning to
the underlined word(s) in ‘each oft the following questions
%6 Mature male dolphins can: ‘attain a length of I: 14 feet, weigh up ) to J 000 pounds and have a life expectancy of 20 to 25 years B reach | 57 When people a are angry, ‘they seldom act in a rational way B friendly 58 Experts: often forecast ‘an ‘upswing’ in an" “economy ro a Protracted slowdown
A exceed C develop D expect
A polite C reasonable D considerate
Ava decline " ~B an improvement
~ Ceinflation Dea reform : |
59 Mayan culture and its anifaew Ì ilhistrate the many mysteries surrounding
the progression oft the human race "
1 ` monument | B civilization € construction D excavation
60 What we know about certain diseases is still not sufficient to prevent them from spreading easily among the population,
_ Avenough: B important c efficient ,_Ð bmpspstlve, Read the following | passage and mark the letter A, 5, G or D fo indicate the correct ans er to each of the questions,
_ American, and British people both speak English, of course, but s sometimes it does not seem like::the same language :In -fact, -there AT€ - ‘some important | differences between British and American English
First of: all, they sound very different Often, Americans don’ t say all the letters in each word, especially consonants, like “f? and “d” For -example, Americans may say “I dunno” instead of 4 don’t, ;know”, or: they may, say “Whaddya say?” instead of “What | do you say?" However, the Bri tish usually pronouncé their Consonants carefully
82 ‘ 6B.:HD T ANH
Also, some letters have different sounds For example, Americans say the “a” class” like “a” in “cat”, but.the British say the “a” in “class” like the “a” in f° The “r” is sometimes said differently, too - When an American says armer”, you can usually hear the “r” But you can’t hear the + in British
glish The British say “fahmah” |
Sound is not the only difference between British English and ‘American iglish The two languages have different words for some things, For example, y wear “vests” under their shirts An American man wears a “tuxedo” to a very - cy party, but an Englishman wears a “dinner jacket” Americans: talk about ants” o “slacks”, but the British talk about “trousers”
Máng expressions are also different i in the two countries In England, if you going to telephone friends, you “ring them up” In America, ‘ ‘you give them a |” The British use the word “lovely” to describe _ Something they like
1ericans use the word “nice” or “great”
There are also some differences in grammar For example, Americans almost jays use the helping verb “do” with the verb-“haye” They might say,: “Do you - fe an extra pen?” The British often ask the question ‘a different way.? They
t say, “Have you got an extra pen?”
These differences can be confusing if you are learning English But there i isa son for the differences Languages change over time When the same language used in different places, it changes differently in each place ‘This is what pened to English It also happened to other languages, ‘such as French ‘Many ple in Canada speak French, but their French is different from the French ken in France
(Source: ‘Reading Power” Beatrice S Mikulecky & Linda Jeferies s Longman, New York)
1 This article is about A English vocabulary
B the way the British say words a C how American sounds are different-from British sounds D how American, English i is different from British b English 62 Compared to the British, Americans are usually —_
-, A more careful about saying consonants,
Buless careful about saying: consonants ~C easier to understand
D slower speakers