Mosaic 2 reading

MOSAIC – READING MOSAIC – READING Silver Edition Brenda Wegmann – Miki Knezevic AUTHORS’ ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We are pleased to be part of the McGraw-Hill team presenting this fifth silver edition of Mosaic which we feel is distinctive, with its greater development of reading strategies, critical thinking skills and interactive tasks promoting oral and written fluency We wish to thank Tina Carver and Erik Gundersen for their effective research which laid the foundation for this edition, and Erik in particular for his guidance and responsiveness throughout the process We are grateful to Pam Hartman for helpful advice and to our excellent editors: Mari Vargo who gave us a good start, Mary Sutton-Paul who assisted us in finishing up a significant part, Joe McVeigh who helped see the manuscript into the book We are also indebted to Anne Knezevic, for her expert ESL, advice and the contribution of excellent materials, Dennis McKernan and Andrew Jovanovic for their computer assistance, and to Dr Anne Fanning for recommending the speech of Wangari Maathai, used in Mosaic We would also like to thank Dr Larry Zwier for this superb contribution to the Focus on Testing segments and to Dr Jessica Wegmann-Sanchez for her creative ideas and technical assistance in designing activities and exercises Finally, we wish to express our deep appreciation of ESL/EFL teachers who spend countless hours teaching their students English a language of international communication Better communication leads to richer understanding of others lives and cultrues, and hopefully to a more peaceful co-existence Brenda Wegmann, Miki Prijic Knezevic Chapter 1: Language and learning In this chapter Why learn English? The first selection in this chapter argues that English is a universal language that people around the world use to communicate in a variety of different areas The second selection looks at the case of one particular nation, Mongolia, where the government is implementing an extensive national education program to make its residents bilingual in English, a move that has become popular in a number of countries “Whoever comes to learn, will always find a teacher” —German, anonymous Connecting to the Topic What is happening in the photo below? Why is good communication important for people with this job? What challenges are faced by people when they speak different languages? How can they communicate? What has been your own experience of learning English? How you think that people best learn languages? Part Reading skills and strategies English as a Universal Language Before you read Strategy Getting Meaning from word Structure and Context Getting Meaning from Word structure and Context Try to guess the meaning of new or unfamiliar words as you read To this, break them into smaller words, into prefixes and suffixes, or use clues from the context—the words that come before and after the new word Getting Meaning from Word Structure and Context Choose the best meaning for the italicized words in the following excerpts (parts) taken from the reading selection Use the hints about word structure and context to help you English as a Universal Language (Hint: This is the title, which often, but not always, relates to the main idea Break the word into its two parts: universe and the suffix -al, which simply makes an adjective of a noun, and think about their meanings.) a beautiful b difficult c global d political And several hundred million more [people] have some knowledge of English, which has official or semiofficial status in some 60 countries (Hint: Look at the words that come before and after and decide which option makes the most sense, considering the idea expressed in the title.) a existence (conthtion, usage, rank) b enjoyment c problems d rejection (hatred, dishke) Although there may be as many people speaking the various dialects of Chinese as there are English speakers, English is certainly more widespread geographically… (Hint: A comparison is being made between those who speak English and those who speak cUfferent dialects of Chinese.) a words b dialogs c list of rules d ways of speaking English is certainly more widespread geographically (Hint: Break this word into its two parts and think of what each one means.) a restricted b extended c regional d popular English is not replacing other languages; it is supplementing them (Hint: Think of the word supply, which starts out the way this word does Also, take note of the general idea of the article expressed in its title.) a proving its superiority over b taking the place of c being used in addition to d being used exclusively by English prevails in transportation and the media (Hint: Once again, consider the general idea of the article.) a exists b preserves c continues d predominates Maritime traffic uses flag and light signals, but “if vessels needed to communicate verbally, they would find a common language, which would probably be English…” (Hint: Notice the word vessels, which means ships.) a sea b air b ground c rail It is a foreign tongue for all six member nations (Hint: Consider that this word also refers to a part of the body.) a challenge b figure c trade d language Strategy Skimming for Main Ideas Skimming is a useful way to get an overview of a reading selection To skim, move your eyes quickly through the whole reading, making sure to look at titles, headings, and illustrations Do not stop for details or worry about words you don't understand Keep going like a fast-moving train from beginning to end Afterward, you will have a general idea of the contents Then you can read the selection again with better comprehension Skimming for Main Ideas Take two minutes and skim the reading below Then look at the list of themes below Put a check in front of the themes related to ideas that are discussed in the reading - How English is taught in different countries - Where English is taught - The use of English among young people - The use of English in literature and poetry - The use of English in business, science, and diplomacy - Comparisons of the use of English and the use of some other languages Read Introduction Is English truly a universal language, or will it be at some time in the near future? The following selection from the book Megatrends 2000 presents one opinion on this subject and supports the opinion with numerous details and statistics Answer the questions below Then read to see if you agree with the authors' opinion ■ Are you learning English because you think it is a universal language, or is there some other reason for you to learn it? ■ What uses does learning English have for people from your culture? English as a Universal Language A English is becoming the world’s first truly universal language It is the native language of some 400 million people in 12 countries That is a lot fewer than the 885 million people or so who speak Mandarin Chinese But another 400 million speak English as a second language And several hundred million more have some knowledge of English, which has official or semiofficial status in some 60 countries Although there may be as many people speaking the various dialects of Chinese as there are English speakers, English is certainly more widespread geographically, more genuinely universal than Chinese And its usage is growing at an extraordinaiy pace B Today there are about\l billion English speakers in the world, and the number is growing The world's most taught language, English is not replacing other languages; it is supplementing them: - More than two hundred and fifty million Chinese study English - In eighty-nine countries, English is either a common second language or widely studied - In Hong Kong, nine of every ten secondary school students study English - In France, state-run secondary schools require students to study four years of English or German; most—at least 85 percent—choose English - In Japan, secondary students are required to take six years of English before graduation Media and Transportation C English prevails in transportation and the media The travel and communication language of the international airwaves is English Pilots and air traffic controllers speak English at all international airports Maritime traffic uses flag and light signals, but “if vessels needed to communicate verbally, they would find a common language, which would probably be English,” says the U.S Coast Guard’s Werner Siems D Five of the largest broadcasters—CBS, NBC, ABC, the BBC, and the CBC —reach a potential audience of about 300 million people through English broadcast It is also the most popular language of satellite TV The Information Age E The language of the information age is English F More than 80 percent of all the information stored in the more than 100 million computers around the world is in English G Eighty-five percent of international telephone conversations are conducted in English, as are three-fourths of the world’s mail, telexes, and cables Computer program instructions and the software itself are often supplied only in English H German was once the language of science Today more than 80 percent of all scientific papers are published first in English Over half the world’s technical and scientific periodicals are in English, which is also the language of medicine, electronics, and space technology International Business I English is the language of international business J When a Japanese businessman strikes a deal anywhere in Europe, the chances are overwhelming that the negotiations were conducted in English K Manufactured goods indicate their country of origin in English: “Made in Germany,” not Fabriziert in Deutschland It is the language of choice in multinational corporations Datsun and Nissan write international memorandums in English As early as 1985, 80 percent of the Japanese Mitsui and Company’s employees could speak, read, and write English Toyota provides in-service English courses, English classes are held in Saudi Arabia for the ARAMCO workers and on three continents A English is the international language of business for Chase Manhattan Bank staff Diplomacy L English is replacing the dominant European languages of centuries past English has replaced French as the language of diplomacy; it is one of the official languages of international aid organizations such as Oxfam and Save the Children as well as of UNESCO, NATO, and the UN Lingua Franca M English serves as a common tongue in countries where people speak many different languages In India, nearly 200 different languages are spoken; only 30 percent speak the official language, Hindi When Rajiv Gandhi addressed the nation after his mother’s assassination, he spoke in English The European Free Trade Association works only in English even though it is a foreign tongue for all six member countries Official Language N English is the official or semiofficial language of 20 African countries, including Sierra Leone, Ghana, Nigeria, Liberia, and South Africa Students are instructed in English at Makerere University in Uganda, the University of Nairobi in Kenya, and the University of Dar es Salaam in Tanzania O English is the ecumenical language of the World Council of Churches, and one of the official languages of the Olympics and the Miss Universe competition Youth Culture P English is the language of international youth culture Young people worldwide listen to and sing popular songs in English often without fully understanding the lyrics “Break dance,” “rap music,” “bodybuilding,” “windsurfing,” and “computer hacking” are invading the slang of German youth Source: “English as a Universal Language” Often people learn English to understand the lyrics of Megatrends 2000 (Patricia Aburdene & popular music John Naisbitt) After You Read Strategy Scanning for Specific Information Scanning is different from skimming You skim for general ideas You scan for specific facts or details To scan, move your eyes quickly over the reading until you come to the specific piece of information that you want If you know that it is in the middle or toward the end of the reading, start there Do not be distracted by other items Concentrate When you find what you want, use it Then go to the next point Scanning for Specific Information: Statistics The selection supports its ideas with many and varied statistics from the time the article was written Scan for the following information and write it in the blanks the number of English speakers in the world:… the number of Chinese studying English: … the approximate number of computers in the world: … the percentage of scientific papers published first in English: … the number of different languages spoken in India: … the number of African countries in which English has official or semiofficial status: … Guided Academic Conversation shock snapped (a photo) sojourn spectacular striking summit poses sufficient summit terror throng using up precious ticks of the clock visibility Chapter annoyed approached authoritarianism clinging contemporary crave create dilemma diminished diminishing prospects disposed dreaded emigration faraway foster normal sex ratio phenomenon privacy prospects re-create resurrection sabotage sex-selective abortion significant socioeconomic classes stake status threshold troubling scenario weed out withdrawing Chapter all the buzz arched alcove aspiring actress banking too much on (something) bee-stung before-and-after photos benefited big influx of private capital bridge (of the nose) Caucasian celebrities concerted cool costliest crypt dome dominate draftsmen establishing ethnic export fervent gone under the knife gossip harmonious horror flicks idyllic image image-enhancing work incandescent inconsolable mausoleum media minarets mixed blessing Mogul design mosque nose jobs notable oblong octagonal prominent redefining (style) region retract sacred serene shimmering standard surgical makeover symmetric temporal tranquil trend tuned in worthy Chapter achievements commitments computer concreteness excessiveness exhausted exorbitant exquisite finally financial found (find) framework Herculean indefatigable inebriated inspecting marshy materialistic mundane nasty next of kin polluted pollution prosaic rejuvenated restrictions roam significance waste Chapter adequately at length bade (bid) bosom ceased convinced cooperate detected distinct effortlessly exceptional exclusive extraordinary fancy fashionable found hypothesis impressed insure intellectual skills in vain labors memorized novice rare-(describing meat) removed secure subordinate vex Chapter achievement art nouveau aspects Belgian broad human beings chiseled concluded crane cultural curly cut comers European exposure finally goals hard knocks industrial integrity in the short run (a) labor of love landmarks liberal mantel memorable monumental mythological occupied options pilgrimage raw brain power sense of integrity Sicilian traditional urns Victorian warehouse Chapter advocacy analyze benefit be routine conservation degradation desertification detection deterioration erosion go that route half dead (a) handful harassment (a) normal life span not (a procedure) to be taken lightly nutritious predict primarily rainfall researchers respond sequence sequenced spot started making sense take (her concerns) more seriously topsoil trigger a flood unsuitable vision worldwide Chapter achievements Anglo bilingual Chicanos citizenship civil civil rights clarify criticized disappointed discrimination embodied established ethnic exhibited faltered fascinated focus Hispanic ignored immigration immortalized inhabitants issues mechanization migrant perceived policy reject strike stunned tilling traditions translated unique Chapter 10 acknowledge bevy cement the relationship clenching conflicts context contrition cultural day-to-day situations dead (as in dead silent) demeanor disdainfully empathize equilibrium evidence grotesque his/her side of the story hobbling hunched inclined join their ranks lay the groundwork let bygones be bygones letting her down lies at the heart litigious magic bullets make amends massive philanthropic plebeian remorse resolve restore roughened schisms shuffling slaughter strategies swarmed takes a toll tottering would have fallen all over herself CONTENTS Chapter Language and Learning Chapter Danger and Daring Chapter Gender and Relationships Chapter Beauty and Aesthetics Chapter Transitions Chapter The Mind Chapter Working Chapter Breakthroughs Chapter Art and Entertainment Chapter 10 Conflict and Reconciliation -// MOSAIC – READING (Tủ sách tiếng Anh dành cho Sinh viên) Silver Edition Brenda Wegmann – Miki Knezevic Lawrence J Zwier: Contributor, Focus on Testing Pamela Hartmann: Reading Strand Leader NHÀ XUẤT BẢN McGRAW-HILL NHÀ XUẤT BẢN TỔNG HỢP TP.HCM In lần thứ nhất, số lượng 2.000 Khổ 20 x 25cm Tại Công Ty Cổ Phần In Khuyến Học Phía Nam Địa chỉ: 128/77 Trần Quốc Thảo, Q.3, TP.HCM GPXB số: 808-09/CXB/33-112/THTPHCM ngày 08/9/2009 In xong nộp lưu chiểu tháng 12/2009 ... comprehension 2 Skimming for Main Ideas Take two minutes and skim the reading below Then look at the list of themes below Put a check in front of the themes related to ideas that are discussed in the reading. .. for Main Ideas Skimming is a useful way to get an overview of a reading selection To skim, move your eyes quickly through the whole reading, making sure to look at titles, headings, and illustrations... your eyes quickly over the reading until you come to the specific piece of information that you want If you know that it is in the middle or toward the end of the reading, start there Do not