Mosaic a reading skills book i

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MOSAIC I A Reading Skills Book MOSAIC I A Reading Skills Book Brenda Wegmann RANDOM HOUSE Miki Prijic Knezevic NEW YORK This book was developed for Random House by Eirik B0rve, Inc First Edition 987654 Copyright © 1985 by Random House, Inc All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without permission in writing from the publisher All inquiries should be addressed to Random House, Inc., 201 East 50th Street, New York, N.Y 10022 Published in the United States by Random House, Inc., and simultaneously in Canada by Random House of Canada Limited, Toronto Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Wegmann, Brenda, 1941Mosaic I, an intermediate reader "Developed for Random House by Eirik B0rve, Inc." Includes index English language—Text-books for foreign speakers Readers-1950 I Knezevic, Miki, 1941II Eirik B0rve, Inc III Title IV Title: Mosaic one, an intermediate reader PE1128.W39 1985 428.6'4 85-1808 ISBN 0-394-33716-6 (pbk.) Manufactured in the United States of America ч Text design by Janet Bollow Cover design by Cheryl Carrington Cover photograph: Peter Menzel Technical art: Brenda Booth Cartoons unless otherwise noted: Jim M'Guinness Photo Research: Stuart Renter Production Coordination: Janet Bollow Associates Composition: Dharma Press ISBN: 394-33716-6 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Chapter 3-6 Alison R Lanier, Living in the U.S.A Reprinted by permission of the author © 1974 Punch/Rothco 11-44 Pierre Berton, My Country Used by permission of the Canadian publishers, McClelland and Steward Limited, Toronto, and the author 16-17 Andrew A Rooney, "In Praise of New York" in A Few Minutes with Andy Rooney Copyright © 1981 by Essay Productions, Inc Reprinted with the permission of Atheneum Publishers, Inc Chapter 21-24 Bill Cosby, "How to Read Faster." Reprinted by permission of International Paper Company 26-27 "Mark Twain." Reprinted with permisson from "Twain, Mark" in Encyclopaedia Britannica, 14th edition, © 1972 by Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc 30-33 Eric Jensen, You Can Succeed Reprinted with permission of Barren's Educational Series, Inc., © 1979 31 Illustrations, © 1979 by Charles McPherson Chapter 43^44 Excerpts from "Marital Tales of Two Cities." Copyright 1982 Time Inc All rights reserved Reprinted by permission from TIME 58-60 Ellen Goodman, Close to Home Copyright 1979 by The Washington Post Company Reprinted by permission of Simon & Shustcr, Inc 59 Charles Preston, Cartoons from The Wall Street Journal Chapter 68 Cartoon by Douglas Black well 68-72 "Modern Dental Care" adapted from a TIME magazine Special Advertising Section Copyright 1982 Time Incorporated 77-79 "Salt: A Crumbling Pillar" from "The Pervasive Threat to Health," by Jane Brody, July 11, 1979 Copyright © 1979 by the New York Times Company Reprinted by permission 83—87 From the section "The Cruel Winds," from Weather Language by Julius Fast Copyright © 1979 by Wyden Books Reprinted with permission of PEI Books, Inc Chapter 93-96 David Winder, "The Hamburger Revolution Captures Taste Buds and Wallets of the Third World." Reprinted by permission from The Christian Science Monitor © 1983 The Christian Science Publishing Society All rights reserved 100-102 Andrew A Rooney, "Who Owns What in America?"4in A Few Minutes with Andy Rooney Copyright© 1981 by Essay Productions, Inc Reprinted with the permission of Atheneum Publishers, Inc 102-108 "The Lunceon," from Cosmopolitans by W Somerset Maugham Copyright 1924 by W Somerset Maugham Reprinted by permission of Doubleday & Company, Inc., and the Executors of the Estate of W Somerset Maugham and William Heinemann Limited Chapter 113-117 "What is TV Doing to America?" Excerpted from U.S News & World Report, August 2, 1982 Copyright, 1982, U.S News & World Report, Inc 121-124 Abridged from pp 16-19 in Pele by Frangois Thebaud, Translated by Leo Weinstein Copyright © 1974 by Hatier Paris English translation Copyright © 1976 by Harper & Row, Publishers, Inc By permission of Harper & Row Publishers, Inc 126-130 From Rules of the Game by the Diagram Group Copyright © 1974 by Diagram Visual Information Published by Bantam Books, Inc All rights reserved Chapter 135-137 "New York Botanist Wins '83 Nobel Medical Prize," American Medical News, October 21, 1983 Reprinted by permission of American Medical News 140-143 "Guggenheim Museum" in Individual Creations by Flavio Conti, Rizzoli Editore, SpA 146-147 From Chaplin's Films by Uno Asplund Reprinted by permission of Oak Tree Publications, Inc 150 Elinor Wylie, "Velvet Shoes." Copyright 1921 by Alfred A Knopf, Inc., and renewed 1949 by William Rose Benet Reprinted from Collected Poems of Elinor Wylie, by Elinor Wylie, by permission of Alfred A Knopf, Inc Chapter 156-157 Excerpted from the Introduction to Our Urban Planet by Ellen Switzer Copyright © 1980 by Ellen Switzer Reprinted with the permission of Atheneum Publishers and Curtis Brown, Ltd 163-165 From Gun Control: A Discussion for Americans by Edward F Dolan Copyright © 1982 by Edward F Dolan Used by permission of Franklin Watts, Inc 169-172 "Two Views: How to Avert an Atomic War." Excerpted from U.S News & World Report, December 5, 1983 Copyright, 1983 U.S News & World Report, Inc Chapter 179-181 Kevin McKean, "Hothouse Earth." © DISCOVER Magaine 1984, Time Inc 185 Turhan/Istanbul, Best Cartoons of the World II, Atlas World Press Review 187-190 Edward Wilson et al., Life on Earth, 2nd Edition (1978) Reprinted by permission of Sinauer Associates, Inc 192-194 "Man's Monumental Abuse of World Landmarks." Reprinted from U.S News & World Report issue of March 21, 1983 Copyright, 1983, U.S News & World Report, Inc Chapter 10 197-200 John Friedl, The Human Portrait: Introduction to Cultural Anthropology, © 1981, pp 98-100 Reprinted by permission of Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey 204-207 Ernest Hemingway, "A Clean Well-Lighted Place" from Winner Take Nothing Copyright 1933 Charles Scribner's Sons; renewal copyright © 1961 Mary Hemingway Reprinted by permission of Charles Scribner's Sons 210 Edwin Arlington Robinson, "Richard Cory" in The Collected Poems of Edwin Arlington Robinson Reprinted with the permission of The Scribner Book Companies, Inc Chapter 11 215-217 "Computers for the Masses: The Revolution Is Jusl Beginning." Reprinted from U.S News & World Report issue of December 27, 1982-January 3, 1983 Copyright, 1983, U.S News & World Report, Inc 219 Copyright 1982 Time Inc All rights reserved Reprinted by permission from TIME 221-226 From Laser: Supertools of the 1980s by Jeff Hecht and Dick Teresi Copyright © 1982 by Jeff Hecht and Dick Teresi Reprinted by permission of Ticknor & Fields and Houghton Miffiin Company 227-231 "How Sputnik Turned the World Upside Down." Reprinted from U.S News & World Report issue of October 4, 1982 Copyright, 1982, U.S News & World Report, Inc 228 Franklin /The Sun/London, Best Cartoon of the World II, Atlas World Press Review Chapter 12 236 Bertrand Russell, Autobiography of Berlrand Russell, George Allen & U n w i n (Publishers) Ltd 238-240 Willie Morris, Terrains of the Heart, Yoknpalawpha Press 241-242 Yevgeny Yevtushenko, "People." From Yevtushenko: Selected Poems, trans Robin Milner-Gulland and Peter Levi (Penguin Modern European Poets, 1962) pp 85-86 Copyright €> Robin Milner-Gulland and Peter Levi, 1962 Reprinted by permission of Penguin Books Ltd 242 Ono no Komachi in An Introduction to Japanese Court Poetry by Earl Miner, with translations by the author and Robert H Brower Reprinted with the permission of the publishers, Stanford University Press 1968 by the Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University 242 "Birthplace" from Selected Poems by Paavo Haaviko, translated by Anselm Hollo, Cape Goliard Press Selected Poems is distributed in the U.S by Grossman Publishers 243 Maya Angelou, "Caged Bird." From Shaker, Why Don't You Sing? by Maya Angelou Copyright © 1983 by Maya Angelou Reprinted by permission of Random House, Inc 246-248 John F Kennedy Inaugural Speech in President John F Kennedy: To Turn the Tide, John W Gardner, Ed Reprinted by permission of Harper & Row, Publishers, Inc 249-261 Margaret Craven, "Susana and the Shepherd." Reprinted by permission of the author PHOTO CREDITS Charlotte Brooks, Monkmeyer 13 © Helena Kolda, Photo Researchers 16 © George W Gardner, Stock, Boston 19 © Barbara Alper, Stock, Boston 21, 22, 24 Courtesy of International Paper Company 27 Bettmann Archive 41 Peter Menzel 43 © Hanna Schreiber, Photo Researchers 65 © Giles Peress, Magnum 84 Peter Menzel 91 Ray Ellis © 1983, Photo Researchers 94 Photo by R Norman Mathenly, Christian Science Monitor, June 23, 1983.104 Mary Evans Picture Library, Photo Researchers 101 © Charles Harbutt, Archive Ill © Henri Cartier-Bresson, Magnum 113 Peter Menzel 122 AP/Wide World 127 Peter Menzel 128 © Christopher W Morrow, Stock, Boston 129 © Anestis Diakopoulos, Stock, Boston 133 © Peter Vandermark, Stock, Boston 134 UPI/Bettmann Archive 136 Photographer A C Barrington Brown From J D Watson, The Double Helix, Atheneum, New York, 1968, p 215 © 1968 by J D Watson 141 (top) © Dick Hanley, Photo Researchers; (bottom) © Paolo Koch, Photo Researchers 156 (left) ©Barbara Alper, Stock, Boston; (right) © Don Morgan, Photo Researchers 177 Peter Menzel 187 © Jen and Des Bartlett, Photo Researchers 192 © Jim Hubbard, Photo Researchers 193 © George Holton, Photo Researchers 195 © Gary Sol Wolinsky, Stock, Boston 199 © (top) J Berndt, Stock, Boston; (bottom) Leonard McCombe, Life Magazine © 1955, Time, Inc 202 Martin J Dain, Magnum 213 Peter Menzel 215 © Jean-Claude Lejeune, Stock, Boston 222; 225 UPI/Bettmann 229 NASA photo 233 Taurus Photos 238 © Suzanne S/.asz, Photo Researchers 242 Bettmann Archive 243 Bettmann Archive 243 © Bill Price, Photo Researchers 247 UPI/Bettmann 249 © Henri Carrier-Bresson, Magnum VI CONTENTS Preface xiii CHAPTER NEW CHALLENGES Selection One: Customs Vary with Cultures, Allison Raymond Lanier Selection Two: My Country, Pierre Berton Selection Three: In Praise of New York City, Andy Rooney CHAPTER ACADEMIC LIFE Selection One: How to Read Faster, Bill Cosby Timed Reading: Mark Twain Selection Two: How to Take Tests: Scoring What You're Worth, Eric Jensen 10 15 19 20 26 28 vii CHAPTER THE FAMILY Selection One: The Changing American Family Selection Two: The Ways and Means of Long Distance Marriages, John Leo Selection Three: The Making of a Father, Ellen Goodman CHAPTER HEALTH Selection One: Dental Health, American Dental Association Timed Reading: The Dentist as Detective Selection Two: Salt: A Crumbling Pillar, Jane Brody Selection Three: The Cruel Winds, Julius Fast CHAPTER MONEY MATTERS 41 42 48 56 65 66 73 75 82 91 Selection One: The Hamburger Revolution Captures Taste Buds and Wallets of the Third World, David Winder 92 Timed Reading: Who Owns What in America?, Andy Rooney 100 Selection Two: The Luncheon, W Somerset Maugham 102 viii CONTENTS CHAPTER LEISURE TIME 111 Selection One: What Is t.v Doing to America?, James Mann Selection Two: Unanimously Acclaimed, Francois Thebaud Timed Reading: Soccer and American Football 126 CHAPTER CREATIVITY 133 Selection One: New York Botanist Wins '83 Nobel Medical Prize Selection Two: Guggenheim Museum U.S.A., Flavio Conti Timed Reading: Charlie Chaplin, Creator of Comedy, Uno Asplund Selection Three: Are Men More Creative Than Women?, Margaret Mead Selection Four: Velvet Shoes, Elinor Wylie 112 120 134 139 146 148 149 CHAPTER CHOICES Selection One: I Love Cities, Ellen Switzer Selection Two: Gun Control, Edward F Dolan, Jr Selection Three: Two Views: How to Avert an Atomic War 153 154 161 166 ix CHAPTER THE PHYSICAL WORLD Selection One: Hothouse Earth, Kevin McKean Selection Two: Migration and Homing Timed Reading: Man's Monumental Abuse of World Landmarks CHAPTER 10 HUMAN BEHAVIOR Selection One: Ethnocentrism, John Friedl Selection Two: A Clean Well-Lighted Place, Ernest Hemingway Selection Three: Richard Cory, Edwin Arlington Robinson CHAPTER 11 TECHNOLOGY Selection One: Computers for the Masses, Judith B Gardner Selection Two: Laser: Supertool of the 1980s, Jeff Hecht and Dick Teresi Timed Reading: Exploring Space 177 178 186 192 195 196 202 209 213 214 220 227 Why you think that Kennedy's ideas were very popular with the young people of his time? In 1961, Kennedy created the U.S Peace Corps, an organization that sends Americans to countries in the developing world to work for two-year periods In your opinion, is this a good idea or not? Explain SELECTION SIX Margaret Craven SELECTION SIX SUSANA AND THE SHEPHERD Margaret Craven was born in Helena, Montana, and received her college degree from Stanford University She is a former journalist and has written many short stories about life in western United States and in Canada as well as in the novel I Heard the Owl Call My Name This short story discusses the loneliness and dreams of a young Basque shepherd in his early days in America Susana and the Shepherd All the passengers on the big transcontinental plane were interested in the young Basque who occupied the rear seat He was a good-looking lad with his dark eyes and his proud, inscrutable face, 249 tagged on the jacket with a check badge like a piece of luqqage because he couldn't speak an English word "He's a sheepherder from the Spanish Pyrenees," the stewardess replied to an inguiry "The California Range Association is flying over many of them Usually three or four come together He's the first to come alone." Several of the passengers tried to be friendly, but the young Basgue only stared at them, too bewildered and confused to smile, and finally a sure blonde, who had traveled in Spain, said she'd draw him out She'd toss a little Spanish at him She'd just go over and sit on the arm of his chair and give him the good old American bienvenida So she did it, and the young Basque fixed upon her a pair of scornful, suspicious eyes and ignored her "You know what I think?" said the defeated blonde to the stewardess "I think his mother warned him to have nothing to with American women They'd eat him alive." And she was wrong; it was his grandmother who had warned him "Oh, he's a strange one," the stewardess told the navigator "They're all silent, but this one wouldn't even talk if he knew how I hope somebody meets him in San Francisco I have strict orders not to turn him loose unless he's met." The navigator was wiser "He's from some small village, probably," he said "Never seen a big city Never been in a plane If he's afraid, it's the kind of fear only the brave know Otherwise he wouldn't be crossing an ocean and a continent to herd sheep for a stranger in a land he doesn't know Let him alone He's a kid with a dream." And after that, across the plains and the mountains, the boy sat undisturbed, holding his dream, and his was the old dream many Basgue boys have held in their hearts Their land was not big or rich enough to support all By custom, a family's land was left to the eldest son The younger sons, therefore, must emigrate; their only hope of keeping the land they loved was to leave it—and come back rich It was possible From his own village in the Valle de Arce in the province of Navarra several had done it Felipe Lacabe had done it He had herded sheep for six years in a place called Nevada In all that time he had learned no more than fifty English words, and been to town twice, and spent not one coin on drink, smokes, and girls He had come back with twelve thousand dollars—a fabulous fortune—and he had bought himself a band of fine sheep and married the prettiest girl in Uriz Many had come back, and more had not Whenever American tourists came to the remove villages of the Pyrenees some Basque father, prodded by his wife, said slowly, "If you have been to California, is it possible you know our son, Bonifacio?" or Fermin Or Esteban But they never did CHAPTER 12 250 He, Juan Varra, was going to be one of the lucky ones He had made up his mind The American consul at Bilbao before whom he had appeared for his sheepherder's examination had praised him The doctor who had given him his physical had spoken of his strength And while he had waited the long months for the completion of his papers, the priest had strengthened him No Basque had ever been remembered for his words, the priest had said Only for deeds and for courage And if the ignorant thought he had a mist in his head like the mists of the mountains he loved, what of it? The thing to was to be strong Yet when it was almost time to land the boy found it hard to be strong He reminded himself that an unknown americano had paid seven hundred and eleven dollars and ten cents for his passage, sight unseen, and why? Because he knew—as who does not?—that for two thousand years the Basques have been famous for their skill with sheep He thought hard on abuelita, his grandmother How confidently she had smiled at him as she had prepared his favorite omelet for his last supper at home With no teeth, she had looked like a little old baby, and he vowed now that with his first wages he would send her enough money to buy a set of shiny white store teeth, so she could walk through the village, head high and smiling Also he thought of his little brother, who had begged to come along, who must emigrate, too, when he was older He must set him an example He must not fail Then the plane landed The passengers began to file out slowly He followed them Surely El Cid, the bravest knight in all Christendom, never went forth to battle more staunchly than Juan Varra left that plane, the little stewardess at his heels, praying fervently somebody would meet him and ready to grab his jacket tails if no one did He was the first to pass the gate, and as he stepped through he saw the most beautiful sight possible to any Basque far from home He saw another Basque He saw a browned face, no longer young, which was smiling and showing some splendid gold teeth And the voice was speaking his own dialect and it said, "Welcome, Juan Varra, and are the girls still as pretty in Navarra?" And this was Ancelito, thirty years from home and as much of a Basque as ever Ancelito collected his luggage and led him to the pickup truck When they had left the confusion of the city, and were driving through the great wide green Sacramento Valley, Ancelito dropped pleasantries and began to speak so slowly and seriously in Spanish that the boy knew he must remember every word Now in early May the altilaria was already dry The corkscrew spirals on the wild grass that can work their way into the sheep's hides had already formed It was vital, therefore, that the sheep be moved at SELECTION SIX 251 CHAPTER 12 once from the low range Separated into bands, sheared, and branded, they had been driven to a central campsite, the trailer houses of the herders accompanying them At the campsite, freight cars waited The rich americano who owned the sheep had rented a whole train, and this very moment he was supervising the loading of the sheep bands into the cars Tonight the train would carry the sheep across the great mountains into Nevada, where the long summer drive would begin at dawn Usually, said Ancelito, a youngster from the homeland was kept on the valley ranch for several weeks to accustom him to the strange American ways But now they were desperate for herders Last year they had lost two older men from heart attacks The camp tender had found them at eight thousand feet, stiff in their blankets It would be necessary for Juan Varra to go with them to Nevada and to start out at dawn with a band of two thousand sheep Every other day a camp tender would bring him supplies and tell him where to find water He would have a burro, of course, and a dog which Ancelito, himself, had trained "There is nothing to fear," Ancelito told him gravely "The dog will know what you not." The boy said with dignity, "I have no fear." Ancelito questioned him carefully, and in response the boy told him, shyly and briefly, a little of his dream After four hours' driving, they came at last to the campsite In the trailer house Juan Varra ate a quick meal while Ancelito checked the clothes and the bedding he'd need Then it was time to go, and they walked together through the dark to the train "You will go in the caboose," said Ancelito "You will sleep better and tomorrow you will need that sleep I will go by truck with the others, and I will see you at daybreak." Once, at night in his bunk, the boy woke and felt the train moving under him and the cold air on his cheek, and he could hear the hard pull of the engine, and knew they were crossing the mountains When he woke again, it was to the smell of coffee and the touch of a trainman's hand on his shoulder He put on his shoes and his jacket and drank two cups of coffee When he left the caboose, he stepped out into the clear dawn and such a sight as he had never seen Already the sheep were being spilled out into the sage, each band at a time, its loaded burro, herder, and dog waiting to drive it away Because he was new, his band was the last Then it, too, was spilled into the sage, and his burro and dog and a sheep tender drove the band away from the tracks as Ancelito motioned him to wait The train moved on, the boy waiting by the truck while Ancelito 252 talked earnestly to the americano who owned the sheep, and though they spoke English and the boy could not understand a word, he knew the americano was worried "Andy, I'm scared to death to send him out Can he it?" "Yes He's used to hardship He is not an American boy He does not put his manhood in a car that can go ninety miles an hour It is in himself." "I know He'll have the inbred willingness to endure." "He has something else He has a dream." "All right Let him go." Then Ancelito gave the boy his directions and told him where he would find water The owner shook his hand Juan ran into the sage and took the crook from the tender and he gave the old signal to the dog with a lift of his hand and he was off and on his own He did not permit himself to look back for some moments When he did so, it was as if the truck, the men, and other bands of sheep had ever existed, so quickly had the land taken them And it was unlike any land he had ever seen, and vaster than any he had ever imagined The sage and the green buckbrush stretched as endlessly as eternity, broken only by a few small yellow sunflowers and a very occasional pine No friendly villages No small white houses with cheerful red-tiled roofs Nothing but mountains which did not stand up proudly as mountains should, but lay rolling beneath his old high shoes He could scarely bear to look at the sheep, so great was his disappointment How ugly they were with their strange snub-nosed faces The factory-made crook was awkward to his hand, and so long that he was sure he would never be able to trip a ewe neatly by the hind leg Even the motley-colored Australian shepherd was unlike any dog he had known But the burro was the same It trudged along with the sheep, carrying his supplies, topped by his big square bedroll And the sheep baaed like sheep The lambs frolicked like the lambs at home And the dog let the sheep scatter only so far, rounding in the strays, circling watchfully He counted the black sheep—the markers—carefully There were twenty-one He counted the bellwethers At the nooning-up he would unpack the burro, check his supplies and repack in his own precise way He would make a fire and set a pot of beans to simmer, and cook himself a meal of ham and eggs And this night when the coyotes yapped and the dog answered them, prowling the bed grounds, thoughts of home would creep to his little tent and he would begin SELECTION SIX CHAPTER 12 the long battle against loneliness And he swore now, by all the lady saints and the gentlemen saints in the entire heaven, that he would fight it each night until he won It took him six weeks He had no calendar and no watch, and he needed neither Each day followed the familiar pattern He was up before daylight, building his fire beneath the heavy U-shaped iron, brewing his coffee When the burro was packed, the daily trek began, the sheep scattering over a mile, the boy following, his beat-up 30.30 in a sling on his back, the dog circling, alert to every sound of his voice, every movement of his hands Each nooning-up Juan cooked his meal while the sheep lay in the sage, chewing their cud And every other day the sheep tender came bumping through the buckbrush in his four-wheel-drive truck, bringing fresh meat and food, even water if necessary, and an eight-pound round loaf of white Basque bread which he had baked in a long pit The sheep tender was a Basque also, but he had been too long alone He had lost his dream He could not talk easily to anyone, and when he spoke, it was always of some cafe called Estrellita or Espanola in some valley town where he could fill himself up on red wine, poured from a goatskin, and eat prodigiously Sometimes on the rainy nights when the coyotes cried like women, the boy was so homesick for his land and his people that it was an agony within him, and he rose shaken and white He dreamed one night of his abuelita, smiling and showing her toothless gums, and when he awoke, his cheeks were wet, and though never for an instant did he admit it was from anything but rain leaking in the tent, after that he felt better Gradually the sheep did not seem quite so snub-nosed and ugly They became the familiar sheep He knew them, and a few too well—especially the cantankerous ewe with the twin lambs which he called "La Bruja," the witch He grew fond of his burro, and he loved the dog as deeply as a man can love a friend Then the six weeks were over, and with his band he took the old trail toward the higher mountains, the little burro leading the way because it knew it well They reached the river, followed and forded it into the great national forest, traveling twenty miles in three days into the juniper range They were in the juniper forest a week, working their way up to the ponderosa and the sugar pine, and here the boy's loneliness left him Often he saw deer browsing at dawn and dusk; a doe keeping herself carefully between him and her fawn Once, in the early evening when the sheep had settled for the night, he came on a mother bear, scolding, slapping, and cuffing her two cubs to hurry them out of his way Even the birds were a delight, the mountain bluebirds and jays, and sapsuckers and the black and yellow orioles Here he was no longer a boy far from home He was a Basque herder at his best, responsible and resourceful, like a soldier at some lonely outpost The tender's truck could not follow them now The americano who owned the sheep had established two cabins at seventy-five hundred feet from which several tenders took supplies to the various sheep bands by pack mule And when Juan saw Ancelito riding through the trees leading a mule he laughed aloud, startled by the sound of his own voice The mule was a walking grocery, its pack bags heavy with flour sacks, each fat with supplies Then for the first time Juan Varra was afraid He was so afraid he wanted to bolt like La Bruja, the witch ewe On the mule bringing up the rear was a girl Ancelito dismounted Had it gone well? Yes Had he been lonely? No—perhaps a very little at first And as he spoke not once did the boy glance at the girl It was only Susana, said Ancelito; and she was his daughter, come to the cabins for a few days, as he had promised her She was quite harmless As women go, she was no trouble She would get the noon meal while they unpacked the supplies And she did While the boy and Ancelito unpacked the supplies and discussed the best sites for the bed grounds and the danger of bears, Juan could hear the girl moving at the fire When the meal was ready and they sat down for slabs of jack cheese, ham and eggs, fresh bread and coffee, he was forced to look at her Her feet were as big as a boy's Her legs were encased in thick blue cotton pants like a boy's Her top half was submerged in a shirt like a boy's Her hair was drawn tight to the back of her head, and in a thick brush, suitable only for a horse's tail Furthermore, she did not look up at him from under her lashes and touch him with the briefest of cool, sweet glances to tell him she saw every single thing about him and found it good She looked straight at him, and boldly, as one boy takes the measure of another He did not direct to her one word When the meal was over and Ancelito and his daughter were mounted and leaving, he cast an "adios" into the air, which she could take to include her if she wished "Is he alive?" Susana asked her father, when the mules had started "Is he stupid?" "No He is silent He is Basque I am Basque." "When you came to this country you were not like that." "I was exactly like that He is afraid of you But not worry I have told him you are harmless." SELECTION SIX CHAPTER 12 "Father, you didn't." "But certainly It would you no good to make eyes at this one He has a dream He will save his money He will go back to his village a millionario and will marry the most beautiful girl in all Navarra Now, if you were as wise as your mother—" "Papacito," said Susana slowly, "are the girls so pretty in Navarra?" And Ancelito smiled at her and said, "Beyond description." The voices carried back to the boy in the high clear air, and though they were in English, he did not miss the scorn in the girl's voice That night among the supplies he found that Ancelito had left him a beginner's Spanish-English reader Love may need no words, but resentment can use several The next day Juan Varra opened the first crack in the dark tomb in which he was determined to bury himself for six years He began to learn to read English Two days later, when the grocery mule came through the trees, the boy put on his most proud and silent Basque face, lest the girl think he was glad to see her But it was not Ancelito and Susana who followed the mule It was the dull camp tender who had lost his dreams Juan did not admit his disappointment He had no time to think of girls The bears were troublesome One old killer bear followed the sheep band, killing a ewe each night, and the boy tracked him and shot him In all, he killed four bears In July the rams were brought in, and in August all the sheep band were driven to a mountain valley where the ewes were culled, the lambs separated into the fats and the feeders On the way back to the high range with his reassembled band, Juan passed his first campers, and they were friendly A little boy chased the lambs and couldn't catch them The father gave him cigarettes, and the wife smiled at him and made him a present of a kitten After that, the cat followed along with the sheep, and though Juan told himself he kept her only to keep the chipmunks from his food, he carried her under his jacket in the thunderstorms, and let her sleep at the foot of his bedroll Then, in October, the long drive was done The sheep were carried by two- and three-decker trucks from the mountains to the low delta to browse on the corn stubble; the burrow was left behind, a cook wagon carried supplies Just before Christmas the bands were driven to the home ranch to wait for the lambing, and it was here, in a neat white house, that Ancelito, the foreman, lived with Susana The boy did not ask for her "Am I rich yet?" he asked Ancelito anxiously "In this country you are poor as a thin mouse," said Ancelito "But at home already you can buy the finest house in the village." It was Ancelito who helped him send money to his abuelita for the store teeth and presents for the family It was Ancelito who brought from town the clothes he needed After that, he spent nothing, and each month the americano who owned the sheep deposited his wages in a savings account in his name When, at Christmas, the other herders left the trailer houses and drove to town for a fine binge, he did not go And when he was working with the sheep near the white house and saw something soft and obviously feminine fluttering on the clothesline in the rear, he looked the other way, so tight was the dream still within him Right after Christmas the drop band was collected in a big open field and lambing began Four hundred lambs were born each night, the boy working out in the cold, helping the young ewes that were having trouble with their firstborn, turning the lambs One morning the americano was helping put each ewe and her new lamb into a portable chiquero, or pen, so she would claim her lamb, and he watched the boy work "He is wonderful," he said "He will save twenty-five per cent more lambs Andy, we must keep this one." "I have thought of it," said Ancelito The last night of the lambing, through no fault of his own, the boy lost two little lambs, and this, to a Basque herder, is not cause for sadness, but for heartbreak Ancelito took him to the white house for food and comfort, and there in the warm kitchen waited Susana Gone were the boy's shoes, the pants, and the horse's tail She was as shy as a forest creature and as sweet as any young girl in Navarra on her saint's day She was the daughter of a Basque and she, too, could be silent She placed the coffee pot before them without a word, and plates of ham and eggs Then she left them, turning at the door "I am so sorry, Juan," and for an instant her glance touched his cheek and was gone He did not see her again, because this was the busy time Lamb tails to be docked New sheep bands to be formed The ewes to be sheared and branded, and the winter was gone, and May here again, and the sheep drive to the campsite to go by train to Nevada And the first year was over, and the cycle began again Now repetition had replaced newness, making the second year even lonelier than the first In the buckbrush, loneliness became an entity, pressing constantly upon him The boy talked aloud sometimes to the cat and the burro The dog, of course, was his abiding friend Rarely the camp tender brought him letters from home Those from SELECTION SIX CHAPTER 12 his abuelita and his little brother were the same They loved him; they missed him But the letter from his eldest brother, who was head ot the family, held a new tone How fortunate Juan was to be in that land where everyone was rich and all was easy How hard it was to be the one who was left behind Oh, he must not stay away too long If he worked harder and was given a raise—if he saved all beyond the barest necessities, perhaps five years would be enough or even four In the juniper forest one June day he heard a strange little whimpering, crying sound, and came on a lone fawn He longed to make a pet of it, to keep it with him, as the herders did sometimes But he could not bear to take it from its mother, to teach it to be unafraid of man, to notch its ear so that when some hunter shot it he would know that once it had had too good a friend in man It reminded him of the girl Then again he had driven the sheep band into the ponderosa and sugar pines of the high ranges, and he was home in the mountains When the grocery mule came through the trees, Ancelito was with it, but not Susana This time the boy asked for her "And how is your daughter?" he asked formally, and Ancelito said she was well She was going to school this summer She was educating her head "It is that she does not wish a husband?" the boy asked slowly, and Ancelito said that, like all girls, she hoped to find one But in this country it was the custom for many girls to help their husband get started Suppose Susana should marry a man who wished to own a sheep band of his very own What a fine thing if she could help him Did Juan know that the sheepman chosen as the year's best in all California was the son of a Basque whose father had come first as a herder? No doubt his wife had helped him, as his mother had helped his father It was one of the strange American ways Several times this year the forest ranger came by at nooning-up and shared his meal And once a party of mountaineers coming out from a climb passed by and hailed him He had picked up enough English to say a few words now, but he was alone so much that the sound of a voice always startled him and filled him with uneasiness, because it broke the quiet monotony in which he lived Then at last it was fall and he and the sheep were back on the delta, working their way toward the home ranch "How rich am I now?" he asked Ancelito, who took out his pencil for a bit of figuring and replied gravely, "In this country you have a modest savings, but in Navarra you are a man of some means All your relatives are trying to borrow money." When the sheep band neared the home ranch, the boy watched eagerly for Susana to come home for the holidays from the school she attended, forty miles distant And one afternoon just before Christmas, while he was working in the big field where the drop band was to be collected for the lambing, he saw her arrive, and the sight filled him with horror There was a loud and sudden roar, and into the ranch road from the highway bounced a small, open, ancient and rattletrap car, Susana at the wheel, her legs in jeans, her hair streaming behind her in a horse-tail "She goes back and forth to school this way," said Ancelito calmly "Scares the sheep It is amazing what an americana will to educate her head and get ready to help her husband." It was cold during this year's lambing, and again Juan worked each night in the big open field with the ewes, and late one night twin lambs lost their mother, arriving in this world so weak that in the morning he and Ancelito carried them to the house and bedded them in the warmth of the kitchen stove When the boy had finished working with the lambs and stood up, ready to return to the field, he saw that Susana was watching him quietly, sweet and feminine as she had been when she had prepared breakfast the year before "You had a good year, Juan?" she asked in Spanish "Si." "You were lonely?" "A Basque is never lonely." "See, papacito, he is afraid of me." "I am afraid of no one." "He is afraid of me He is like the others He learns nothing He gives nothing All he sees in this country is money All he wants is to grab He is stupid, papacito He is more stupid than the sheep." The boy followed Ancelito back to the field "She likes you," said Ancelito complacently "If she did not like you, she would not be so furiosa." One day from the fields Juan saw the little rattletrap car take off down the road, and he knew Susana had gone back to school He put her resolutely from his mind, and the months slipped by until the sheep bands were driven to the campsite and the second year was done The third year was as like the second as the second had been like the first The loneliness and the constant movement of the sheep The noonings-up and the bedding-down, and the watchful eye that never forgot to count the bellwethers and the black sheep The SELECTION SIX CHAPTER 12 coyotes yapping in the night, and the bears coming in the night, and the cat, the dog, and the burro Only the details differed, and the girl's scornful words, and the thought of the girl was constantly in his mind In October, two days before the sheep bands were to leave the mountains, an early blizzard caught them; the snow falling so fast and heavily that they could not be driven out in time The boy built a fire of green wood, so much smoke would rise to guide the camp tender, and Ancelito saw it and came with horses and men to trample and pack the snow so the sheep could move "Am I rich now?" Juan asked, sitting beside Ancelito in the truck on their way down to the delta "You are not quite a millionario," said Ancelito "You have a little more than five thousand dollars In your village it would be a very large sum," and he spoke sadly "My work has not been good?" asked the boy "The americano is not satisfied?" "He is much pleased This morning when the sheep were safe from the blizzard, I called Susana to tell him She says there are many letters for you When a Basque family takes thus to the pen, the news must be bad." They rode in silence, not to the corn stubble this time, but to the white house, and when they went into the kitchen, Susana handed his letters to the boy, her eyes big and worried They left him to read them alone, and when they returned to the kitchen, he was sitting quietly, the letters spread on the table before him, his face stricken He did not look up "My abuelita is dead," he said, and when Ancelito tried to comfort him, he made no response, and when Susana set hot coffee before him, he did not thank her He was silent as only a Basque can be silent "Shall I tell you what is wrong?" asked Ancelito "Shall I tell you how I know?" The boy did not answer "When I came to this country," said Ancelito, "I spent ten years alone with the sheep I had a dream also I thought only of my people and the day I would return to them When I did so, I could not stand it I had forgotten such poverty Things were bad in my village Everyone was poor and I was rich, and between us was a wall of jealousy I could not tear down or climb over." The boy did not look up "Have you not seen the wall in these letters? Is not your elder brother already resentful? Does he not complain bitterly of your good fortune?" The boy was silent "I bought my parents the finest house in the village! I paid sixty American dollars for it I gave them money to care for them, and I came back here where I shall never be rich It is a friendly country This is what matters." "Papacito, it is useless!" cried Susana "He is so stupid! Can you believe it? He does not know we love him of truth He does not know you feel to him as a man to his own son Let him save and go back Let him be rich and miserable Let him marry the most beautiful girl in all of Navarra What I care?" And she sat down at the table and began to cry as only a Basque girl can cry—loud and furiously Then the boy looked up "Is it possible to bring my little brother to this country?" he asked slowly "It would take time, but it is possible He could live with us He could go to school Susana could teach him to speak English." "Is it possible Susana could teach me also? Could she teach me to tell her in English that in the mountains when I am alone with the sheep I not think of any girl in Navarra? I think of her." "This she would gladly." "Then if I have lost my dream, I can replace it with another And if I not return, it is nothing I am a Basque," said the boy proudly, "and a Basque cannot lose his homeland, because he takes it with him always." SELECTION SIX Margaret Craven Recalling Information Choose the phrase that best answers the question about the story What was the attitude of the other passengers on the plane toward Juan Varra? a They were afraid of him because he seemed so proud and silent b They were friendly and interested in him and wanted to draw him out c They disliked him and looked down on him for being poor and ignorant Why did so many Basque boys leave their homeland? a Because they longed for travel and adventure b Because they wanted to keep the land they loved c Because they needed money for drinks, smokes, and girls According to tradition, what were Basques especially known for? 261 a their excellence in speaking b their courage and actions c their physical strength CHAPTER 12 The two people Juan missed and thought about the most were his abuelita and: a the village priest b El Cid c his little brother Who was Ancelito? a a Basque who had left home long ago b a rich americano who owned sheep c a camp tender who brought supplies Why did Juan have to start work right away? a Because two of the herders had died recently b Because it was the custom to start boys immediately c Because the law did not permit rest periods At first, what did Juan think of the sheep that were given to him? a They were the most beautiful he had ever seen b They were just like the sheep back in Spain c They were ugly and different from those he knew Who was Juan's best friend during his time in the mountains? a La Bruja b the dog c his burro When was Juan really afraid for the first time? a when he lost some sheep b when he tracked the killer bear c when he saw the girl 10 Why did Juan begin to learn English? a Because he had fallen in love with Susana b Because he felt resentful toward Susana c Because he wanted to talk with Susana's father 11 What was the important gift that Juan received from one of the campers? a a dictionary b a gun c a cat 12 What was the new tone that Juan noticed in the letters from his eldest brother? a admiration b envy c friendship 13 According to Ancelito, why had Susana gone away to school? a to learn a profession and become famous b to educate herself to help her future husband c to see more of the world and learn about customs 262 14 What made Ancelito think that Susana liked Juan? a She got very angry with him b She asked about him often c She dropped her eyes when she said his name 15 What was the bad news that Juan received by letter? a His relatives wanted to borrow money b Susana was going to get married c His grandmother had died 16 At the end, what did Juan discover about his dream? a It was silly and worthless b He could put another in its place c He would never lose it Talking It Over What big problem does the main character, Juan Varra, have at first when he arrives in California? How does he overcome it? How long does it take him? How does Juan change during the story? What people and experiences cause this change? In your opinion, which of the characters in the story are realistic? Explain Have you ever known anyone who left his or her native country to work or study for a long period of time? Did that person return or not? Why? Do you think it would be possible for most people to live happily in a foreign country for the rest of their lives? Why or why not? Expressing an Opinion Write down your opinion of the story's ending, answering the following question: Did Juan Varra make the right decision or not? Why? After ten minutes, read your answers aloud in class or in small groups 263 ... one official language, but Canada has two 11 In general, Canadians are anti-American, and Americans are anti-Canadian 12 Canadian buildings, food, and business are very different from those in the.. .MOSAIC I A Reading Skills Book MOSAIC I A Reading Skills Book Brenda Wegmann RANDOM HOUSE Miki Prijic Knezevic NEW YORK This book was developed for Random House by Eirik B0rve, Inc First Edition... social hierarchy or in any graded body a social or official position or standing: the rank of vice-president high position or station in the social scale a class in any scale of comparison relative