TI LIU LUYN THI C H & BI DNG KIN THC HO HC GII TON AMINOAXIT Aminoaxit: l hp cht hu c chc m phõn t cha ng thi nhúm NH2 v COOH Cụng thc tng quỏt: H2NRCOOH hoc (NH2)mR(COOH)n + m = n: dung dch gn nh trung tớnh, khụng lm i mu qu tớm + m > n: dung dch cú mụi trng baz, lm qu tớm húa xanh, dung dch phenolphtalein húa hng + m < n: dung dch cú mụi trng axit, lm qu tớm húa TNH CHT VT Lí DANH PHP: Cõu Cụng thc tng quỏt ca cỏc amino axit l: A R(NH2)(COOH) B (NH2)x(COOH)y C R(NH2)x(COOH)y D H2N-CxHy-COOH Cõu Cho qu tớm vo dd sau: (X) H2N-CH2-COOH; (Y) HOOC-CH(NH2)-CH2-COOH Hin tng xy ra? A X v Y khụng i mu qu tớm B X lm qu chuyn xanh, Y húa C X khụng i mu, Y húa D X, Y lm qu húa Cõu Cho qu tớm vo mi dung dch di õy, dung dch lm qu tớm húa xanh l? A CH3COOH B H2N-CH2-COOH C H2NCH2(NH2)COOH D HOOC-CH2-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH Cõu Aminoaxit l hp cht hu c phõn t cha: A Cha nhúm amino B Cha nhúm cacboxyl C Mt nhúm amino v mt nhúm cacboxyl D Mt hoc nhiu nhúm amino v mt hoc nhiu nhúm cacboxyl Cõu Cho cỏc cht H2N-CH2-COOH (X); H3C-NH-CH2-CH3 (Y); CH3-CH2-COOH (Z); C6H5-CH(NH2)COOH (T); HOOC-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH (G); H2N-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH (P) Aminoaxit l cht: A X, Z, T, P B X, Y, Z, T C X, T, G, P D X, Y, G, P Cõu Cho dd ca cỏc cht riờng bit sau: C6H5-NH2 (X1); CH3NH2 (X2); H2N-CH2-COOH (X3); HOOC-CH2-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH (X4); H2N-(CH2)4-CH(NH2)-COOH(X5) Nhng dung dch lm giy qu húa xanh l: A X1; X2; X5 B X2; X3; X4 C X2; X5 D X3; X4; X5 Cõu Cho nhng tớnh cht: (1) cht lng; (2) khụng mu; (3) tan tt nc; (4) lng tớnh; (5) phn ng vi axit; (6) phn ng vi kim; (7) phn ng vi ancol; (8) lm qu húa Nhng tớnh cht khụng phi ca amino axit cú s nhúm NH2 bng s nhúm COOH l: A (2), (3), (7) B (4), (5) C (1), (8) D (1), (2), (3) Cõu Tờn gi ca aminoaxit no di õy l ỳng? A H2N-CH2-COOH (glixerin) B CH3-CH(NH2)-COOH (anilin) C CH3-CH(CH3)-CH(NH2)-COOH (valin) D HOOC-(CH2)2-CH(NH2)-COOH (axit glutaric) Cõu Tờn gi ca hp cht C6H5-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH nh th no? A Axitaminophenyl propionic B Axit 2-amino-3-phenyl propionic C Phenylalanin D Axit 2--amino-3-phenyl propanoic Cõu 10 - aminoaxit l aminoaxit m nhúm amino gn cacbon v trớ th my? A B C D Cõu 11 Phỏt biu no di õy v aminoaxit l khụng ỳng? A Aminoaxit l HCHC phc, phõn t chc ng thi nhúm amino v nhúm cacboxyl B Hp cht H2NCOOH l aminoaxit n gin nht C Aminoaxit ngoi dng phõn t (H2N-R-COOH) cũn cú dng ion lng cc (H3N+RCOO-) D Thụng thng dng ion lng cc l dng tn ti chớnh ca aminoaxit Cõu 12 Khng nh no sau õy khụng ỳng v tớnh cht vt lớ ca aminoaxit? A Tt c u cht rn B Tt c u l tinh th, mu trng C Tt c u tan nc D Tt c u cú nhit núng chy cao Nguyn Th Sinh 694 Hựng Vng; Quy Nhn Trang TI LIU LUYN THI C H & BI DNG KIN THC HO HC TNH CHT HểA HC - NG DNG Tớnh cht nhúm COOH: + Tỏc dng dung dch kim: H2N-CH2-COOH + NaOH H2N-CH2-COONa + H2O + Phn ng este húa: H2N-CH2-COOH + C2H5OH H2N-CH2-COO-C2H5 + H2O Tớnh cht nhúm NH2: + Tỏc dng vi axit vụ c mnh: HOOC-CH2-NH2 + HCl HOOC-CH2-NH3Cl + Tỏc dng vi HNO2: HOOC-CH2-NH2 + HNO2 HOOC-CH2-OH + N2 + H2O Phn ng trựng ngng (phn ng ngng t): n H2N-(CH2)5-COOH ( HN(CH )5 CO ) n + nH2O ng dng: + Aminoaxit thiờn nhiờn l nguyờn liu to cỏc loi protein ca c th sng + Dựng thc phm nh mui mononatri glatamat (bt ngt); methionin (thc b gan) + Nguyờn liu sn xut t, nilon 6, nilon -7 Cõu Aminoaxit khụng th phn ng vi: A Ancol B dd Br2 C Axit (H+) v axit nitr D Kim loi, oxit baz, baz v mui + NaOH + HCl + HCl + NaOH Cõu Cho cỏc dóy chuyn húa: Glixin A X; Glixin B Y X v Y ln lt l cht no? A u l ClH3NCH2COONa B ClH3NCH2COOH v ClH3NCH2COONa C ClH3NCH2COONa v H2NCH2COONa D ClH3NCH2COOH v H2NCH2COONa Cõu (Cõu 23 Cao ng 2011) Phỏt biu no sau õy l ỳng? A Amino axit l hp cht cú tớnh lng tớnh B Trong mụi trng kim, ipetit mch h tỏc dng c vi Cu(OH)2 cho hp cht mu tớm C Trong mt phõn t tetrapeptit mch h cú liờn kt peptit D Cỏc hp cht peptit kộm bn mụi trng baz nhng bn mụi trng axit Cõu Cho cỏc hp cht: aminoacid (X), mui amoni ca acid cacboxylic (Y), amin (Z), este ca aminoacid (T) Dóy gm cỏc loi hp cht u tỏc dng c vi dung dch NaOH v u tỏc dng c vi dung dch HCl l? A X, Y, Z, T B X, Y, T C X, Y, Z D Y, Z, T Cõu Trong cỏc cht sau Cu, HCl, C2H5OH, HNO2, KOH, Na2SO3, CH3OH/ khớ HCl Axitaminoaxetic tỏc dng c vi nhng cht no? A Tt c cỏc cht B HCl, HNO2, KOH, Na2SO3, CH3OH/ khớ HCl C Cu, C2H5OH, HNO2, KOH, Na2SO3, CH3OH/ khớ HCl D Cu, HCl, HNO2, KOH, Na2SO3, CH3OH/ khớ HCl Cõu Mt hp cht hu c X cú cụng thc C3H7 O2N X phn ng vi dung dch Brom, X tỏc dng vi dung dch NaOH v HCl Cht hu c X cú cụng thc cu to l? A H2N-CH=CH-COOH B CH2=CH-COONH4 C H2N-CH2-CH2-COOH D A v B ỳng Chỳ ý v C3H7O2N Cõu Hp cht C3H7O2N tỏc dng c vi NaOH, H2SO4 v lm mt mu dd brom CTCT ca hp cht? A CH3CH(NH2)COOH B H2NCH2CH2COOH C CH2=CHCOONH4 D CH2=CH-CH2COONH4 Cõu Axit -aminopropionic tỏc dng c vi tt c cỏc cht dóy: A HCl, NaOH, C2H5OH cú mt HCl, K2SO4, H2NCH2COOH B HCl, NaOH, CH3OH cú mt HCl, H2NCH2COOH, Cu C HCl, NaOH, CH3OH cú mt HCl, H2NCH2 COOH D HCl, NaOH, CH3OH cú mt HCl, H2NCH2 COOH, NaCl Cõu (Cõu 23 Cao ng 2008) Cho dóy cỏc cht: C6 H5OH (phenol), C6H5NH2 (anilin), H2NCH2COOH, CH3CH2COOH, CH3CH2CH2NH2 S cht dóy phn ng c vi NaOH (trong dung dch) l: A B C D Nguyn Th Sinh 694 Hựng Vng; Quy Nhn Trang TI LIU LUYN THI C H & BI DNG KIN THC HO HC Cõu 10 (Cõu 15 i Hc KA 2008) Phỏt biu khụng ỳng l: A Trong dung dch, H2NCH2COOH cũn tn ti dng ion lng cc H3N+CH2COO B Aminoaxit l hp cht hu c chc, phõn t cha ng thi nhúm amino v nhúm cacboxyl C Aminoaxit l nhng cht rn, kt tinh, tan tt nc v cú v ngt D Hp cht H2NCH2COOH3NCH3 l este ca glyxin (hay glixin) Cõu 11 (Cõu 38 Cao ng 2011) Cho cỏc dung dch: C6 H5NH2 (amilin), CH3NH2, NaOH, C2H5OH v H2NCH2COOH Trong cỏc dung dch trờn, s dung dch cú th lm i mu phenolphtalein l: A B C D Cõu 12 (Cõu 42 Cao ng 2011) Hai cht no sau õy u tỏc dng uc vi dung dch NaOH loóng? A ClH3NCH2COOC2H5 v H2NCH2COOC2H5 B CH3NH2 v H2NCH2COOH C CH3NH3Cl v CH3NH2 D CH3NH3Cl v H2NCH2COONa Cõu 13 (Cõu 37 i Hc KB 2011) Cho ba dung dch cú cựng nng mol: (1) H2NCH2COOH, (2) CH3COOH, (3) CH3CH2NH2 Dóy xp theo th t pH tng dn l: A (3), (1), (2) B (1), (2), (3) C (2) , (3) , (1) D (2), (1), (3) Cõu 14 (Cõu 42 i Hc KA 2011) Dung dch no sau õy lm qu tớm i thnh mu xanh? A Dung dch alanin B Dung dch glyxin C Dung dch lysin D Dung dch valin Cõu 15 (Cõu 30 D b i Hc KA 2009) Dóy ch cha nhng amino axit cú s nhúm amino v s nhúm cacboxyl bng l: A Gly, Ala, Glu, Tyr B Gly, Val, Tyr, Ala C Gly, Val, Lys, Ala D Gly, Ala, Glu, Lys Cõu 16 (Cõu Cao ng 2010) Dung dch no sau õy lm qu tớm chuyn mu xanh? A Glyxin B Etylamin C Anilin D Phenylamoni clorua Cõu 17 (Cõu 51 Cao ng 2012) Phỏt biu no sau õy l ỳng? A nhit thng, cỏc amino axit u l nhng cht lng B Cỏc amino axit thiờn nhiờn hu ht l cỏc -amino axit C Amino axit thuc loi hp cht hu c chc D Axit glutamic l thnh phn chớnh ca bt ngt Cõu 18 (Cõu 38 i Hc KB 2012) Alanin cú cụng thc l: A C6H5-NH2 B CH3-CH(NH2)-COOH C H2N-CH2-COOH D H2N-CH2-CH2-COOH Cõu 19 Cú bao nhiờu ng phõn cú tớnh cht lng tớnh ng vi cụng thc phõn t C2H5O2N? (khụng k ng phõn cistrans): A B C D Cõu 20 Dung dch cht no sau õy khụng lm chuyn mu quỡ tớm? A CH3CHOHCOOH B H2N(CH2)2CH(NH2)COOH C H2NCH2COOH D C6H5NH3Cl Cõu 21 Trong cỏc cht sau, dung dch cht no khụng lm chuyn mu qu tớm? A HOOC-CH2-CH2CH(NH2)COOH B H2N-CH2-COOH C H2N-CH2CH2CH2CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH D CH3-CHOH-COOH Cõu 22 Hp cht khụng lm i mu giy quỡ m l: A CH3NH2 B H2NCH2COOH C C6H5ONa D H2NCH2CH(NH2)COOH Cõu 23 Nhn nh no sau õy khụng ỳng? A Anilin cú tớnh baz nờn lm mt mu nc brom B Anilin khụng lm i mu quỡ tớm C Trong phõn t anilin cú nh hng qua li gia nhúm amino v gc phenyl D Trong dung dch, H2N-CH2-COOH cũn tn ti dng ion lng cc H3N+-CH2-COOCõu 24 Axit glutamic (HOOC[CH2 ]2CH(NH2)COOH) l cht cú tớnh A trung tớnh B axit C baz D lng tớnh Cõu 25 chng minh glyxin C2H5O2N l mt aminoaxit, ch cn cho phn ng vi: A NaOH v HCl B HCl C NaOH D CH3OH/HCl Cõu 26 Dung dch ca cht no sau õy khụng lm i mu qu tớm: A Glixin (CH2NH2-COOH) B Lizin (H2NCH2-[CH2]3CH(NH2)-COOH) C Axit glutamic (HOOCCH2CHNH2COOH) D Natriphenolat (C6H5ONa) Nguyn Th Sinh 694 Hựng Vng; Quy Nhn Trang TI LIU LUYN THI C H & BI DNG KIN THC HO HC TON V AMINO AXIT + Gi CTTQ ca aminoacid (NH2)x-R-(COOH)y Khi cho aminoacid t/d vi HCl hoc NaOH thỡ: + Vi HCl: maminoacid + mHCl = mmui (NH2)x-R-(COOH)y + xHCl (NH3Cl)x-R-(COOH)y Nu cho mui ny tip tc tỏc dng vi dung dch kim (vớ d NaOH), nhúm (-NH2) c gii phúng (to li amin), ng thi nhúm (-COOH) b trung hũa cho mui (NH3Cl)x-R-(COOH)y + (x + y)NaOH (NH2)x-R-(COONa) y + xNaCl + (x + y)H2O + Vi NaOH: (NH2)x-R-(COOH) y + yNaOH (NH2)x-R-(COONa)y + yH2O n HCl n NaOH Lỳc ú: NH2 = x = ; COOH = y = n Aminoaxit n Aminoaxit T ú suy s nhúm NH2 v s nhúm COOH, xỏc nh R l ta suy CTPT hay CTCT aminoacid + Vi Brom: C6H5NH2 + 3Br2 C6H2Br3NH2 trng + 3HBr y z y t + Khi t chỏy aminoacid thỡ: CxHyOzNt + (x+ )O2 xCO2 + H2O + N2 2 *Mt s phn ng dng tng quỏt: + Hai loi hp cht hu c cha nit úng vai trũ cht lng tớnh thng gp l: aminoacid v mui amoni ca acid hu c (RCOONH4) Mui amoni cú cụng thc: CnH2n+3O2N RCOONH4 + HCl RCOOH + NH4Cl RCOONH4 + NaOH RCOONa + NH3 + H2O RCOONH3-R + NaOH RCOONa + R-NH2 + H2O Cõu 0,01 mol aminoaxit A phn ng va vi 0,02 mol HCl hoc 0,01 mol NaOH Cụng thc ca A cú dng: A H2NRCOOH B (H2N)2RCOOH C H2NR(COOH)2 D (H2N)2R(COOH)2 Cõu Cho 0,1 mol A (- aminoaxit dng H2N-R-COOH) phn ng ht vi HCl to 11,15g mui A l? A Glixin B Alanin C Phenylalanin D Valin Cõu (Cõu 31 i Hc KA 2007) aminoaxit X cha mt nhúm NH2 Cho 10,3 gam X tỏc dng vi HCl d thu c 13,95 gam mui khan Cụng thc cu to thu gn ca X l: A H2NCH2COOH B CH3CH2CH(NH2)COOH C H2NCH2CH2 COOH D CH3CH(NH2)COOH Cõu X l mt -aminoaxit no ch cha mt nhúm -NH2 v mt nhúm -COOH Cho 0,89 gam X tỏc dng vi dung dch HCl va to 1,255 gam mui CTCT ca X l? A H2N-CH2-COOH B CH3-CH NH2-COOH C CH3-CHNH2-CH2-COOH D C3H7-CHNH2-COOH Cõu X l - aminoaxit no ch cha mt nhúm -NH2 v mt nhúm -COOH Cho 15,1 gam X tỏc dng vi dd HCl d thu c 18,75g mui ca X CTCT thu gn ca X l: A C6H5CH(NH2)COOH B CH3CH(H2N)COOH C CH3CH(H2N)CH2COOH D C3H7CH(NH2)COOH Cõu Cho 0,01 mol amino axit X tỏc dng vi HCl thỡ dựng ht 80 ml dung dch HCl 0,125M v thu c 1,835 gam mui khan Cũn cho 0,01 mol X tỏc dng vi dung dch NaOH thỡ cn dựng 25 gam dung dch NaOH 3,2% Cụng thc ca X l: A H2N-C3H6-COOH B H2N-C2H4-COOH C H2NC3H5(COOH)2 D (NH2)2C3H5COOH Cõu t chỏy hon ton 8,7g aminoacid A (acid n chc) c 0,3 mol CO2, 0,25 mol H2O, 1,12 lớt N2 (ktc) Xỏc nh CTPT ca A? A C2H5O2N B C3H7O2N C C5H9O4N D CH3ON Cõu (Cõu 10 Cao ng 2007) Hp cht X cú cụng thc phõn t trựng vi cụng thc n gin nht, va tỏc dng c vi axit va tỏc dng c vi kim iu kin thớch hp Trong phõn t X, thnh phn phn trm lng ca cỏc nguyờn t C, H, N ln lt bng 40,449%; 7,865% v 15,73%, cũn li l oxi Khi cho 4,45 gam X phn ng hon ton vi mt lng va dung dch NaOH (un núng) thu c 4,85 gam mui khan Cụng thc cu to thu gn ca X l: A CH2=CHCOONH4 B H2NCOOCH2CH3 C H2NCH2COOCH3 D H2NC2H4COOH Hng dn gii: t cụng thc tng quỏt ca X l: CxHyOzNt , ta cú: Nguyn Th Sinh 694 Hựng Vng; Quy Nhn Trang TI LIU LUYN THI C H & BI DNG KIN THC HO HC 40,449 7,865 35,956 15,73 : : : = 3:7:2:1 12 16 14 Do cụng thc n gin nht trựng vi cụng thc phõn t nờn X l: C3 H7O2N Da vo ỏp ỏn bi toỏn ta thy X cú th l axit hoc este nờn t CTCT dng R1COOR2 : R1COOR2 + NaOH R1COONa + R2OH 4,45 nX = nR1COONa = = 0,05 mol 89 4,85 MR1COONa = R1+ 67 = = 97 R1= 30(NH2CH2) R2 = 89 74 = 15 (CH3) 0,05 Vy CTCT ca X l: H2NCH2COOCH3 Cõu (Cõu 50 i Hc KA 2007) t chỏy hon ton mt lng cht hu c X thu c 3,36 lớt khớ CO2, 0,56 lớt khớ N2 (cỏc khớ o ktc) v 3,15 gam H2O) Khi X tỏc dng vi dung dch NaOH thu c sn phm cú mui H2NCH2COONa Cụng thc cu to thu gn ca X l: A H2NCH2CH2COOH B H2NCH2COOCH3 C H2N=CH2COOC3H7 D H2NCH2COOC2H5 Cõu 10 (Cõu 20 Cao ng 2008) Trong phõn t aminoaxit X cú mt nhúm amino v mt nhúm cacboxyl Cho 15,0 gam X tỏc dng va vi dung dch NaOH, cụ cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 19,4 gam mui khan Cụng thc ca X l: A H2NC3H6COOH B H2NC2H4COOH C H2NC4H8COOH D H2NCH2COOH Cõu 11 (Cõu i Hc KA 2009) Cho mol amino axit X phn ng vi dung dch HCl (d), thu c m1 gam mui Y Cng mol amino axit X phn ng vi dung dch NaOH (d), thu c m2 gam mui Z Bit m2m1=7,5 Cụng thc phõn t ca X l: A C4H10O2N2 B C5H9O4N C C4H8O4N2 D C5H11O2N Cõu 12 (Cõu 15 i Hc KB 2009) Cho 0,02 mol amino axit X tỏc dng va vi 200 ml dung dch HCl 0,1M thu c 3,67 gam mui khan Mt khỏc 0,02 mol X tỏc dng va vi 40 gam dung dch NaOH 4% Cụng thc ca X l: A (H2N)2C3H5COOH B H2NC2C2H3(COOH)2 C H2NC3H6COOH D H2NC3H5(COOH)2 Cõu 13 (Cõu 31 i Hc KA 2010) Cho 0,15 mol H2NC3H5(COOH)2 (axit glutamic) vo 175 ml dung dch HCl 2M, thu c dung dch X Cho NaOH d vo dung dch X Sau cỏc phn ng xy hon ton, s mol NaOH ó phn ng l: A 0,50 B 0,65 C 0,70 D 0,55 Hng dn gii: n HCl = 0,175.2 = 0,35 mol x:y:z:t = H2NC3H5(COOH)2 + HCl ClH3NC3H5(COOH)2 0,15 0,15 0,15 Dd X: HCl: 0,35 0,15 = 0,2 ClH3NC3 H5(COOH)2: 0,15 HCl + NaOH NaCl = H2O 0,2 0,2 ClH3NC3H5(COOH)2 + 3NaOH H2NC3H5(COONa)2 + NaCl + 3H2O 0,15 0,45 n NaOH = 0,2 + 0,45 = 0,65 mol Cỏch khỏc: nGlu = 0,15 mol; nHCl = 0,35 mol nNaOH = 2n.Glu + nHCl = 0,65 mol Cõu 14 (Cõu 39 i Hc KB 2010) Hn hp X gm alanin v axit glutamic Cho m gam X tỏc dng hon ton vi dd NaOH (d), thu c dd Y cha (m+30,8) gam mui Mt khỏc, nu cho m gam X tỏc dng hon ton vi dd HCl, thu c dd Z cha (m+36,5) gam mui Giỏ tr ca m l: A 112,2 B 165,6 C 123,8 D 171,0 Hng dn gii: Gi s mol: ala x (cú nhúm NH2; nhúm COOH) Glu y (cú nhúm NH2; nhúm COOH) + Tỏc dng NaOH ta cú: x + 2y = 1,4 (1) Nguyn Th Sinh 694 Hựng Vng; Quy Nhn Trang TI LIU LUYN THI C H & BI DNG KIN THC HO HC + Tỏc dng HCl ta cú: x + y = (2) Gii (1), (2) x = 0,6 mol; y = 0,4 mol m = 0,6 89 + 0,4 147 = 112,2 gam Cỏch khỏc: nX = nHCl = mol Gi x l s mol ca alanin, x l s mol ca glutamic 89x + 147(1 x) = m 111x + 191(1 x) = m + 30,8 x = 0,6 mol Cõu 15 (Cõu 14 Cao ng 2011) Amino axit X cú dng H2NRCOOH (R l gc hirocacbon) Cho 0,1 mol X phn ng ht vi d dch HCl (d) thu c dung dch cha 11,15 gam mui Tờn gi ca X l: A phenylalanin B alanin C valin D glyxin Cõu 16 (Cõu 53 Cao ng 2012) Cho 14,55 gam mui H2NCH2COONa tỏc dng hon ton vi dung dch HCl d, thu c dung dch X Cụ cn ton b dung dch X, thu c bao nhiờu gam mui khan? A 16,73 gam B 25,50 gam C 8,78 gam D 20,03 gam Cõu 17 (Cõu 14 i Hc KA 2012) Hn hp X gm amino axit no (ch cú nhúm chc COOH v NH2 phõn t), ú t l mO : m N = 80 : 21 tỏc dng va vi 3,83 gam hn hp X cn 30 ml dung dch HCl 1M Mt khỏc, t chỏy hon ton 3,83 gam hn hp X cn 3,192 lớt O2 (ktc) Dn ton b sn phm chỏy (CO2, H2O v N2) vo nc vụi d thỡ lng kt ta thu c l: A 20 gam B 13 gam C 10 gam D 15 gam Cõu 18 Hp cht X gm cỏc nguyờn t C, H, O, N vi t l lng tng ng l 3: 1: 4: Bit X cú nguyờn t N Cụng thc phõn t ca X l A C3H7O2N2 B C3H8O2N2 C CH4ON2 D C3H8ON2 Cõu 19 Phõn t ca mt cht hu c X nm khong 140 < M < 150 mol X phn ng c vi molNaOH nhng ch phn ng c vi mol HCl X cú th l A HOOC(CH2)2CH(NH2)COOH B HOOCCH2CH(NH2)COOH C H2N(CH2)4CH(NH2)COOH D H2NCH2CH(NH2)COOH Cõu 20 Cho 1mol amino axit A tỏc dng va vi 1mol HCl; 0,5 mol amino axit A tỏc dng va vi 1mol NaOH MA l 147 vC A l: A C5H9NO4 B C4H7N2O4 C C8H5NO2 D C7H6N2O4 Cõu 21 t chỏy hon ton mol aminoaxit H2N-[CH2]n-COOH cn s mol ụxi l: A (2n + 3)/2 B (6n + 3)/2 C (6n + 3)/4 D (6n 1)/4 GII TON MUI AMONI, ESTE CA AMINO AXIT V NHNG LU í V BI TON C, H, O, N - Cụng thc chung ca mui amoni: H2NRCOONH4 hoc H2NRCOOH3NR - Cụng thc chung este ca amino axit: H2NRCOOR - Mui amoni, este ca amino axit l hp cht lng tớnh: H2NRCOONH3R + HCl ClH3NRCOONH3R H2NRCOONH3R + NaOH H2NRCOONa + RNH2 + H2O Thớ sinh d b lỳng tỳng gp cỏc cõu hi cú liờn quan n nhúm nguyờn t ny Nguyờn nhõn chớnh l cỏc em khụng xỏc nh c hp cht cho thuc loi hp cht gỡ cho nờn khụng a c cỏch gii quyt Khi gp hp cht hu c cha (C, H, O, N) cỏc em cn xỏc nh xem cht hu c cho thuc loi no nhúm sau õy Nhúm 1: Cỏc cht c bit Urờ: Cú cụng thc CH4ON2 Cụng thc cu to: (NH2)2CO Caprolactam: Cú cụng thc C6 H11ON Cỏc loi t: T nilon-6, T nilon6,6, Nhúm 2: Gm cỏc loi cht sau (1): Amino axit (2): Este ca aminoaxit (3): Mui amoni (4): Mui ca amin (5): Hp cht nitro Phn ng c trng: - (5): Ch cú phn ng vi [H] Amin: R(NO2)n + 6n [H] R(NH2)n + 2nH2O - (1), (2), (3), (4): u phn ng c vi NaOH v HCl Nguyn Th Sinh 694 Hựng Vng; Quy Nhn Trang TI LIU LUYN THI C H & BI DNG KIN THC HO HC Lu ý : CH COONH (Aminoaxetat) M = 77 A cha C, H, O, N %N = 18,18% C2H7O2N HCOONH CH %O = 9,09% (muoỏi cuỷa amin) Fomiat metyl amoni Phn ng minh ha: CH3COONH4 + NaOH CH3COONa + NH3 + H2O HCOONH3CH3 + NaOH HCOONa + CH3NH2 + H2O Tng quỏt: RCOONH3R + NaOH RCOONa + RNH2 + H2O C2 H COO NH C3 H9O N CH COO NH CH M 91 H COO NH3 CH CH H COO NH (CH ) + nhit thng cú khớ cú tớnh cht ging NH3 CH3NH2 (CH3)2NCH3 CH3NHCH3 C2H5NH2 Cõu (A) cú CTPT C2H7O2N (A) cú th l: A Amino axit B Este ca amino axit C Mui amoni D Hp cht nitro Cõu (A) l hp cht hu c cha C, H, O, N cú % N =18,18 Bit (A) phn ng c vúi NaOH v (A) cú kh nng gng Vy (A) cú th l: A Amino axit B Este ca amino axit C Mui amoni D Mui ca amin Cõu (A) cú CTPT C3H9NO2 (A) cú s ng phõn l: A B C D Cõu Cht hu c X gm nguyờn t C, H, N, O cú lng phõn t l 89 t chỏy hon ton 4,45 gam X cho 3,15 gam H2O, 3,36 lớt CO2 v 0,56 lớt N2 Th tớch cỏc khớ o ktc CTPT ca X l? A C2H5O2N B C3H7O2N C C4H9O2N D CH3ON Cõu Cho hn hp X gm hai cht hu c cựng cú cụng thc phõn t l C2 H7NO2 tỏc dng va vi dung dch NaOH un núng thu c dung dch Y v 4,48 lit hn hp Z (ktc) gm hai cht khớ u lm xanh giy qu m T hi ca Z i vi H2 l 13,75 Cụ cn dung dch Y thu c lng mui khan l: A 16,5g B 14,3g C 8,9g D 15,7g Cõu Cho 8,9g mt hp cht hu c X cú cụng thc phõn t C3H7O2N tỏc dng vi 100 ml dung dch NaOH 1,5M Sau phn ng hon ton, cụ cn dung dch thu c 11,17 g cht rn CTCT ca X l: A HCOOH3NCH=CH2 B H2NCH2CH2COOH C CH2=CH-COONH4 D H2NCH2COOCH3 Cõu Hp cht hu c X cú cụng thc phõn t C3H9O2N X tỏc dng c vi NaOH, un nh thu c mui Y v khớ Z lm xanh qu tớm m T mui Y cú th iu ch trc tip metan bng phn ng Cụng thc cu to ca X cú th l: A CH3COONH3CH3 B C2H5COONH4 C HCOONH3C2 H5 D H2NCH2COOC2 H5 Cõu Mt hp cht hu c X cú cụng thc C3H9 O2N Cho X phn ng vi dung dch NaOH un nh thu c mui Y v khớ Z lm xanh giy qu tớm t Cho Y tỏc dng vi dung dch NaOH rn un núng c CH4 X cú CTCT no sau õy? A C2H5-COO-NH4 B CH3-COO-NH4 C CH3-COO-H3NCH3 D B v C ỳng Cõu Hp cht C3H7O2N tỏc dng c vi NaOH, H2SO4 v lm mt mu dd brom CTCT ca hp cht? A CH3CH(NH2)COOH B H2NCH2CH2COOH C CH2=CHCOONH4 D CH2=CH-CH2COONH4 Cõu 10 Mt hp cht hu c X cú CTPT C2H7O2N X d dng phn ng vi dung dch NaOH v dung dch HCl CTCT phự hp ca X l: A CH2NH2COOH B CH3COONH4 C HCOONH3CH3 D C B v C Cõu 11 Cho cỏc cht H2N-CH2-COOH (X); H3C-NH-CH2-CH3 (Y); CH3-CH2-COOH (Z); Nguyn Th Sinh 694 Hựng Vng; Quy Nhn Trang TI LIU LUYN THI C H & BI DNG KIN THC HO HC C6H5-CH(NH2)COOH (T); HOOC-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH (G); H2N-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH (P) Aminoaxit l cht: A X, Z, T, P B X, Y, Z, T C X, T, G, P D X, Y, G, P Cõu 12 (Cõu 38 i Hc KA 2007) Cho hn hp X gm hai cht hu c cú cựng cụng thc phõn t C2H7NO2 tỏc dng va vi dung dch NaOH v un núng, thu c dung dch X v 4,48 lớt hn hp Z ( ktc) gm hai khớ (u lm xanh qu m) T hi ca Z i vi H2 bng 13,75 Cụ cn dung dch Y thu c lng mui khan l: A 16,5 gam B 14,3 gam C 8,9 gam D 15,7 gam Hng dn gii: Hai cht khớ ú l: NH3 v CH3NH2 NH3 (17) 3,5 27,5 n NH3 n CH3 NH2 = 3,5 = 10,5 CH3NH2 (31) 10,5 M nhhZ = 0,2 n(NH3) = 0,05 v n(CH3NH2) = 0,15 CH3COONH4 + NaOH CH3COONa + NH3 + H2O 0,05 0,05 HCOONH3CH3 + NaOH HCOONa + CH3NH2 + H2O 0,15 0,15 Khi lng mui thu c l: CH3COONa v HCOONa mmui = 0,05 82 + 0,15 68 = 14,3 (gam) Cõu 13 (Cõu 20 i Hc KB 2008) Cho 8,9 gam mt hp cht hu c X cú cụng thc phõn t C3H7O2N phn ng vi 100 ml dung dch NaOH 1,5M Sau phn ng xy hon ton, cụ cn dung dch thu c 11,7 gam cht rn Cụng thc cu to thu gn ca X l: A HCOOH3NCH=CH2 B H2NCH2CH2COOH C CH2=CHCOONH4 D H2NCH2COOCH3 Cõu 14 (Cõu 43 i Hc KB 2008) Cho cht hu c X cú cụng thc phõn t C2H8O3N2 tỏc dng vi dung dch NaOH, thu c cht hu c n chc Y v cỏc cht vụ c Khi lng phõn t (theo vC) ca Y l: A 85 B 68 C 45 D 46 Hng dn gii: X + NaOH cht hu c Y v cỏc cht vụ c X l CH3CH2NH3NO3 CH3CH2NH2 + NaNO3 + H2O Phn ng: CH3CH2NH3NO3 + NaOH Y l CH3CH2NH2 (M = 45 vC) Nhn xột: õy l mt cõu hi tng i khú v chc s khin nhiu em s lỳng tỳng vic xỏc nh CTCT ca X Cú nhiu cỏch tỡm CTPT ca X, thm nu l ngi cú kinh nghim thỡ khụng cn phi suy ngh nhiu, õy tụi xin trỡnh by vớ d mt li suy ngh nh sau: X cú cha N v 3O m X li tỏc dng vi NaOH sinh sn phm hu c X l mt este, hoc mt mui amoni hu c Vỡ bt bóo hũa k = X khụng th l mt este X l mui amoni hu c Nu X l mui amoni ca amin vi acid hu c tỏc dng vi NaOH khụng th ch cú sn phm hu c phi l mui ca NH3 vi acid hu c hoc amin hu c vi acid vụ c Vỡ X cha 2N v 3O m Y l n chc CTPT ca X l CH3CH2NH3NO3 (mui ca amin CH3CH2NH2 vi HNO3) õy l mt bi ũi hi phi t logic v cú kin thc tng hp tt, cú tớnh phõn loi thớ sinh cao Cõu 15 (Cõu 55 Cao ng 2009) Cho 1,82 gam hp cht hu c n chc, mch h X cú cụng thc phõn t C3H9O2N tỏc dng va vi dung dch NaOH, un núng thu c khớ Y v dung dch Z Cụ cn Z thu c 1,64 gam mui khan Cụng thc cu to thu gn ca X l: A CH3CH2COONH4 B CH3COONH3CH3 C HCOONH2(CH3)2 D HCOONH3CH2CH3 Cõu 16 (Cõu 14 Cao ng 2009) Cht X cú cụng thc phõn t C4H9O2N Bit: X + NaOH Y + CH4O Nguyn Th Sinh 694 Hựng Vng; Quy Nhn Trang TI LIU LUYN THI C H & BI DNG KIN THC HO HC Y + HCl (d) Z + NaCl Cụng thc cu to ca X v Z ln lt l: A H2NCH2CH2 COOCH3 v CH3CH(NH3Cl)COOH B CH3CH(NH2)COOCH3 v CH3CH(NH3Cl)COOH C H2NCH2COOC2 H5 v ClH3NCH2COOH D CH3CH(NH2)COOCH3 v CH3CH(NH2)COOH Cõu 17 (Cõu 28 Cao ng 2009) Cht X cú cụng thc phõn t C3H7O2N v lm mt mu dung dch brom Tờn gi ca X l: A axit aminopropionic B mety aminoaxetat C axit aminopropionic D amoni acrylat Hng dn gii: X l: CH2=CHCOONH4 Cõu 18 (Cõu 47 i Hc KA 2009) Hp cht X mch h cú cụng thc phõn t l C4H9NO2 Cho 10,3 gam X phn ng va vi dung dch NaOH sinh mt cht khớ Y v dung dch Z Khớ Y nng hn khụng khớ, lm giy qu tớm m chuyn mu xanh Dung dch Z cú kh nng lm mt mu nc brom Cụ cn dung dch Z thu c m gam mui khan Giỏ tr ca m l: A 8,2 B 10,8 C 9,4 D 9,6 Hng dn gii: Y nng hn khụng khớ v cú kh nng lm qu tớm húa xanh suy Y l amin v X l mui ca axit cacboxylic vi amin t cụng thc ca X l: RCOONH3R Xột Y: RNH2 R + 16 > 29 R > 13 (1) suy R phi cú ớt nht mt nguyờn t C Xột Z: RCOONa Z cú kh nng lm mt mu nc brom, vy R phi cú ớt nht nguyờn t C (2) Theo bi X cú nguyờn t C phõn t Vy R l CH3, R l C2H3 Z l C2H3COONa, nZ = nX = 0,1 mol m = 94.0,1 = 94g Cỏch khỏc: T c im húa hc ca Y, ta thy Y phi l amin hu c (cú khụng ớt hn 1C) X l mui ca amoni hu c Z l mui natri ca axit cacboxylic, Z cú khụng quỏ 3C (trong ú cú 1C nhúm COO) v dung dch Z cú kh nng lm mt mu dung dch brom Z l HCOONa hoc CH2=CHCOONa D dng cú nX = 0,1 mol ỏp ỏn ỳng l 9,4g hoc 6,8g Trong trng hp bi ny, ta buc phi chn ỏp ỏn ỳng l C, õy l mt thiu sút ca bi Bi ny khụng khú, ch ũi hi nhng suy lun c bn nhng khỏ hay Cõu 19 (Cõu 10 Cao ng 2010) ng vi cụng thc phõn t C2H7O2N cú bao nhiờu cht va phn ng c vi dung dch NaOH va phn ng c vi dung dch HCl? A B C D Cõu 20 (Cõu i Hc KB 2010) Hai hp cht hu c X v Y cú cựng cụng thc phõn t l C3H7NO2, u l cht rn iu kin thng Cht X phn ng vi dung dch NaOH, gii phúng khớ Cht Y cú phn ng trựng ngng Cỏc cht X v Y ln lt l: A vinylamoni fomat v amoni acrylat B amoni acrylat v axit 2aminopropionic C axit 2aminopropionic v amoni acrylat D axit 2aminopropionic v axit 3aminopropionic Nguyn Th Sinh 694 Hựng Vng; Quy Nhn Trang ... + Aminoaxit thiờn nhiờn l nguyờn liu to cỏc loi protein ca c th sng + Dựng thc phm nh mui mononatri glatamat (bt ngt); methionin (thc b gan) + Nguyờn liu sn xut t, nilon 6, nilon -7 Cõu Aminoaxit. .. dung dch, H2NCH2COOH cũn tn ti dng ion lng cc H3N+CH2COO B Aminoaxit l hp cht hu c chc, phõn t cha ng thi nhúm amino v nhúm cacboxyl C Aminoaxit l nhng cht rn, kt tinh, tan tt nc v cú v ngt D Hp... (NH2)x-R-(COOH) y + yNaOH (NH2)x-R-(COONa)y + yH2O n HCl n NaOH Lỳc ú: NH2 = x = ; COOH = y = n Aminoaxit n Aminoaxit T ú suy s nhúm NH2 v s nhúm COOH, xỏc nh R l ta suy CTPT hay CTCT aminoacid + Vi