Cp nht thng xuyờn cỏc thi th mi nht trờn c nc S GD T TNH BC NINH THPT Lấ VN THNH THI TH THPT QUC GIA LN NM 2017 Mụn: KHOA HC T NHIấN HểA HC Thi gian lm bi: 50 phỳt, khụng k thi gian phỏt ( thi cú 40 cõu / trang) Mó : 058 Cho bit nguyờn t ca cỏc nguyờn t : H =1; C = 12; N = 14; O = 16; Na = 23; Mg = 24; Al = 27; S =32; Cl = 35,5; K = 39; Ca = 40; Cr = 52; Fe = 56; Cu = 64; Zn = 65; Ag = 108; Ba=137 Thi th theo chuyờn + thi th mi nht ti: https://www.facebook.com/groups/123701861435410/ - Tng hp cỏc thi th hay mi nht - Tng hp cỏc chuyờn trng tõm phc v cho kỡ thi ỏnh giỏ nng lc - Tng hp cỏc chuyờn hay l khú chinh phc im 8, 9, 10 Cõu 1: Hn hp X gm mui Y (C2H8N2O4) v ipeptit Z mch h (C5H10N2O3) Cho 16,6 gam X tỏc dng vi dung dch NaOH d, un núng, thu c 0,15 mol khớ (gi s nc bay hi khụng ỏng k) Mt khỏc 16,6 gam X tỏc dng vi dung dch HCl d, thu c m gam cht hu c Giỏ tr ca m l: A 20,45 B 17,70 C 23,05 D 18,60 Cõu 2: Cht no khụng phi l polime ? A Amino axit B Cao su C T nilon-6,6 D Tinh bt Cõu 3: Trong phõn t amino axit no di õy cú s nhúm NH2 ớt hn s nhúm COOH ? A Glyxin B Alanin C Lysin D Axit glutamic Cõu 4: Dóy gm cỏc kim loi cú th iu ch c bng phng phỏp nhit luyn l: A Fe, Pb, Na B Fe, Cu, Ni C Ca, Fe, Cu D Pb, Al, Fe Cõu 5: kh mựi ca cỏ (gõy mt s amin), ta cú th cỏ vi ? A gim B nc C cn D nc mui Cõu 6: Kim loi cú nhit núng chy cao nht l: A Zn B K C W D Hg Cõu 7: X phũng húa hon ton 10,40 gam hn hp este n chc X v Y (MX > MY) cn dựng va ht 200 gam dung dch KOH 4,2% thu c mui ca axit ng ng liờn tip v ancol Cụng thc cu to thu gn ca X l : A CH3COOC2H5 B CH3COOCH3 C HCOOCH3 D HCOOC2H5 Cõu 8: Cho 1,24 gam mt amin X n chc tỏc dng vi lng d dung dch HCl sinh 2,70 gam mui Cụng thc ca X l: A C6H5NH2 B CH3NH2 C C2H5NH2 D CH3NHCH3 Cõu 9: Cho 2,94 gam H2NC3H5(COOH)2 (axit glutamic) vo 160 ml dung dch HCl 0,25M, thu c dung dch X Cho X tỏc dng vi 200 ml dung dch NaOH 0,5M, thu c dung dch Y Cụ cn Y, thu c m gam cht rn khan Giỏ tr ca m l A 6,16 B 6,96 C 7,00 D 6,95 Cõu 10: Axit bộo l axit n chc cú mch cacbon di Axit stearic l axit bộo cú cụng thc l: A C17H31COOH B C17H35COOH C C17H33COOH D C15H31COOH Cõu 11: un 12,0 gam axit axetic vi 6,9 gam etanol (cú H2SO4 c lm xỳc tỏc) n phn ng t ti trng thỏi cõn bng, thu c 8,8 gam este Hiu sut ca phn ng este hoỏ l: A 75,0% B 40,0% C 80,0% D 50,0% Cõu 12: Cho 0,2 mol este n chc X (mch h) phn ng hon ton vi 250 gam dung dch cha ng thi NaOH 6,0% v KOH 2,8%, thu c 267,2 gam dung dch Y Cụ cn dung dch Y, thu c 27,6 gam cht rn khan S cht X tha l: A B C D Tn Thnh Hong Phan Trang Cp nht thng xuyờn cỏc thi th mi nht trờn c nc Cõu 13: Cho 10,84 gam hn hp X (Fe, Cu, Ag) phn ng hon ton bng vi dung dch HNO3 thy gii phúng 1,344 lớt khớ NO nht (ktc), thu c m gam hn hp mui Giỏ tr ca m l: A 24 B 26 C 22 D 28 Cõu 14: Loi ng no sau õy cú nhiu qu nho chớn ? A Glucoz B Tinh bt C Saccaroz D Fructoz Cõu 15: X l hn hp gm ancol Y; axit cacboxylic Z (Y, Z u no, n chc, mch h) v este M to bi Y, Z Chia mt lng X lm hai phn bng nhau: + t chỏy ht phn c 55,275 gam CO2 v 25,425 gam H2O + X phũng húa phn bng mt lng NaOH va ri cụ cn c ancol Y v mui khan N t chỏy hon ton N c 15,9 gam Na2CO3 v 46,5 gam hn hp CO2; H2O Oxi húa lng ancol Y thu c trờn bng lng d CuO; un núng c anehit T Cho T tỏc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 NH3 c 153,9 gam bc Bit cỏc phn ng xy hon ton Phn trm lng este M X gn nht vi ? A 63 B 73 C 59 D 33 Cõu 16: Cho 15,6 gam hn hp X gm Fe v Cu phn ng vi dung dch HCl loóng (d), n phn ng xy hon ton thu c 3,36 lớt khớ H2 (ktc) v dung dch cha m gam mui Giỏ tr ca m l: A 19,05 gam B 23,85 gam C 18,54 gam D 13,72 gam Cõu 17: Hn hp X gm glucoz v saccaroz cú t l s mol l 2:1 Cho 2m gam X tỏc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3/NH3 thu c x gam Ag Mt khỏc thy phõn hon ton m hn hp X, cho sn phm thu c tỏc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3/NH3 thu c y gam Ag Biu thc mi liờn h gia x, y l: A x = 2y B 3x = y C 4x = y D 3x = 2y Cõu 18: Thy phõn hon ton 5,48 gam peptit X (mch h) mụi trng axit, sn phm sau phn ng l dung dch cha 3,56 gam alanin v 3,0 gam glyxin S cụng thc phự hp ca X l: A B C D Cõu 19: Hn hp X gm hai cht hu c n chc, u cú cụng thc phõn t C7H6O2 v cha vũng benzen phõn t Cho 3,66 gam X phn ng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 NH3, thu c 2,16 gam Ag Cho cựng lng X trờn tỏc dng vi 500 ml dung dch NaOH 0,1M, sau phn ng hon ton em cụ cn dung dch thỡ thu c m gam hn hp cht rn Giỏ tr ca m l: A 3,96 gam B 4,72 gam C 5,00 gam D 5,12 gam Cõu 20: Phõn t trung bỡnh ca xenluloz l 3240000 H s polime húa ca xenluloz l: A 24000 B 36000 C 25000 D 20000 Cõu 21: Cỏc este thng cú mựi thm c trng, isoamyl axetat cú mựi thm ca loi hoa (qu) no sau õy ? A Chui chớn B Hoa hng C Hoa nhi D Da chớn Cõu 22: Este no sau õy cú cụng thc phõn t C4H8O2 ? A Vinyl axetat B Propyl fomat C Propyl axetat D Metyl axetat Cõu 23: Bng di õy ghi li hin tng lm thớ nghim vi cỏc cht sau dng dung dch nc : X, Y, Z, T: Cht X Y Z T Thuc th Dung dch AgNO3/NH3, khụng cú kt khụng cú kt cú kt ta trng cú kt ta trng un nh ta ta dung dch xanh Cu(OH)2 khụng dung dch xanh dung dch xanh Cu(OH)2, lc nh lam tan lam lam khụng hin khụng hin Nc brom mt mu kt ta trng tng tng Cỏc cht X, Y, Z, T ln lt l : A Fructoz, anilin, saccaroz, glucoz B Saccaroz, anilin, glucoz, fructoz C Glucoz, anilin, saccaroz, fructoz D Saccaroz, fructoz, anilin, glucoz Tn Thnh Hong Phan Trang Cp nht thng xuyờn cỏc thi th mi nht trờn c nc Cõu 24: Cho 16,6 gam hn hp X gm metyl fomat v phenyl axetat (t l mol tng ng 1:2) tỏc dng hon ton vi 200 ml dung dch NaOH 1,5M thu c dung dch Y Cụ cn dung dch Y thu c m gam cht rn khan Giỏ tr ca m l: A 28,6 B 23,2 C 11,6 D 25,2 Cõu 25: Kim loi no sau õy cho tỏc dng vi dung dch HCl v khớ clo u cho mt loi mui clorua ? A Au B Mg C Cu D Fe Cõu 26: t chỏy hon ton a mol X (l trieste ca glixerol vi cỏc axit n chc, mch h) cn va 24,64 gam O2, thu c 0,55 mol CO2 v 0,50 mol H2O Mt khỏc, x mol X tỏc dng ti a vi 240 ml dung dch Br2 1,0M Giỏ tr ca x l: A 0,06 B 0,12 C 0,24 D 0,08 Cõu 27: Nhn xột no sau õy khụng ỳng ? A Saccaroz v glucoz u hũa tan c Cu(OH)2 to dung dch mu xanh lam B Trong mỏu ngi cha mt lng nh glucoz vi hm lng khong 0,01% C Thy phõn n cựng tinh bt v xenluloz u cho mt loi monosaccarit D Khụng th phõn bit glucoz v fructoz bng phn ng bc Cõu 28: Cho mt mu K vo dung dch CuSO4, hin tng xy l: A cú khớ thoỏt ra, xut hin kt ta xanh, kt ta khụng tan B dung dch cú mu xanh, xut hin Cu mu C cú khớ thoỏt ra, xut hin kt ta xanh, sau ú kt ta tan D dung dch mt mu xanh, xut hin Cu mu Cõu 29: Cú dung dch riờng bit: a) HCl cú ln FeCl3; b) HCl; c) CuCl2; d) MgCl2; e) H2SO4 cú ln CuSO4 Nhỳng vo mi dung dch mt Fe nguyờn cht S trng hp xut hin n mũn in hoỏ hc l: A B C D Cõu 30: Cho cỏc cht: saccaroz, glucoz, fructoz, etyl fomat, axit fomic v anehit axetic Trong cỏc cht trờn, s cht va cú kh nng tham gia phn ng bc va cú kh nng phn ng vi Cu(OH)2 iu kin thng l: A B C D Cõu 31: Cho 2,16 gam kim loi R (húa tr khụng i) vo cc ng 250 gam dung dch Cu(NO 3)2 3,76% mu xanh n cỏc phn ng xy hon ton, lc b phn khụng tan thu c dung dch khụng mu cú lng 247,7 gam Kim loi R l: A Al B Na C Ca D Mg Cõu 32: Cho 7,4 gam etyl fomat tỏc dng vi 200 ml dung dch NaOH 0,5M Cụ cn dung dch sau phn ng thỡ lng cht rn khan thu c l bao nhiờu ? A 6,8 gam B 12,3 gam C 10,5 gam D 8,2 gam Cõu 33: Cht no sau õy cú phn ng bc ? A Axit Axetic B Saccaroz C Glixerol D Glucoz Cõu 34: t chỏy hon ton mt este no, n chc, mch h luụn cho kt qu no sau õy ? A S mol CO2 nh hn s mol H2O B S mol CO2 ln hn s mol H2O C S mol CO2 bng s mol H2O D S mol CO2 gp ln s mol H2O Cõu 35: Cht no sau õy l ipeptit ? A H2NCH2CH2CONHCH2COOH B H2NCH2CH2CONHCH2CH2COOH C H2NCH(CH3)CONHCH2CONHCH2COOH D H2NCH(CH3)CONHCH(CH3)COOH Cõu 36: Trong s cỏc kim loi Al, Zn, Fe, Ag Kim loi no khụng tỏc dng c vi dung dch H 2SO4 loóng nhit thng ? A Fe B Cu C Mg D Na Tn Thnh Hong Phan Trang Cp nht thng xuyờn cỏc thi th mi nht trờn c nc Cõu 37: Hũa tan ht 14,8 gam hn hp Fe v Cu vo 126 gam dung dch HNO 48% thu c dung dch X (khụng cha mui amoni) Cho X phn ng vi 400 ml dung dch NaOH 1M v KOH 0,5M thu c kt ta Y v dung dch Z Nung Y khụng khớ n lng khụng i thu c 20 gam Fe2O3 v CuO Cụ cn dung dch Z, thu c cht rn khan T Nung T khụng khớ n lng khụng i, thu c 42,86 gam hn hp cht rn Nng phn trm ca Fe(NO 3)3 X cú giỏ tr gn nht vi giỏ tr no sau õy ? A 7,6 B 7,9 C 8,2 D 6,9 Cõu 38: Phỏt biu no sau õy l ỳng ? A Tripeptit bn c mụi trng kim v mụi trng axit B Dung dch ca cỏc amin u lm qu tớm chuyn mu xanh C Cỏc amino axit l nhng hp cht cú cu to ion lng cc D Trong mt phõn t tetrapeptit mch h cha liờn kt peptit Cõu 39: Khi thay th hai nguyờn t H phõn t NH3 bng hai gc hirocacbon, ta thu c loi cht no sau õy ? A -amino axit B Peptit C Amin bc hai D Amin bc mt Cõu 40: Dung dch Gly-Ala-Ala tham gia phn ng vi Cu(OH)2 mụi trng kim to sn phm cú mu ? A B xanh C tớm D vng HT Tn Thnh Hong Phan Trang Cp nht thng xuyờn cỏc thi th mi nht trờn c nc PHN TCH - HNG DN GII THI THPT Lấ VN THNH LN Cõu 1: Chn D Y : (COONH ) n - Khi cho X tỏc dng vi NaOH d thỡ: n Y NH3 0, 075 mol n Z 0, 05 mol Z : Ala Gly (COOH) : 0, 075 mol - Khi cho X tỏc dng vi HCl thỡ cht hu c thu c cú: AlaHCl : 0, 05 mol m 18, (g) GlyHCl : 0, 05 mol Cõu 2: Chn A Cõu 3: Chn D - Cu to ca axit glutamit: HOOC-CH2-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH Cõu 4: Chn B Cõu 5: Chn A Cõu 6: Chn C Cõu 7: Chn B m - Ta cú: M este 69,33 nờn Y l HCOOCH3 v X l CH3COOCH3 n KOH Cõu 8: Chn B 2, 1, 24 0, 04 mol M X 31: CH NH - Ta cú: n X n HCl 36,5 Cõu 9: Chn B - Nhn thy : n NaOH 2n axit glutamic n HCl nờn n H2O 2n axit glutamic n HCl 0,08 mol BTKL m maxit glutamic 36,5n HCl 40n NaOH 18n H 2O 6,96 (g) Cõu 10: Chn B Cõu 11: Chn A 8,8 H 100% 75% 0,15.88 Cõu 12: Chn A BTKL mX mY mdd KOH NaOH 17, (g) M X 86 : X l C4H6O2 - Trong dung dch Y cú cha cht hu c vi M mdd Y m H 2O ( mdd m KOH m NaOH ) m r 58 nX nờn cht hu c ú l C3H6O Vy cú cụng thc cú th cú ca X: HCOOCH=CH-CH3 (cis-trans) ; HCOOCH2-CH=CH2 ; HCOOC(CH3)=CH2 Cõu 13: Chn C m mX 62n NO3 10,84 62.0, 06.3 22 (g) Cõu 14: Chn A Cõu 15: Chn C - p dng bt bóo hũa t chỏy hn hp X ta cú: n Y n H2O n CO2 0,15625 mol BT: C - Khi t chỏy N thỡ: n CO2 n H 2O 0, 75 mol C N - Gi s ancol Y l CH3OH ú n CH3OH Tn Thnh Hong Phan n CO2 n Na 2CO3 (C2H5COONa) 2n Na 2CO3 n Ag 0,35625 mol n M n CH3OH n Y 0, mol Trang Cp nht thng xuyờn cỏc thi th mi nht trờn c nc 0, 2n C2H5COOCH3 100% 58, 67% 0,1n C2H5COOH 0,15625n CH3OH 0, 2n C2H5COOCH3 Cõu 16: Chn A m m FeCl2 127n H 19,05 (g) % mM Cõu 17: Chn C - Khi cho 2m gam X tỏc dng vi AgNO3/NH3 thỡ: x 2n C6H12O6 m gam thỡ: x n C6H12O6 (1) - Khi thy phõn m gam X v cho sn phm tỏc dng vi AgNO3/NH3 thỡ: y 2n C6H12O6 4n C12H22O11 (2) - T (1), (2) v kt hp vi d kin n C6H12O6 : n C12H22O11 :1 ta suy ra: y 4x Cõu 18: Chn D n Ala n Gly n n 0, 08 n - Ta cú: n m Ala 3,56 5, 48 n Gly n H 2O n n 18 X l (Ala)2(Gly)2 cú cụng thc phự hp Cõu 19: Chn D - Hn hp X gm HCOOC6H5 (x mol) v C6H5COOH (y mol) n Ag - Khi cho X tỏc dng vi AgNO3/NH3 d thỡ: x = = 0,01 mol y = 0,02 mol BTKL - Khi cho X tỏc dng vi NaOH thỡ: n H2O x y 0,03 mol m 5,12 (g) Cõu 20: Chn D - H s polime húa ca xenluloz l: 3240000 20000 162 Cõu 21: Chn A Cõu 22: Chn B Cõu 23: Chn C Cht Thuc th Dung dch AgNO3/NH3, un nh Cu(OH)2, lc nh Nc brom X (Glucoz) Y (anilin) khụng cú kt ta dung dch xanh Cu(OH)2 khụng lam tan cú kt ta trng mt mu kt ta trng Z (saccaroz) khụng cú kt ta dung dch xanh lam khụng hin tng T (fructoz) cú kt ta trng dung dch xanh lam khụng hin tng Cõu 24: Chn D - Ta cú: n H2O n CH3COOC6H5 0,1 mol v n CH3OH n HCOOCH3 0,05 mol BTKL m mX 40n NaOH 18n H 2O 32n CH3OH 25, (g) Cõu 25: Chn B - Mg hp cht ch cú s oxi húa l +2 nờn cho tỏc dng vi dung dch HCl v khớ Cl2 u cho MgCl2 (mui) Cõu 26: Chn D BT: O a 0,01 mol p dng bt bóo hũa: n CO2 n H2O (k 1) a k 3COO 3CC n Br2 0, 08 mol Vy cho x mol X tỏc dng vi dung dch Br2 thỡ: x Cõu 27: Chn B B Trong mỏu ngi cha mt lng nh glucoz vi hm lng khong 0,1% Cõu 28: Chn A Tn Thnh Hong Phan Trang Cp nht thng xuyờn cỏc thi th mi nht trờn c nc - Phn ng: 2K + 2H2O + CuSO4 Cu(OH)2 xanh lam + K2SO4 + H2 Cõu 29: Chn A - Cú trng hp xut hin n mũn in hoỏ hc l: (c), (e) Cõu 30: Chn D - Cú cht tha l: glucoz, fructoz, axit fomic + Lu ý: anehit hũa tan c Cu(OH)2 mụi trng kim, un núng Cõu 31: Chn A - Ta cú: mtng = 250 247,7 = 2,3 (g) v n Cu(NO3 )2 0,05 mol 0, 05 n (64n 2R) R 27 : Al n Cõu 32: Chn A - Vỡ n HCOOC2H5 n NaOH mrn = 68nHCOONa = 6,8 (g) 2,3 Cõu 33: Chn D Cõu 34: Chn C - Khi t chỏy hon ton mt este no, n chc, mch h luụn thu c n CO2 n H2O Cõu 35: Chn D Cõu 36: Chn B - Cỏc kim loi ng sau H dóy in húa khụng tỏc dng vi H2SO4 loóng Cõu 37: Chn B - Gi a v b ln lt l s mol ca Fe v Cu Xột hn hp cha 20 gam Fe 2O3 v CuO ta cú : 56n Fe 64n Cu 14,8 56a 64b 14,8 a 0,15 160.0,5a 80b 20 b 0,1 160n Fe2O3 80n CuO m T - Dung dch T gm K+, Na+, OH- v NO3- Khi nung cht rn khan T thỡ : 17n OH 46n NO2 25,86 n OH 0,06 mol 17n OH 46n NO2 m rắn 39n K 23n Na BTDT n NO2 0,54 mol n OH n NO2 0,6 n OH n NO2 n K n Na - Dung dch X gm Fe2+, Fe3+, Cu2+(0,2 mol) v NO3- (vi n NO3 n NO2 0,54 mol ) Xột dd X cú : 2n 3n Fe3 0,34 n 0,11mol 2n Fe2 3n Fe3 n NO3 2n Cu + Fe Fe n Fe2 n Fe3 n Fe n Fe2 n Fe3 0,15 n Fe3 0,04 mol m dung dịch HNO3 (1 0, 48) n + n H2O(X) n H2O(sản phẩm) + m H2 O(trong dung dịch HNO3 ) HNO3 4,12 mol 18 0,04.242 m dung dịch Z m Fe,Cu 62n NO3 18n H2O(X) 122,44(g) C%Fe(NO3 )3 100 7,9 122,44 Cõu 38: Chn C A Sai, Tripeptit kộm bn c mụi trng kim v mụi trng axit B Sai, Dung dch anilin khụng lm i mu qu tớm D Sai, Trong mt phõn t tetrapeptit mch h cha liờn kt peptit Cõu 39: Chn C - Bc ca amin l s nguyờn t H b thay th phõn th NH3 bng cỏc gc hirocacbon Cõu 40: Chn C Tn Thnh Hong Phan Trang ... n C6H12O6 (1) - Khi thy phõn m gam X v cho sn phm tỏc dng vi AgNO3/NH3 thỡ: y 2n C6H12O6 4n C12H22O 11 (2) - T (1) , (2) v kt hp vi d kin n C6H12O6 : n C12H22O 11 :1 ta suy ra: y 4x Cõu 18 : Chn... C2H5COOCH3 10 0% 58, 67% 0,1n C2H5COOH 0 ,15 625n CH3OH 0, 2n C2H5COOCH3 Cõu 16 : Chn A m m FeCl2 12 7n H 19 ,05 (g) % mM Cõu 17 : Chn C - Khi cho 2m gam X tỏc dng vi AgNO3/NH3 thỡ: x 2n C6H12O6... m maxit glutamic 36,5n HCl 40n NaOH 18 n H 2O 6,96 (g) Cõu 10 : Chn B Cõu 11 : Chn A 8,8 H 10 0% 75% 0 ,15 .88 Cõu 12 : Chn A BTKL mX mY mdd KOH NaOH 17 , (g) M X 86 : X l C4H6O2 - Trong dung