109 test bank for business ethics now 4th edition by ghillyer

instrumental value refers to the quality by which the pursuit of one value is a good way to reach another value.. instrumental value refers to the quality by which a value is a good thin

Test Bank for Business Ethics Now 4th Edition by Ghillyer

40 Free Test True – False Questions

25 Free Test Free Text Questions

44 Free Test Bank Multiple Choice Questions

(p 6) Ethical choices that offer the greatest good for the greatest number of people is referred to as _

1 A Universal ethics

2 B Utilitarianism

3 C Ethical reasoning

4 D Metaphilosophy

(p 8) The basic assumption of ethical theory is that:

1 A a person as an individual or community is in control of all the factors that influence the choices they make.

2 B everyone is committed to doing the right thing.

3 C individuals share similar standards in a community.

4 D an individual's pursuit of an ethical ideal should match others' ethical ideals to avoid trouble.

(p 4-5) The difference between intrinsic value and

instrumental value is that:

1 A intrinsic value refers to the adoption of those standards that are ultimately unique to a society.

2 B instrumental value refers to the quality by which the pursuit of one value is a good way to reach another value.

3 C instrumental value refers to the quality by which a value is a good thing in itself and is pursued for its own sake, whether anything comes from that pursuit or not.

4 D intrinsic value refers to values acquired through media and religion.

(p 7) Which of the following is a problem with the universal ethics approach?

1 A The problem with this approach is the reverse of the weakness in ethics for the greater good.

2 B The problem with this approach is the idea that the ends justify the means.

3 C The problem with this approach is that individuals share similar standards in a community.

4 D The problem with this approach is that everyone is committed to doing the right thing.

(p 4) _ refers to a set of personal principles formalized into a code of behavior.

1 A Traditional norm

2 B Value system

3 C Extrinsic norm

4 D Utilitarianism

(p 8) _ refers to a situation in which there is no obvious

"right" or "wrong" decision, but rather a "right" or "right" answer

1 A Less evil principle

2 B Logical inference

3 C Ethical dilemma

4 D Defeasible reasoning

(p 12) At the _ stage, a person is focused on

self-chosen ethical principles that are found to be

comprehensive and consistent

1 A "good boy/nice girl" ethical orientation

2 B law and order orientation

3 C universal ethical principle orientation

4 D obedience and punishment orientation

(p 4) The quality by which a value is a good thing in itself and is pursued for its own sake, whether anything comes from that pursuit or not is called a(n) _

1 A traditional norm

2 B instrumental value

3 C extrinsic norm

4 D intrinsic value

(p.7-8) Which of the following is true of ethical relativism?

1 A The idea of relativism implies some degree of flexibility as opposed to strict black-and-white rules.

2 B The idea of relativism implies that the ends justify the means.

3 C The problem with this approach is that individuals share similar standards in a community.

4 D The problem with this approach is that everyone is committed to doing the right thing.

(p 4) The field of _ is the study of how people try to live their lives according to a standard of "right" or "wrong"

(p 4) Which of the following will most likely influence the moral standards of an individual?

1 A Change of government in the individual's home country

2 B A strict family upbringing

3 C Attitude of people in the neighboring country

4 D An opportunity to learn a foreign language

(p 6) _ is a theory more focused on the outcome of your actions rather than the apparent virtue of the actions

(p 6) Charlotte works at an advertising agency She is

usually late in responding to e-mails She realizes this after

an important project, she was responsible for, was delayed due to similar behavior from her manager Now, Charlotte replies to her e-mails on time Which of the following would indicate that this change in Charlotte's behavior was a result

of adopting the Golden rule?

1 A Charlotte empathized with others when she faced a similar situation.

2 B Charlotte was afraid that her manager would give her a low rating.

3 C Charlotte wanted to impress her colleagues.

4 D Charlotte had no friends and was lonely.

(p 5) The quality by which the pursuit of one value is a good way to reach another value is known as _

(p 6) _ refers to a concept of living your life according

to a commitment to the achievement of a clear ideal

1 A What do your feelings tell you?

2 B What are the alternatives?

3 C What can be done to resolve the problem?

4 D What will people think of you if you don't find a solution?

(p 5) _ is just doing the right thing, and it is something most people can understand and support

1 A Memory conformity

2 B The rule of differentiation

3 C Double think

4 D A simple truth

(p 4) Amanda and Ross have been chosen to go to Ethiopia for their university's International Student Exchange

Program They read about the beliefs, attitudes, practices, norms, traditions, cuisine, and music of Ethiopia to better adapt to the place Amanda and Ross are reading about the _ aspect of Ethiopia

1 A Victoria possesses half a million in her bank account.

2 B Eighty-year Mathew is in good health.

3 C Cathy is always happy.

4 D Fernando is upset with his poor SAT scores.

(p 5) Which of the following is an example of simple truth?

1 A Ronald lives a life true to his moral standard and is considered the ideal son by his parents.

2 B Jonathan's personal value system helps him to stay away from simple conflicts.

3 C Amelia believes that murder is wrong, a view supported by most people.

4 D Cathy respects her parents and is always keen on helping her neighbors.

(p 6) Do unto others as you would have them do unto you explains the _

1 A golden rule

2 B simple truth

3 C moral justice

4 D operational rule

(p 6) The Greek philosopher Aristotle's belief in individual character and integrity established the concept of _

3 C Simple truth is an assumption of the four basic categories of ethics.

4 D Rules of appropriate behavior for a community or society is only applicable to closed societies.

(p 6) Universal ethics argues that:

1 A societies can place different emphasis on different virtues.

2 B ends justify the means.

3 C there are certain principles that should apply to all ethical judgments.

4 D everyone is committed to doing the right thing.

(p 4) Which of the following is true of morals and values?

1 A The terms morals and values define a society, and not an individual.

2 B The term morals is used to refer to an individual while the term values is used in the context of a society.

3 C The terms morals and values are often used to mean the same thing.

4 D Values refer to religious judgments while morals refer to coded behavior.

(p 4) Riley was granted the title of Doctor of Medicine by a medical school in Ohio His parents were extremely happy and content with his achievement The worth attached to the feelings experienced by Riley's parents is an example of _

1 A an unconventional value

2 B an intrinsic value

3 C an instrumental value

4 D the Golden Rule

(p 10) Which of the following is the final step of the step process for solving an ethical problem?

three-1 A Analyze the consequences

2 B Plan a solution

3 C Make a decision

4 D Analyze the actions

(p 11) Which of the following is true of Lawrence Kohlberg's stages of ethical reasoning?

1 A Kohlberg argues that we develop a reasoning process over time, moving through four distinct stages as we are exposed to major influences in our lives.

2 B At the postconventional stage, the lowest level of moral development, a

person's response to the perception of right and wrong is initially directly linked to the expectation of punishment or reward.

3 C At the preconventional stage, the highest level of ethical reasoning, a person makes a clear effort to define principles and moral values that reflect an individual value system rather than simply reflecting a group position.

4 D Stereotypical behavior is recognized, and conformity to that behavior develops

in the conventional stage of moral development.

(p 10) Susan and Jessica are arguing over the importance of Arthur Dobrin's eight questions to be considered when

resolving an ethical dilemma Susan is of the view that these questions are apt and relevant Jessica does not agree with Susan's view Which of the following would weaken Susan's argument?

1 A Arthur Dobrin's eight questions are based on the assumption that feelings are not taken into consideration.

2 B Arthur Dobrin's eight questions are based on the fact that alternative resolutions for one to select from are always present.

3 C Arthur Dobrin's eight questions are based on the fact that there is not enough information available for one to answer the questions.

4 D Arthur Dobrin's eight questions are based on the assumption that there is sufficient time for the degree of contemplation that such questions require.

(p 6) The problem with virtue ethics is that:

1 A it is based on consequentialism.

2 B societies are formed according to the Golden Rule.

3 C societies can place different emphasis on different virtues.

4 D it is based on the idea that the ends justify the means.

(p 4) Society refers to a(n):

1 A environment that does not mention acceptable standard of good and bad behavior.

2 B closed, confined unit in which people have to follow a distinct religion.

3 C group of individuals who share similar psychological order and community resources.

4 D structured community of people bound together by similar traditions and

customs.

(p 8) Joe feels pressured to lie to his client to keep an

important contract because of intense market competition

He feels they will never discover the truth Joe is:

1 A facing a functional fixedness.

2 B facing an ethical dilemma.

3 C contemplating the instrumental value attached to the contract.

4 D expressing a simple truth.

(p 9) The first step in the three-step process for solving an ethical problem is to:

1 A analyze the consequences.

2 B make a plan.

3 C make a decision.

4 D analyze the actions.

(p 5) Alison Anderson, the CEO of Anderson Inc., laid the foundation for an apt professional behavior in her

workplace She was honest, aware, and sensitive and is considered a role model by young entrepreneurs Which of the following basic categories of ethics is depicted in this scenario?

1 A Simple truth

2 B Rules of differentiation

3 C Personal integrity

4 D Rules of appropriate behavior for a community or society

(p 4) _ can be said to have intrinsic value

1 A normative ethics

2 B universal ethics

3 C reductionism

4 D utilitarianism

(p 5) Which of the following indicates the rules of

appropriate individual behavior?

1 A Jamie had a strict family upbringing that had major impact on his personal moral standards.

2 B Mitchell had never lied to her parents or done anything without their consent.

3 C Damian always reaches the workplace before time and is always the last one to leave.

4 D Alice travels to different countries for work and conducts herself according to the culture of the country she visits.

(p 6) The problem with a utilitarian approach to ethics is:

1 A the differing attitudes of various societies to the Golden Rule.

2 B the idea that the ends justify the means.

3 C that societies can place different emphasis on different virtues.

4 D that not everyone is committed to doing the right thing.

40 Free Test Bank for Business Ethics Now 4th Edition

by Ghillyer True - False Questions

(p 8) An ethical dilemma is a situation in which there is no obvious right or wrong decision, but rather a right or right answer

1 True

2 False

(p 5) Simple truth is one of the four basic categories of

ethics and can be expressed simply as doing the right thing

1 True

2 False

(p 9) Due to aggressive competition, Amanda feels

pressured to copy an assignment from a friend and the

Internet to get good grades She feels the professor would not be able to figure out what she did With this ethical

dilemma, the first thing Amanda must do is analyze her

actions without thinking about consequences

1 True

2 False

(p 6) Virtue ethics is the concept of living your life according

to the similar virtues of different societies

(p 6) Ethics for the greater good is also referred to as

(p 11) In the third stage of Kohlberg's stages of ethical

reasoning, a person is focused on meeting the expectations

of friends and coworkers and how something will affect their life

(p 11) The third stage of Kohlberg's stages of ethical

reasoning is law-and-order orientation

1 True

2 False

(p 6-7) The concept of universal ethics argues that there are certain principles that should apply to a select few ethical judgments

1 True

2 False

(p 7) The problem with universal ethics is the idea that the ends justify the means.

(p 8) The basic assumption of ethical theory is that you as

an individual or community are in control of all the factors that influence the choices that you make.

1 True

2 False

(p 8) Ethical dilemmas are the study of how ethical theories are put into practice

1 True

2 False

(p 4) Standards of ethical behavior are absorbed by osmosis

as individuals observe the examples, both positive and

negative, set by everyone around them

(p 4) An intrinsic value means that the pursuit of one value

is a good way to reach another value

1 True

2 False

(p 5) Happiness and health are examples of instrumental values that are pursued to reach another value

(p 7) Ethical relativism is where the traditions of one's

society, one's personal opinions, and the circumstances of the present moment define their ethical principles

1 True

2 False

(p 10) Arthur Dobrin identified 15 questions that one should consider when resolving an ethical dilemma

(p 10) Preconventional is the lowest level of Lawrence

Kohlberg's stages of ethical reasoning

1 True

2 False

(p 9) The first step in resolving an ethical dilemma is to

analyze the actions

1 True

2 False

25 Free Test Bank for Business Ethics Now 4th Edition

by Ghillyer Free Text Questions

(p 4) _ is a particular set of attitudes, beliefs, and

practices that characterize a group of individuals.

Answer Given

Culture

(p 6) Originally attributed to a German philosopher named Immanuel Kant, _ argues that there are certain and

universal principles that should apply to all ethical

The field of ethics is the study of how we try to live our lives according to a

standard of "right" or "wrong" behavior—in both how we think and behave toward others and how we would like them to think and behave toward us For some people it is a conscious choice to follow moral standards or ethical principles while others look to the behavior of people around them to determine what is an

acceptable standard of right and wrong People arrive at the definition of what's right or wrong as a result of many factors, including how they were raised, their religion, and the traditions and beliefs of their society.

(p 4-5) Differentiate between intrinsic and instrumental

value.

Answer Given

Intrinsic value-a value that is a good thing in itself; it is pursued for its own sake, whether anything good comes from the pursuit or not For example, happiness, health, and self-respect can all be said to have intrinsic value.

(p 9) Ethical choices that offer the greatest good for the greatest number of people refers to the ethical approach, proposed by David Hume, known as _.

Answer Given

utilitarianism