The Oxford American Handbook of Anesthesiology is a reliable manual that is geared for quick access, covering a full range of drug options and presenting guidelines for safe and effective patient care. At over 1100 pages in pocket format, it is comprehensive yet thin and light and also uses concise bulleted text, quick reference tabs, fourcolor presentation, and bookmark ribbons to help provide fast answers on the ward. This handbook is ideal for students and residents who want a succinct, comprehensive, and affordable volume in the proven format of the Oxford Handbook series.
A OXFORD MEDICAL PUBLICATIONS Oxford American Handbook of Anesthesiology i ii Published and forthcoming Oxford American Handbooks Oxford American Handbook of Clinical Medicine Oxford American Handbook of Anesthesiology Oxford American Handbook of Clinical Dentistry Oxford American Handbook of Clinical Surgery Oxford American Handbook of Critical Care Oxford American Handbook of Emergency Medicine Oxford American Handbook of ENT and Head and Neck Surgery Oxford American Handbook of Nephrology and Hypertension Oxford American Handbook of Obstetrics and Gynecology Oxford American Handbook of Pediatrics Oxford American Handbook of Psychiatry Oxford American Handbook of Respiratory Medicine www.ketabpezeshki.com 66485457-66963820 11 Oxford American Handbook of Anesthesiology Patrick M McQuillan Professor, Anesthesiology and Pediatrics Department of Anesthesia Penn State Milton S Hershey Medical Center Penn State College of Medicine Hershey, Pennsylvania With Keith G Allman Consultant Anaesthetist Royal Devon and Exeter Healthcare NHS Trust, UK Iain H Wilson Consultant Anaesthetist Royal Devon and Exeter Healthcare NHS Trust, UK www.ketabpezeshki.com 66485457-66963820 iii A Great Clarendon Street, Oxford OX2 6DP Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offices in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries Published in the United States by Oxford University Press Inc., New York © Oxford University Press, 2008 The moral rights of the authors have been asserted Database right, Oxford University Press (maker) First published 2008 All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization Inquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover and you must impose the same condition on any acquirer British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data McQuillan, Patrick M Oxford American handbook of anesthesiology / Patrick M McQuillan; with Keith G Allman, Iain H Wilson p ; cm Adapted from: Oxford handbook of anaesthesia / edited by Keith G Allman and Iain H Wilson 2nd ed 2006 Includes bibliographical references and index ISBN-13: 978–0–19–530120–5 (alk paper) Anesthesiology—Handbooks, manuals, etc [DNLM: Anesthesia—methods—Handbooks Anesthetics—Handbooks Surgical Procedures, Operative—Handbooks WO 39 M4787o 2008] I Title: Handbook of anesthesiology II Allman, Keith III Wilson, Iain, Dr IV Oxford handbook of anaesthesia V Title RD82.2.M42 2008 617.9’6—dc22 2007043122 Typeset by Newgen Imaging Systems (P) Ltd., Chennai, India Printed in China on acid-free paper by Phoenix Offset ISBN 978–0–19–530120–5 (flexicover) 10 Oxford University Press makes no representation, express or implied, that the drug dosages in this book are correct Readers must therefore always check the product information and clinical procedures with the most up-to-date published product information and data sheets provided by the manufacturers and the most recent codes of conduct and safety regulations The authors and the publishers not accept responsibility or legal liability for any errors in the text or for the misuse or misapplication of material in this work Except where otherwise stated, drug dosages and recommendations are for the non-pregnant adult who is not breast-feeding www.ketabpezeshki.com 66485457-66963820 ii A Preface The first edition of the Oxford Handbook of Anaesthesia was released in the United Kingdom in 2000 The handbook proved popular in many countries throughout the world and low cost editions were made available in several developing countries The handbook was found to be a practical guide to anesthesia providing concise and readily available information and advice for many common problems encountered in clinical practice In 2006 the editors and Oxford University Press decided to release an American edition Americanizing a principally international text involves much more than merely changing the ae’s and oe’s to e, and the common expressions used in the UK to those more familiar in the United States Although anesthesia practice is remarkably similar around the world, there are distinct differences Every attempt was made to update and adapt recommendations, guidelines, and references of primarily UK organizations and councils to their American counterparts such as the changes made in the Difficult Airway Algorithm, ACLS, and PALS Drugs and drug formularies vary widely throughout the world Again, every attempt was made to include only those drugs available in the United States Much of anesthesia practice is personal preference and, as we know, there are many ways to things right Thus, readers will find that what is reflected in many of the chapters is relative to the author’s own preferences Examples include the choice of induction agents, narcotics (such as alfentanil or remifentanil) vasodilators, ionotropes, and vasopressors In those instances a variety of options have been included in the text In addition to the chapters on preoperative assessment and specific anesthesia techniques, readers will find Chapter 42 of interest It includes a variety of anesthesia data This chapter provides, in one convenient location, information on physiologic testing, equations, normal values, and useful web sites that frequently are difficult to locate and require reviewing a variety of sources I hope you will find this edition a valuable addition to your clinical practice and please note that any omissions or errors are solely my responsibility Best regards, Patrick M McQuillan, MD 2007 www.ketabpezeshki.com 66485457-66963820 v This page intentionally left blank www.ketabpezeshki.com 66485457-66963820 11 Acknowledgments This edition would not be possible without, and I am particularly grateful for, the expert editorial assistance of the team at the Oxford University Press in New York, the guidance and counsel of Keith Allman and Iain Wilson, and the exceptional proofreading skills of Angela Amin, MD, Steven Rath, MD, and Roger Williams, MD, whom I am sure will have long and productive careers, hopefully in academic anesthesiology I would like to thank the following individuals for their contributions: Barry Baker, Anna Batchelor, Mark Bellamy, Simon Berg, Colin Berry, Hannah Blanshard, Andrew Bodenham, Bruce Campbell, John Carlisle, Tracey Clayton, David Conn, Tim Cook, Julius Cranshaw, Adrian Dashfield, Peter Davies, John Dean, James Eldridge, Rhys Evans, Andrew Farmery, Simon Galloway, Richard Griffiths, Carl Gwinnutt, Jane Halsall, Mark Hamilton, Jeffrey Handel, Paul Harvey, Graham Hocking, Kath Jenkins, Gavin Kenny, Bruce McCormick, Andrew McIndoe, Alexander Manara, Paul Marshall, Alan Merry, Quentin Milner, Julia Munn, Peter Murphy, Monty Mythen, Barry Nicholls, Richard Nickalls, Jerry Nolan, Aidan O'Donnell, Jonathan Purday, Fred Roberts, Anne Rossiter, Matt Rucklidge, John Saddler, David Sanders, Babinder Sandhar, Robert Self, Peter Shirley, Paul Sice, Michael Sinclair, Mark Stoneham, James Szymankiewicz, Richard Telford, Stephen Townley, Anne Troy, David Walker, Jon Warwick, Gavin Werrett, Ralph Worms, and Gordon Yuill My personal thanks are also extended to Julien F Biebuyck, MD, PhD for his inspiration and encouragement to follow an academic anesthesia career, Berend Mets, MBChB, PhD, FRCA, FFASA for his personal guidance and mentorship, all of my anesthesia and surgical colleagues who make it a pleasure to come to work every day, our patients whose health is improved by our efforts, and, foremost, my wife and family who unselfishly share their time with my profession Patrick M McQuillan, MD www.ketabpezeshki.com 66485457-66963820 vii This page intentionally left blank www.ketabpezeshki.com 66485457-66963820 1180 INDEX cerebrovascular disease 242, 335 cervical cerclage 626, 786 cervical discectomy 487 cervical fusion 487 cervical plexus blocks 1115, 1115–16 cervical spinal fracture 502, 504 Cesarean section antacid prophylaxis 756 blood loss 764 classification 744 combined spinal/epidural 750, 759 epidural 746, 752, 759 failed intubation 755 general anesthesia 754, 759, 777–8 inadequate anesthesia 752 mortality 26 postoperative analgesia 757, 759 preload 753 regional anesthesia 744–5, 778 spinal 748, 752, 759 Chagas’ disease 297 Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease 297 CHARGE association 297 Charles’ law 1154 Chediak–Higashi syndrome 297 chemical burns 880 chemoreceptor trigger zone 1090 cherubism 298 chest compressions 900 chest CT 105 chest injury 396, 857–8, 866 chest wall 122 chest X-ray 105 children, see pediatrics Child’s classification 142 chloride 1167 chloroprocaine 1108 cholecystectomy 545, 556, 1161 cholestasis 148 cholesterol, total 1167 cholinesterase 1032–3, 1167 chondrodysplasia punctata 299 chondroectodermal dysplasia 303 Christ–Siemens–Touraine syndrome 294 chromophores 704 chronic bronchitis 116 chronic granulomatous disease 298 chronic hepatic disease 142 chronic hepatitis 142 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 116, 335 chronic renal failure 130, 132, 133 circlage 626, 786 circulatory arrest 355–6 circumcision 607, 836 cirrhosis 142 cis-atracurium 1034 cleft lip and palate 840 clonazepam 240 clonidine ischemic heart disease 48 pediatrics 809 regional anesthesia 1110 clopidogrel 228–9 club foot 842 coagulation disorders 218, 219, 220, 221 coagulation tests 221 cocaine 286, 287, 1109, 1112 Cockayne’s syndrome 298 Cockcroft-Gault formula 130 codeine 1072, 1074 cognitive dysfunction 31, 721 ‘colds’ 806–7 cold shock 952 collapsing pulse 62 colloids 1059–60, 1061 colorectal surgery 1161 colposuspension 625 combined spinal/epidural Cesarean section 750, 759 labor 733, 759 Combitube 975 communication 898 compartment syndrome 508, 875 competitive pacing 96 complaints 1012 complete heart block 92 compressed spectral array 1026 compression stockings 11 computerized tomography (CT) 710, 712–13, 864, 870 cone biopsy 625 congenital adrenal hyperplasia 298 congenital analgesia 298 congenital contractures 295 www.ketabpezeshki.com congenital heart disease 76–80 congenital hypothyroidism 298 congenital myopathy 298 congenital red cell aplasia 296 congestive heart failure 335 Conn’s syndrome 174 Conradi–Hunermann syndrome 299 consent 18–19, 731, 807, 890 constrictive pericarditis 70 continuous muscle fiber activity syndrome 309 continuous spinal anesthesia 1145 conus medullaris injury 38 Cormack and Lehane classification 963 Cornelia de Lange syndrome 299 coronary angiography 46 coronary artery bypass grafting 340, 344 Corrigan’s sign 62 cortisol 170, 1167 Costello syndrome 299 cosyntropin test 170 court orders 18–19 COX-1 inhibitors 1068 COX-2 inhibitors 1068, 1070 crack cocaine 287 craniocarpotarsal dysplasia 304 craniotomy 406, 420 C-reactive protein 1167 creatine kinase 1167 creatinine 130, 1167 creatinine clearance 130, 1057 CREST syndrome 200, 299 cretinism 298 Creutzfeldt–Jacob disease 299 cricoarytenoid fixation 194–5 cricoid pressure 1014 cricothyroidotomy 932–4, 933, 978 cricothyroid puncture 989 cri-du-chat syndrome 300 critical illness 853–96 crossmatch 1045 croup 846–7 Crouzon’s disease 300 cruciate ligament repairs 479 66485457-66963820 INDEX1 cryoprecipitate 1040, 1041, 1042–3 cryptophthalmos 304 crystalloids 1058–9, 1061 Cushing response 915 Cushing’s syndrome 172 cutis laxa 300 cyclosporin 74 cystectomy 600 cystic fibrosis 118, 120 cystic hygroma 300 cytochrome P450 system 143 cytoscopy 588–9 D dacrocystorhinostomy 689 dalteparin 11 Dalton’s law of partial pressure 1154 Dandy–Walker syndrome 300 day case surgery 695–702 dead space 1154 deafness 32 death anesthetic-related 26, 30 in operating room 1010 decortication 388 deep brain stimulation 245 deep cervical plexus block, 1116 deep hypothermic circulatory arrest 355 deep peroneal nerve 1136, 1137 deep vein thrombosis 10 defibrillation 773, 901, 902 dehydration 800, 1057, 1058 delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions 1043 delayed neurological deficit 424 delirium 31 Delleman syndrome 300 dementia 277 De Musset’s sign 62 dental damage 32 dental surgery anesthesia 668 cardiac arrhythmias 660, 668 extraction 662, 669, 670 sedation 671 dependence 1084 depression 276 depth of anesthesia 1026, 1027, 1028 dermatomes 1146, 1147 dermatomyositosis 300 desflurane 1158 desmopressin 231 dexamethasone 1093 dextrans 12, 1060 dextrose adjuvant 1110 dextrose solutions 1059, 1062 diabetes mellitus 156, 158, 159, 160 cardiovascular risk 333, 335 day case surgery 697 diamorphine 1071, 1072 diaphragmatic hernia 826 diaphragm rupture 396, 867–8 diclofenac 6, 1070, 1074 difficult airway pediatrics 971 predicting 963, 963–5, 964 unanticipated 968, 969 diffusing capacity 105 DiGeorge syndrome 301 digital nerve blocks 1127, 1136 digit re-implantation 498 digoxin 1169 dihydropyridines 48 dilatation and curettage (D&C) 613 dilated cardiomyopathy 73 dipyridamole 228 dipyridamole thallium scintography 46 disability 860 ‘disappearing bone disease’ 307 discectomy 487 disease modifying antirheumatoid drugs (DMARDs) 195 disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) 221, 232, 1042 dizziness 31 dobutamine stress echocardiography 46 dolasetron 1093 L-dopa 244 dopaminergic drugs 244 double-burst stimulation 1035–6, 1036, 1037 double-lumen endobronchial tubes 372–5, 373 Down’s syndrome 78, 301 driving 697 droperidol 1092 drotrecogin alfa 227 drowsiness 31 www.ketabpezeshki.com drug abuse 286 drug metabolism 143 Dubowitz syndrome 302 Duchenne muscular dystrophy 266 Dupuytren’s contracture 498, 534 dural puncture 738, 1079 Dutch–Kennedy syndrome 308 dwarfism 302 Dyggve–Melchior–Clausen syndrome 302 dynamic fluid challenge 1058 dysautonomia 302 dysesthesias 1087 dyspnea 102 dystrophia myotonica 264 E Eagle–Barrett syndrome 320 ear exostoses 654 ear, nose and throat surgery 629–58 ear prominence 523 ear tubes 637 Eaton–Lambert syndrome 258, 316 Ebstein’s abnormality 302 echocardiography 340 eclampsia 774, 780 Ecstasy 286, 287 ectopic beats 86, 90 ectopic pregnancy 624 edrophonium 256, 1036–7 Edward’s syndrome 302 Ehlers–Danlos syndrome 302 Eisenmenger’s syndrome 79, 303 ejection fraction 53, 1153 elastic degeneration 300 elbow arthroplasty 494 elbow blocks 1124, 1126 elderly 719–26 electrical burns 880–1 electrocardiogram 46, 1030 electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) 19, 288 electroencephalography 1026 electrolyte therapy 1056, 1057, 1058, 1062 electromagnetic interference 96 Ellis–Van Crevald disease 303 emancipated children 18 66485457-66963820 1181 1182 INDEX emergencies 897–960 emergency surgery, cardiovascular risk 333 EMLA cream 808, 1109 emphysema 116 empyema drainage 388 endocarditis prophylaxis 1160 endocrine surgery 575–86 endometrium 626 endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) 1161 endotracheal tubes misplaced 930, 972 pediatrics 803, 803, 850 endovascular stent 447 enoxaparin 11 entacapone 244 entonox 1071 enucleation 692 environmental control 860 eosinophils 1166 epidermolysis bullosa 303 epidural abscess 33, 39–40, 41, 1079 epidural analgesia 1078 anatomy 1142, 1143 backache 788 benefits 1078 Cesarean section 746, 752, 759 complications 32, 33, 736, 788–9, 1079 contraindications 1078 day case surgery 699 drugs 1080 labor 252, 732–6, 734, 738, 759, 788–90 laparotomy 540–1 pediatrics 822 walking 789–90 epidural blood patch 739, 742–3 epidural hematoma 32, 40–1, 1079, 1100 epiglottitis 846–7 epilepsy 238, 239, 240, 697 epinephrine 958, 959, 1110 epoprostenol 226 eptifibatide 229 ergot derivatives 244 erythema multiforme 303 erythropoetin 1046 escharotomy 878 esophageal contractility 1026 esophageal Doppler monitoring 1022, 1023, 1154 esophageal intubation 972 esophageal rupture 396–7, 924 esophageal staple transection 152 esophageal stent insertion 398 esophageal varices 152 esophagectomy 394 esophagoscopy (and dilatation) 398 essential thrombocythemia 234 estimated MAP 1153 etanercept 196 etidocaine 1108 Eulenberg’s disease 318 evacuation of retained products of conception 614 evisceration 692 examination under anesthesia, eyes 692 exercise ECG 46 exercise pulse oximetry 369 exercise testing 46, 369, 1030 exercise tolerance 45, 47, 102, 333 expiratory reserve volume 1154 exposure 860 extensor tendon repair 534 external angular dermoid 534 extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy 603 extradural hematoma 410 extubation 992 eye blocks 33, 678, 679 eye surgery 673–94 F Fabry syndrome 303 facelift 524 facemasks 802 facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy 266 factor V Leiden mutation 303 factor VIIa 231, 1041 failed angioplasty 344 failed intubation 30, 755, 930, 931, 972, 985 familial A-lipoprotein deficiency 323 familial amaurotic idiocy 323 www.ketabpezeshki.com familial periodic paralysis 303 familial polyposis coli 305 Fanconi’s anemia 303 Fanconi syndrome 304 Farber’s disease 304 fasting day case surgery 697 labor 788 pediatrics 808 fat embolism syndrome 465 favism 216 Felty’s syndrome 304 femoral neck fracture 510, 510–12, 512 femoral nerve block 699, 1130 femoral osteotomy 843 femorodistal bypass 454 femorofemoral crossover graft 454 femoropopliteal bypass 454 fentanyl acute pain 1071 equianalgesic dosage 1072 intrathecal 1080 patches/lollipops 1073 patient-controlled analgesia 1076 premedication Ferguson reflex 789 ferritin 1167 A-fetoprotein 144, 1167 fiber-optic bronchoscopy 374, 398 fibrinolytics 230 fibrodysplasia ossificans 304 fibromatosis 304 field block 699 first rib resection 460 flap chart 527 flexible cytoscopy 588 flexor tendon repair 534 flow volume loops 104 fludrocortisone 170 fluid balance laparotomy 544 neonates and infants 798–9, 799 postoperative 106 fluid compartments 1056 fluid resuscitation 800, 803, 858 fluid therapy 1056, 1057, 1058, 1062 fluid warming 542 focal dermal hypoplasia 306 folate 1167 fondaparinux 226, 1102 Fontan repair 79 66485457-66963820 INDEX1 foot blocks 1135–6 foot surgery 482, 483 Forbes’ disease 306 forced air warming 542 forced expiration in 1s (FEV1) 104, 369, 1152 forced vital capacity (FVC) 104, 1152 foreign body inhalation 658, 844 fractional excretion of sodium 136 fragilitas ossium 317 framing 20 Fraser syndrome 304 free flap surgery 526, 660 Freeman–Sheldon syndrome 304 fresh frozen plasma 1040, 1041, 1042–3 Friedreich’s ataxia 304 Frova intubation stylet 974 fruit allergy 1000 full-thickness skin graft 532 functional capacity 45 functional endoscopic sinus surgery 654 functional residual capacity 1154 fundoplication 399 G Gaisbock’s syndrome 305 gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase 144, 1167 Gardner’s syndrome 305 gargoylism 308 gas embolism 551, 922 gas insufflation 550, 551 gas laws 1154 gas trapping 927 gastrectomy 545 gastric acidity 6, gastric emptying gastrinoma 177 gastro-esophageal reflux gastrointestinal secretions 1058 gastroschisis 828 Gaucher’s disease 305 Gay–Lussac’s law 1154 gelatins 1059–60 gentamicin 1169 giant platelet syndrome 296 Gilbert’s syndrome 148, 305 Girdlestone osteotomy 512 Glanzmann’s disease 305 Glasgow Coma Score 863 gliomas 418 globe perforation 33 glomerular filtration rate 130 glomus jugulare tumors 305 glucagonoma 178, 305 glucose, fasting 1167 glucose potassium insulin regime (GKI) 160 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency 216, 306 glycogenoses 306 glycogen storage disease 306 glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors 229 glycosylated Hb 1167 Goldenhar syndrome 306 Goltz–Gorlin syndrome 306 Goodpasture’s syndrome 306 good practice Gorham syndrome 307 graduated compression stockings 11 granisetron 1093 greater occipital nerve block 1115 groin dissection 535 Gronbald–Strandberg disease 320 growth hormone 1167 Guedel’s sign 687 Guglielmi detachable coils 427 Guillain–Barré syndrome 261 gum elastic bougie 974 gynecological surgery 611–28 gynecomastia 534 H Hagen-Poiseuille law 1164 Hallermann–Streiff syndrome 307 Hallervorden–Spatz disease 307 haloperidol 1093 halothane hepatitis 149 pediatrics 811 pregnancy 784 hand–heart syndrome 308 Hand–Schuller–Christian disease 307 hand surgery 496, 498 H2 antagonists 6, www.ketabpezeshki.com Hartmann’s pouch reversal 545 Hartmann’s procedure 545 Hartnup disease 307 Hay–Wells syndrome 308 HDL cholesterol 1167 headache postdural puncture 33, 738, 739–40, 1079 postoperative 29, 31 head and neck blocks 1114, 1115 head and neck surgery 1161 head injuries 862, 865 analgesia 882 CT scan 864 intensive care unit 411, 412, 864, 865 intubation and ventilation 862, 864 postoperative management 411 heart, congenital disease 76–80 heart block 92, 93 heart failure 52, 53, 333 heart–lung transplantation 75 heart murmurs 68, 807 heart transplantation 74 heart valve disease 58–68 replacement 346, 346–52, 348, 349, 350, 352 heat and moisture exchange filter 542 heat stroke 272 Hecht–Beals syndrome 308 HELLP syndrome 781 hemangioblastoma 418 hematemesis 547 hematocrit 4, 1166 hematology neonates and infants 796, 796–7 reference ranges 1166 hemicolectomy 545 hemifacial microsomia 306 hemochromatosis 307 hemodialysis 134 hemoglobin anemia 206 blood transfusion 1044–5 preoperative testing 4, 806 reference range 1166 hemoglobin SC disease 210 hemolytic uremic syndrome 307 hemophilia 220, 221 hemophilia A 220, 221 66485457-66963820 1183 1184 INDEX hemophilia B 220, 221 hemorrhage fluid resuscitation 858 obstetric 764 hemorrhagic telangiectasia 307 hemorrhoidectomy 538, 559 hemostatic drug therapy 231 hemothorax 857 Henoch–Schönlein purpura 308 heparin 225–6 central neuraxial blocks 1100, 1101 thrombocytopenia 226 venous thromboembolism prophylaxis 11 hepatic disease 139–54, 221, 333 hepatic encephalopathy 140 hepatic failure 141, 144, 146 hepatic resection 570, 570–1 hepatic transplantation 564–6, 566, 1042 hepatitis, chronic 142 hepatitis B 141, 142 hepatitis C 141, 142 hepatocellular injury 148 hepatolenticular degeneration 308 hepatopulmonary syndromes 564 hepatorenal syndrome 140, 150 hereditary coproporphyria 212 hereditary spherocytosis 216 herniorraphy 834 heroin 286 hiatal hernia repair 399 ‘hibernating myocardium’ 53 Hickman-type lines 1016, 1017, 1020 ‘hidden eye’ 304 high pressure system checkout 1172 hip arthroplasty 470 bilateral 472 revision 474 hip fracture 510, 510–12, 512 hip table 511 hirudins 226 histiocytic granulomata 307 histiocytosis X 312 Holt–Oram syndrome 308 homocystinuria 308 hormone replacement therapy 13 hormone resuscitation 435, 436 human serum albumin 1059 Hunter syndrome 315 Huntington’s chorea 308 Hurler syndrome 308, 315 Hutchinson–Gilford syndrome, see progeria hyaluronidase 1110 hydrocephalus shunts 408 subarachnoid hemorrhage 425 hydrocortisone 170 hydrofluoric acid 880 hydroxyethyl starches (HES) 1060, 1062 hyperacute hepatic failure 141 hyperalgesia 1087 hyperbaric oxygen 878 hypercalcemia 580 hypercalcemic crisis 166 hypercoagulability syndromes 234 Hypericum perforatum 280 hyperkalemia 182 hypernatremia 186 hyperparathyroidism 166, 166–7, 580–1 hyperperfusion syndrome 452 hypertension 56, 333 pregnancy-induced 774 severe in operating room 914 hyperthyroidism 162, 163 hypertonic saline 1061 hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy 72 hyperuricemia 312 hyperviscosity syndrome 308 hypocalcemia 579 hypoglycemia 157 hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia 294 hypokalemia 180 hypokalemic familial periodic paralysis 309 hyponatremia 184 hypoparathyroidism 167 hypophysectomy 414 hypoplastic left heart syndrome 309 hypospadias 535, 838 hypospadias dysphagia syndrome 317 hypotension 912 www.ketabpezeshki.com hypothalamic–pituitary– adrenal suppression 170 hypothermia 355–6, 542, 858 hypothermic therapy 884 hypothyroid coma 163–4 hypothyroidism 162, 163 hypovolemia 800, 858 hypovolemic shock 858, 858–60 hypoxemia 916 hysterectomy abdominal 620 antibiotic prophylaxis 1161 laparoscopy-assisted vaginal 623 vaginal 622 Wertheim’s 621 hysteroscopy 613 I ibuprofen 1070, 1074 ichthyosis 309 idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura 309 iliohypogastric block 824 ilioinguinal block 824 immunosuppression 74 implantable cardioverter defibrillators 97, 362 ‘incompetent’ 19 infantile gigantism 295 infant physiology 794, 795, 796, 796–7, 797, 799; see also pediatrics infection 886 infliximab 196 informed consent, see consent inguinal field block 1140 inguinal hernia 558 inhalational analgesia 1071 inhalation induction 811, 812, 986 inhaled foreign body 655, 844 inoculation injuries 1002 inspiratory reserve volume 1154 insulin 156, 159, 159–60, 160 insulinoma 178 intensive care unit CT scan 713 head injury 411, 412, 864, 865 MRI 716–17 postoperative admission 108 transfer to operating room 890 66485457-66963820 INDEX1 intercostal nerve block 1139 interincisor gap 964 intermittent cross-clamping and fibrillation 338 intermittent pneumatic compression devices 11 international normalized ratio (INR) 144, 224, 1166 interpleural block 1140 interscalene block 490, 1119–20 intestinal perforation 547 intra-abdominal hypertension 137 intra-arterial injection 940 intra-articular block 1135 intracameral anesthesia 682 intracerebral hematoma 410 intracranial aneurysms 422 intracranial hematoma 410 intracranial pressure 402–4, 864 intradermal testing 997–8 intraocular lens implant 686 intraocular pressure 674 intraosseus access 812, 955 intravenous fluid composition 1062 intubating laryngeal mask airway 974, 975 intubation awake fiber-optic 966, 988 can’t intubate, can’t ventilate 932, 933, 968, 978 difficult 30, 815, 968, 974, 975, 992 failed 30, 755, 930, 931, 972, 985 head injury 862, 864 pediatrics 814–15 retrograde 975–6 severe injury 856 intussusception 833 invasive cardiovascular monitoring 48 in vitro contracture test 270 iohexol 712 iron 1168 Isaac’s syndrome 309 ischemic heart disease 44, 45, 47 isocarboxazid 282 isoflurane 784, 1157 isolated forearm technique 1026 isonox 1071 Ivemark syndrome 309 J jaundice 148 Jehovah’s Witnesses 1052 Jervell–Lange–Nielsen syndrome 309 jet ventilation 644–5, 645 Jeune’s syndrome 310 Joubert syndrome 310 junctional tachycardia 87 juvenile Huntington’s disease 308 K Kartagener’s syndrome 310 Kawasaki disease 310 Kearns–Sayer syndrome 310 Kelly–Paterson syndrome, see Plummer–Vinson syndrome Kenny–Caffey syndrome 310 keratoconjunctivitis sicca 322 ketamine 1014–15 abuse 286 adjuvant 1110 and midazolam 1015 pediatrics 809 pregnancy 784 ketorolac 1070, 1074 King–Denborough syndrome 272, 310 Kinnier–Wilson disease 308 Klinefelter syndrome 310 Klippel–Feil syndrome 311 Klippel–Trenaunay syndrome 311 knee arthroplasty 476, 510 Kniest syndrome 311 Kugelberg Welander syndrome, see spinal muscular atrophy kyphoscoliosis 488 L labor analgesia 730 combined spinal/epidural 733, 759 epidurals 252, 732–6, 734, 738, 759, 788–90 www.ketabpezeshki.com fasting/feeding 788 regional analgesia 731 spinal cord lesions 252 laparoscopic surgery anesthesia 550 cholecystectomy 556 sterilization 616 urological 601 laparoscopy 616 laparotomy 538–44, 539, 545, 625 ‘sick’ 546, 547 Laplace’s law for a sphere 1164 Larsen’s syndrome 311 laryngeal mask airway difficult 965 endotracheal tube size 975 intubating 974, 975 pediatrics 802, 803, 850 ProSeal 974, 975 laryngectomy 648 laryngoscopes 803 laryngoscopy 656 laryngospasm 813, 920, 970 laryngotracheobronchitis 846–7 laser ablation 625 laser prostatectomy 591 laser surgery 703–8 lateral cutaneous nerve block 1132 latex allergy 1000 Laurence–Moon syndrome 311 LDL cholesterol 1167 Leber’s disease 311 left atrial pressure 1153 left bundle branch block 92 left ventricular pressure 1153 left ventricular stroke work index 1153 Leigh’s syndrome 311 LEOPARD syndrome 312 lepirudin 226 leprechaunism 312 Lesch–Nyhan syndrome 312 lesser occipital nerve block 1115 Letterer–Siwe disease 312 levobupivacaine 1108, 1109, 1112 Lichtenberg flowers 881 lidocaine 1108, 1109, 1112 lightning 881 limb fractures 506 limb–girdle muscular dystrophy 266 limb injuries 875 linezolid 282 66485457-66963820 1185 1186 INDEX liothyronine (T3) 1168 replacement 435, 436 lipodystrophy 312 lipogranulomatosis 304 liposuction 530 lithium 284, 1169 litigation 1011 liver disease 139–54, 221, 333 liver failure 141, 144, 146 liver function tests 144 liver resection 570, 570–1 liver transplantation 564–6, 566, 1042 living wills 18 lobectomy 382 local anesthesia accidental IV injection 737 adjuvants 1110 agents 1108, 1109 cardiac arrest 33 intraocular surgery 676, 676–8, 678, 679 maximum recommended doses 1112 spinal anesthesia 1143, 1144 toxicity 33, 34, 1112, 1113 log-roll 874 long QT syndrome 312 long-term venous access 1016, 1017, 1018 loop colostomy/leostomy 545 lorazepam low birth weight 794 lower esophageal contractility 1026 lower extremity blocks 1130, 1131, 1133, 1134, 1137 lower intestinal perforation 547 Lowe syndrome 312 low molecular weight heparin 11, 221, 226, 1100, 1101 low pressure system checkout 1172 LSD 286 lumbar plexus block 1130, 1131 lumbosacral nerve root injury 37 Lund and Browder chart 879 lung biopsy 398 lung isolation 372, 373 lung resection 369, 382 lung transplantation 127 lung volume reduction surgery 386 lung volumes 1154 lupus anticoagulant 221 LV-aortic gradient 60 lymphocytes 1166 M MAC values 1026, 1027, 1028, 1156, 1157, 1158 Maffucci syndrome 313 magnesium 1168 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 710, 714 major tranquilizers 284 major trauma 500, 954 malignant hyperthermia 268, 272, 936 Mallampati test 964 mandibular fractures 667 mandibular osteotomy 664 mandibulofacial dysostosis 313 mannitol 674 MAP estimate 1153 Mapleson classification 1151 maple syrup urine disease 313 marble bones, see osteopetrosis Marchiafava–Micheli syndrome 313 Marfan’s syndrome 313, 771 Maroteaux–Lamy syndrome 315 Marshall–Smith syndrome 314 mask ventilation 965, 970 masseter muscle spasm 269 massive hemothorax 857 mastoidectomy 654 mastopexy 520 maternal resuscitation 772 maxillary osteotomy 664 maxillofacial surgery 660 Mayfield 3-point fixator 407 McArdle’s disease 306 McCune–Albright syndrome 293 MDMA (Ecstasy) 286, 287 mean arterial pressure 1153 mean cell hemoglobin 1166 mean cell volume 1166 Meckel–Gruber syndrome 314 Meckel’s syndrome 314 median nerve 1124, 1126 mediastinoscopy 380 www.ketabpezeshki.com mediastinotomy 380 medical therapy, perioperative 48 medulloblastoma 418 Meig’s syndrome 314 melena 547 MEN1 325 MEN2A/MEN2B 322, 582 meningiomas 418 Menkes’ disease 314 meperedine 1071–2, 1072, 1074, 1076, 1080 mepivacaine 1108 meralgia paresthetica 36 MERRF syndrome 314 methadone 1086 methemoglobinemia 1113 methylene blue 581 methylergonovine 766 methylmethacrylate bone cement 466 metoclopramide 6, 9, 1092 microdiscectomy 487 microlaryngeal tube 644 microlaryngoscopy 644 midazolam and ketamine 1015 pediatrics 809 premedication midhumeral block 1123–4, 1125 midlines 1016, 1017 Mikulicz’s syndrome 314 Miller–Fisher syndrome 314 Miller’s syndrome 314 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) 1026, 1027, 1028, 1156, 1157, 1158 minitracheostomy 108 minute ventilation 1154 mitral regurgitation 66, 352 mitral stenosis 64, 350 mitral valve prolapse 67 mitral valve replacement 350, 350–2, 352 mivacurium 1034 mixed venous blood gases 1152 Mobitz type I/II block 92 Moebius syndrome 314 Moffett’s solution 632 Moh’s reconstruction 692 monitors, checkout 1174 monoamine oxidase B inhibitors 244 monoamine oxidase inhibitors 282, 283 monocytes 1166 morbidity 28, 30–3 66485457-66963820 INDEX1 morphine abuse 286 acute pain 1071, 1073 efficiency 1074 equianalgesic doses 1072 intrathecal 1080 patient-controlled analgesia 1076 pediatrics 818 premedication Morquio syndrome 314, 315 mortality 26, 30–3 Moschcowitz disease 315 motor neuron disease (ALS) 262, 293 Mounier–Kuhn syndrome 315 Moyadisease 315 mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome 310 mucopolysaccharidoses 315 mucopolysaccharidosis I 308 mucopolysaccharidosis IV 314 multiple endocrine neoplasia MEN1 325 MEN2A/MEN2B 322, 582 multiple injuries 883 multiple myeloma 308, 315 multiple sclerosis 260 muscular dystrophy 266 myasthenia gravis 254, 255, 256 myasthenic syndrome 258, 316 myocardial contusion 866 myocardial infarction 44, 50, 333, 335, 771 myocardial oxygen supply and demand 330 myocardial reinfarction 30 myomectomy 625 myositis ossificans 316 myotonia atrophica 264 myotonia congenita 265, 316 myotonic dystrophy 264 N Nager syndrome 316 naloxone 1072 naltrexone 1086 Nance Isley syndrome 316 narrow complex arrhythmias 84, 86 narrow complex tachycardia 909 nasal cavity surgery 643 nasal fractures 654 nasal vasoconstrictors 632 nasolacrimal duct probing 692 nausea and vomiting, see postoperative nausea and vomiting neck blocks 1114, 1115 neck dissection 535, 651 needlestick injuries 1002 needle-through-needle technique 750–1 nemaline myopathy 316 neonates physiology 794, 795, 796, 796–7, 799 resuscitation 948, 949, 950 see also pediatrics neostigmine 256, 1036–7 nephrectomy 598 nerve identification 1104, 1105, 1106 nerve injury 32, 34, 36, 37 Nesbitt’s procedure 607 nesidioblastosis 316 neural tube defects 1000 neurapraxia 36 neurofibromatosis 316 neurogenic pulmonary edema 425 neuroleptic malignant syndrome 272, 284 neuroleptics 284 neurological complications 31 neuromuscular blockade agents 1032, 1037 failed reversal 942 reversal 1036–7 neuromuscular monitoring 1035–6, 1037 neuromyotonia 309 neuropathic pain 1087 neurosurgery 401–38 neurotmesis 36 neutrophils 1166 Niemann–Pick disease 317 nifedipine 48 nimodipine 424 Nishimoto–Takeuchi– Kudo–Suzuki’s disease 315 nitrates 48 noncuffed, nontunneled central venous catheter 1016, 1017 nondepolarizing muscle relaxants 1034–5 www.ketabpezeshki.com nonshivering thermogenesis 797 non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) 6, 761, 784, 1068, 1069, 1070 Noonan’s syndrome 317 normal saline 1059, 1062 normal values 1166, 1167–8, 1169 nose, foreign body removal 655 numerical rating scales 1066 O obesity 188, 696 obesity hypoventilation syndrome 188 obstetrics 727–92 malignant hyperthermia 271–2 massive hemorrhage 764 nerve injury 36 spinal cord lesions 252 obstructed airway 634, 980 obstructive sleep apnea 124, 188, 636 obturator nerve block 1132 occlusive thromboaortopathy 323 ocular blocks 33, 676, 678, 679 ocular dystrophy 266 oculoauriculoverterbral syndrome 306 oculocerebrocutaneous syndrome 300 oculocerebrorenal syndrome 312 oculomedullary reflexes 674–5 oculovestibular reflex 432 off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting 342 omeprazole omphalocele 828 ondansetron 1093 Ondine’s curse (Ondine–Hirschsprung disease) 293 one-lung ventilation 372, 376 oocyte retrieval 613 oophorectomy 625 open pneumothorax 857 ophthalmic surgery 673–94 opioids 1071–2 abuse 286 adjuvant 1110 66485457-66963820 1187 1188 INDEX administration routes 1073 antagonists 1072 breastfeeding 761 dependent patients 1084–5 equianalgesic doses 1072 gastric emptying intrathecal 1080 postpartum 757 premedication teratogenicity 784 Opitz–Frais syndrome 317 opium 286 oral contraceptive pills 12 oral surgery 660 oral trauma 32 orchidopexy 837 orchiectomy 607 organ retrieval 434 orphenadrine 244 orthopedic surgery 463–514 Osler–Weber– Rendu syndrome 307 ‘OSMED’ 316 osmolality 1168 osteogenesis imperfecta 317 osteopetrosis 317 otospondylomegepiphyseal dysplasia 316 oxygen content of blood 1164 delivery 1164 postoperative 106 reserves 893 oxytocin 766 P pacemakers 96 packed red cells 1040 packed red cell volume 1166 pain, acute 1065–88; see also postoperative pain pain, chronic 1066 pain measurement 1066 pallidotomy 245 pancuronium 1034 paradoxical air embolism 431 paralytic ileus 544 paramyotonia 265 paramyotonia congenita 318 paraplegia 32 parathyroid disorders 166, 167 parathyroidectomy 580 parathyroid hormone 166, 1168 parecoxib 1070, 1074 parenchymal lung disease 122 Parkinsonism 244, 246 Parkinson’s disease 244, 246 parotidectomy 652 passive insulation 542 Patau’s syndrome 318 patent ductus arteriosus 78, 831 patient-controlled analgesia 1076, 1077 patient state index 1026 Patil test 965 Patterson–Brown– Kelly syndrome 319 PEA arrest 368 peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) 1152 peak flow 104 pectus carinatum 399 pectus excavatum 399 pediatrics 793–852 advanced life support 944, 945 airway management 813, 947, 970 anaphylaxis 958, 959 anesthesia breathing systems 804 anesthetic equipment 802, 803 asthma 956 atropine 850 blood pressure 796, 947 blood volume 796–7 body surface area 850 cannulation 812 caudal block 820, 821 circle absorption systems 804 ‘colds’ 806–7 consent 18, 807 dehydration 800 difficult airway 971 drug doses 850, 947 emergencies 944–58, 945, 946, 948, 949, 950, 952, 954, 956, 958, 959 epidural block 822 equipment 947 facemasks 802 fasting 808 fluid requirements 799 fluid resuscitation 800, 803 Glasgow Coma Score 863 halothane 811 heart murmurs 807 induction 810–12 www.ketabpezeshki.com inhalation induction 811, 812, 987 intraosseus access 812, 955 intubation 814–15 IV induction 811–12 laryngeal mask airway 802, 803, 850 laryngoscopes 803 laryngospasm 813 major trauma 954 mechanical ventilation 804–5 morphine 818 mortality 26 nasopharyngeal airway 802 neonatal resuscitation 948, 949, 950 oropharyngeal airway 802 parental presence at induction 810 physiology 794, 795, 796, 796–7, 799 postoperative nausea and vomiting 816 postoperative pain 818 prematurity/ ex-prematurity 794, 807 premedication 809–10 preoperative assessment 806 pulse 796 pulseless VT 946 rapid sequence induction 815–16, 985 refusal of treatment 18 regional blocks 816, 823, 824 reversal 816 sedation 848–9 sepsis 952 sevoflurane 811 subarachnoid block 822 succinylcholine 850 topical anesthesia 808 tracheal tubes 803, 850 tube fixation 814 ventricular fibrillation 946 weight 797, 850, 947 pedicle flap 527 pelvic fractures 872 pemphigus vulgaris 318 Pendred’s syndrome 318 penetrating eye injury 690 penicillin allergy 996, 1162 prophylactic 1160 penile block 824, 1141 percutaneous coronary intervention 46 66485457-66963820 INDEX1 percutaneous stone removal 602 pergolide 244 peribulbar block 678, 678–81, 679 pericardial disease 70 pericarditis 70 peripherally inserted central catheters 1016, 1017 peripheral nerve injury 32, 36, 37 peripheral nerve stimulation 1035–6, 1037, 1104–5, 1105, 1106 peripheral revascularization 454 peripheral vascular disease 335 peritoneal dialysis 134 peritoneal lavage 870 peritonitis 1161 peritonsillar abscess 640 peroneal muscular atrophy 297 Pfeiffer’s syndrome 318 phantom limb 458 pharmacological stress testing 46 pharmokinetic modelling 1026 pharyngeal pouch 318, 656, 657 pharyngectomy 650 pharyngo-laryngoesophagectomy 657 pharyngoscopy 656 phencyclidine abuse 286 phenelzine 282, 283 phenobarbital 240 phenylketonuria 318 phenytoin 240, 1169 pheochromocytoma 582 phosphate (inorganic) 1168 phosphorus 880 physiological anemia of infancy 796 Pickwickian syndrome 318 Pierre–Robin syndrome 319 pink puffers 116 pituitary surgery 414 placenta, retained 758, 764 placenta accreta 762, 764 placenta increta 762, 763 placental abruption 764 placenta percreta 762, 763 placenta previa 762, 764 plasma cholinesterase 1032–3 plasma derivatives 1040 plastic surgery 515–36 platelet count 1166 platelets 1040, 1041, 1042 pleural effusion 393 pleurectomy 392 pleurodesis 392 Plott’s syndrome 319 Plummer–Vinson syndrome 319 pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis 319 pneumonectomy 382 pneumoperitoneum 550 pneumothorax 857 polycythemia 234 polycythemia vera 234 polymyositis 300 polypectomy 643 Pompe’s disease 306 popliteal block 1134, 1134–5 porphyria 212, 214 portal hypertension 152 portopulmonary syndromes 564 ports 1017, 1019 postdural puncture headache 33, 738, 739–40, 1079 posterior fossa surgery 416, 418 postoperative cognitive dysfunction 721 postoperative headache 29, 31 postoperative hepatic dysfunction/jaundice 148 postoperative nausea and vomiting 29, 31, 1089–96 day case surgery 699 pediatrics 816 postoperative pain 29, 31, 107, 1066 neuropathic 1087 pediatrics 818 see also analgesia postoperative paralytic ileus 544 postoperative recovery of blood 1048 postpartum pituitary necrosis 322 postpoliomyelitis syndrome 319 post-tetanic count 1035–6 potassium 1168 Potter’s syndrome 319 Prader–Willi syndrome 319 pramipexole 244 preauricular sinus 535 prednisolone 170, 171 pre-eclampsia 753, 774 www.ketabpezeshki.com pregnancy cardiac disease 770 ectopic 624 hypertension 774 incidental surgery 782 pheochromocytoma 585 physiological changes 728–9 premedication preoperative testing spinal cord injury 252 teratogenicity 783–4 termination 614 preload 753 premature aging 320 prematurity/ex-prematurity 794, 807 premedication 6, 9, 809–10 preoperative assessment critical illness 890 elderly 722–3 pediatrics 806 preoperative autologous donation 1046 preoperative fasting, see fasting preoperative tests pretibial laceration 535 prilocaine 1108, 1109, 1112, 1113 primary survey 856, 858–60, 860 Pringle maneuver 570 prions 639 procaine 1108 prochlorperazine 1092 progeria 320 progressive external ophthalmoplegia 320 prokinetics prolactin 1168 prone position 484–5 propofol and alfentanil 1015 epilepsy 239 ProSeal laryngeal mask airway 974, 975 prostate laser prostatectomy 591 open (retropubic) prostatectomy 595 radical prostatectomy 596 transurethral resection (TURP) 590 transurethral vaporization (TUVP) 591 TURP syndrome 592–3 prosthetic joints 1161 prosthetic valves 69 protamine sulfate 226 66485457-66963820 1189 1190 INDEX protein, total 1168 Proteus syndrome 320 prothrombin time 144, 1166 proton pump inhibitors 6, prune-belly syndrome 320 pseudoaddiction 1084 pseudocholinesterase 1032–3 pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1a 292 pseudoxanthoma elasticum 320 psoas compartment block 1130, 1131 psychiatric disorders 276 ptosis 33 pulmonary arterial pressure 1153 pulmonary artery wedge pressure 1153 pulmonary aspiration 8, 30, 924 pulmonary complications, prediction 101 pulmonary contusion 866 pulmonary cysts 320 pulmonary disease 333 pulmonary edema 333, 928 pulmonary embolism 10, 358 pulmonary fibrosis 122 pulmonary function 102 pulmonary function tests 104, 369, 1152 pulmonary thromboembolectomy 358 pulmonary vascular resistance 1153 pulmonary vascular resistance index 1153 pulseless disease 323 pulseless VT 946 pulsus paradoxus 70, 927 P waves 84 pyeloplasty 607 pyloric stenosis 832 pyridostigmine 256 Q QRS complex 84 quantal squander 309 Quincke’s sign 62 quinsy 640 R radial nerve 1124, 1126 radicular irritation 32 radiculopathy 37 radioallergosorbent tests 997 ranitidine 6, rapid sequence induction 815–16, 984 RAST tests 997 rate–pressure product 1153 recombinant factor VIIa 231, 1041 recombinant human erythropoetin 1046 rectal resection 545 red cell count 1166 red cell folate 1168 red cells 1040, 1041, 1042, 1044, 1045 redo cardiac surgery 360 re-entry arrhythmias 86 reference intervals 1166, 1167–8 reflex phase 248, 250 Refsum’s disease 320 refusal of treatment 18 regional anesthesia 1097–148 anticoagulation 1100, 1101–2 awake or asleep? 1098 Cesarean section 744–5, 778 complications 32–3 day case surgery 699, 700 IV 1127–8 labor 731 nerve identification 1104, 1105, 1106 patient selection 1098 pediatrics 816, 823, 824 preload 753 vascular surgery 441 remifentanil ENT 632 target controlled infusions 1008 renal dialysis 134 renal disease 129–38, 333 renal failure acute 136 chronic 130, 132, 133 liver disease 140, 150 renal insufficiency 335 renal stones extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy 603 percutaneous removal 602 renal transplantation 134, 604 renal tubular acidosis 304 renin 1168 www.ketabpezeshki.com residual volume 1154 respiratory complications 29, 30 respiratory disease 99–128 respiratory physiology data 1154 respiratory rate 1154 respiratory tract infections 110 restricted consent 19 restrictive cardiomyopathy 72–3 restrictive pulmonary disease 122 resuscitation 856, 858–60, 860 maternal 772 neonatal 948, 949, 950 postrecuscitation care 884 septic shock 887 retained placenta 758, 764 retained products of conception 614, 764 reteplase 230 retrobulbar block 678 retrobulbar hemorrhage 33 retrograde intubation 975–6 Rett syndrome 320 reversible inhibitors of monoamine oxidase A (RIMA) 282 Reynold’s number 1164 rheumatic fever 64 rheumatoid arthritis 194, 200–1 rhinoplasty 655 rhinotomy, lateral 655 rhytidectomy 524 right atrial pressure 1153 right bundle branch block 92 right ventricular pressure 1153 rigid bronchoscopy/stents 378 rigid cytoscopy 588, 589 rigid spine syndrome 321 Riley–Day syndrome 302 Ringers lactate 1062 risk perception 20, 21–4 rocuronium 1034 rofecoxib 1068, 1074 Roizen’s classification 102 Romano–Ward syndrome 321 ropinirole 244 ropivacaine 1108, 1109, 1112 66485457-66963820 INDEX1 Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome 321 Russell–Silver syndrome 321 S sacral plexus 1132 sacrocolpopexy 626 sacrospinous fixation 626 Saethre–Chotzen syndrome 321 SAFE 944 safety saline hypertonic 1061 normal 1059, 1062 same-day surgery 695–702 saphenous nerve block 1135 sarcoidosis 126 Savva test 965 ‘scalded skin syndrome’ 324 scavenging system checkout 1173 Scheie syndrome 315 schizophrenia 276 sciatic nerve block 1133 scimitar syndrome 321 scoliosis 202 scopolamine 1092 Seckel syndrome 321 secondary survey 862 sedation day case surgery 699 dentistry 671 pediatrics 848–9 scoring 1077 sedatives seizures 864 selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) 281 selegiline 244, 282 sepsis 886, 952 septic shock 886 septoplasty 643 septum, submucous resection 643 serious hazards of transfusion (SHOT) program 1043 serotonin syndrome 281 serum liver function tests 144 serum tryptase 997 severe sepsis 886 sevoflurane iso-MAC chart 1157 pediatrics 811 Sheehan’s syndrome 322 SHOT program 1043 shoulder arthroplasty 492 shoulder surgery 490–2, 492 Shprintzen syndrome 322 shunt equation 1164 Shy–Drager syndrome 322 ‘sick’ laparotomy 546, 547 sickle cell disease 208 sick sinus syndrome 87 sigmoid colectomy 545 Simmond’s syndrome 322 sinus arrhythmia 86 sinus bradycardia 86 sinus tachycardia 86 Sipple syndrome 322 Sjogren’s syndrome 322 skin grafting 532, 483 skin-prick testing 997–8 sleep apnea 124 Smith–Lemli– Opitz syndrome 322 smoking 111 smooth muscle antibody 144 sodium 1168 sodium citrate 6, sodium valproate 240 somatosensory evoked potentials 485 sore throat 31 speaking valves 657 spherocytosis 216 spinal anatomy 1142, 1143 spinal anesthesia 1143 Cesarean section 748, 752, 759 complications 32, 33 continuous 1145 contraindications 1143 day case surgery 699, 700 indications 1143 local anesthetics 1143, 1144 spinal catheters 1145 spinal cord injuries 38, 41, 248 spinal cord monitoring 485 spinal epidural abscess 39–40, 41 spinal fracture 502, 504 spinal fusion 487 spinal hematoma 40–1, 41 spinal injuries 874 spinal muscular atrophy 322 spinal shock 248, 250 spinal surgery 484, 487–8 spinal syndromes 41 www.ketabpezeshki.com spinal tumors 488 spirometry 104, 369 split-thickness skin graft 532 stapedectomy 642 statins 48 sterilization, laparoscopic 616 sternomental distance 965 steroids 170, 171 Stevens–Johnson syndrome 303 stimulation-produced analgesia 1082 St John’s Wort 280 strabismus surgery 687 streptokinase 230 stress response 1056, 1066 stroke 333 stroke volume 1153 stroke volume index 1153 Strumpell’s disease 323 Sturge–Weber syndrome 323 subacute hepatic failure 141 subarachnoid block 822 subarachnoid hemorrhage 422, 424 subaxial subluxation 194–5 subclavian perivascular block 1120, 1121 subconjunctival injection 682 subcostal nerve block 1132 subdural block 736 subdural hematoma 410 submandibular gland excision 655 substance abuse disorder 1086 subtenon block 681–2 succinylated gelatins 1059–60 succinylcholine 1032, 1034 myasthenia gravis 256 pediatrics 850 spinal cord lesions 249 suction termination of pregnancy (STOP) 614 sudden infant death syndrome 272 superficial cervical plexus block 1115–16 superficial peroneal nerve 1136, 1137 supraclavicular block 1120, 1121 suprapubic catheters 606 supraventricular dysrhythmias 333 66485457-66963820 1191 1192 INDEX supraventricular tachycardia 87 with aberrant conduction 90–1 sural nerve 1136, 1137 surgical airway 979 Swanson’s joint 498 synchronous bilateral sympathectomy 459 syndactyly 535 syndrome of inappropriate ADH 281 syndromic bile duct paucity 292 systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) 886 systemic lupus erythematosus 199, 200–1 systemic sclerosis 200, 200–1 systemic vascular resistance 1153 systemic vascular resistance index 1153 systolic anterior motion 72 T T3 1168 replacement 435, 436 T4 1168 tachycardia 330, 908, 909 tacrolimus 74 Takayasu’s disease 323 talipes equinovarus 842 Tangier disease 323 target controlled infusions 1006 TAR syndrome 323 Tay–Sachs disease 323 team approach 854, 898 temazepam tenecteplase 230 TENS 1082 tension-free vaginal tape 618 tension pneumothorax 857 teratogenicity 783–4 termination of pregnancy 614 testicular surgery 560, 557 tetralogy of Fallot 79 thalamotomy 245 thalassemias 216–17 theophylline 1169 Thompson’s hemiarthroplasty 512 Thomsen’s disease 316 thoracic aortic surgery 354 thoracic paravertebral block 1138–9, 1138 thoracic surgery 367–400 thoraco-abdominal aortic aneurysm 448 thoracoscopic sympathectomy 459 thoracoscopy 384 thoracotomy 370 throat, sore 31 throat packs 631 thrombasthenia 305 thromboangiitis obliterans 296 thrombocythemia, essential 234 thrombocytopenia 222, 1102 absent radius 323 heparin-induced 226 thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura 315, 324 thymectomy 258, 399 thyroglobulin 1168 thyroid-binding globulin 1168 thyroid crisis 579 thyroid disease 162 thyroidectomy 576 thyroid-stimulating hormone 1168 thyroid storm 163 thyromental distance 965 thyrotoxicosis 162, 163 thyroxine 1168 tibial nerve 1136, 1137 tidal volume 1154 tinzaparin 11 tirofiban 229 tissue expanders 535 TNF-A blockers 196 toe surgery 482, 483 tolcapone 244 tolerance 1084 tonsillectomy 638, 638–40 tooth damage 32 tooth extraction 662, 669, 670 tooth numbering 668–9, 669 topical anesthesia agents 1109 corneoconjunctiva 682 pediatrics 808 torsades de pointes 910 total iron binding capacity 1168 total lipoatrophy 312 total lung capacity 1154 total spinal 737 www.ketabpezeshki.com Tourette syndrome 324 tourniquet pain 469 tourniquets 468 toxic epidermal necrolysis 324 trabeculectomy 692 tracheal access, emergency 965 tracheal intubation, see intubation tracheal tubes misplaced 930, 972 pediatrics 803, 850 tracheobronchial foreign body removal 655 tracheobronchial injury 397, 868 tracheo-esophageal fistula 830 tracheomalacia 921 tracheostomy 646 tracheostomy tubes 647 train-of-four 943, 1035–6, 1036, 1037 tramadol 1072, 1074, 1076 tranexamic acid 231 transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) 1082 transfer factor 105 transfer of patients 865, 892, 893, 894, 895 transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) 1043 transfusion-transmitted infections 1043 transient ischemic attacks 242 transient neurological symptoms 39 transjugular intrahepatic porto-systemic shunt (TIPSS) 147, 152 transthoracic echocardiography 53 transurethral resection of bladder tumor 594 transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) 590 transurethral vaporization of prostate (TUVP) 591 tranylcypromine 282 trapeziectomy 498 trauma advanced trauma life support 854 gastric emptying immediate care 854 major 500, 954 pediatrics 954 66485457-66963820 INDEX1 Treacher–Collins syndrome 313 tricuspid valve disease 302 tricyclic antidepressants 280 trifascicular block 93 trigger finger 498 triglyceride 1168 tri-iodothyronine (T3) 1168 replacement 435, 436 triple H therapy 424 trismus pseudocamptodactyly 308 trisomy 13 318 trisomy 18 302 tropisetron 1093 troponin T 1168 trunk blocks 1138, 1139, 1141 tryptase 997 tuberous sclerosis 324 d-tubocurarine 1034 Tuffier’s line 38 tunneled, noncuffed central venous catheter 1016, 1017 turbinectomy 643 Turner’s syndrome 324 TURP 590 TURP syndrome 592–3 TUVP 591 tympanoplasty 641, 642 type and screen 1045 U ulnar head excision 498 ulnar nerve 1124, 1126 ulnar neuropathy 36 ultrasound 870 unfractionated heparin 11, 221, 1101 units, conversion equations 1165 univent tube 375 upper extremity blocks 1118, 1121, 1122, 1125, 1126, 1127 upper intestinal perforation 547 Urbach–Wiethe disease 324 urea nitrogen 1168 ureteral stents 606 ureteroscopy 606 urethral dilation 607 urethral meatotomy 607 urethroplasty 606 uric acid 1168 urinary catheterization/ instrumentation 1161 urological surgery 587–610 uterine atony 764 uterine inversion 764 uterine rupture 764 uterotonics 765, 766 uvulopalatopharyngoplasty 455, 636 V vaginal termination of pregnancy (VTOP) 614 vaginal wall repair 625, 626 valdecoxib 1070, 1074 valproic acid 1169 valve replacement 346, 346–52, 348, 349, 350, 352 valvular heart disease 58–68 vancomycin 1169 variant CJD 299, 639 variceal bleeding 152 varicose veins 461 variegate porphyria 212 vascular lesions 418, 422, 422–8, 426 vascular surgery 17, 1161 vasectomy 607 velocardiofacial syndrome 301, 322 venous access 1016, 1017, 1018 venous air embolism 430, 922 venous gas embolism 551, 922 venous thromboembolism 10 ventilation systems checkout 1173 ventricular arrhythmias 335 ventricular dysrhythmias 333 ventricular ectopic beats 90 ventricular fibrillation 91, 946 ventricular rate 84 ventricular septal defect 78 ventricular tachycardia 90 ventriculo-peritoneal shunt 408 verbal rating scales 1066 vercuronium 1034 Verner–Morrison syndrome 178 vertebral fracture 488 vertical infraclavicular block 1121, 1121–2 video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) 384 www.ketabpezeshki.com VIPoma 178 viscus perforation 1161 vision loss 32 visual analogue scales 1066 vital capacity 1154 vitamin B12 1168 vitamin K deficiency 218, 221, 1042 vitreo-retinal surgery 688 vocal cord paralysis 921 vomiting 1091; see also postoperative nausea and vomiting vomiting centre 1090 Von Gierke’s disease 306 Von Recklinghausen’s disease, see neurofibromatosis von Willebrand’s disease 220, 221 V/Q scan 105 vulvectomy 626 W WAGR syndrome 325 Waldenstom’s macroglobulinemia 308 walking epidurals 789–90 warfarin anesthesia and surgery 224–5 central neuraxial blocks 1100, 1102 coagulation tests 221 INR 224 venous thromboembolism prophylaxis 12 warming 542 warm shock 952 water balance 1056 waterhammer pulse 62 Weaver’s syndrome 325 Weber–Christian disease 325 web sites 1170–1 wedge resection 382 Wegener’s granulomatosis 325 Welander’s muscular atrophy 325 Wenkebach block 92 Werdnig– Hoffman syndrome, see spinal muscular atrophy Wermer syndrome 325 Werner syndrome, see progeria Wertheim’s hysterectomy 621 Whipple’s triad 178 66485457-66963820 1193 1194 INDEX ‘whistling face’ syndrome 304 white cell count 1166 whole blood 1040 wide complex arrhythmias 84, 90, 91 wide complex tachycardia 909–10 Wiedemann–Rautenstrauch syndrome, see progeria William’s syndrome 325 Wilson score 965 Wilson’s disease 325 Wiskott–Aldrich disease 326 Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome 86 Wolf–Hirschhorn syndrome 326 Wolfram syndrome 326 Wolman’s syndrome 326 wrist blocks 1126, 1127 www.ketabpezeshki.com X ximelagatran 1102 Z Zellweger syndrome 326 Zollinger–Ellison syndrome 177 zygomatic complex fractures 666 66485457-66963820 [...]... indicating the existence of any of a number of disease entities (CV/Pulmonary/Hepatic/Endocrine/Renal/CNS) must be specifically tested for, particularly in patients for whom major (invasive) surgery is planned Preoperative testing recommendations Age Recommended preoperative laboratory studies in the absence of specific indications < 45 Years None (Pregnancy test indicated in women of child-bearing age... before anesthesia aims to reduce the volume of gastric contents and hence the risk should aspiration occur Gastric Physiology - Clear fluids (water, fruit juices without pulp, clear tea, and black coffee) are emptied from the stomach in an exponential manner with a half-life of 10–20 min This results in complete clearance within 2 hr of ingestion - Gastric emptying of solids is much slower than for fluids... 30 ml of 0.3 M sodium citrate should be given to neutralize any residual gastric acid - The ASA does not recommend routine use of these agents in healthy, elective patients Further Reading Maltby R (1993) New guidelines for preoperative fasting Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia, 40, R113–R117 Practice guidelines for preoperative fasting and the use of pharmacological agents for the prevention of pulmonary... procedures (1999) Anesthesiology, 90, 896–905 www.ketabpezeshki.com 66485457-66963820 9 10 CHAPTER 1 General Considerations Prophylaxis of Venous Thromboembolism Pulmonary embolism (PE) is responsible for 10% of all hospital deaths Without prophylaxis, 40–80% of high-risk patients develop detectable DVT and up to 10% die from PE Most PEs result from DVTs that start in the venous plexuses of the legs and... output Any patient confined to bed is at risk of venous thromboembolism Sick, elderly patients may need prophylaxis from the time of admission Risk Factors for Venous Thromboembolism Patients can be divided into three categories of risk—low, medium, or high—dependent upon the type of operation, patient factors, and associated diseases - Duration and type of operation - Operations lasting ... 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