slide môn lý thuyết dịch TRANSLATION METHODS

TRANSLATI ON METHODS Translation Theory CORE READING A TEXTBOOK OF TRANSLATION Peter Newmark (1988) Translation methods SL Word for word translation Literal translation Faithful translation Semantic translation TL Adaptation Free translation Idiomatic translation Communicative translation I- Word for word translation SL word-order is preserved Non-grammatical Words are translated by their most common meanings, out of context Used for General information about SL Pre-translation process of difficult text in order to gain sense of meaning II - Literal translation SL grammatical structures are converted to their nearest equivalent in the TL BUT words are still translated singly, out of context e.g - He is a big liar Anh ta kẻ nói dối lớn - He looked up at the Milky Way Anh nhìn lên đờng màu sữa Used for Pretranslation process to identify problems Practice Love can touch us one time And last for a lifetime PetroVietnam, the state-owned oil and gas giant, has also found itself in hot water And I must follow on the road that lies ahead, And I won't let my heart control my head, She has a sweet tooth III - Faithful translation Words are translated in context Transfer cultural words Does not naturalize e.g + He is as fast as a kangaroo + Nó nhanh nh kanguru Used for Literary translation Authoritative texts Drafts Practice + Despite his looks, hes said to be something of a Don Juan + That computer science course was a bear + This is a Mickey Mouse course but we still have to take it because it is on the program + Carry coal to Newcastle IV - Semantic translation It is more flexible than faithful T - Naturalizes in order to achieve aesthetic effect (may translate cultural words with neutral or functional terms) - Great focus on aesthetic features of ST (Close rendering of metaphors, collocations, technical terms, slang, colloquialisms, unusual syntactic structures and collocations, peculiarly used words, neologism - Used for - Expressive texts: e.g., literature Examples Right in the heart of Hanoi, Hoan Kiem Lake is an enchanting body of water, a peaceful oasis away from all the hustle and bustle of the city Nằm trái tim Hà Nội, hồ Hoàn Kiếm hồ nớc đẹp mê hồn, ốc đảo yên bình tách biệt với tt c nhng gi n o np ca thnh ph Semantic translation vs communicative translation Right in the heart of Hanoi, Hoan Kiem Lake is an enchanting body of water, a peaceful oasis away from all the hustle and bustle of the city S Nằm trái tim Hà Nội, hồ Hoàn Kiếm hồ nớc đẹp mê hồn, ốc đảo yên bình tách biệt với hối bận rộn thành phố C Hồ Hoàn Kiếm hồ nớc đẹp, yên tĩnh nằm trung tâm Hà Nội ồn Semantic translation vs communicative translation Nhà có chó S There is a fierce dog in the house C Beware of the dog Keep off the grass S Tránh xa bãi cỏ C Không đợc dẫm lên cỏ Her face is all her fortune S Bộ măt tất vốn liếng cô nàng C Con đợc xinh Semantic translation vs communicative translation SEMANTIC TRANSLATION Written at authors linguistic level COMMUNICATIVE TRANSLATION Written at readerships linguistic level Used for expressive texts Expressive for informative texts components rendered closely/literally Normalized Personal and individual Social to over-translate Tends Tends to under-translate nuances of meaning Pursues Inferior to its original Better Less to interpret freedom or toned down, neutral terms Pursues Has 15 Used Has message than its original to explain More freedom Practice "The country is developing so fast, they need to change the attitude and the conduct of the people, but it is not going to happen in one day," he said Drivers typically don't look before darting into traffic or cutting across multiple lanes of cars, motorbikes and bicycles in a "you-look-out-for-me" driving culture (Vietnam launches war on deadly traffic) Note: There is no one communicative nor one semantic method of translating a text - these are in fact widely overlapping bands of methods A translation can be more, or less, semantic - more, or less, communicative even a particular section or sentence can be treated more communicatively or less semantically (Newmark) VI - Idiomatic translation 18 Reproduce the message of the original Prefers colloquialisms and idioms which not exist in the original Outcome: lively, natural translation Practice: Idiomatic translation Không nghe lời khuyên cô Her advice fell on deaf ears Nó bớng bỉnh He is as stubborn as a mule Chở củi rừng Carry coal to Newcastle Practice - No money, no honey - Haste makes waste - Timid as a rabbit - Make hay while the Sun shines - Bite the bullet VII - Free translation 21 Reproduce the matter without the manner; the content without the form of the original Paraphrases much larger than the original Used for Informative translation In-house publication PRACTICE Heartease (pansy) is used again for healing the heart It is for disappointment in love, and in separation Hoa png-xờ cng c dựng cha lnh cỏc vt thng lũng Nú xoa di s tht vng tỡnh yờu, v c ni au 23 VIII - Adaptation The freest form of translation Preserves the theme, plots, characters only The SL culture is converted to the TL culture A kind of rewriting the text in translation Used for Plays, poems, songs, advertising, tourism Vỡ Sao? Ba trc, riờng hai di nng o, Nhỡn tụi cụ mun hi "vỡ ?" Khi tụi n kim trờn mụi p Mt thoỏng ci yờu tha khỏt khao Vỡ giỏp mt bui u tiờn, Tụi ó y thõn gia x phin, Khụng th vụ tỡnh qua trc ca, Bit rng gp g ó vụ duyờn? Why? The other day, we met in bright sunshine Looking at me, you wanted to ask "Why?" When I came there to see on your lips fine A hint of smile that so much pleased my eye Why was it that even on the first day I was so soon banished to great sadness Hardly had I stepped in across the way Than I knew right then that we'd be loveless Translated by Thomas D Le May 2004 25 Vietnamese Version Mỏi nh xa yờu du, Bc tng rờu phong c ni cu qua nhng ngy th u Mun mỡnh mau khụn ln Gia la l yờn m, em ngi c m bc chõn giang h M bay theo cỏnh chim ngang tri, bin xa nỳi chi vi M bay i khỏt khao cuc i Mt ờm nh ting ru hi. Vietnamese Version 26 Cú mt ngi n ụng, trc thm nh rờu phong bng ngi khúc nh nhng ngy thu Sng i bao cay ng, túc bc phai ma nng Tay nh trng nhng gic m th di i qua bao nỳi sụng gp ghnh Cuc tỡnh mói lờnh ờnh i qua bao thỏng nm vụ tỡnh, mt ờm nh ting ru m hin. 27 Adaptation English Version: On a wagon, bound for market, Theres a calf with a mournful eye High above him, theres a swallow, Winging swiftly through the sky How the winds are laughing, They laugh with all their might Love and laugh the whole day through And, half a summers night. [...]... Semantic translation vs communicative translation 1 Nhà có chó dữ S There is a fierce dog in the house C Beware of the dog 2 Keep off the grass S Tránh xa bãi cỏ C Không đợc dẫm lên cỏ 3 Her face is all her fortune S Bộ măt là tất cả vốn liếng của cô nàng C Con ấy chỉ đợc mỗi cái xinh Semantic translation vs communicative translation SEMANTIC TRANSLATION Written at authors linguistic level COMMUNICATIVE TRANSLATION. .. bands of methods A translation can be more, or less, semantic - more, or less, communicative even a particular section or sentence can be treated more communicatively or less semantically (Newmark) VI - Idiomatic translation 18 Reproduce the message of the original Prefers colloquialisms and idioms which do not exist in the original Outcome: lively, natural translation Practice: Idiomatic translation. .. Declaration of Independence of the United States of America in 1776) 12 V - Communicative translation freer than semantic translation gives priority to the effectiveness of the message to be communicated focuses on factors such as readability and naturalness Used for informative texts Semantic translation vs communicative translation Right in the heart of Hanoi, Hoan Kiem Lake is an enchanting body of water,... No money, no honey - Haste makes waste - Timid as a rabbit - Make hay while the Sun shines - Bite the bullet VII - Free translation 21 Reproduce the matter without the manner; the content without the form of the original Paraphrases much larger than the original Used for Informative translation In-house publication PRACTICE Heartease (pansy) is used again for healing the heart It is for disappointment... Hoa png-xờ cng c dựng cha lnh cỏc vt thng lũng Nú xoa di s tht vng trong tỡnh yờu, v c ni au 23 VIII - Adaptation The freest form of translation Preserves the theme, plots, characters only The SL culture is converted to the TL culture A kind of rewriting the text in translation Used for Plays, poems, songs, advertising, tourism Vỡ Sao? Ba trc, riờng hai di nng o, Nhỡn tụi cụ mun hi "vỡ sao ?" Khi