English for distance education (giáo trình tiếng anh dùng cho hệ đào tạo từ xa) phần 1

Trong phần ngữ pháp có câu hỏi cho học viên định hướng ôn tập Grammar question Các học viên phải được trang bị một số vốn tiếng Anh cơ bản trước khi bắt đầu chương trình này.. Qua giáo

VINH UNIVERSITY

VŨ THỊ HÀ

(Giáo trình tiếng Anh dùng cho hệ đào tạo từ xa)

Part 1 & Part 2

Nghe an, 2011

Chief Editor

Ph.D Vu Thi Ha

B.A Nguyen Thi Lam Giang: Unit 1,2,3 M.A Le Thi Tuyet Hanh: Unit 4,5,6

M.A Nguyen Thi Lanh: Unit 7,8,9

M.A Tran Thi Phuong Thao: Unit 10,11,12

TABLE OF CONTENT

Review: Unit1 – Unit 6 57

Unit 9 What is your plan for the future? 85 Unit 10 Things that changed the world 93

Review: Unit 7 – Unit 12 116

LỜI NÓI ĐẦU

English for distance education là giáo trình tiếng Anh dùng cho hệ đào tạo từ

xa

Giáo trình gồm 12 bài với thời lượng 90 giờ tín chỉ (6 tín chỉ) được chia thành 2

học phần: Tiếng Anh 1 và Tiếng Anh 2, mỗi học phần 45 giờ (3 tín chỉ), 6 bài

Mỗi bài bao gồm các kỹ năng nghe, nói, đọc, viết với các chủ đề khác nhau, nhiều hình ảnh minh họa khá sinh động.và kiến thức ngữ pháp cơ bản đi kèm hệ thống bài tập phù hợp Trong phần ngữ pháp có câu hỏi cho học viên định hướng ôn

tập (Grammar question) Các học viên phải được trang bị một số vốn tiếng Anh cơ bản

trước khi bắt đầu chương trình này

Qua giáo trình này, tập thể tác giả mong muốn giúp các học viên ôn lại những kiến thức cơ bản về ngữ pháp, từ vựng và cung cấp kiến thức mới để học viên có thể dần dần nâng cao trình độ tiếng Anh

Phần nghe có kèm theo đĩa CD và phần lời ở cuối giáo trình, như vậy học viên

có thể vừa nghe vừa theo dõi rất thuận tiện

Cuối giáo trình còn có danh sách tài liệu tham khảo ở được chỉ dẫn cách tìm trên website để học viên tự tải xuống nghiên cứu

Mặc dầu các tác giả đã rất cố gắng, đương nhiên không thể tránh khỏi các sai sót, mong được sự góp ý chân tình và phê bình thẳng thắn của các đồng nghiệp, học viên và độc giả quan tâm

Nghệ An, 12 2011

Các tác giả

ĐỀ CƯƠNG CHI TIẾT HỌC PHẦN

Tiếng Anh 1 – NC10001

1 Tên học phần: Ngoại ngữ 1 (Tiếng Anh 1) 3 (30/30)

2 Bộ môn phụ trách giảng dạy: Khoa ngoại ngữ

3 Mô tả học phần:

Tiếng Anh 1 là học phần bắt buộc dành cho sinh viên không chuyên ngữ liên thông từ trung cấp trường Đại học Vinh Chương trình gồm có 6 bài (từ bài 1 đến bài 6).Học phần được phân bổ trong 45giờ tín chỉ (tương đương với 3 tín chỉ).Qua học phần này người học được cung cấp một số kiến thức tiếng Anh cơ bản tổng quát, giúp họ rèn luyện các kĩ năng thực hành tiếng nghe, nói, đọc, viết Kết thúc học phần sinh viên sẽ có nền tảng kiến thức để học lên học phần Tiếng

Anh II

4 Mục tiêu học phần:

4.1 Kiến thức:

* Các vấn đề ngữ pháp cơ bản:

- Tenses (present simple, present continuous, past simple, past

continuous, future simple), going to

- Questions, question words

- Expressions of quantity, articles

- Verb patterns

- Have/ have got

- What……….like?

- Comparative and superlative adjectives

* Từ vựng về các chủ đề: cuộc sống, đất nước, âm nhạc, bạn bè, mua sắm

4.2 Kĩ năng:

Môn học này giúp sinh viên nâng cao các kĩ năng nghe, nói, đọc, viết, chú trọng kĩ năng đọc hiểu

4.3 Thái độ:

Sinh viên phải thấy được tầm quan trọng của học phần, cảm thấy hứng thú

và có thái độ nghiêm túc, chủ động đối với học phần

- Discussion

* Reading: Living in the USA

* Listening: Listen and fill in the blank

Unit 2:What happened next?

* Grammar: Past tenses (past simple, past continuous)

* Writing: Write sentences and a story

* Speaking

- Telling stories

- Exchanging information

* Reading: “Hetty Green – The Witch of Wall Street”

* Listening: Listen to get information

Unit 3: The market place

* Grammar

- Count and uncount nouns

- Quantity (some, any, a few, a little, a lot of, )

* Reading: The best shopping street on the world

* Listening: Listen to get information

Unit 4: My hobbies

* Grammar

- Present continuous

- going to, will

* Writing: Writing a postcard

* Speaking

- Discussion

* Reading: Hobbies

* Listening: A song “You’ve got a friend”

Unit 5: How do people feel?

* Reading: How to be sensitive to other people’s feeling

* Listening: Listen to get information

Unit 6: Places and things

* Grammar

- What’s it like?

- Comparatives and superlatives

* Writing: Writing sentences

* Speaking

- Discussion

* Reading: The Big Ben

* Listening: Listen to a conversation

6 Tài liệu tham khảo

1 John and Lis Soars New Headway Pre-Intermediate, Second Edition,

Student’s Book and Workbook

Link to download: http://www.mediafire.com/?ajiclieehzt

2 John and Lis Soars New Headway Pre-Intermediate, Third Edition, Student’s

Book

Link to download: http://www.scribd.com/doc/74969488 New Headway Third Edition Pre Intermediate Student’s book

3 David Nonan Listen in 1,2,3

Link to download: http://www.mediafire.com/?yxi5vb6db5eng

4.Hutchinson Tom Lifelines – Pre-Intermediate, HaiPhong Publishing House

2004

5 Terry Hong New toeic listening comprehension, Long man, 2009

6 Raymond Murphy English Grammar in Use.Third

Edition.Cambridgeuniversity Press, 2004

Link to download ebook PDFhttp://www.mediafire.com/?d3nzmmeymme

7 Phương thức đánh giá học phần

 Các phương thức kiểm tra, đánh giá

- Kiểm tra, đánh giá thường xuyên: chuyên cần, chuẩn bị bài, tích cực thảo luận, làm bài tập trên lớp: 1/10

- Kiểm tra đánh giá định kỳ: kiểm tra giữa kì: 2/10

- Kiểm tra (thi) kết thúc môn học: 7/10

 Thang điểm: 10 quy đổi thang điểm 4 và điểm chữ

ĐỀ CƯƠNG CHI TIẾT HỌC PHẦN

Tiếng Anh 2 – NC10002

1 Tên học phần: Ngoại ngữ 2 (Tiếng Anh 2) 3 (30/30)

2 Bộ môn phụ trách giảng dạy: Khoa ngoại ngữ

3 Mô tả học phần:

Tiếng Anh 2 là học phần bắt buộc dành cho sinh viên liên thông từ trung cấp không chuyên ngữ trường Đại học Vinh sau khi đã được học học phần Tiếng Anh

I Chương trình gồm có 6 bài (từ bài 7 đến bài 12) và được phân bổ trong 45 giờ tín chỉ (tương đương với 3 tín chỉ) Qua môn học này sinh viên được cung cấp thêm một số vấn đề ngữ pháp cơ bản, được rèn luyện và củng cố các kĩ năng nghe, nói, đọc, viết để đạt tới cấp độ cơ bản Sinh viên có thể sử dụng ngôn ngữ một cách thành thạo hơn nhờ các kiến thức mở rộng hơn về từ vựng

- Have to, should, must, might

- Time and conditional clauses, What if ?,

- Verb patterns, infinitives

Sinh viên phải thấy được tầm quan trọng của học phần, cảm thấy hứng thú

và có thái độ nghiêm túc, chủ động đối với học phần

5 Nội dung họcphần:

Unit 7: Fame!

* Grammar

- Present perfect and past simple

- For and since

* Speaking

- Discussion

- Role play, group work

* Reading: What every parents of a first-year college student should

* Reading: The house of the future

* Listening: Listen and fill in the blank.

Unit 10: Things that changed the world

- Listen the conversation and fill in the blank

Unit 11: What if…?

* Listening: if I were you

Unit 12: Earning a living

* Reading: Flying for a living

* Listening: Listen and fill in the blank

6 Tài liệu tham khảo

1 John and Lis Soars New Headway Pre-Intermediate, Second Edition,

Student’s Book and Workbook

Link to download: http://www.mediafire.com/?ajiclieehzt

2 John and Lis Soars.New Headway Pre-Intermediate, Third Edition, Student’s

Book

Link to download: http://www.scribd.com/doc/74969488 New Headway Third Edition Pre Intermediate Student’s book

3 David Nonan Listen in 1,2,3

Link to download: http://www.mediafire.com/?yxi5vb6db5eng

4.Hutchinson Tom Lifelines – Pre-Intermediate, HaiPhong Publishing House

2004

5 Terry Hong New toeic listening comprehension, Long man, 2009

6 Raymond Murphy English Grammar in Use.Third

Edition.Cambridgeuniversity Press, 2004

Link to download ebook PDF http://www.mediafire.com/?d3nzmmeymme

7 Phương thức đánh giá học phần

 Các phương thức kiểm tra, đánh giá

- Kiểm tra, đánh giá thường xuyên: chuyên cần, chuẩn bị bài, tích cực thảo luận, làm bài tập trên lớp: 1/10

- Kiểm tra đánh giá định kỳ: kiểm tra giữa kì: 2/10

- Kiểm tra (thi) kết thúc môn học: 7/10

 Thang điểm: 10 quy đổi thang điểm 4 và điểm chữ

THE WAY WE LIVE

Present Simple/ Present Continuous But - Although – However – So – Because

At weekend, I get up first and

have my breakfast in peace!

Mary gets up first at about seven o’clock She goes downstairs and has breakfast early, because she starts work at eight o’clock When I wake up, I switch on the radio and listen

to the news Then I get up and have a shower I go downstairs

at about quarter past seven James comes down at about half past seven She doesn’t like the radio, so she switches on the television and watches the breakfast program She always turns up the volume too loud, so we usually have an argument about that Colin goes to college and he’s always late He doesn’t usually have breakfast He runs downstairs at the last minute, and hurries out to get the bus But he usually misses

it, so then I take him in my car and I’m late for work

I like the weekends, because everyone stays in bed late But I don’t stay in bed I get up first and have my breakfast in peace!

True ()or False ()?

1 I get up first at about seven o’clock

2 Mary starts work at eight o’clock

3 I usually watch the breakfast programme on television in the mornings

4 James likes the radio

5 James have a shower at the morning

6 Colin usually have breakfast before he goes to school

7 Mary usually takes Colin in her car and she is late for work

8 I don’t like the weekends

9 Everyone gets up early at the weekends

10 At weekends, Colin gets up first and have his breakfast in peace

Text 2

I spend a lot of time at the airports…

The woman is kissing another man…

I often travel to other countries, so I spend a lot of time at the airports Today I’m travelling to Greece and at the moment I’m waiting for my plane But I’m not wasting my time What am I doing? I’m playing my favourite game – people-watching Whenever I have the time, I watch other people

Take that couple, for example They’re buying magazines at the moment Are they going on holiday or are they travelling on business? They aren’t wearing business clothes, but he's carrying a briefcase Every few seconds she looks round Is someone following them? Perhaps they’re running away and… Just a minute, there’s a story in this newspaper A bank clerk stole one million pounds last week and disappeared with his wife There’s a picture

of them here Hmmm, they look similar That’s it! The money’s in the briefcase I must stop them

They’re going to the departure lounge now Quick Oh, just a minute They’re saying goodbye to each other The woman isn’t going

to the departure lounge She’s walking away

Oh, well, it was exciting for a moment Oh, what

is she doing now? She’s talking to another man They’re kissing Now, I wonder ……

True ()or False ()?

1 I travel by plane a lot

2 Today I’m going to France

3 At the moment, I’m waiting for my friends at the airport

4 The couple are kissing at the moment

5 Whenever I have the time, I watch television

6 The man is carrying a suitcase

7 The couple is going to the departure lounge together

8 The woman is kissing another man

GRAMMAR QUESTIONS

1 What tenses are all the verb forms in texts 1 and 2? What do they express? Are there any differences between their uses?

2 Look at the sentences Which refers to all time! Which refers to now?

1 a He has three children

b He's having a shower

2 a He reads a lot of books every year

b He is reading a book at the moment

3 a They watch television everyday

b They are watching television now

He

She

It

lives doesn’t live

does

he she

it

we you they

Yes, he does

No, he does

b a fact which is always true

Vegetarians don’t eat meat

Water boils at 100oC

We come from Spain

c a fact which is true for a long time

I live in Oxford

She works in a bank

3 Time expression: Adverbs of frequency

We use some adverbs to describe how frequently we do an activity

80% normally / generally I normally go to the gym

birthday

30% occasionally I occasionally eat junk food

10% seldom / rarely I seldom read the newspaper

5% hardly ever I hardly ever drink alcohol

4 Spelling of the third person singular

1 We add -s to most verbs: work- works, play-plays, drive-drives

2 We add- es to verbs ending in -o (go-goes), s (miss-misses), x (mix-mixes), ch (catch-catches), sh (push-pushes)

3 If the verbs end in -y, change -y into -i and add -es when -y is preceded by a

consonant cry- cries; try-tries

4 If the verbs end in -y, keep -y and add -s when -y is preceded by a vowel :

play-plays; stay-stay

5 Pronunciation of “s” or “es”

1 If the verb ends in an unvoiced consonant sound: /f/, /k/, /p/, /t/, /θ/-(thin), pronounce "s" as /s/

2 When it ends in a voiced consonant sound, /b/, /d/, /g/, /l/, /m/, /n/, /ng/, /r/ or with

a vowel sound, /a/, /e/, /i/, /o/, /u/, pronounce "s" as /z/

3 If it ends with /s/ (misses, notices), /z/ (dozes, sneezes), /∫/ (finishes, washes), /t∫/ (watches) , /dʒ/ (manages), pronounce "s" or "-es" as /iz/

B Present Continuous tense

1 Form am/is/are + v-ing (present participle)

u the

it

going?

2 Use

The Present Continuous tense is used to express:

1 an activity happening now

e.g They’re playing football in the garden

Listen! The birds are singing

2 an activity happening around now, but perhaps not at the moment of speaking

e.g She’s studying maths at university

I’m reading a good book by Henry James

3 a planned future arrangement

e.g I’m meeting Jane at 10.00 tomorrow

What are you doing this evening?

3 Time expressions: now, at present, at the moment, nowadays, this month,

tomorrow, etc

e.g Mary is playing the piano at the moment

She can’t talk now because she’s washing her hair

4 Attention

There are some stative verbs They express a state- not an action and are not used in the Progressive tenses:

1 Verbs of the senses: feel, hear, see, smell, taste, notice, etc

2 Verbs of emotions and preferences: like, dislike, love, hate, fear, mind, want, wish, need, prefer, admire, etc

3 Verbs of perception, belief, knowledge, ownership: think, believe, know, understand, expect, remember, forget, hope, have, own, belong to, etc

4 Other verbs which describe permanent states: be, cost, weigh, seem, appear, consist (of), depend (on), etc

However, some stative verbs can be used in the progressive forms as well, but they then indicate an action rather than a state and with a difference in meaning as in the following examples:

think I think he is a kind man I am thinking about my mother

These flowers smell good

I see a butterfly

The cat's fur feels soft

She looks so happy

He appears to be asleep

A piano is heavy It weighs a lot

I am hungry

Note: Tom is foolish=

Foolishness is one of Tom's usual characteristics

She is having dinner

The chef is tasting the sauce

Don is smelling the roses

I am seeing the doctor at 11 a.m She is feeling the cat's fur

I am looking out the window

The actor is appearing on the stage The grocer is weighing the bananas Tom is being foolish (*)

Note: Tom is being foolish= Right now, at the moment of speaking, Tom is doing something that the speaker considers foolish

5 Spelling

1 We add -ing to most verbs: wait-waiting, do-doing, talk-talking, etc

2 If a verb ends in -e, omit the -e and add -ing: use-using, come-coming, etc (but age-ageing)

3 If a single vowel is followed by a single consonant double the final consonant: sitting, get-getting, run-running, etc (attention: read-reading, check-checking, etc.)

sit-4 We double the last consonant of two-syllable verbs when the second syllable is

stressed: be’gin-beginning, ad’mit-admitting, etc (attention: ‘enter-entering, offering, etc.)

o’ffer-5 If the verb ends in -ie, change to y: lie-lying, die-dying, etc

III Present Simple and Continuous

Look at the wrong sentences, and compare them with the correct sentences





Hank is coming from Canada

Hank comes from Canada





This is a great party Everyone has a good time

This is a great party Everyone is having a good time





I read a good book right now

I’m reading a good book right now

PRACTICE

1 Complete the sentences with the Present Simple form of the verbs in the box

leave forget not / eat go live play have not / speak

1 Anna ……… in the States

2 She ……… German or Spanish

3 I often ………… people’s names

4 The train ……… at 10.30 exactly

5 Mary ………… very healthy food

6 She ………… shopping for clothes every weekend

7 Her brother ………… the guitar

8 We ……… an English lesson on Sunday afternoons

2 Complete the interview with Yupin from Thailand Use the correct form of the Present Simple

I - Yupin, you (1 come) come from Thailand Tell us about life there

Y - Well, I (2 be) _ from Bangkok, the capital of Thailand It’s a beautiful

city The weather (3 be) _ usually very hot It (4 not rain) _ much for most of the year, but during the rainy season it (5 rain) _ almost every day

I - How interesting! Thailand’s a popular place for tourists, isn’t it?

Y - Yes, many people (6 come) _ from all over the world Thai people (7

like) _ foreigners very much At the moment Thailand (8 make) _ a lot of money from tourism

I - (9 have) _ visitors from England _ a problem with the

language?

Y - Most Thai people (10 not understand) _ English very well, so please

(11 not speak) _ too quickly if you go there

I - What can visitors (12 learn) _ about life in Thailand?

Y - We (13 not invite) _ people to our homes until we (14 know) _

them well, but we are very friendly and we (15 take) _ our friends to a restaurant instead We (16 have) so many excellent places to eat, and meals (17 be) _ cheap

I - Why (18 be) _ you here in England, Yupin?

Y - I (19 enjoy) _ travelling, and I (20 want) _ to visit many

different places in Europe

I - Well, I (21 hope) _ you have a good holiday Thanks for talking to us

3 Complete the sentences with the Present Continuous form of the verbs in brackets

1 She ……… (study) geography at university

2 They ……….(not / go) away this winter

3 I ……….(not / enjoy) the meal

4 ……… he ……….(see) the doctor tomorrow?

5 Where ……… Mary and Tom ………… (go) on holiday?

6 Why ………… she …………(laugh)?

7 All the guests ……….(have) a great time

4 Tick () the correct sentences

1 Anna is coming from France

Anna comes from France

2 They usually go by train

They’re usually going by train

3 My friend speaks Spanish and German

My friend is speaking Spanish and German

4 What a great lesson Everyone enjoys it

What a great lesson! Everyone’s enjoying it

5 I’m loving black coffee

I love black coffee

6 Where do you go out tonight?

Where are you going out tonight?

5 Complete the sentences with the Present Simple or Continuous form of the verbs in brackets

1 Alex ……… (go) to the gym three times a week

2 I ……… (think) he’s really fit

3 We ………… (meet) Hanna at 9 o’clock tonight

4 What ………… you …… (do) now?

5 Amanda always ……… (look) beautiful

6 ……… you ……… (come)? The film is starting

6 Choose the right form of the verbs

1 Paul’s French He comes / is coming from Toulouse

2 It’s very noisy – Suzy listens / ’s listening to rock music

3 Many birds fly / are flying south every winter

4 Most students don’t smoke / aren’t smoking these days

5 Does Mr Taylor use / Is Mr Taylor using the computer at the moment?

6 Usually, Jim goes / ’s going to work on Saturdays

7 Dave helps / is helping a student with her work

8 Carol doesn’t study / isn’t studying hard for her exam

9 Cats see / are seeing very well in the dark

10 You look nice, Anne Do you wear / Are you wearing a new dress?

11 Japan has / is having many high mountains

12 I go / ‘m going to work now Goodbye!

13 I read / ‘m reading a book about astrology

14 Do you want / Are you wanting to go out tonight?

15 We go / ‘re going to a party on Saturday

7 What do they do? Or what are they doing? Look at the pictures below then answer the questions

e.g 1 What does Wendy do? She’s a nurse

2 Is she working in the hospital now? Yes, she is

3 What's she doing? She’s looking after a

11 What does she do?

………

12 What does she doing now?

………

8 Put the verbs in brackets into the correct present tense

I ………… … (work) for a construction company We …….…… (build) roads, dams, bridges and things like that At the moment my company ………… (produce) a plan for a new motorway I usually …… … (work) in the roads department, but this month I ……… (work) in the department that ……… (build) bridges So my whole working day is different just now I normally ………… (spend) a lot of time outdoors, because I ……… (go) to the construction sites But with this new project I

………… (spend) a lot of time in the workshop At the moment we ………… (test) a model of one of the new bridges

I ……….… (enjoy) it a lot, because I ……… (learn) a lot new things

READING LIVING IN THE USA

Read the text Are the statements True () or False ()?

LIVING IN THE USA

Roberto came from Acapulco to

New York ten years ago At first he missed

everything – the sunshine, the food, his

girlfriend But now he has a successful

business with his three brothers and his

sister They run a soccer store in New

Brunswick Roberto’s girlfriend is now his

wife, and they have two children who go to

American schools

When asked why he came to the US,

Roberto says without hesitation, “Because

I want to work hard and be successful.” He

certainly works hard He’s at the store all

day, then works as a driver in the evening

“That’s why I like America,” he says “You

can be what you want.”

“When I first came here, I didn’t speak

the language, and it was winter It was so

cold! There was snow! Now nearly all my

family are here, not only in New York, but

also in California, and in Texas We meet

about once a month and have a huge

Mexican meal that takes about five hours!

We’re all happy here.”

1 Roberto came to New York with his girlfriend

2 Roberto’s sister lives in New York

3 Roberto’s family runs a sports shop

4 Roberto is married

5 Roberto didn’t want to come to America

6 Roberto has two jobs

7 Roberto couldn’t speak English at first

8 The weather was a problem for Roberto

9 All Roberto’s family now lives in New York

10 Some of Roberto’s family want to go back to Mexico

VOCABULARY Daily life

1 Match the verbs and nouns

have clear up

do send

an email the mess

a shower the washing-up

a cup of coffee

in front of the TV

cook

go put on read

magazines

a meal make-up

to the toilet

2 Where do you usually do the activities in exercise 1? Write them in the chart

3 Complete these sentences with the correct words

1 John never has ……… on weekdays, only at weekends because he goes to work very early

2 My brother has a hot ………… every morning and every evening

3 I ………… my hair three times a week

4 I didn’t have time to put on any ………… this morning

5 Mary never ………… books or newspapers, she only ………… music magazines

6 I don’t often ……… the washing-up because we have a dishwasher

7 I’m going to ……… a cup of coffee Does anybody want one?

8 My parents usually ………… ten o’clock news on TV

9 My sister says I ……… my friends so much

10 You made this mess, so you ………… it up!

11 Can I ……… an email from your computer?

12 How can you ……… to music while you’re working?

13 She is always so tired after work, she just want to ……… in front of the TV

14 My mum cooked a ………… for ten people last night

15 I didn’t forget to ………… my homework, I forgot to bring it

16 Can you wait for a minute? I need to ……….… to the toilet

LISTENING

Listen and fill in the blank:

Hi, my name is Carly and I ………… …(1) Australia But I live near London now with my ………(2) Dave and our three children I came to Britain …….………(3) years ago when I got married

I’m a student with the Open University This means I watch special

…… …… (4) on the television and work at home I send my ………… …(5) to my course teacher every week I’m studying art and the course is really ………….…(6) At the moment, I’m reading about Italian painters in ……… ……(7), which is difficult because I only ……….……(8) a little Italian My course started a year ago and it’s

………… (9) years long After I graduate, I’m going to …….………(10) a job in an art gallery or museum

WRITING

A LINKING WORDS: but, although, and however, so and because

1 Read these sentences They all mean the same How are they different?

- I don’t write many letters but I send emails a lot

- Although I don’t write many letters, I send emails a lot

- I don’t write many letters However, I send emails a lot

Note: But, however, although are linking words They can contrast ideas but they are used differently But stands between the two clauses of a complex sentence, although stand at the beginning of a complex sentence while however stands at the beginning of

a simple sentence, after another simple one

2 Read these sentences:

a He lived in France for many years, so he speaks French very well

b He speaks French well because he lived in France for many years

Which pattern goes with which sentences?

a Result - Cause

b Cause  - Result

Note: So is used to express the result of the statement before while because

expresses the reason or cause of something

2 Join the pairs of sentences in two different ways, using so and because

1 She went home She was tired

………

5 It started to rain We stopped playing tennis

………

3 Rewrite these sentences below using although, but, so, however

1 He can’t do this exercise because he isn’t very good at maths

From: “Leseignoux Soazig” <leseignoux.soazig@ yahoo.com >

Date: Wed, 27 Apr 20:07:36 + 0100 (BTS)

To: “Mary Brown” <mary_brown.fsneet.co.uk>

Subject: Re: Do you remember me?

How wonderful to hear from you Of course I remember you, (1) ………… it's over eight years since we last met Who gave you my email address? It was great to learn a bit about you and your family You asked what I'm doing these days, (2)

……… here's some of my news

First things first— I married Thomas! I know you never liked him much, (3)

………… you'll probably be pleased to hear that we're now divorced (4) ……… ,

we still see each other a lot 5)……… we have two children, Alan and Max They're 7 and 5 now and they're good boys, (6) ……… of course, they're sometimes a bit of a handful We moved from Birmingham (7) ………I didn't want the boys to grow up in a big city We now live in a big, old farmhouse in Wales It's really beautiful (8) ……… it's expensive to look after (9) ……… it's so old Thomas still lives in Birmingham, (10) ……… he often visits and the boys always spend part of their holidays with him

I know you're busy (11) ……… I'd love you to visit us soon and meet my new husband Yes, I'm married again Do you remember Richard Taylor? He was older

than us and I think you liked him a lot! Well, we got married a year ago Can you

Write an email to your old friend and tell him / her about your life Use the

phrases below

Dear X

How wonderful/amazing to hear from you

I was so surprised………/What a wonderful surprise ……….!

How did you get my email address?

It was great to hear your news

Let me tell you something about my life

I can't believe that

Guess what! ………

Do you remember ?

Let's keep in touch

Best wishes/All the best

C Guided sentence building: Use the following sets of words and phrases to write complete sentences

1 What programme/ she/ often/ watch?

2 woman/ at the newsagent's/ carry/ briefcase

3 Paul's father/ work/ an instruction company

4 You/ listen/ radio/ morning?

5 Your heart/ beat/ approximately/ 75 times/ a minute

6 You cannot see her now She/ have/ a meeting

2 UNIT

WHAT HAPPENED NEXT ?

Past Simple / Past Continuous / Adverbs

WARM UP Here are the past tense forms of some irregular verbs Write the infinitives

in hysterics But he was terribly embarrassed

Say whether these sentences below true ()or false ()

1 It was an autumn day

2 Tom was playing football when he saw Carol and Jim

3 He was drinking a beer because it was very hot

4 Carol and Jim were walking with their baby

5 They didn’t stopped to talk when they met

6 There was an old woman behind Tom when Tom, Carol and Jim were talking

7 The man was reading a novel

8 The ice cream landed on the man’s hand

9 Jim and Carol weren’t laughing They were crying

10 Tom wasn’t embarrassed

GRAMMAR QUESTIONS

1 What tenses are the verbs in the text above?

2 How do we form the questions and negative of verbs in these tenses

3 Look et these sentences What is the difference between them?

When we arrived, Mary made some coffee

When we arrived, Mary was making some coffee

GRAMMAR REVIEW

I THE PAST SIMPLE TENSE

Form

The form of the Past Simple is the same for all persons

Positive and negative Question

Yes/No question:

Did you go to work yesterday?

Short answer: Yes, I did / No, I don’t

Spelling of regular verbs:

- We add -ed to most regular verbs: wait-waited, open-opened, offer-offered, etc

- If a verb ends in -e, add -d: use-used, arrive-arrived, etc

- If a single vowel is followed by a single consonant double the final consonant:

stop-stopped, drop-dropped, plan-planned, etc

- We double the last consonant of two-syllable verbs when the second syllable is

1 The Past Simple expresses a past action that is now finished

e.g We played tennis last Sunday

I worked in London from 1994 to 1 999

John left two minutes ago

2 The Simple Past tense is also used for a past habit:

e.g He always carried an umbrella

They never drank wine

3 The Past Simple is used in Conditional sentences, type 2

e.g If I were you, I’d forget all about it

If I had a car, I would give you a lift

In 1995

II THE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

Form

Was/were + verb-ing (present participle)

Yes /No question

Were you working yesterday? Yes, I was / No, I wasn’t

Use

1 The Past Continuous expresses a past activity that has duration

e.g / had a good time while I was living in Paris

You were making a lot of noise last night Were you having a party?

2 The activity was in progress before, and probably after, a time in the past

e.g 'What were you doing at 8.00 last night?' 'I was watching TV.'

When I woke up this morning, the sun was shining

III Past Simple and Continuous

1 The Past Simple expresses completed past actions The Past Continuous

expresses activities in progress Compare:

// rained every day of our holiday

We went for a swim even though it was raining

2 A Past Simple action can interrupt a Past Continuous activity in progress

When I phoned Simon he was having a shower

I was doing my homework when Jane arrived

3 In stories, the Past Continuous can describe the scene The Past Simple tells the

action

It was a beautiful day The sun was shining and the birds were singing, so we

decided to go for a picnic We put everything in the car

4 Notice how the questions refer to different time periods

What were you doing when you lost your passport?

 I was shopping

What did you do when you lost your passport?

→I went to the police station

IV Prepositions in time expressions

yesterday (evening) last night / week

the day before yesterday two weeks ago

PRACTICE

1 Complete the sentences with the Past Simple of the verbs in brackets

1 Mary ……… (stop) working at 6 p.m

2 My wife and I ……… (work) in a hotel last summer

3 We ……… (not/see) our grandparents last week

4 ……… Mike and Peter ………(go) to Finland in July?

5 My sister ………(leave) school in 1995

6 When ………… Tom ……… (arrive)?

7 Mike ………….(fix) my computer for me last night

8 My parents ………(have) a house by the sea

9 When ……… the programme ……… (finish)?

10 They ……… (organize) a surprise party for her

11 I ……… (visit) Istanbul in 1995 I ………… (go) there with my friend

We only ………… (speak) English unfortunately! Sometimes people ……… (not understand) us, but it ……… (not matter) They ………… (be) very friendly We ………… (see) many beautiful buildings including the Aya Sophia Mosque We ……… (not have) much money so we ………… (try) to live cheaply

We ………… (eat) a lot of bread and cheese We …… (have) a wonderful time in Turkey and I’m sure we’ll go back there some days

2 Match the verb phrases Make sentences using both verbs in the past Join

the sentences with so, because, and, or but

8 forget her birthday

9 take my driving test

j hear a strange noise

e.g 1 + i: The phone rang, so I answer it

3 Talking about you

Answer these questions:

What did you do……… ?

• last night • on your last birthday • last weekend

• last New Year's Eve • on your last holiday

e.g I went to the pub last night

4 Choose the correct verb form

1 Anna saw / was seeing a good programme on TV last night

2 While she shopped / was shopping this morning, she lost / was losing her

wallet She doesn’t know how

3 Last week the police stopped / were stopping Peter because he drove / he was

driving at over eighty miles an hour

4 “How did you break / were you breaking your leg?”

“I skied / was skiing and I hit / was hitting a tree.”

5 When we arrived / were arriving at the party, everyone had / was having a good

time

6 Did you have / Were you having a good time last night?

7 How did she cut / was she cutting her finger?

She cut / was cutting it while she peeled / was peeling onions

5 Complete the sentences with the verbs in the Past Simple or Past Continuous

1 While Mike ………… (go) to work this morning, he ……… (meet) an old friend

2 I ……… (not / want) to get up this morning It ………… (rain) and it was cold, and

my bed was so warm

3 The phone ………… (ring) just as Mary ……… (leave) the office

4 When she ……… (pick) up the phone, there was no-one there

5 I ………… (say) hello to the children, but they didn’t say anything because they

…………(watch) television

6 It was such a terrible night! The wind (1) ……… (blow) and the trees (2)

………… (make) a lot of noise Suddenly, I (3) ……… (hear) a big crash of thunder and it (4) ……… (start) to rain As I (5) ………… (run) home, I (6) ……… (fall) over and got soaking wet The rain (7) ………… (come) down so hard that it (8) ………… (be) difficult to see anything I was very happy when I finally (9) ……… (arrive) back at my house

6 Choose the correct preposition

1 They started the course on / at / in April

2 Let's meet on / in / at 8.30

3 I went to university in / at / on the 1990s

4 What would you like to do at / in / on the morning?

5 We always go shopping on / in / at the weekend

6 Wendy bought a car at / on / in November

7 Do you eat special food at / on / in Christmas?

8 What did he do at / on / in Sunday?

9 I'll give you a call at / on / in two weeks' time

10 In / On / At New Year's Day we often go to the beach

7 Complete the time expressions with the correct prepositions

………… Wednesday afternoon ……… April 1st

8 Complete the sentences with ago, when, last

1 My parents moved to London ………… I was five

2 I left college three years …………

3 I found a flat on my own ……… year

4 ………… we got home, we listened to some music

5 I bought a car a few weeks ………

6 I had an accident ………… night

7 I didn't go home ………… weekend because some friends came to stay

READING

Read the text Are the statements true ()or false ()? Correct the wrong sentences

HETTY GREEN The Witch of Wall Street

Henrietta (Hetty) Green was a very spoilt, only child She

was born in Massachusetts, USA, in 1835 Her father was a

millionaire businessman Her mother was often ill, and so from the

age of two her father took her with him to work and taught her about

stocks and shares At the age of six she started reading the daily

financial newspapers and she opened her own bank account Her

father died when she was 21 and she inherited $7.5 million

She went to New York and invested on Wall Street Hetty

saved every penny, eating in the cheapest restaurants for 15 cents

She became one of the richest and most hated women in the world

She was called ‘The Witch of Wall Street’ At 33 she married

Edward Green, a multi-millionaire, and had two children, Ned and

Sylvia

Hetty’s meanness was legendary She always argued about

prices in shops She walked to the local grocery store to buy broken

cookies (biscuits) which were much cheaper, and to get a free bone

for her much-loved dog, Dewey Once she lost a two-cent stamp

and spent the night looking for it She never bought clothes and

always wore the same long, ragged black skirt Worst of all, when

her son Ned fell and injured his knee, she refused to pay for a

doctor and spent hours looking for free medical help In the end

Ned’s leg was amputated

When she died in 1916 she left her children $100 million (worth

$9.3 billion today) Her daughter built a hospital with her money

Read the poem below look at the words in bold and Italic:

I ran into your arm so happily, You looked at me guiltily, You spoke to me quite softly,

I turned and walked away sadly

Gradually I learned to smile again

1 What do these words have in common? How to form these words? To what part of speech do they belong to?

2 These words above are called adverbs Many adverbs end in –ly

Match an adverb in A and a verb in B and make sentences with it

3 In which of these sentences can the adverb change position? Rewrite them

1 Tidy your room first Then you can go out

a Normally, an adverb is formed by adding –ly in to its corresponding adjective

 e.g quick – quickly grave-gravely immediate-immediately

b However, - A final y changes to i: happy-happily

- A final e is retained: extreme-extremely (Exception: true, due, whole)

- Adjectives ending in able/ible drop the final e and add y: capably

capable-c Exceptions

 Some adjectives ending in -ly eg friendly, likely, lonely, etc cannot be used as

adverbs and have no adverb form

 To supply this deficiency we use a similar adverb or adverb phrase:

 likely (adj) –probably (adv);

 friendly (adj)-in a friendly way

d There are also many adverbs that do not end in –ly such as back, still, here, again,

first, together, just, straight, …

2 Position

1 Adverbs do not usually go between a verb and its object

E.g You speak English well ( NOT You speak well English.)

I did my homework quickly (NOT I did quickly my homework.)

2 Some adverbs can change position

e.g It rain all day yesterday / Yesterday it rained all day

I woke up suddenly / Suddenly I woke up

PRACTICE

1 Rewrite the sentences with the adverbs in brackets

1 I was dreaming when a loud noise woke me up (peacefully, suddenly)

2 My Grandma is 75 and she goes swimming, (nearly, still, regularly)

3 I unlocked the door and went into the night, (quietly, outside)

4 She whispered in his ear, 'Do you love me?' 'I do,' he replied, (softly, really, of course)

5 I was relaxing with a good book when someone knocked on the door, (just, really, loudly)

6 Break the eggs into a bowl and mix them with the flour, (first, then, together)

7 I got up and crept to the front door, (quickly, downstairs)

8 I work and I do my homework, but I don't get good marks (hard, carefully, still)

2 Write the sentences with the adjectives and adverbs in the correct place

1 A dog jumped up at me (large, suddenly)

A large dog suddenly jumped up at me

2 Thank you for your invitation I can't come (kind, unfortunately)

3 I got out of bed and went to make a cup of tea (downstairs, nice)

4 We had a meal and went to the theatre (lovely, then)

5 I was sitting at home when something happened (last Thursday evening, very strange)

6 He's got three sisters and I've got three sisters (older, too)

7 There was a documentary on TV last night I enjoyed it (good, very much)

8 I worked all week (really hard, last)

3 Correct the word order in the sentences

1 I like very much modern art ………

2 She plays very well the piano ………

3 He explained quickly the situation ………

4 I went last night to the cinema ………

5 I visit often my grandparents ………

4 Complete the sentences with an adverb from the box

mainly possibly happily exactly badly well really nearly

seriously straight

1 Our team lost the match because they played so …………

2 I did ……… in the exam I got 85%

3 A Are you going out?

B ……… I don't know yet

4 My son's ……… eight It's his birthday next week

5 The exam was ………… difficult I couldn't do any of it

6 I travel a lot in my job, ……… to Europe

7 There was an accident, but no one was injured

8 I thought Jane and Henry were ………… married, but they just got divorced

9 A How do I get to the station?

B Go ……….on, and turn left at the traffic lights

10 I have ……… £3.52 in my pocket Not much, is it?

5 Correct the mistakes in these sentences

1 What time did you got up this morning?

2 I no liked Tom Cruise's new film

3 Jane studied very hard for her exams and past them all

4 What did you do in your last birthday?

5 I had a shower when the phone rang

6 I was taking my driving test three times before I passed

7 David telled a joke but nobody laughed

8 The baby peacefully was sleeping

9 What did you do in Monday evening?

10 Where did you live when you met Frank?

LISTENING

Listen and fill in the blank:

1- …… going to lead the tour?

- The director will

2- ……… is the women’s department?

- It’s on the fourth floor

3- She’s the new supervisor, …………?

- Yes ,she was hired yesterday

4- Have you seen …………?

- Yes , It was on the shelf

5- ……… late yesterday?

- No, I left at noon

6- ……… walk or take a taxi?

- Let’s walk! I could use the exercise

7- ………… does it take to get to New York?

- Around two hours

8- ……… for a living?

- I’m an accounting manager

9- ……… to attend the weekly meeting?

- Yes, and I’ll have to present my research

10- ……… are you going with?

- T&L Entreprises I’d say

WRITING

1 Makes sentences from words below:

1 When Judy / be / young / she / want / be / nurse………

2 I / be / very / surprised / get / letter ………

3 you / have / good / time / New York? ………

4 I / look / forward / hear / all / about / it ………

5 I / my homework / two hour ago ………

6 Weather / so / bad / I / not / go / work ………

7 you / interested / listen / pop music / classical music? ………

8 While / Mr White / work / garden / Mrs White / cook / kitchen ………

9 She / a bath / every morning ………

10 We / spend / time / learn / English / French ………

2 Write the Past Simple sentences in the correct order

1 lost / Jack / his job / ago / a month

2 didn't / last / We / have / year / a holiday

3 lunchtime / We / to the park / yesterday / a picnic / took

4 sent / you /I / an email / but / reply / didn't

5 go / Why / night / did / so late / you / to bed / last

3 Look at the pictures What do you think the story is about? Use the prompts for pictures 1-4 to write the story of Aunt Camilla's Portrait

Finally, the portrait ready My aunt excited and hurried The portrait exactly like

my aunt Unfortunately, she and refused She ordered him to

Picture 4

This time didn't visit the studio After another three months, the portrait ready and

my aunt see it The face a beautiful girl It didn't like my aunt at all, she loved

It She paid Rolf

4 Here’s another picture story “The French Burglar” It’s a true story!

Write the story, using the prompts for each picture Use as many adverbs and

adjectives as you can

1 One ……… summer’s evening last June, a burglar broke into a …… house in Paris First he … living room and …… put ………

2 Next ……… kitchen to ……… He opened ………… and saw …… cheese

3 ………… feeling hungry, so he took ,,,,,,,,, and sat ………… Then he

remembered ……

4 He went back ………… and quickly …………

5 After that ………… upstairs to ……… , but suddenly …… really tired, so

………

6 Unfortunately, ………… asleep ………., and the next morning when ………

3

THE MARKET PLACE

Count and uncount nouns / Quantity / articles

WARM UP 1 Find as many words about foot and drink as you can

e.g apple, orange, grape, coca-cola, milk, etc

2 Continue this sentence below:

e.g Yesterday, I went shopping and I bought an apple,

………

PRESENTATION 1

1 Read the text and look at the picture below

The Pyramid diet

We’ve had them all- the High Fibre diet, the

Protein diet, the Hip and Thigh diet And

here’s the latest- the Pyramid diet But this

isn’t a diet to help people lose weight It’s a

diet for a healthy life The Pyramid diet is very

simple Different kinds of food are at different

levels of the pyramid, the less you should

eat

At the bottom of the pyramid are complex

carbohydrates like bread, pasta and

potatoes These provide fibre and energy

About 50% of your diet should be complex

carbohydrates At the second level are fruit These also provide a lot of calcium

and vegetables, such as apples and carrots

These should be about 30% of your diet,

They provide vitamins and minerals as well

as fibre

Above fruit and vegetables are the

protein-rich foods like meat, fish, beans and cheese

These protein-rich foods should be about 18% of your diet At the top of the pyramid are fat, oil and sugar We should eat as little as possible of things

1 Which can we make plural?

2 Which can we use a or an with?

3 Write the words uncountable and countable at the top of the correct

columns

2 Nick is at the super market, he is speaking to his wife, Sarah, on the phone Read and complete the conversation with the quantities in the box with the items

on the shopping list

a large tube six rolls a kilo

four or five big ones a dozen

a bottle of red one brown loaf

N: Orange juice, then And vegetables? Have we got many vegetables?

S: Well, we’ve got some broccoli and a few carrots, but there aren’t many onions

N: Right, onions…

S: Oh, and don’t forget – your nephews are coming tomorrow! we need something for them

N: Ok, lots of crisps and ice cream Anything else?

S: I don’t think so But for goodness sake, don’t forget the nappies Oh an a big bunch of flowers for me!

GRAMMAR QUESTIONS:

1 When do we use “some”? When do we use “any”?

2 When do we use “a little”, “a few”, “much” and “many”?

GRAMMAR REVIEW

EXPRESSIONS OF QUANTITY

1 Count nouns and uncount nouns

Look at these examples below:

I bought a some eggs and some milk

I haven’t got any free time at the moment I want to meet my friends soon

→ Is there any differences between the nouns in bold, italic?

Can we count one egg, two eggs, ……, one milk, two milk?

It is important to understand the difference between count and uncount nouns

Count nouns Uncount

We can say three cups, two girls, ten pounds We can count them We cannot say two waters, three musics, one money, etc We cannot count them

Count nouns can be singular or plural

This cup is full → These cups are empty

Uncount nouns can be only singular

The water is cold

The weather was terrible

2 Expressions of quantity

a Much and many

* We use much with uncount nouns in questions and negatives

e.g How much milk is there in the fridge?

I don’t buy much meat

* We use many with count nouns in question and negatives:

e.g How many books do you have?

I didn’t take many photos on holiday

b Some and any

- used in positive sentence

Ex: I want to buy some potatoes

-used in question that are requests or

offers

Ex: Would you like some tea?

-used in negatives Ex: We don’t have any washing up liquid -used in questions

Ex: Is there any sugar in this tea?

Note: The rules are the same for the compounds someone, something, anything,

nothing, etc

e.g I’ve got something for you

Hello? Is anybody there?

There isn’t anywhere to go in my town

c A few and a little

* We use a few with count nouns

e.g They have a few minutes to finish this work

* We use a little with uncount nouns

e.g They have a little time to finish this work

d A lot of/ lots of

* We use a lot of and lots of with both count and uncount nouns

e.g There is a lot of butter

I’ve got lots of friends

* A lot of and lots of can be used in questions and negatives

e.g Are there lots of tourists in your country?

There isn’t a lot of rice for us

PRACTICE

1.Complete the sentences with some and any

1 Has Mary got…….brothers or sisters?

2 They don’t need……….olive oil

3 Here are……….letters for you

4 We need…… money

5 We haven't got ……… paper

6 I'll buy ………… paper when I go to the shops

7 Is there ………… petrol in the car?

8 Yes I put ……… in yesterday

9 I bought ……… fruit, but they didn't have …… vegetables

10 Do you have ………… change? I need 50p

11 I saw…… .change on the table a minute ago

12 I need ……… help with my homework

13 I don't have ……… free time today Sorry

14 Did you have …………problems with this exercise?

15 Can I have …… more milk, please?

16 I haven’t got ………… work to do

17 Is there ……… news about the new project?

18 We went out with ……… friends last night

19 Could you get me …… stamps, please?

20 There isn’t ……… information on the computer about this

2 Complete the sentences with much and many

1 Have you got ……….homework?

2 I don’t need…….eggs Just half a dozen

3 Is there…… traffic in your town?

4 There aren’t…… students in my class

5 How……….people live in your house?

3 Complete the sentences with a little, a few, or a lot of

1 She has ……… close friends Two or three

2 He has ……… money He's a millionaire

3 “Do you take sugar in coffee?” “Just ……… Half a spoonful.”

4 “Have you got ……… CDs?” “Hundreds.”

5 I’ll be ready in ……… minutes

6 I've learnt a lot of Spanish, but only ……… Russian

4 Write questions with How much? or How many?