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NhiJng diem can luu y trong nudi dudng, cham soc Ian cai hau bi: - Khau phin thiic an ngheo dinh dudng hoac khong cho lpn an dii dinh lupng thi lam giam tang trpng, the chat phat trien k

C O N G HOA XA HOI CHU NGHIA VIET NAM

Dpc lap - Tir do - Hanh phiic

SAN PHAM

DE TAI KHOA HOC CONG NGHE CAP NHA Nl/OC

Ten de tai:

NGHIEN CCrU CTNG DUNG CAC GIAI PHAP KY THUAT TRONG XAY DL/NG

MO HiNH CHAN N U O I LON NAI NGOAI (YORKSHIRE, LANDRACE) GIONG ONG

BA CAO SAN TAI TRANG TRAI NONG HO CHAN NUOI THEO PHLTONG THCTC

CONG NGHIEP 6 PHO X U Y E N , HA TAY

Doanh nghiep chii tri d^ tai: CONG TY TNHH XAY DONG VA DjCH VU KHANH KHUE Dja chi: KM 37 QUOC LO 1A GUOT, XA PHUC TIEN, HUYEN PHU XUYEN HA TAY

Dien thoai: 034.854296; 034.854443

Chii nhiem de tai: PGS.TS VO TRONG HOT

Ha tay, thang 6/2007

MUC LUC

Trang

Quy trinh ky thuat chan nuoi Icrn ngoai trong trang trai 1

Chuyen de: Nghien ciru irng dung cac giai phap ky thuat ve 43

chuong trai va \\x Iy chat thai

Bao cao khoa hgc: Ket qua nghien ciru iing dung mot so bien 48

phap ky thuat chon loc xay dyng dan Ion hat nhan giong ong

ba Yorkshire, Landrace cao san dung de san xuat ra dan Icrn

thuan bo sung, duy tri dan ong ba

Bao cao khoa hoc: Hieu qua xay dyng mo hinh chan nuoi Iffn 55

nai ngoai Yorkshire, Landrace giong ong ba cao san tai trang

trai nong ho chan nuoi theo phuong thiic cong nghiep

C O N G T H H H X A Y DinSTG VA DICH VU KHAJSTH KHUE

TRAI LON GidNG THCM XOA

QIJYTRI]\n

KY THUAT CHAN NUOI LON NGOAI TRONG TRANG TRAI

HA TAY, T H A N G 6/2007

QUI TRINH CHON LOC LON GIONG HAU B\ DliC VA CAI BO SUNG CHO DAN HAT NHAN DE SAN XUAT DAN ONG BA, BO ME CO

CHAT LUONG CAO

i - Pham vi ap dung: Qui trinh nay ap dung cho viec chon loc cac ca the tot, bd

sung cho dan Ion hat nhan nhSm san xuat ong ba, bo me chat luong cao trong Trai Ion giong cua Cong ty va cac co so chan nuoi lan nai sinh san, cac giong Ion Landrace, Yorkshire, Duroc va con lai ciia chiing a Ha Tay

II Noi dung quy trinh:

1 Chon Ign cai hau bi

a Chgn ve nguon gdc: Chon con co ly lich ro rang, bo phai dat dac cap, me phai dat

tir cap I tro len

b Chgn loc ngogi hinh: Ngoai hinh phai mang duoc cac net dac trung cua giong (Ion

thuan Landrace, Yorkshire, lan lai F|(LY) va F,(YL), cac bo phan ca the phai lien ket hai hoa va chia ra cac phan de danh gia:

- Phan co: C6 dai, khong chon nhirng con co ngdn va khong co sir ket hap chat

chi vdi dau va vai

- Phan nguc : Rong, khong sau, khong chon nhung con nguc lep va sau

- Phan lung: Hai cong hoac thing, rong, dai, lien ket tot vai phan vai va mong, loai nhiing con lung vong

- Phan diii : Dai, be mat rong, day dan, khong chon nhirng con diii hep lep

- Chan: Thing, chdc Khong chon nhirng con chan yeu di ban chan co hinh chCr

X, chit O hoac chan di vong kieng

- Vu: chon nhiing con co 12 vii tra len, cac mim vii noi ro va each deu nhau Khong chpn nhiing con co vu ke, lech

- Long: Thua, bong mugt, mau long dien hmh cho tirng giong va to hap lai

- Da: Mong, hong hao, khong co benh ngoai da

- Duoi: Khau duoi to

- Am ho: Phat trien can doi, khong chon nhung con co am ho nho hay di tat

- Mong chan: Bang, hai ngon chan to, ngon ngoai hai rpng va dai han ngon trong mpt chiit, khong chpn nhung con mong qua choe, doang rpng, mong ha va niit

c Cdc thdi diem chpn gidng

- Lan chpn 1: Liic 2 - 2,5 thang tuoi (P tir 22 - 25 kg), can can cu vao nguon goc va ngoai hinh

2

- Lan chpn 2: Khi Ion dat 90 kg (6 thang tu6i), ket hpp vai ngoai hinh, chpn Ipc can cii vao dp day ma lung (dao dong tir 12-15 mm) va sinh truang (tang trpng tir 600-700 g/ngay)

- Lan chpn 3: Khi Ipn ngoai 7 thang tuoi, chpn de quyet dinh phdi gidng Chpn chat lupng mong va chan lan cudi Khong chpn nhitng Ipn cai dong due that thudng Lpn hau bi 9-10 thang tuoi, khdi lupng da dat tren 130 kg chua dong due thi thai loai

- Tdt nhat nen chpn Ipc thudng xuyen, loai thai kip thdi nhung lpn cai khdng dii tieu chuan lam gidng trong qua trinh nudi hau bi

2 Chon ldn disc hau bj

a Chpn ve nguon gdc

Chpn con cd ly lich rd rang, bd phai dat dac cap va me phai dat tii ca'p I trd len

va xuat phat tir nhiing ca sd gidng cd uy tin

b Chgn loc ngogi hinh

Ngoai hinh phai mang dupe cac net dac trung ciia gidng, cac bp phan can can ddi hai hoa va lien ket chac chan

- Phan CO : Co dai, khong chpn nhirng con cd ngin va khdng cd sir ket hop chat chi vdi dau va vai

- Phan nguc : Rdng, Khdng sau, khong chpn nhirng con nguc lep va sau

- Phin lung: Hai cong hoac thing, rpng, dai, lien ket tdt vdi phan vai va mong, loai nhirng con lung vong

- Chan, diii: chan thing, chic, co chan ngin khoe, Khong chpn nhirng con chan yeu di ban, chan cd hinh chii X hoac chii O, vdng kieng Dili Dai, be mat rpng, day dan, khdng chpn nhung con diii hep lep

- Vii: chpn nhung con cd 12 vii trd len, cac niim vii ndi rd va each deu nhau

- Long: Thua, bdng mupt, mau ldng dien hinh cho tirng gidng

- Da: Mdng, hdng hao, khong cd benh ngoai da

- Dudi: Khau dudi to

- Dich hoan: Can ddi, to, ndi rd, gpn chic, khdng chpn nhirng con ca lech, ca an, ca bong, ca xe, da dich hoan sii si hoac ghe nam

- Mdng chan: Mdng bing, hai ngdn chan to, ngdn ngoai hai rpng va dai han ngdn trong mdt chiit, khong chpn nhirng con mdng qua choe, doang rpng, mdng ha va niit

c Chgn loc qua kiem tra cd the

Sau khi da chpn dupe nhutig con cd ngudn gdc va ngoai hinh tdt, due gidng cin dupe qua kiem tra ca the va phai dat dupe nhiing tieu chuan sau:

- Tang trpng tdi thieu tir 700g - 800g/ngay

- Tieu tdn thiic an thap han 2,8 - 3,0kg/lkg tangtrpng

- Dp day ma lung khi dat 90kg< 15mm (Diem P2)

3

- Phim chit tinh dich khi 10 thang tuoi dat: V>150ml, A>0,7;VAC>15ty (lpn Landrace va Yorkshire); VAC> 20 ty (lpn Duroc x Pietrain), Acrosom binh thudng>85%, ty le ky hinh <15%

d Cdc then diem chgn gidng

- Lan chpn 1: Chpn lpn dua vao kiem tra (liic 2-3 thang tudi: P= 25 ± 1 kg), tieu chi

chpn lan nay can cii vao ngudn gdc, yeu cau ve ngoai hinh nhu da neu d tren

- Lan chpn 2: Khi Ion ket thiic kiem tra (6 thang tuoi hoac 90 kg), tieu chi ciia chpn Ipc lin nay la can cu vao ket qua danh gia theo chi sd chpn Ipc va ket qua danh gia v6 ngoai hinh

- Lan chpn 3: Nhiing lpn due da dupe chpn d lan 2 tien hanh cho luyen nhay gia, danh gia tinh hang, chat lupng tinh dich Loai bd nhiing lpn due hau bi khong cd tinh hang, cha't lupng tinh kem (khong cd tinh triing, tinh loang, ti le ky hinh cao qua miic cho phep)

3 Cac m l u bleu theo do! ldn cai, due hau bj

I The theo doi Ion cai hau bi

So tai: So hieu

Ngay kiem tra Kg Dien bie'n sinh ly dong due lan cai

Ngay dong due lan dau:

Ngay dong due lan thii 2:

Ngay dong due lan 3:

Ngay phdi gidng lan 1:

KT

Sd ngay nuoi

KT

Tang trpng binh quan/n g(gr)

Chi phi TA/kg tang P

Day mo lung (Do tai diem P2, vao ngay ket thuc KT)

Chi sd

CL

Xep loai

Ngay sir dung

2 The theo doi lorn due hau bi

Ten trai S O TAI

P vao (kg):

P r a : Tong thuc an (kg):

Phdm chdt tinh dich

Theo doi thiirc an

Ngay thang Kg Ngay thang Kg

QUY TRINH KY THUAT CHAM SOC NUOI DUONG

LON CAI HAU Bl

1/ Pham vi ap dung: Tai Trai lpn gidng ong ba, bd me ciia Cdng ty va cac ca sd

chan nuoi va kinh doanh lpn nai sinh san, cac gidng lpn Landrace, Yorkshire, Duroc

va con lai ciia chiing d Ha Tay

II - No! dung quy trinh

I Che do dinh duong va thiifc an ddi v«ii lpn cai hau bi

Sir dung thiic an hdn hop hoan chinh, phii hpp vdi cac giai doan sinh trudng ciia lpn

Bdng 1: Che dp dinh duang ciia lan cdi hau hi theo cdc giai dogn sinh truang

Thiifc an hon hap

18

16

15

ME (Kcal)

P(%)

0,60 0.55 0,55

Lysin (%)

0,90 0,85 0,70

Met/Cyst (%)

0,65 0,55 0,50

Bdng 2: Mite dn cho tilng giai dogn sinh trudng

Lupng Protein tho/con/ngay (g) 160-204 208-238 210-240 255-270 285-300 315-330 273-286 286-299

Nang lupng (ME) (Kcal/con/ngay) 3100-3720 4030-4340 4200-4800 5100-5400 5700-6000 6300-6600 6090-6380 6380-6670

- Tii 90 kg the trpng den 10-14 ngay trudc ngay dir kien phdi gidng miic an 2,0 kg/con/ngay (tuang iing protein thd 280g, nang lupng trao ddi = 5800 kcal)

6

- Che dp an: + Tir 20-30 kg - cho an 4 bua/ngay

+ Tir 31-65 kg - cho an 3 bua/ngay

+ Tir 66 kg den phdi gidng - cho an 2 bua/ngay

- Tir sau 90 kg (5 - 6 thang tudi) den khi phdi gidng:

+ Thong thudng cho an tir 2,2 - 2,7kgTA/ngay (tuy theo the trang cua lpn)

+ Trong mua dong lanh - lupng thiic an tang 20% - 25%

+ Trudc 1 0 - 1 5 ngay den ngay phdi gidng - cho an tu do

2 Cham soc Ipn cai hau bi:

- Lpn cai hau bi nuoi tap trung thanh tirng 6 chudng va dam bao mat dp chudng nuoi (dien tich tdi thieu 1,2mVcon)

- Thuong xuyen chpn Ipc va theo ddi kha nang sinh trudng va phat due

Chudng nuoi sach se thoang mat, nhiet dd thfch hpp (nhiet dd 2430"C; am dp 65 75%; tdc dp gid 1,4 - l,7m/giay)

Cho lpn cai ( 5 6 thang tudi) tiep xiie vdi lpn due 2 lan/ngay (mdi lin 15 phiit)

- Phdi gidng cho lpn: tir 7,5 - 8 thang tuoi;

- Bd qua cac lin dong due dau tien va lan ddng due thii hai 6 lan dong due thii 3, lpn cai hau hi dupe phdi chinh thiic bing tinh dich chuan vdi chat lupng tinh dat theo TCN v6 chat lupng tin dich da ban hanh

- Sau khi phdi gidng, lpn nai dupe nhdt rieng biet md eon 1 6 tai chudng lpn nai chua

va chd phdi

- Cd bang bieu va sd sach ghi chep

- Thuc hien day dii theo quy dinh cong tac thu y va tiem phdng \ i c xin cho lpn cai hau

hi

3 NhiJng diem can luu y trong nudi dudng, cham soc Ian cai hau bi:

- Khau phin thiic an ngheo dinh dudng hoac khong cho lpn an dii dinh lupng thi lam giam tang trpng, the chat phat trien kem, keo dai ngay dat khdi lupng phdi gidng, keo dai tudi de liia dau, ti le thu thai kem de kem

- Trudng hop cho lpn hau bi an qua miic so vdi yeu cau (dac biet la giai doan tir 120kg) se lam cho lpn qua beo din den lpn khd dong due hoac dong due bat thudng, ti

80-le thu thai kem

- Chudng trai: Chudng nudi dam bao thdng thoang: a'm ve miia dong, mat ve miia he, ti6u khi hau chudng nudi tdt Lpn cai giai doan hau bi nuoi nhdt chung tdt han la nuoi nhdt tirng 6 rieng le, dam bao dien tich 1,2 - l,3m"/con Mat dd nuoi: khong qua dong

- Nude udng: thudng xuyen cung cap cho lpn dii nude sach

4 Quan Ii Ipn cai hau bj:

• Lpn cai hau bi dupe nhdt chung 10-20 con/6 chudng

- Cho lpn cai d 5 -6 thang tudi tiep xiic vdi lpn due mdi ngay 2 lin mdi lan tii 10 den

15 phiit de kich thich lpn cai ddng due sdm han

- De phat hien dong due dupe chfnh xac can quan sat bing mit thudng ngay hai lin, ket hcrp vdi diing lpn due thi tinh

- Diing sd ghi chep de theo ddi xac dinh dupe thdi gian dong due deu hay khong deu

va quyet dinh phdi gidng hay loai thai

- Phai cd phie'u theo ddi ve ngay, thang, nam sinh ciia lpn cai, ghi chep ngay ddng due, lan dong due thii bao nhieu

- Tir 6 thang trd di, hang ngay trong Me cho lpn an va rira chudng can phai theo ddi de phat hien lpn bieu hien dong due lan dau va phai ghi chep diy dii

- Neu cd due gidng thi ngoai 6 thang tudi mdi ngay cho due gidng di vao khu nuoi lpn cai hau bj 2 lan, mdi lan 10-15 phut nhim kieh thieh lpn cai hau bi dong due sdm han

5 Xac djnh tudi va thdi gian phdi gidng thich hpfp:

Ddi vdi lpn cai hau hi cd 3 yeu td quan trpng gpi la dieu kien can va dii nhu sau:

- Tudi phdi gidng lan dau la 7,5-8,0 thang tudi

- Trpng lupng phdi gidng lan dau trong khoang 110-130Kg

- Chi nen phdi gidng d lin dong due thir 2 hoac thu 3

Cach phat hien lpn cai dong due va xac dinh thdi diem phdi gidng thieh hpp

+ Thdi gian dong due ciia lpn cai hau bi ngoai, bit dau dong due lan dau vao thdi

diem 6-7,5 thang tudi, thdi gian dong due ttr 3-5 ngay

Phdt hien lan cdi done due

Phuang phdp: Quan sat bing mit thudng, neu cd due gidng thi ket hpp quan sat vdi

dire la cho ket qua tdt nhat

Thdi gian theo doi: Ngay 2 lan: budi sang vao liic 5-6 gid, budi chieu vao liic 5-7 gid

dd la nhirng khoang thdi gian con vat bieu hien dong due rd nhat

Chu kl ddng due dupe chia lam 4 giai doan: giai doan trudc dong due: keo dai 1-2 ngay Giai doan dong due: keo dai 2-3 ngay Giai doan sau dong due: keo dai 1-2 ngay Giai doan yen tinh: keo dai 14-17 ngay

* Cdc hieu hien dgng due a lan cdi:

- Am hp sung mpng

- Lpn diing nim khdng yen, nhay len con khac hoac khi ed ngudi vao chudng thi lpn cai di theo

- Niem mac am hd xung huyet Dich chay tir am dao cd mau trong sudt va loang

- Cd bieu hien kem an hoac pha chudng

- (J ngay thii 3-4 ciia chu ki dong due, lpn cai hau bi d vao thdi diem chiu due (me ly)

Ddy Id thdi diem phdi gidng tdt nhdt:

8

+ Lpn cai trd nen tm dim diu dang han, cho phep cac con due, cai hoac ngudi chan

nuoi cudi len lung nd, tai venh, lung cong, cd ve chd dpi khi tiep xiie vdi lpn due

+ Am hp giam xung huyet va chuyen sang mau tim tai, ed mdt it dich nhay chay ra,

keo dinh, cd mau nhu nhua chudi

* Thdi gian rung triing vd thdi gian phdi gidng (giai dogn dgng due)

0 12 30 36 40 48

Rung Trdng

Ghi ehii: Thdi diem 0 la thdi diem dupe xac dinh la "me li"

Thdi diem phdi gid'ng thich hop:

- Neu phdi dan - phdi vao khoang thdi gian tir 24-30 gid ke tii thdi diem lpn cai chiu dire

- Neu phdi gidng kep: lan 1 ngay sau khi lpn cai chiu due Lan phdi thii 2 se tien hanh sau 12 gid ke tii liic phdi lan dau

* Bien phdp tdng sd con sa sinh a lira de' ddu: 10-14 ngay trudc ngay du kien phdi

gidng nen cho lpn cai hau bi an tang, miic an tir 2,7-3.0kg/con/ngay tuang duang 420g dam tho va tir 7830-8700 kcal nang lupng trao ddi

380-* Cdc yeii td Idm chdm tuoi dgng due, tuoi phdi gidng ldn ddu a lan cdi gidng ngogi

1 Thudng xuyen dich chuyen va xao trdn cac nhdm lpn cai

2 Sutie'p xiic thudng xuyen ciia lpn due vdi lpn cai trong sudt thdi gian nuoi bau hi cd anh hudng khdng tdt tdi tudi thanh thue tinh due

3 Nhiet dp qua ndng hoac qua lanh ed the lam cham tudi dong due lan diu

4 Ham lupng khi thai NH3 cao cd anh hudng la lam cham tudi ddng due lan dau

5 Anh hudng ciia due thi tinh - nen cho lpn cai tiep xiic vdi cac lpn due khac nhau

6 Phat hien dong due: Neu due tiep xiie lien tue vdi lpn cai thi cd the khd phat hien ddng due Nen nudi lpn due va lpn cai hau bi tach lieng va kich thich dong due khi lpn cai da ngoai 5,5 thang va > 90kg

IV - Cac bleu ghi chep hang ngay:

1-The lofn cai hau bi

Sd hieu Sd tai:

Gidng:

Ngay sinh:

Huyet thdng Bd: Me:

Ngay vao:

Logo Trai

2-Ket qua kiem tra

Tieu tdn thiifc an/lkgP

Chi sd chon loc

Dong due lan thii 2

Dong due lan thii 3

Due phdi:

Ngay Due phdi Ghi chii

4- Bang theo doi thirc an

QUY TRINH KY THUAT CHAM SOC NUOI DUONG

LON NAI CHl^A

1/ Pham vi ap dung: Tai Trai lpn gidng ong ba, bd me ciia Cdng ty va cac ca sd

chan nuoi va kinh doanh lpn nai sinh san, cac gid'ng lpn Landrace Yorkshire Duroc

va con lai cua chiing d Ha Tay

II • No! dung quy trinh

1 Khai niem ve cac ky chua:

- Chita ky I: Tir phdi gidng den ngay chira thii 84

- Chua ky 11: Tir ngay chiia thii 85 den khi de (114 ngay)

Bdng 1: Ddc diem phdt trien ciia bdo thai vd thicc dn cung cdp cho lan tidi chua

Nai chua kl I Cac bao thai chua phat trien manh

Thiic an cap cho lpn nai can thoa man nhu

cau:

+ Duy tri co the lpn nai

-1- Cho phat trien cac bao thai vai tdc do

cham

Luong thiic an cho lpn nai ki I lay chuan

100%

Nai chua ki 11 Cac bao thai phat trien nhanh Thiic an ca'p cho lan nai can thoa man nhu cau:

+ Duy tri CO the lpn nai (nhu ki 1

-f- Cho phat trien cac bao thai voi tdc dp nhanh

Lupng thiic an cho nai chua ki II la 130% tuy thuoc vao th6 trang lpn nai (gay - binh thudng - beo)

125-2 Yeu cau ve thuc an diing de nudi lpn nai chiia

- Chat lupng thiic an: Thiic an cd chat lupng tdt (dam bao can ddi eae thanh phin dinh dudng trong khau phan nhu nang lupng, protein, cac axitamin, khoang va vitamin, thiic an khong bi 6i mdc)

- Sd lupng thiic an: Lupng thiic an cho tirng lpn nai/ Ingay dem phai phii hpp cho tirng giai doan sinh ly ciia tirng kl mang thai, phii hpp vdi the trang eua lpn nai, phu hpfp vdi mDa vu chan nudi va tinh trang siic khoe ciia lpn nai

Vi du: Lpn chiia ki II an nhieu han lpn chira ki tii 0,6-0,7kg thiic an/I ngay

- Lpn nai gay cho an nhieu han lpn nai binh thudng

-Miia ddng khi nhiet dp xudng dudi 15"C thi lupng thire an/ngay/con cao ban tir 0,3-0,5kg so vdi nhiet dp 25-30"C

- Sii dung thiic an hdn hpp hoan chinh, tuang irng vdi ham lupng dinh dudng la: protein = 14% va nang lupng trao ddi = 2900Kcal/kg thiic an hdn hpp Thiic an khong

bi 6i, mdc

Bdng 2: Mite dn cho lan ndi giai dogn mang thai (kgl nail ngdy)

11

Giai doan

Sau cai sua den phdi gidng trd lai

Tir phdi gidng den 84 ngay

Tirngay 85 - ngay 110

Tirngay 111-113

Ngay de

The trang Nai gay

3,5 2.5 3.0 2.0

Nai binh thudng 3,0 2.0 2.5 2.0

Nai beo 3,0 1.8 2.5 2.0 Cho an it hoac khong cho an + nuac udng tu do

* Nhdng dnh hudng ctia che dp dn khong hap ly trong chdn nuoi lan ndi chua:

a/Trudng hap cho lan an qua nhieu so vdi yeu cau:

- Ve kinh te: tdn them thiic an gay lang phi tien bac

- Ve mat kT thuat:

+ Lpn nai se trd len qua beo, di lai khd khan va, dd de con trong liic nuoi eon Ben canh dd, an nhieu (dac biet 2-3 tuan sau phdi gidng) la nguyen nhan din den ti le chet phdi cao va de it con, de khd va de keo dai, nguy ca viem tii cung

+ Nai an nhieu giai doan chiia se giam bdt tinh them an d giai doan nuoi con din den giam nang suat sira, giam kha nang sinh trudng, phat trien cua dan lpn con b/ Trudng hap cho lan an thieu so vdi nhu cau:

Lpn nai gay: kem ve the chat, giam siic de khang ddi vdi benh tat, lau ddng due trd lai sau khi tach eon, tang them chi phf ve thiic an; Nai gay khong du du trii cho ki tiet siia, nen nang suat siia thap, ti le hao mdn lpn nai cao, giam tudi khai thac ciia lpn nai (phai loai thai sdm vi nai qua suy kiet)

3 Yeu cau ve chudng trai cho lpn nai chua

• Lpn nai chua dupe nuoi trong cac 6 ngan each nhau bing cac vach ngan vdi kich thude: rpng: 0,65 - 0,70m; cao 1,0 - 1,3m ; dai 2,2 - 2,4m O mdi vach ngan cd cac chan song nim ngang, khoang each giira cac chin song ngang nay la 15 cm

- Nen chudng: Nen chudng cho lpn nai chua la be tong lien khdi, cd dp ddc 3 - 5" hoac san bing cac tam dan be tdng cd cac khe hd thoat nude rpng 0,8 - 1,2 cm

- Mang an: lam bing kim loai Kich thude rdng 35 cm; dai 50 cm; mang lam bing ton hay bing thep Inox day 1mm, cd can de xoay ra ngoai sau khi cho lpn an xong

- Niim nude udng: cao 85cm tir mat san chudng lip d phia tren, ben canh ciia mang

an

+ Yeu cdu ve dieu kien tieu khi hdu: Nhiet dp chudng: 24 - 30 dd C Dp am: 65 - 70%

Tdc dp gid: 1,5 - 1,6 m/phiit

IV - Cac bang bleu ghi chep hang ngay

1-The Ian chua

12

Sd hieu Sd tai;

Gidng:

Ngay sinh:

Huyei thdng Bd: Me:

3- Didn bien sinh Iy sinh san

Dong due lai

Phdi gidng lai

Due phdi

Ngay de

Sd con de ra

Sd con sa sinh sdng/d

Khdi lupng sa sinh/d (kg)

13

QUY TRINH KY THUAT CHAM SOC NUOI DUONG

LpN NAI NUOI CON VA LON CON THEO ME

1/ Pham vi ap dung: Tai Trai lpn gidng ong ba, bd me eiia Cong ty va cac ca sd

chan nuoi va kinh doanh lpn nai sinh san, cac gidng lpn Landrace, Yorkshire, Duroc

va con lai cua chiing d Ha Tay

II - Noi dung quy trinh

L Chuan bi ddn nai vao chuong de:

- Chudng phai dupe ep, rua sach va phun thude sat triing va de trdng it nhat la 3 ngay trudc khi cho nai chiia vao de

- Lpn nai dupe dua vao cui de, 6 chudng de trudc tu 5-7 ngay so vdi ngay du kien de

- Lpn nai trudc khi vao chudng de phai dupe tim ghe va tay giun san Thdi gian tay giun san la 10 ngay trudc ngay dir kien de va thdi gian tim ghe phai tii 7-14 ngay trudc ngay du kien de Muc dich la bao ve lpn con khong bi nhiSm ghe va giun san tii lpn

me

- Ngay lpn sip de - Lpn dupe tim cp het phan dinh tren minh, diing khan tham nude

xa phong lau, rira sach cac bau vii, lau xung quanh am hd

2 Chuan bi cho Ion con sa sinh:

- Chuan bi 6 lim cho lpn con sa sinh:

Neu nuoi lpn nai de d chudng nen thi d lim lpn eon cin dupe chuan bi ram hoac ra hay

cd kho sach, khdng diing ram, cd udt hoac mdc

Chuan bi bdng den de sudi am cho lpn con (den hdng ngoai vdi cong suit 250W) Chuan bi cac dung cu dd de: vai xd mem kho va sach de lau cho lpn con, cd kim bam nanh, edn iode 5%

3 Nudi dudng Ion nai nudi con

Thiie an nuoi lpn nai: Khau phan dam bao cd ham lupng protein thd 15-16% va nang lupng trao ddi khong dudi 3000kcal/lkg thiic an hdn hpp Thirc an khong dupe 6i, moc

* Che dp an/nai/ngay:

- Ngay de: cho an 0,5kg hoac khdng an va nude udng tu do

- Ngay thii 1 sau de: cho an I kg

- Ngay thii 2 sau de: cho an 2kg

- Ngay thii 3 sau de: cho an 3kg

- Ngay thii 4 den ngay thu 6 sau de: cho an 4kg

14

- Tii ngay thii 7 den trudc ngay cai sira lpn con cd the ap dung cong thiic sau d^ tinh lupng thu'c an cho Ipn nai:

Thiic an /nai/ngay = 2,0kg -i- (0,3 x sd con theo me)

Luu y: Ddi vdi nai nuoi 10 lpn con trd len, dan lpn con phat trien tdt thi mu:e an cho

lpn nai khong can khdng che De lpn nai an dupe nhieu thi nen tang sd lin an ddi vdi lpn nai

Ddi vdi nhung lpn nai tdt siia (lpn con deu, dep) nhung lpn me gay, cho lpn me

an tir do thoa man nhu cau

- Ngay tach con lpn me nhin khdng cho an va han chd nude udng de phdng sdt siia sau cai siia

- Sau ngay cai sira tang lupng thiic an cho nai: tii 3 den 3,5kg/eon/ngay nhu da hudng dan d phan tren

4 Cac npi dung ki thuat trong cham soc Ipn con theo me

4.1 True de: Phai ghi chep ngay phdi gidng, de ed ke hoach true de lpn con True de la

cdng viec rat cin thiet

- Binh thudng khoang thdi gian giiia lpn con de trudc va lpn con de lien ke la 15-20 phiit, cung cd mpt sd trudng hpp nai de khd thi khoang each keo dai han

- Trong trudng hpp lpn nai ran de, mdi lin nai ran de nai kem theo eo 1 chan

ma khong de dupe, dd chfnh la hien tupng thai nim khong thuan ngoi Trudng hop nay phai diing tay dua vao xoay lpn con thuan ngoi va nhe nhang loi ra

- Lpn con de ra dupe lau kho bing vai man x6 mdm sach theo trinh tu tu mieng, mui, diu, minh, bdn chan Cho vao 6 lim va sudi ngay khi nhiet dp moi trudng <35"C

- Lpn nai de xong con cudi cung tien hanh bam nanh, cit dudi va cit rdn (trong trudng hpp rdn qua dai, phin trir lai la 4-5cm)

- Cd dinh dau vii cho lpn con: Cho nhung lpn con be bii nhirng vu trudc va lpn eon to han cho bii nhiing vii sau vi nhirng vii trudc nhieu siia han nhiing vii sau Thdi gian cd dinh diu vii nen lien tuc tir 3-4 ngay diu ngay sau khi sinh thi mdi cd hieu qua

3.4.2 Chdm soc lan con

- Nhiet dp thieh hpp cho lpn con theo me d cac ngay tudi nhu sau:

Ngay lot long me: 35"C

Ngay thii 2 - 3 : 33"C

Ngay thii 4 - 5 : 32"C

Ngay thii-6-7: 28-30"C TCr ngay thii 8 den cai sCra: 25 - 28"C

- Nhdn biet nhiet dp dii hay la thieii ddi vdi lpn con nhu sau:

+ Lpn con nim chdng chat len nhau va run riy tiic la lpn con bi lanh

+ Khi lan con nim tan xa bdng dien va mdi con mdt nai la lpn qua ndng (cin xem lai do cao ciia bdng den sudi de dieu chinh cho thich hop)

15

- Tap dn sdm cho lan con

+ Thiic an tap an cho 1pm con phai dam bao dii ve protein va nang luong (ham lupng protein tho 20%, nang lupng trao ddi 3200kcal)

-I- Bit dau tir 5-7 ngay tudi, thiie an de rieng trong mang tap an lpn con: tii tap

an den khoang 7 kg the trpng dimg thiie an tien khdi dong (prestarter); tir 7-15 kg diing thiic an khdi ddng (starter) Khi chuyen tii mdt loai thiic an nay sang mpt loai thiic an khac phai chuyen dan trong 3-4 ngay

- Tiem sit cho lpn con: Tiem 200mg Fedextran/ I lpn eon mdt lin tiem vao ngay thii 3 sau khi de hoac lOOmg tiem vao ngay thii 3 sau khi de va lOOmg tiem lan 2 vao ngay thii 10 sau khi de

- Thien lpn: Lpn due khong de lai lam gidng phai thien vao liic 10 - 14 ngay tudi

3.4.3 Tiem phdng cho lan con

-I- 0 ngay tuoi 21 tiem vaecin phd thuang han lin 1

-I- O ngay tuoi 28 tiem vaecin phd thuang han lin 2, vao ngay nay tiem phdng luon vaecin tu dau lpn

-H 0 35 ngay tudi - tiem dich ta lpn

-I- Sau 35 ngay tudi - tiem vaecin Id mom long mdng

5 Yeu cau ve chudng trai cho Ipn nai nudi con va Ion con theo me:

Cui lpn nai nuoi con cd kich thude nhu sau: dai: 2,2 - 2,4 m Rpng: 1,7-2,1 m Cui gdm 3 6: d lpn me d giiia va 2 6 lpn con d 2 ben

-I- O lpn me cd kich thude: cao: 1,0 - 1,3 m Rpng: 0,7 m Dai 2,2 m (neu mang

an la mang treo) va 2,4 m (neu mang an la mang be tong)

Phia sau ciia d lpn me phai thiet ke 1 thanh chin ngang gin lien vai canh cua

va each canh ciia ra vao cua lpn me la 20 em de lpn me khi de dupe dl dang va khong

de vao con khi nim xudng Niim udng phai lip d vi tri ben canh mang de tranh nude rdt vao mang mdi khi lpn me udng

-I- O lpn con: cd 2 d nim d 2 phia cua d lpn me

O nhd cd kich thude nhu sau: cao: 0.5 m rdng: 0,4 m, 6 nay thudng mie mpt vdi nude udng cho lpn con, niim udng cd dp cao la 15 - 20 cm tinh tir mat san, ap luc ddng chay d vdi nude cho lpn con tu 0,5 - 0,6 lit/ phiit

6 ldn cung cd chieu cao la 0,5 m nhung rdng 0,7 - 0,8 m, trong 6 nay de 1 mang tap an hinh trdn va mpt 6 nhd de sudi am cho lpn con vdi kich thude 0,6 x 0,8 x 0,5 m, phia tren cua d sudi am nay treo 1 bdng den hdng ngoai 250 kvv, dudi day cd 1 tam gd de lpn con nim

',.,, + Yeu cdu ve vdt lieu:

- San lpn me: bing tam dan be tdng cd khe thoat nude, chidu rdng khe: 1,0 - 1,5

cm San lpn con: lam bing nhua chuyen dung

16

- Khung cui lpn me: lam bing sit dng trdn (j)26 - 30 cao 1,3m Vach ngan 6 lpn con: cd khung bing sit trdn d 16; cac chan song bing sit trdn dS, cao 50cm, khoang each giiia cac chin song la 5 cm

-I- Yeu cdu ve dieu kien tieu khi hdu: Nhiet dp cho lpn me: 18 - 20 dp C Nhiet

dd cho lpn eon: 28 - 35 dp C tuy thude vao ngay tudi cua lpn con Dp im: 60 - 65% Tdc do gid: 1,4 - 1,5 m/ph

VI - c a c bleu ghi c h e p hang ngay

1-The Ian nai de

So hieu Sd tai:

Gidng:

Ngay sinh:

Huyet thdng Bd: Me:

Liia de 2

3- Bang theo doi thiic an

QUY TRINH KY THUAT CHAM SOC NUOI DUONG

LON CON SAU CAI SUfA

1/ Pham vl ap dung: Tai Trai lpn gidng ong ba, bd me ciia Cdng ty va cac ca sd

chan nuoi va kinh doanh lpn nai sinh san, cac gid'ng lpn Landrace, Yorkshire, Duroc

va con lai ciia chiing d Ha Tay

II - Noi dung quy trinh

1 KT thuat cai sua Ipn con: Tuy thude dieu kien cua ca sd chan nuoi (chudng trai,

thiic an, cham sde) cd the cai siia lpn con d cac dp tudi khac nhau Hien nay chat lupng con gid'ng, thiic an va dieu kien chudng trai, ve sinh thii y tdt da giiip cho ngdi chan nuoi cd dieu kien cai sira lpn con sdm de tang vdng quay liia de d lpn nai Cd the cai siia 21 hoac 28 ngay tudi va lpn nai se cho tir 2.0 - 2,2 liia de/nam

Nhitns diem cdn luu y khi cai sita lan con:

- Khdng cai siia khi trong dan dang cd lpn con hi dm

- Tang dan thiic an dan dan (3-4 ngay) ke' tir ngay cai sua

- Khong thay ddi dot ngpt thiic an vao ngay cai sua

- Cach cho an ddi vdi lpn con cai siia:

+ Ngay cai siia: cho an 1/2 lupng thiic an so vdi trudc ngay cai sira, sau dd cho an

tang din den ngay thii 4 thi mdi cho lpn con an d miic binh thudng

-I- Quan sat dan lpn con neu khdng cd bieu hien gi ve tieu chay thi tiep tue lai miic

an binh thdng nhu ngay trudc cai sira va tang din den miic dap iing nhu ciu cau dan lpn con

2 Ky thuat cham soc Ipn con sau cai sira

Sau cai siia, lpn con chuyen tir an sira me sang an thiic an giau dinh dudng, dam bao ti le protein thd trong khau phin 18% (lysine: 1,0%) va miic nang lupng trao ddi

3100 Kcal Khdng diing thiic an da di thiU, mdc cho lpn an va khi chuyen sang an thiie

an mdi phai chuyen tir tii theo each chuyen ddi:

- Han che tdi da su khac biet ve nhiet dp giiia 6 chudng nuoi lpn sau cai sira so vdi nhiet dp d chudng nudi khi lpn con dang theo me, dac biet vao nhirng ngay sau khi mai cai siia Miia ddng lanh phai che chin va sudi am khi can thiet, tranh gid liia

- Ludn giii cho nen chudng khd rao Chi tim cho lpn con vao nhirng ngay ning ndng, va tim vao budi sang (sau 10 gid)

18

- Lon con sau cai siia den 60-90 ngay tudi, cho an tu do bing mang tir ddng hoac 4 biia (sang 2 bira, chieu 2 bira) ddi vdi mang dai

- Cung cap du nude va nude sach Nhu ciu lpn con can 1-5 lit nude/ngay phu thupc vao thdi tiet, nude udng cho lpn con dupe cung cap bing vdi nude udng tu ddng

- Sau mdi lin xuat lpn hoac chuyen chudng, chudng lpn can dupe cp rua, tay

trung va di trdng tir 3-5 ngay sau dd mdi dua lpn khac vao nuoi

3 Yeu cau ve chuong trai cho Ipn con sau cai sua

-I- Kich thude chudng lpn con sau cai sira nhu sau: rpng: 4,0 m, dai: 5,0 m, thanh chudng cd dp cao 80 - 85 cm cho lpn con khdng nhay ra ngoai Khoang each giiia cac chan song ciia thanh chudng la 10 cm Chudng cd san lam bing cac tam nhua chuyen dung, hoac lam bing be tong cdt thep vdi khe hd 0,8- 1,0 cm, san cao each mat dat 20 - 30 em

+ Mang an cho lpn cd the la mang an tu ddng, hoac lam mang dai bing Inox

vdi chieu rpng trong ldng mang la 0,40 m Mang an dupe thiet ke sao cho phin d trong chudng rpng khoang 30 cm, edn phin ngoai chudng la 10 cm de thuan tien cho viec dd thiic an vao mang khi cho lpn an

+ Nude udng cho Ipn con dupe cung cap qua vdi tu ddng cao 25 cm tir mat san -I- Lpn con dupe nuoi nhdt trong 6 chudng lpn sau cai sira tir 28 ngay (P = 7 - 8 kg) cho den 63 ngay tudi vdi P = 21 - 23 kg thi dupe chuyen v6 chudng nuoi hau bi (vdi nhiing lpn dupe chpn lam cai hau bi) va lpn thit

-I- Mat dp nudi nhdt: tii 25 - 30 lpn con/6 chudng

-I- Nhiet dp chudng: 25 - 28oC Dd am: 65 - 70% Tdc do gid: 1,3-1,4 m/ph

19

QUY TRINH KY THUAT CHAN NUOI LON THjT

1/ Pham vi ap dung: Tai Trai lpn gidng dng ba, bd me ciia Cdng ty va cac co sd

chan nuoi va kinh doanh lpn nai sinh san, cac gidng Ipn Landrace, Yorkshire, Duroc

va con lai ciia chiing d Ha Tay

II- Noi dung quy trinh:

1/ Cach chpn Ipn nudi thit

+ Lpn gidng nuoi thit phai dupe mua tii nhiing ca sd gidng ed uy tin, dam bao dieu kien thii y va ve sinh an toan sinh hpc theo quy dinh

-I- Lpn gidng de nuoi thit phai la nhung con dupe sinh ra tir dan bd me cao sin,

bd me chiing phai cd nang suat sinh trudng cao va nang suit, pham chat thit tdt Ban than lan gidng nuoi thit phai la nhirng eon lai nhieu mau ngoai, cd uu the lai cao ve cac tinh trang sinh trudng va ty le thit nac cao

-I- Chpn nhiing con minh dai, can ddi, lung thing, bung thon gpn, mong vai nd, gdc dudi to, chan thanh, thing va chic chin, cd 12 vii trd len Lpn con sau cai sua 60 ngay tudi phai dat tii 20 - 22kg

-I- Chpn nhiing con cd the chat khoe manh, da de hdng hao, long thua dng mupt (nhiing con da sin siii, long day la lpn cd benh, nuoi se cham Idn), mit tinh nhan, di lai hoat bat, nhanh nhen, pham an

+ Khdng chpn nhung con cdi cpc cd khuyet tat nhu kheo chan, ung rdn cd tat

d mieng, mui

+ Chpn dan lpn da dupe tiem phdng diy dii cac loai benh dich ta, tu da'u, phd

thuang han va Id mdm long mdng

2/ Yeu cau ve chudng trai chan nudi Ipn thit

- Chudng nuoi lpn thit phai dat d nai cao rao thon thoang, yen tinh, cd vudn ao, khong cd nude li dpng hoac nude thai chay qua, mat ve miia he, am ap vao miia dong,

cd dien tich va cudng dp anh sang phii hpp vdi tirng giai doan sinh trudng, phat trien cua lpn thit Thuan Ipi dudng giao thong cho mua nguyen lieu va ban san pham Thuan Ipi cung cap dien nude va mach nude ngim

- Tudng bao quanh chudng: xay cao 0,8 m, phin cdn lai dupe bao bing ludi B40 hoac cac loai ludi khac, phia ngoai cd bat che Nen sir dung bat ni Idng day, mau trong sudt de tao dp sang tu nhien cho chudng lpn khi keo bat Bat che nen thiet ke keo tir dudi len, khong nen tha tir tren xudng

- 6 chudng cd thanh lam bing gach hoac bing tam dan thep d 14; chidu cao thanh 6 chudng cao 80 cm Mdi 6 chudng cd chieu rdng 3,0m; chieu dai 5,6-6,0m

20

Phia sau mdi 6 chudng, ed thiet ke mpt mang nude rpng 70-80 cm de lpn tu tim va tu lam mat trong nhiing ngay mua he

- Nen chudng: cao each mat dat 30-35 cm de tranh ngap iing dp ddc nen 3-5"

ve hudng thoat nude thai Nen chudng lang bing xi mang cat vang day 10 cm de tao

dp virng chic cua nen va dp nhap, tranh tran trupt cho lpn nhung phai dam bao phing, khong dpng nude

- Mang an: thudng dupe lam bing be tong chay dai theo chieu rdng eiia 6 chudng; mang ed chieu rpng la 40cm, chieu dai mang cd dp dai 30cm/ 1 diu lpn Nen sir dung mang an tu dpng de tiet kiem thiic an va cong cham sde

- Nude udng: dupe cung cap qua vdi nude udng tu ddng Niim nude udng dupe dat d phia sau chudng (vi tri mang nude) Mdi chudng nen lip 2 vdi: 1 vdi cd dp cao 30cm; I vdi cao 60cm de Ipn cd the sir dung khi cdn nhd va khi da ldn

3/ Yeu cau ve thuc an va dinh dudng cho Ipn thit:

3.7 Thuc dn:

Nhu cau NLTD (Kcal/kg TA)

3000 16,0 7,0 0,8 0,8 0.5

Giai doan 2 (51-100kg)

2900 14,0 7,0 0,7 0,5 0,5

- Tat ca cac nguyen lieu khi phdi hpp khau phan TAHH deu dupe nghien thanh bdt cd kich thude hat (j) 0,4-0,6mm

- Can kiem tra chat lupng nguyen lieu thiie an, loai bd kip thdi thiic an im mdc

dt nhidm ddc to aflatoxin, lpn an vao di sinh benh dm va chet

- Cd the mua thiic an dam dac cua cac Cdng ty thiic an, pha trdn vdi bpt ngd, bpt sin, cam gao v.v theo chi din tren bao bi

- Thiie an hdn hpp nen phdi trdn mdi lin du trir cho an 5-7 ngay, mdi ngay lpn

an vdi lupng tang din tuy theo liia tudi va khdi lupng

3.2 Nude udng: can cung ca'p day dii nhu cau nude udng cho lpn thit Luang nude udng

trong ngay cho lpn thit phu thupc vao nhiet dp moi trudng va trpng lupng ca the lpn

+ Nuac udng cho lpn can dam bao cac yeu cau ve ve sinh thii y va an toan ve sinh thuc pham

21

4 Ky thuat cham soc, nudi dudng Ipn thjt

- Khi lpn cdn nhd (dudi 50kg) cho lpn an 3 bCra/ngay Lpn tir 31kg trd len cd the cho an 2 biia/ ngay

- De dan gian cd the ap dung cong thiic tinh sau day de dinh lupng thiic an hdn hop hoan chinh cho lpn thit/ngay

+ Lpn den 30kg = P x 5,2%

+ Lpn tir 31-70kg = P x 4,2%

-I- Lpn tir 71 kg - xuat chudng = P x 3,2%

Vi du: Lpn cd khdi lupng P = 45 kg, lupng thirc an cin cho Ipn I ngay dem (an

7-Mat dp nudi nhdt hpp Iy Ipn khdng hay cin dudi nhau, dd phat hien Ipn dm

* Chu y: lpn trong cung 1 6 phai dam bao ddng ddu ve khdi lupng va tudi de ap dung phuang thiic: cung vdo - cung ra

- Nhiet dd thich hop ddi vdi Ipn thit: tu I5-30kg la 21-25"C tir 30kg den xuat

chudng: 18 - 20"C; dp am 60 -70%; tdc dp gid tu 1,5 - 1,6 m/phut

4.3 Thii y vd ve sinh chdn nuoi

+ Lpn can dupe tay giun san trudc khi dua vao nudi thit (d khdi lupng 20-22kg)

Su dung thude d dang tiem bip Hanmextion vdi lieu lupng 1.2ml/10kg the trpng

-I- Lpn mdi mua ve phai dupe nuoi tai khu each ly tan dao it nhat 2 tuin trudc khi dua vao khu chudng nuoi chfnh thiic

+ Phai cp riia va tay triing chudng trai bing dung dich nude voi pha loang hoac cac hoa chat tay triing va de trdng trong thdi gian tir 3-5 ngay roi sau dd mdi tiep tuc nhan 16 lan khac vao nudi

22

QUY TRJNH CHAM SOC, NUOI DUONG VA KHAI THAC LON OUC GIONG NGOAI

1/ Pham vi ap dung: Tai Trai lpn gidng ong ba, bd me cua Cong ty va cac ca sd chan

nuoi va kinh doanh lpn dire gidng Landrace, Yorkshire, Duroc va con lai ciia chung d Ha Tay

11/ Noi dung Quy trinh

I Yeu can ve thuc an, dinh dudng cho Ion due:

Thiic an cung cap cho Ipn due lam viee phai dam bao dii nhu ciu cho: duy tri, sinh trudng va san xuat

Nhu cau thiic an hang ngay cho Ipn due:

Tudi ciia Ipn due

Dudi 12 thang tudi

Tren 12 thang tudi

Sd lupng thiirc an (kg/ngay) 2,0-2,2 2,2-2,5

Gia trj dinh duang trong thiifc an

Thiic an cung cap cho lpn due cin dam bao chat lupng tdt, khong bi 6i mdc Ngoai cac thanh phin dinh dudng theo yeu ciu tieuchuan, thu'c an cho lpn due gidng can phai dam bao can ddi ve nang lupng va protein, nang lupng va lysine, dii khan da vi lupng

va giau vitamin A, D, E Dac biet, trong mua he can cung cap them vitamin C cho lpn vdi miic 4 g/ngay de cd the duy tri dupe chat lupng tinh

2 Cham soc, quan Iy Ion due gidng

- Hang ngay tien hanh kiem tra siic khoe ciia lpn due thong qua viec quan sat trang thai, tinh trang siic khde, lupng thiic an thu nhan

- Neu cd didu kien, nen cho Ipn due gid'ng van ddng khoang 30 phiit/ngay, van dpng vao Iiic thdi tiet mat me

- Thudng xuyen tim chai Khong nen cho an no trirdc khi sir dung

- Khdng tim cho lpn due hoac cho lpn due an ngay sau khi mdi di phdi gidng ve hoac vira khai thac tinh xong (it nhat sau 30 phiit mdi an hoac tim)

- Hang ngay ghi chep sd sach theo ddi theo mau

3 Che dp khai thac, sjjf dung

- Chi sii dung lpn due gidng da qua KTNS dat yeu cau Lpn due khi dua vao khai thac phai dam bao theo tieu chuin pham cap gidng Lpn due gidng chi khai thac, sir dung khi duac 8 thang tuoi trd len

23

- Vdi Ipn due gidng tir 8 - 10 thang tudi: Khai thac 2 lin/tuin

- V6i Ipn due gid'ng tren 12 thang tudi: Khai thac 3 lin/tuin

- Khong sir dung lpn due tren 4 nam tuoi

- Khdng sii dung Ipn due trudc 6 tuan ke tii khi hdi phuc sau didu tri benh

4 Yeu cau ve chuong trai, van chuyen va nudi tan dao ddi vdi Ipn due gidng:

al Chudng trgi:

- Thin kinh ciia lpn due gidng luon hung phan do dd chudng nhdt lpn due phai dam

bao luon chic chin

- Dien tich chudng: Tuy theo muc dich ma chudng Ipn due cd the cd cac kich thude

khac nhau Neu chudng chi sir dung de nhdt lpn due dan thuan thi kich thude la 2,5 x

2,5 m Neu su dung chudng lpn due lam nai vira nhdt lpn due vira la noi phdi gid'ng thi kich thude can thiet tdi thieu la 7 m^

- Vach ngan: Tam ngan bing cac chan song sit (j)16, han chic chin ChiSu cao vach ngan cho chudng Ipn due tii 1,3 - 1,5 m vdi chan song bd tri theo chieu dpc, khoang each giira eae chan song la 10 cm Canh cira phai cd chdt va cd khoa chic chin

- Nen chudng: Cd the la nen be tdng dac hoac nen bing tam dan be tdng cd Id, mat nen phai chin chin, tranh tran trupt vi se anh hudng den chan, mdng ciia lpn due Vdi san be tdng dac, dp ddc cin thiet la tii 3 - 5%

- Vdi udng nude tu ddng dupe bd tri each mat san tir 80 - 90 cm

- Dieu kien tieu khi hau chudng nuoi tdi uu: Nhiet dd 1 6 - 2 2 "C; am dp 65 - 75%, tdc dp gid 1,4 - 1,6 met/phiit; thdi gian chieu sang 12gid/ngay

bl Ky thuat van chuyen lan due gidng:

- Lpn due gidng thudng dupe mua nhieu d giai doan hau bi, tii cac ca sd gidng cu

ky hoac ong ba Do dd, can cd phuang tien van chuyen, dua lpn len va xudng mdt each an toan

+ Phuang tien van chuyen: phai dupe ve sinh, khir triing trudc khi sii dung + Phai cd xe chuyen dung cho van chuyen lpn due Xe phai dam bao chic chin, khdng tran trupt, san phai dupe Idt bing trau, cat, phoi bao de giii

an toan cho chan lpn

+ Phuang tien van chuyen phai cd he thdng che chin day du de tranh cac dieu kien bat Ipi ciia thdi tiet

- Khong nhdt chung nhiing Ipn dire khac dan, khdng cho lpn an no trudc khi van chuyen va trong qua trinh van chuyen, cho udng nude day dii, dac biet la trong dieu kien thdi tiet ndng

- Sau khi dua lpn due ve trai phai nudi each ly theo dung quy dinh thii y

cl Ky thuat nuoi tdn ddo:

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- Lon due mdi mua ve phai dupe nuoi tan dao trong thdi gian tdi thieu la 4 tuin Lpn phai nuoi trong dieu kien chudng trai dam bio ve sinh, kho rao, thong thoang tdt

- Lpfn nudi each Iy phai dupe theo ddi tinh trang siic khoe hang ngay Tiem phdng vaccine theo diing quy dinh ciia thii y

- Khu nudi tan dao phai dam bao diing yeu cau quy dinh cua thii y

THE LON DUC GIONG

Hoat luc A(%)

pH

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QUY TRINH THU Y PHONG BENH TRONG CHAN NUOI LON

I Pham vi ap dung: Qui trinh nay ap dung cho cdng tac thii y trong Trai Ipn gidng

ciia Cong ty va cac ca sd chan nuoi Ipn nai sinh san, cac gidng lpn Landrace, Yorkshire, Duroc va con lai cua chiing d Ha Tay

II Noi dung quy trinh

1/ Quy trinh ve sinh phong benh trong trai Itfn

a) He thdng chdn nuoi:

He thdng chan nuoi chan nuoi thich hpp se cd tac dung han che' dupe sir hinh thanh va lay lan cua cac d dich

Hien nay trong chan nuoi lpn trang trai, ngudi ta thudng ap dung he thdng

"Cung vao - Cung ra", trong dd mpt chudng hoac ea mpt day chudng dupe dua vao de nhdt ddng loat cung mdt loai Icm (cd the tuang duang ve khdi lupng, tudi) Sau mpt thdi gian nhat dinh, tat ca sd Ipn nay dupe dua ra khdi chudng Chudng trai se dupe de trdng khoang 5-7 ngay de tiy riia va sat triing Nhu vay, viec san xuat d cac chudng hoac day chudng dd tam thdi bi gian doan mdt sd ngay nhat dinh theo ke hoach He thdng san xuat nay khdng chi ap dung cho tiing chudng hoac khu chudng, ma cd the cho tirng nha, hoac cho tiing vi tri vdi cac ddi tupng Ipn cu the

b) Sdn xudt khep kin:

Mdi ca the lpn deu cd the la vat mang triing (cac loai vi khuan hay virus) gay benh nen con dudng lay benh phd bie'n thudng la nhap dan mdi Do dd benh ed the dupe phdng bing each han ehe hoac ngiing bin viee dua vao dan mdt sd ca thd khac hoac nhap lpn d nhiing dia chi tin cay cd qui trinh phdng benh tdt, lpn khoe manh Viec ap dung day truyen san xuat khep kin tu san xuat dupe con gid'ng trong pham vi trang trai la didu ly tudng dd phdng benh

c) Nhap ddn mdi:

Nhap dan mdi cang nhieu thi ca hdi lay benh nhifim benh cang cao Cach an toan nhat khi phai nhap gid'ng mdi la dung phuang phap thu tinh nhan tao: Nhap tinh tir nhiing dan lpn due cd dp an toan dich Trong dieu kien bit bupc phai nhap con gid'ng cin chpn tir nhiing dan Ipn gid'ng cd dp an toan cao v6 dich td, da dupe kiem tra cac benh truyen nhi6m va dupe tiem phdng day dii Thong thudng nhap lpn cai hau bi tdt han la nhap lpn nai chua

Dieu nay cang dac biet quan trpng khi thanh lap trai mdi Ngudi chan nuoi can quan tam sau sic den ngudn gdc dan gid'ng Mua lpn gidng khdng rd ngudn gdc, hoac tir nai khdng rd tinh trang dich td thudng la nguyen nhan lay nhidm benh cho trang trai mdi

d) Nuoi tdn ddo:

Viec each Iy ddi vdi dan lpn mdi nhap nhim 2 muc dich: 1) Lam cho nhung benh ma dan mdi cd the bi nhidm sin ed du thdi gian li va phat thanh benh; 2) Cd dii

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thdi gian cho dan mdi hinh thanh dupe midm dich ddi vdi cac tac nhan gay benh dang tdn tai trong trai do viec tiep xiic din din cua dan mdi vdi cac tac nhan dd Midn dich hinh thanh theo kieu nay tuy cham nhung cd hieu qua tdt hon la viec dot ngpt tiep xiic vdi mot sd lupng ldn cac tac nhan gay benh

Mdi trai cin cd mpt khu vuc tan dao danh cho lpn mdi nhap Khu tan dao phai nim each dan gin nhat tdi thieu 100 m va lpn mdi nhap cin dupe nuoi trong khu vuc nay tdi thieu 30 ngay Trong thdi gian nay, tit ca cac ca the cin dupe theo ddi chat che

ve tinh trang siic khde, cac dau hieu lam sang

e) Khdch thdm trgi:

Cang han che' dupe ngudi ngoai vao trai cang tdt vi nhu vay se giam tdi thieu kha nang lay nhi6m benh tir ngoai vao trai Nen dat bidn "Khdng phan sir milm vao" d cdng trai nhim canh bao han che khach tham Phan Idn ngudn benh lay Ian kieu nay la qua phan gia siic, dich tie't va nude bpt eiia lpn benh Cac chat bai tiet nay dinh vao iing, quan ao eua khach tham da tiep xuc vdi lpn benh trudc dd

Mdi trai nen cd chuang trinh an toan sinh hpc danh rieng cho khach tham Khi vao tham trai khach cin phai thay quin ao, hoac tim rua, mac quin ao va di ung ciia trai Cac trai can cd hd chiia dung dich thud'c sat triing danh cho ngudi loi qua trudc khi vao trai

f) Ve sinh thiic dn, nude udng:

Cho lpn an thurc an dam bao nhu ciu dinh dudng Khong diing thirc an cho lpn bi 6i, mdc Cin ve sinh mang an cua lpn thudng xuyen, khdng de thiic an cdn thira trong mang Cin cung cap dii nude sach cho lpn Nude udng dam bao ve sinh, khong bi nhidm khuan va kim loai nang Khdng diing nude song ngdi, ao hd cho lpn udng

g) Phuang tien van chtiyeni:

M6i trai nen trang bi xe van chuyen thiic an va gia sue cua trai Cac phuang tien nay can dupe rira sach va sat triing trudc va sau mdi lin van chuyen lpn Tat ca mpi phuang tien van chuyen dung chuyen chd hang ra ngoai trai deu khdng dupe di vao ben trong trai khi chua dupe ve sinh thd y Nen ed khu virc danh rieng cho cac phuang tien nay

h) Ludi vd rao bdo ve:

Chudng trai nen cd hang rao bao ve quanh trai khdng de trau bd vao khu vuc trong trai, cd ludi bao ve xung quanh va tren mai chudng Ipn de chdng su tham nhap ciia chd, meo, chupt va chim vi nhirng loai vat nay cd the la vat trung gian lam lay lan benh tir ngoai vao dan lpn trong trai

/') He thdng cdng sdt trung:

Mdi trai Ipn chi de mdt cdng ra vao cd hd chiia dung dich thud'c sat triing trong

dd cd dudng danh cho ngudi va dudn danh cho cac phuang tien van chuyen qua lai

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Hd sat triing cho cac phuang tien van chuyen cd chieu dai 6,0 m, chieu rdng 4,0

m, chieu cao ciia hd 0,15 m, chieu cao tii day hd den mai che 4,0 m trong hd ludn chiia dung dich sat trug pha theo diing ty le hudng din ciia cac nha san xuat, dp sau cua dung dich it nhat la 6 cm Phuang tien van chue di qua hd sat trung phai rira va phun thude sat triing Hd sat triing cho ngudi di bp cd chieu dai 2,5 m Phan day hd cd

de tam tham cd dd dung dich sat triing

2 Qui trinh vac-xin p h o n g benh c h o ldn

- Ky thuat tiem phdng vac-xin:

Khdng dupe dung cac chat sat triing hay hda chat de vo trung bom va kim tiem dung de chiing vic-xin Mdi vic-xin cd dung moi rieng biet de pha nen neu diing khdng diing dung mdi cung lam giam hoat luc vic-xin, dac biet la vic-xin sd'ng nhupc ddc Khdng dupe trdn lin cac loai vic-xin trong ciing mdt bam tiem Tuy nhien cd the chiing cung Iiic vai loai vic-xin bing cac bom kim tiem rieng biet va chiing d nhirng vi tri khac nhau tren ca the con vat Vic-xin cin dupe ehiing theo diing hudng din ciia nha san xuat nhu chiing bip, dudi da

Lich tiem vac-xin

(Lpn con cai sRa 3 tudn tudi, lich ddng de tham khdo)

35-45 ngay tuoi 55-60 ngay tudi

Lpn nai chira

•

4 & 2 tuan trudc khi de

Lpn nai nuoi con

7-15 ngay

sau de

7-15 ngay sau de 7-15 sau khi de

Lpn due lam viec

2 lan / nam

2 lan / nam

2 lan / nam

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QUY TRINH X(J LY CHAT THAI C H A N NUOI B A N G HE THONG BIOGAS

BAO VE MOI TRUONG SINH THAI

1/ Pham vi ap dung: Cac co sd chan nudi va kinh doanh Ipn gidng ngoai d Ha tay

11/ No! dung quy trinh

L Quy trinh xay dung ham biogas

De xay dung he thdng biogas thanh eong can can cur vao cac dieu kien sau day: -1- Quy mo dan gia siic hien cd va trong tuang lai dd xac dinh dung tich be phan huy can phai xay dung

-I- Dieu kien da't dai, thd nhudng nai dinh xay ham de xac dinh ket cau xay dung ( nen mong, vat lieu, each thiic xay

+ Cong trinh xay dung nay khong qua xa chudng trai va ngudn nude

-I- Dieu kien kinh te hien tai va cac va'n dd xa hoi khac

* Quy trinh xdy dung

- Chgn vi tri xdy dung

Tdt nhat nen chpn vi tri xay ham phan huy gin chudng trai va he thdng ca'p thoat

nude thuan tien Cd the xay dung ngay trong chudng trai de tiet kiem dat

- Thiet ke : Dudng kinh be phan huy D , Ban kinh R- Till

Chieu cao thanh be H = D/ 2,0 - 2,5

Chieu cao turn be phan huy f = D/ 4,0 - 5,0

C h i d u l d m d a y b e L = D/10

Tinh the tich be phan huy: V.-i- V, + V,

Trong dd V,= nx'W {the tich than be)

V2= 7i/6.f, ( 3R2+ f,^)

Vy= K/6.f2 ( 3 R V f2^) Chil y: Tuy theo quy mo ddn gia site cd trong ciiudng vd trong tuang lai md chgn the tich be phdn huy cho phii hap)

- Ddo ddt : Dao hd dat hinh trdn, kich thude va dp sau theo ban thiet ke ed sin Tai

cac vung sinh lay, nen dat ye'u cd the xay thanh be trudc, ha dii dp sau sau dd tien hanh

dd mdng be phan huy

- Xdy mdng be : Ldp belong gach va day 8cm, vira ximang cat vang ty le 1/6

Dan sit 0 6 : 20x20 cm Ldp belong ximang cat vang va sdi ty le 1/2/3

Chii y tao hinh 16m day d giiia khoang I5-20cm

- Xdy thdnh be: Sau khi dd mdng xong xay ngay 2-3 hang gach chi dac hinh trdn xung

quanh mdng, de lai ngay hdm sau xay tiep Thanh be phan huy xay cao theo miu thiet

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ke, ty le vira xay 1/3, chii y rira gach trudc khi xay va trat ky mach Dat dng vao phan nghieng 30" va dng thoat nghieng 40" Trat thanh be bing xi mang eat vang sang nhd

ty It 1/3, cudi ciing danh bdng thanh be bing ximang tinh va chdng tha'm

- Dung cojfa bing cac nguyen lieu tre va cdt dan Chii y tao vdm be hinh chdm ciu,

chidu cao chdm cau diing nhu thiet ke Dan sit O 6 (15x15 cm) xung quang chdm cau

- Ddbe tdng vdm be phdn huy bing xi mang cat vang sdi (hoac da cd 2-3) ty le 1/2/3

Nip be dudng kinh 50em Trat ky tren bd mat tum va danh bdng chdng tham Sau 7-10 ngay tien hanh dd coffa va trat trong vdm, chdng tham va danh bdng xi mang tinh

- Xdy be thuy luc, kich thude be thuy luc theo ban ve thiet ke Be thuy luc cd tinh

quyet dinh nang sua't gas Cach thiic xay gidng nhu xay thanh be phan huy Do nip be thuy luc, tuyet ddi khdng cho nude ben ngoai can thiep vao ap lire eua be thuy luc.The tich be thuy lire = 1/6 - 1/8 the tieh bd phan huy

- Xdy dimg he thdng ddn phdn vd nude thdi, chii y dp ddc it nhat 10% He thdng thoat

nude thai sau be thuy luc cd the xay them hd chu'a de tan dung tudi cho rau hoac tai che lam phan hiru ca vi sinh Dac biet chii y khi xay hd din phan vao nhat thiet phai xay hd ling cat vi cat sdi se khong phan huy dupe trong ham

- Lip dat thiet bi chdng pha vang bing inox, cau tao gdm mdt true inox ^2\ cd chieu

dai bing chieu cao ciia tum be phan huy, dupe gin 2 canh dai 40cm,

- Thiet ke dupe cho tat ca cac loai the tich be phan huy ttr 5-30 m-', ap dung dupe cho ndng hp chan nudi nhd, trang trai chan nudi tap trung, xi nghiep chan nuoi cong nghiep bao gdm cac be xay dung lien hoan 3-5 ham lien tuc

- Kiem tra dp kin nude va khi: Bam nude vao diy be phan buy, dd 2-3 ngay kiem tra

dd ngot nude trong be Ddng kin nip be bing dat set va xi mang, bam khong khi vao

be, kiem tra ap lire trong be bing dng nude hoac ddng hd khi

Cac loai dung tich ham phd bien hien nay Quy mo chan nuoi lpn

Dung tich bd Phan huy (m"*) 5-6 8-10 12-15 18-25

Lupng nuoc rira chu6ng(lit/ngay) 50-60 60-100 100-200 200-500

Neu trong gia dinh cd nudi trau bd va cac gia siic khac cin can cii lupng phan gia siic thai ra tdng sd hang ngay de thiet ke dung tich be phan huy cho phii hpp

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2 Van hanh va su dung

He thdng biogas la mpt he thdng boat dpng lien hoan De cho he thdng hoat dpng tdt cin chii y:

- Luong phan ban diu va nude cho vao ham theo ty le Iphan phan/ 2-3 phin nude

- Luang phan bd sung hang ngay dua vao dan gia siic hien cd trong chudng

- Lupng ga sinh ra hang ngay nen dupe su dung het tao dieu kien thuan Ipi cho ga sinh ra ngay hom sau

- Mpt sd su cdky thuat xdy ra trong qud trinh sit dung

+ Lupng ga giam din can chii y lupng nude bd sung hang ngay

+ Tic dng din ga do sir dung lau ngay lupng nude dpng lai trong dng din can dupe

sira lai dudng dng

+ Ttr 6 thing den I nam can pha vang trong bd phan huy bing thiet bi pha vang -I- Neu thay trong bep hoac mdi trudng ed mtii hdi dac trung eiia gas cin kiem tra lai dudng dng din gas bi hd

-I- Khong cho nude tiy ue chudng trai vao him phan huy se diet het vi sinh vat sinh khi methane

-h Thdi tiet thay ddi dot ngpt lam lupng ga giam 10-20% sau vai ngay tu hdi phuc

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