Yearbook of Private International Law 2000 Volume II

YEARBOOK OF PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW YEARBOOK OF PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW VOLUME II – 2000 EDITORS PETAR ŠARČEVIĆ PAUL VOLKEN Professor at the University of Rijeka Professor at the University of Fribourg PUBLISHED IN ASSOCIATION WITH SWISS INSTITUTE OF COMPARATIVE LAW LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND Sellier European Law Publishers Sellier European Law Publishers ISBN 978-3-935808-48-4 Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar © 2000 Kluwer Law International und Swiss Institute of Comparative Law © für den Nachdruck 2007 Sellier European Law Publishers GmbH und Swiss Institute of Comparative Law Dieses Werk einschließlich aller seiner Teile ist urheberrechtlich geschützt Jede Verwertung außerhalb der engen Grenzen des Urheberrechtsgesetzes ist ohne Zustimmung des Verlages unzulässig und strafbar Das gilt insbesondere für Vervielfältigungen, Übersetzungen, Mikroverfilmungen und die Einspeicherung und Verarbeitung in elektronischen Systemen Herstellung: Karina Hack, München Druck und Bindung: AZ Druck und Datentechnik, Kempten Gedruckt auf säurefreiem, alterungsbeständigem Papier Printed in Germany ADVISORY BOARD JÜRGEN BASEDOW Hamburg GENEVIÈVE BASTID-BURDEAU Paris/The Hague LAWRENCE COLLINS London HUANG JIN Wuhan HANS VAN LOON The Hague FERENC MÁDL Budapest RUI MANUEL GENS DE MOURA RAMOS Luxembourg/Coimbra YASUHIRO OKUDA Sapporo GONZALO E PARRA-ARANGUREN The Hague/Caracas SYMEON C SYMEONIDES Salem (Oregon) PIERRE WIDMER Lausanne ASSISTANT EDITOR AND ADRESSEE FOR MANUSCRIPTS AND CORRESPONDENCE ANDREA BONOMI Swiss Institute of Comparative Law Dorigny, CH – 1015 Lausanne ENGLISH REVISION SUSAN ŠARČEVIĆ Faculty of Law, Rijeka TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword ix Abbreviations xi Doctrine Eric CLIVE The New Hague Convention on the Protection of Adults Manuel Rui MOURA RAMOS Public Policy in the Framework of the Brussels Convention Remarks on Two Recent Decisions by the European Court of Justice 25 William DUNCAN The Hague Conference on Private International Law and its Current Programme of Work Concerning the International Protection of Children and Other Aspects of Family Law 41 National Reports Peter NYGH Choice of Law in Torts in Australia 55 Robert G SPECTOR The New Uniform Law With Regard to Jurisdiction Rules in Child Custody Cases in the United States 75 Tito BALLARINO and Andrea BONOMI The Italian Statute on Private International Law of 1995 99 António MARQUES DOS SANTOS The New Private International Law Rules of Macao 133 Welber BARRAL and Tatiana LACERDA PRAZERES Arbitration in Brazil: The Early Experience 153 News from The Hague Hans VAN LOON The Hague Conference on Private International Law – Work in Progress (1999-2000) 169 Forum Maria del Pilar DIAGO DIAGO The Matrimonial Property Regime in Private International Law 179 Texts, Materials and Recent Developments Hague Convention on the International Protection of Adults (13 January 2000) 205 Hague Convention on Jurisdiction and Foreign Judgments in Civil and Commercial Matters (preliminary draft) 223 Council Regulation (EC) No 1346/2000 of 29 May 2000 on Insolvency Proceedings 241 Council Regulation (EC) No 1347/2000 of 29 May 2000 on Jurisdiction and the Recognition and Enforcement of Judgments in Matrimonial Matters and in Matters of Parental Responsibility for Children of Both Spouses (‘Brussels II’) 265 Council Regulation (EC) No 1348/2000 of 29 May 2000 on the Service in the Member States of Judicial and Extrajudicial Documents in Civil or Commercial Matters 287 Proposal for a Council Regulation (EC) on Jurisdiction and the Recognition and Enforcement of Judgments in Civil and Commercial Matters 301 Código civil of Macao (Articles 13 to 62) with an unofficial English translation by Prof António MARQUES DOS SANTOS 329 Uniform Computer Information Transactions Act (Sections 103, 109 and 110) 357 Book Reviews Luigi MARI, Il diritto processuale civile della Convenzione di Bruxelles, I Il sistema della competenza (Tito BALLARINO) 361 Yuko NISHITANI, Mancini und die Parteiautonomie im Internationalen Privatrecht – Eine Untersuchung auf der Grundlage der neu zutage gekommenen kollisionsrechtlichen Vorlesungen Mancinis (Tito BALLARINO) 365 Frank VISCHER/Lucius HUBER/David OSER, Internationales Vertragsrecht, 2nd revised ed (Paul VOLKEN) 367 Lawrence COLLINS (ed.), Dicey and Morris on The Conflict of Laws, 13th ed (Petar ŠARČEVIĆ) 371 Books Received 373 Index 379 viii FOREWORD With contributions from more than ten different countries, the first volume of our Yearbook is enjoying a resounding response The numerous spontaneous reactions have convinced us that it was not only correct but also necessary to have the new Yearbook serve as a globally accessible platform for a scholarly dialogue on private international law The possibility of having access to such a broadly based medium for the exchange of ideas has been greeted with enthusiasm particularly in Asia and Eastern Europe Why? In Asia because the opening of markets has continued to bring about progress, thus increasing the desire for greater cooperation in legal matters as well, and in Eastern Europe because the number of independent States has increased by leaps and bounds, thus making the conflict of laws an infectious topic The gratifying response to our first volume has encouraged us to attempt to broaden the international dialogue between conflicts experts, raising it to an even higher level, both scholarly and geographically In this sense, volume two focuses on the legal protection of natural persons, minors as well as adults, whereas volume one was devoted to topics on marriage, procedural law and jurisdiction During this initial period it is of particular importance that the national reports receive the broadest possible coverage This applies in particular to contributions from countries or areas that have been insufficiently represented in international legal literature until now After last year’s reports from China, Hungary and Venezuela, the new volume contains national contributions from, inter alia, Australia, Brazil and Macao In this way we hope to provide the international legal community in a few years with a representative overview of what really matters in the daily practice of the attorney in Freetown or before the Court in Kanton In doing this, our aim is to offer a marketplace for scholarly exchange where new solutions to crucial problems can be tested in an open discussion As we all know, the primary condition for a fruitful dialogue between experts is the mutual knowledge and awareness of what is going on in the minds and spirits of fellow colleagues on the other side of the world In this sense, preparations are currently underway for a discussion of topics that are of concern to many of us and are keeping judges busy in Japan, as well as in North America, Australia or Europe In our information age, the mutual exchange of scholarly wisdom is the appropriate key to open the door to new intellectual awareness Conflicts lawyers who are interested in participating in this exchange and would like to contribute to the building of such a forum in private international law are encouraged to submit their articles Petar ŠARČEVIĆ Paul VOLKEN Book Reviews Lawrence COLLINS (general editor, with specialist editors), Dicey & Morris on the Conflict of Laws, 13th ed., London (Sweet & Maxwell) London 2000, volumes I and II, pp ccxxx-1622-LXXI This publication belongs to the selective group of books that sets standards in its particular field The new edition deserves special recognition, as this remarkable book is now over a century old The first edition written by A.V Dicey dates back to 1896 During the long life of this scholarly work, only four persons have been privileged to sign the book in the capacity of author or general editor Lawrence Collins assumed the general editorship beginning with the eleventh edition and has been assisted by specialist editors Adrian Briggs, Jonathan Hill, J.D McClean and C.G.H Morse in the thirteenth edition Having become a trademark for private international law, Dicey & Morris is well known by all lawyers familiar with private international law Like myself, most of them have it on their bookshelf of favorite books, keeping it close at hand to enable frequent consultation Like a well-written statute, Dicey & Morris enumerate a list of clearly defined and concise rules, part of which are indeed statutory rules The excellent organization of the book also merits praise The exhaustive table of statutes (xxii-ixix), table of cases (ixxi-ccxii), and table of statutory instruments (ccxiii-ccxxiv) make it a perfect reference book Moreover, each volume contains an excellent and well-elaborated index (I-LXXI) What distinguishes this scholarly work from similar or less ambitious ones? In my opinion, it is the clarity of the text and meticulous manner in which the problems are analyzed and the arguments presented Whereas Chapter I deals with the nature and scope of the conflict of laws, Chapter II discusses characterization and the incidental question After elaborating the problem of characterization in what can be regarded as a typical Dicey & Morris manner, it is concluded that: ‘Characterisation has been made needlessly difficult by writers (and judges) who have created a conflict problem within a conflict problem by insisting that characterisation itself involves a choice of law, that is to say that any court faced with a characterisation problem must first decide what law should be applied to decide the matter Once this idea is rejected, the way lies open for the courts to seek commonsense solutions based on practical considerations’ (p.45) Starting with Chapter IV, the rules are defined in simple and clear language, followed by elaborate comments that logically lead the reader to the solution of particular issues Where appropriate, the conclusions are written with a de lege Yearbook of Private International Law, Volume (2000), pp 371-372 © Kluwer Law International & Swiss Institute of Comparative Law Printed in the Netherlands Book Reviews ferenda attitude For example, the comments on Rule No on renvoi conclude with the statement: ‘[T]here is no case which prevents the Court of Appeal (still less the House of Lords) from reviewing the whole problem, and it is submitted that such a review is long overdue’ (p 79) However, the fact that the same conclusion can already be found in the ninth edition published in 1973 (I did not check earlier editions), raises the question as to the real influence of legal scholarship if such an authority as Dicey & Morris has not been able to move the Court of Appeal or the House of Lords to clarify the particular issue The comments are not the last word but are followed by Rule illustrations presented in the form of simplified hypothetical cases From a didactical point of view, this is an excellent approach as it enhances reader comprehension by illustrating how each rule operates in practice A brief comparison of the thirteenth and ninth editions reveals a number of major changes that have been introduced over the years Just to mention one example: the order of the Rules and consequently of the subject matter has changed For instance, the proof of foreign law rule was cited as Rule 205 (nearly at the end) in the 1973 edition (p 1124), whereas it is now Rule 18 (p.221), although the content of the rule has not changed This is definitely a better place as today the proof of foreign law is regarded as an important issue belonging to the general part of private international law In particular, the growing importance of the conflicts of jurisdiction for the conflict of laws in general has left its mark on the various editions of the book In the new edition the general editor points out (xv-xvi) that, in comparison with other issues, questions of jurisdiction and foreign judgments ‘now take up twice the amount of space’ than was the case 50 years ago Of course, this is due to the influence of the European Court and the role of its case law in interpreting the Brussels Convention Finally, a glance at the table of contents shows that the editors are constantly striving to improve the organization of the book Moreover, cumulative annual supplements are published in which all sections of the book are updated The thirteenth edition of Dicey and Morris is a must for experts of private international law and an excellent reference work for all those who deal with private international law matters This scholarly work is much more than a commentary on English private international law Its significance goes far beyond the borders of Great Britain and of the common law countries for that matter Having attained global recognition as a standard work, it is an essential tool for understanding the theory and practice of the conflict of laws worldwide Some might view the price (£ 250) as a reason not to purchase the latest edition While this might be true for students, it is surely not for practitioners These two volumes deserve a place in all comparative law libraries and it is difficult to imagine a good law library without them Petar ŠARČEVIĆ 372 Yearbook of Private International Law, Volume (2000) BOOKS RECEIVED BASEDOW Jürgen/MEIER Isaak (et al., eds.), Private Law in the International Arena: From National Conflict Rules towards Harmonization and Unification, Liber Amicorum Kurt Siehr, The Hague (T.M.C Asser Press) 2000, pp XXV-910 BEAUMONT Paul R., The Hague Convention on international child abduction, Oxford (Oxford University Press) 1999, pp XXXV-332 BERGER Klaus Peter, The creeping codification of the lex mercatoria, The HagueBoston (Kluwer Law International) 1999, pp XXVIII-376 BLESSING Marc, Introduction to arbitration: Swiss and international perspectives, Basle (Helbing & Lichtenhahn) 1999, pp 319 BURGSTALLER Alfred (ed.), Internationales Zivilverfahrensrecht, Wien (Orac) 2000, pp XXVI-788 CANO BAZAGA Elena, La litispendencia comunitaria, Madrid (Eurolex) 1997, pp 288 CARBONE Sergio M./IVALDI Paola, Lezioni di diritto internazionale privato, Padova (Cedam) 2000 CARBONNEAU Thomas E (ed.), Lex Mercatoria and arbitration: a discussion of the new law merchant, Deventer (Kluwer Law International) 1998, pp XXV-296 CELLE Pierangelo, I contratti di assicurazione grandi rischi nel diritto internazionale privato, Cedam (Padova) 2000 COIPEL-CORDONNIER Nathalie, Les conventions d’arbitrage et d’élection de for en droit international privé, Paris (L.G.D.J.) 1999 COLLIER John Greenwood/LOWE Vaughan, The settlement of disputes in international law: institutions and Procedures, Oxford [etc.] (Oxford University Press) 1999, pp XXVIII-395 COLLINS Lawrence (general editor, with specialist editors), Dicey and Morris on The Conflict of Laws, 13th ed., London (Sweet & Maxwell) 2000, volumes I and II, pp ccxxx-1622-LXXI Books Received CUNIBERTI Gilles, Les mesures conservatoires portant sur des biens situés l’étranger, Paris (L.G.D.J.) 2000, pp 409 CZERNICH Dietmar/HEISS Helmut (eds.), EVÜ – Das Europäische Schuldvertragsübereinkommen Kommentar, Wien (Orac) 1999, pp XX-355 Rolf, Persönlichkeitsrechtsverletzungen im deutschen, DANCKWERTS schweizerischen und US-amerikanischen internationalen Privatrecht: ein Plädoyer für das Personalstatut, Berlin (A Spitz) 1999, pp 243 DIAGO DIAGO M Pilar, Pactos o Capitulaciones Matrimoniales en Derecho Internacional Privado, Zaragoza (El Justicia de Aragón) 1999, pp 524 DILOY Christel, Le contrat d'agence commerciale en droit international, Paris (L.G.D.J.) 2000, pp XIV-491 DJALALI Jasmin, Internationale Joint Ventures: erläutert am Beispiel schweizerisch-iranischer Gemeinschaftsunternehmen, Bern (Stämpfli) 1999, pp LIX-282 ESTEBAN DE LA ROSA Gloria, El acogimiento internacional de menores: Régimen jurídico, Albolote, Granada (Ed Comares) 2000, pp XIX-383 FENTIMAN Richard (et al.), L'espace judiciaire européen en matières civile et commerciale = The European judicialarea in civil and commercial matters, Bruxelles (Bruylant) 1999, pp VI-350 FERRARI Franco, International sale of goods: applicability and applications of the United Nations Convention on contracts for the international sale of goods, Basle-Geneva [etc.] (Helbing & Lichtenhahn); Brussels (Bruylant) 1999, pp XIV-269 FERRERI Silvia, Il giudice italiano e l’interpretazione del contratto internazionale, Padova (Cedam) 2000, pp X-540 FONT SEGURA Albert, La protección internacional del secreto empresarial, Madrid (Eurolex) 1999, pp 355 FORLATI Laura/ZAGATO Lauso, Cultura e innovazione nel rapporto tra ordinamenti, Milano (Giuffré) 2000, pp XXX-352 374 Yearbook of Private International Law, Volume (2000) Books Received GARCIA RODRIGUEZ Isabel, La celebración del matrimonio religioso no católico, Madrid (Tecnos) 1999, pp 320 GONZÁLEZ BEILFUSS Cristina, El trust: la institución angloamericana y el derecho internacional privado español, Barcelona (Bosch) 1997, pp 164 GUTMANN Daniel, Droit international privé, Paris (Dalloz) 1999, pp 287 ISLAM M Rafiqul, International trade law, Sydney (LBC Information Services) 1999, pp XIV-532 JIMÉNEZ BLANCO Pilar, El derecho aplicable a la protección internacional de las patentes, Granada (Editorial Comares) 1998, pp XXIV-462 KASSER Amédée/NOVIER Mercedes/SCHLOSSER Ralph, Propriété intellectuelle Recueil de textes nationaux et internationaux, Zurich (Schulthess) 2000, pp VII-1203 KAYE Peter, Law of the European judgments convention, Little London Chichester (B Rose), 1999, volumes KEGEL Gerhard/SCHURIG Klaus, Internationales Privatrecht, 8th ed., Munich (Beck) 2000, pp 367 KLAUSER Alexander, EuGVÜ und EVÜ: Europäisches Gerichtsstands- und Vollstreckungsübereinkommen Europäisches Schuldvertragsübereinkommen: mit Lugano-Übereinkommen und Novellen zum IPRG und KSchG, Wien (Manz) 1999, pp 314 LAZIC Vesna, Insolvency proceedings and commercial arbitration, The Hague [etc.] (Kluwer Law International) 1998, pp XIII-381 MARI Luigi, Il diritto processuale civile della Convenzione di Bruxelles, I Il sistema della competenza, Milano (Cedam) 1999, pp XXV-824 MINGERS Gabriele, Der Auskunftsanspruch im internationalen Unterhaltsrecht, Frankfurt a.M [etc.] (Verl für Standesamtswesen) 1998, pp XXIII-124 NOBEL Peter (ed.), Internationales Gesellschaftsrecht, Bern (Stämpfli) 2000, pp 95 Yearbook of Private International Law, Volume (2000) 375 Books Received NISHITANI Yuko, Mancini und die Parteiautonomie im Internationalen Privatrecht, Heidelberg (C Winter) 2000, pp 536 OTHENIN-GIRARD Simon, La réserve d'ordre public en droit international privé suisse: personnes – famille – successions, Zürich (Schulthess) 1999, pp XXXV-644 PALAO MORENO Guillermo, Los grupos de empresas multinacionales y el contrato individual de trabajo, Madrid 2000, pp 311 Guido, Kollisionsrechtliche Probleme PLASSMEIER Franchisesysteme, Osnabrück (Rasch) 1999, pp 175 internationaler QUEIROLO Ilaria, Gli accordi sulla competenza giurisdizionale tra diritto comunitario e diritto interno, Padova (Cedam) 2000 REDFERN Alan, Law and practice of international commercial arbitration, 3rd ed., London (Sweet and Maxwell) 1999, pp LI-664 REDFERN Alan/HUNTER Martin, Law and Practice of International Commercial Arbitration, 3rd ed., London (Sweet & Maxwell) 1999, pp LI-664 RITTERHOFF Ann-Christin, Parteiautonomie im internationalen Sachenrecht: Entwicklung eines Vorschlags insbesondere für das deutsche Kollisionsrecht unter vergleichender Berücksichtigung des englischen Kollisionsrechts, Berlin (Duncker & Humblot) 1999, pp 354 RODRÍGUEZ GAYÁN Eloy Miguel, Los contratos internacionales de ‘fletamento’ y de transporte marítimo, Madrid (Eurolex) 1999, pp 181 RUTGERS Jacobien W., International reservation of title clauses: a study of Dutch, French and German private international law in the light of European law, The Hague (T.M.C Asser) 1999, pp XI-233 SALERNO Francesco, La Convenzione di Bruxelles del 1968 e la sua revisione, Padova (Cedam) 2000 SPÜHLER Karl (ed.), Vorsorgliche Massnahmen aus internationaler Sicht, Zurich (Schulthess) 2000, pp 155 SYMEONIDES C Symeon (ed.), Private International Law at the End of the 20th Century: Progress or Regress?/Le droit international privé la fin du Xxe 376 Yearbook of Private International Law, Volume (2000) Books Received siècle: progrès ou recul?, XVth International Congress of Comparative Law, The Hague-London-Boston (Kluwer) 2000, pp XI-454 VISCHER Frank/HUBER Lucius/OSER David, Internationales Vertragsrecht, 2nd ed., Bern (Stämpfli) 2000, pp XLIII-713 VON HOFFMANN Bernd (ed.), European private international law, Nijmegen (Ars Aequi Libri) 1998, pp 194 VON ZIEGLER Alexander (et al., eds.), Transfer of ownership in international trade, London [etc.] ( Kluwer Law International) 1999, pp VII-437 WALTER Gerhard/WALTHER Fridolin M.R., International litigation: past experiences and future perspectives, (Swiss papers on European integration, No 25), Bern (Stämpfli); Zürich (Schulthess) 2000, pp 75 WOLF Ronald Charles, A guide to international joint ventures with sample clauses, 2nd ed London [etc.] (Kluwer Law International) 1999, pp XIV-271 Yearbook of Private International Law, Volume (2000) 377 INDEX Access/visitation (of children) 50-52, 53 Actor sequitur forum rei Italian PIL 104 Adjustment 141 Adoption US law 81 Hague Convention 44-45 Italian PIL 121 Macao PIL 145 Adults, protection of – Hague Convention (13 January 2000) 1-23, 205-222 domestic laws applicable law 10-12 jurisdiction 7-10 foreign decisions 14-15 Aircraft applicable law 137 Alternative dispute resolution 52 Arbitration Brazil 151-166 international conventions 158-160 arbitration agreement 152, 154, 156-157 arbitration awards 152, 155 Assignment of receivables Hague Conference 174 UNCITRAL draft 177 Australia choice of law in torts 55-73 jurisdiction in torts 61, 70 reform of PIL rules 70-71 Bankruptcy see ‘Insolvency proceedings’ Bedingte Verweisung 143 Bilateral conflict rules 110 Boys v Chaplin (case) 57-58 Brazil Arbitration 151-166 Brussels Convention on Jurisdiction and the Recognition and Enforcement of Judgments in Civil and Commercial Matters (27 September 1968) 25-39, jurisdiction 361-364 grounds of non recognition 29-31 public policy 25-39 interpretation 25-39, 105, 362-363 proposal for a Council Regulation 301-327 and Italian PIL 103, 104-105, 106, 107, 127 ‘Brussels II’ Convention see ‘EC-Regulation No 1347/2000’ Canada choice of law in torts 59, 64, 73 Capacity marriage contracts 186-187 Central Authorities protection of adults 15 child abduction 48, 51 Characteristic performance theory of - 367-368 Rome Convention 115-116 Characterization 371 Macao and Portuguese PIL 136 Brussels Convention 362-363 Child abduction Hague Conference 47-50, 174 US law 66, 67, 94-96 Child custody US law 75-98 jurisdiction 79-96 Children, protection of Hague Conference 41-53 Choice of forum computer information transactions (UCITA) 357-359 see also ‘Jurisdiction agreements’ Choice of law Macao PIL 139, 141-142, 147 arbitration 153 computer information transactions (UCITA) 357-359 see also ‘Party autonomy’ Citizenship see ‘Nationality’ Index Closest connection torts 59, 71 Rome convention 115-116 Macao PIL 142 Cohabitation see ‘Non-marital cohabitation’ Composite legal orders Macao PIL 135 Conflict-of-laws revolution 116 Conflit mobile Macao PIL 141, 145, 147 matrimonial property 197-199 ‘Continuing jurisdiction’ child custody 87-88 Contracts Italian PIL 114-115, 124 Macao PIL 141-142 e-commerce 172, 357-359 marriage contracts 182-189 Brussels Convention 362-363 applicable law 367-369 MANCINI 365-366 computer information transactions (UCITA) 357-359 Cooperation protection of adults 15-16 protection of children 42, 51 US child custody cases 96-98 judicial and administrative 175 Corporations Italian PIL 116-118 Court of Justice of the European Communities Brussels Convention 25-39, 105, 362-364 Divorce Italian PIL 119 Macao PIL 145 EC-Regulation No 1347/2000 (‘Brussels II’) 120, 265-285 recognition of - 129 Domestic violence 81 Double liability rule English and Australian PIL 56, 58, 62, 65 DUMOULIN , Charles 189 380 EC-Regulation No 1346/2000 on insolvency proceedings (29 May 2000) 241-264 EC-Regulation No 1347/2000 (‘Brussels II’) on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in matrimonial matters and in matters of parental responsibility for children of both spouses (29 May 2000) 265-285 and Italian PIL 119, 122 EC-Regulation No 1348/2000 on the service in the Member States of judicial and extrajudicial documents in civil and commercial matters (29 May 2000) 287-300 Electronic commerce Hague conference 171-173, 174 US law (UCITA) 357-359 Emergency jurisdiction see ‘Urgency’ England PIL rules for torts 56-59 PIL (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1995 59 Entscheidungseinklang 138 Environmental damages Hague Conference 174 Equality of treatment between genders 101, 181, 194 Escape clause 116 European Community law public policy 26 free movement 46 Brussels Convention 362 European Convention on Human Rights and public policy 33-39, 189 right of defence 34 European Court of Human Rights 34, 36, 38, 51 European Union EC-Regulation on divorce (‘Brussels II’) 265-285 EC-Regulation on service Yearbook of Private International Law, Volume (2000) Index 287-300 EC-Regulation on insolvency proceedings 241-264 revision of the Brussels Convention 301-327 relationship with the Hague Conference 177-178 Exclusive jurisdiction US child custody cases 83, 87-88 Exorbitant jurisdiction Italian PIL 104 Brussels Convention 361 Family relations Hague Conference 41-53 Italian PIL 118-120 Macao PIL 144 matrimonial property regime 179-203 Favor validitatis 144, 147 Flexibility Australian PIL (torts) 58, 66, 73 Italian PIL 115 Macao PIL 138-139 Foreign judgments recognition in Italy 127-131 Hague preliminary draft convention 170-171, 223-239 see also ‘Recognition and enforcement of – ’ Foreign law 372 Italian PIL 110 Macao PIL 135, 137 non-discrimination of - 137 Formal validity Italian PIL 112 Macao PIL 144, 147 marriage contracts 188-189 Forum non conveniens US child custody cases 92-94 Italian PIL 104 Forum shopping torts 57, 71, 363 Fraus legis Macao PIL 137 matrimonial property 191-192 Free movement, principle of - 46 Free unions see ‘Non-marital cohabitation’ and ‘Registered partnership’ Full faith and credit Australia 60 United States 75, 127 Fundamental rights and public policy 27, 33-39 right of defence 34 child custody 82 German PIL matrimonial property 196, 198, 201, 202-203 Guardianship Hague convention 141 Habitual residence of the incapable adult 7, 10 of the child 42, 52 Hague conventions 41-53 home state jurisdiction (US law) 83-84 matrimonial property 194-195, 201 Hague Conference on Private International Law protection of adults 1-23 protection of children 41-45, 47-53 family law 41-53 recent developments 169-178 preliminary draft on jurisdiction and foreign judgments 170-171, 223-239 membership 177 Hague Convention relating to the Settlement of Guardianship of Minors (19 June 1902) 41 Hague Convention on Interdiction (17 July 1905) Hague Convention on the Law Applicable to Maintenance Obligations towards Children (24 October 1956) 42-43 Hague Convention concerning the Powers of Authorities and the Law Applicable in respect of Yearbook of Private International Law, Volume (2000) 381 Index the Protection of Minors (5 October 1961) 114 Hague Convention on the Law Applicable to Maintenance Obligations (2 October 1973) 42, 114, 121, 183 Hague Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Decisions relating to Maintenance Obligations (2 October 1973) 42 Hague Convention on the Law Applicable to Product Liability (2 October 1973) and Italian PIL 125 Hague Convention on the Law Applicable to Matrimonial Property Regimes (14 March 1978) 180, 181, 183, 184, 187, 188-189, 198-199, 201 Hague Convention on the Law Applicable to Agency (12 March 1978) Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction (25 October 1980) 47-50, 174 interpretation 49 database (INCADAT) 50 and US law 80, 82-83 and Italian PIL 122 Hague Convention on Protection of Children and Co-operation in respect with Intercountry Adoption (29 May 1993) 44-45 and Italian PIL 121 Hague Convention on Jurisdiction, Applicable Law, Recognition, Enforcement and Co-operation in Respect of Parental Responsibility and Measures for the Protection of Children (16 October 1996) 52-53 influence on the protection of adults 2, 3, 9, 17 Hague Convention on the Protection of Adults (13 January 2000) 1-23, 170, 205-222 382 scope of application 4-6 jurisdiction 7-10 applicable law 10-12 foreign decisions 14-15 Hague Convention on Jurisdiction and Foreign Judgments in Civil and Commercial Matters (preliminary draft) 170-171, 223-239 Harmony of decisions 108, 138 Home state of the child 83 INCADAT (international child abduction database) 50, 175 Incapacitated persons 2, 141 Incorporation, place of Italian PIL 116-117 Insolvency proceedings EC-Regulation No 1346/2000 241-264 Intellectual property Macao PIL 143 Interest analysis 58 Interim measures in arbitration 158 Interpretation Brussels Convention 25-39, 105, 362-364 Hague conventions 49 Interstate conflicts Australian tort law 60, 63, 6970, 72 Islamic Law see ‘Muslim law’ Italian PIL Statute 99-131 jurisdiction 103-107, 361 applicable law 107-126 foreign judgments 127-131 matrimonial property 184, 196, 201 Joint wills Italian PIL 122 Macao PIL 147 Jurisdiction agreements Italian PIL 103, 106 e-commerce 172 Yearbook of Private International Law, Volume (2000) Index computer information transactions (UCITA) 357-359 Jurisdiction protection of adults 7-10 US child custody cases 75-98 Italian PIL 103-107 divorce cases 120 preliminary draft Hague Convention 170-171 Brussels Convention 361-364 Jurisdiction-selecting rules 110 Kidnapping of children see ‘Child abduction’ Kinship Italian PIL 112, 120-121 Legal persons Italian PIL 116-118 Macao PIL 140 Lex fori protection of adults 10 torts 57, 59, 61, 67 Macao PIL 134 Lex loci delicti commissi English and Australian PIL 57, 64, 68, 71, 72 Italian PIL 124-125 Macao PIL 142 Lex rei sitae Italian PIL 123 Macao PIL 143 matrimonial property 194-195 Lis pendens US child custody cases 91-92 Italian PIL 103, 107 Lizardi (case) 141 Lois d'application immédiate Macao PIL 134, 143 see also ‘Mandatory rules’ Lugano Convention on Jurisdiction and the Recognition and Enforcement of Judgments in Civil and Commercial Matters (16 September 1988) 103, 106, 361 Macao PIL rules 131-149, 329-355 Machado v Fontes (case) 57 Maintenance obligations Hague Conference 42-44, 173 Italian PIL 114, 121 and matrimonial property 183 MANCINI, Pasquale Stanislao 100, 113, 365-366 Mandates with a view to incapacity applicable law 11-12, 21-22 Mandatory rules protection of adults 13, 14, 22 Italian PIL 111, 118, 121 régime primaire 183, 190 contracts 368 Marriage Italian PIL 118-120 Macao PIL 144 marriage contracts 182-189 effects of - 184, 195-196 Matrimonial property regime 179-203 Italian PIL 119, 184, 196, 201 Medical treatment of adults 19-20 Methodological pluralism in PIL 112 Migration and PIL Italian PIL 113 matrimonial property 180 Muslim law and public policy 113, 119, 181, 184, 193 Mutability of the applicable law matrimonial property 197-199 Näherberechtigung 143 Nationality of the incapable adult 7, 17-18 of the child 42 Italian PIL 104, 113-115 matrimonial property 193-194 Negotiorum gestio Italian PIL 126 New York Convention on the Recovery Abroad of Maintenance (20 June 1956) 42-43 New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitration Awards (10 June 1958) 160 Non-marital cohabitation Hague Conference 45-47, 174 Yearbook of Private International Law, Volume (2000) 383 Index Macao PIL 133, 145, 146 property regime 185-186 Ordre public see ‘Public policy’ Parent-child relationship child custody (US law) 75-98 Macao PIL 145 Partnership registered - 45-47 Party autonomy Italian PIL 114, 119, 125 Macao PIL 139, 141-142, 147 arbitration 153 matrimonial property 182, 189-192, 197 MANCINI 365-366 computer information transactions (UCITA) 357-359 Peru Hague Conference 177 Phillips v Eyre (case) 55-73 Placement of adults 14, 20-21 Portugal PIL rules and Macao PIL 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 143, 144, 148 matrimonial property 186, 192, 200 Product liability Italian PIL 125 Professio juris Italian PIL 114 Macao PIL 147 Property rights Italian PIL 123-124 Macao PIL 143 Protection, measures of – adults 5-6, 18-19 children 52-53, 80-81 temporary measures 9, 20 applicable law 10-12 implementation 11 foreign decisions 14-15 Proximity 190, 192 Public policy 25-39 protection of adults 13, 14, 22 Brussels Convention 25-39 384 Italian PIL 111, 119 Macao PIL 135, 139 arbitration in Brazil 153 matrimonial property 190-191 European Convention on Human Rights 191 Muslim law 113, 119, 181, 187, 193 procedural 37-39 unmarried couples 47 Publicity matrimonial property 201, 202-203 Recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments protection of adults 14-15 public policy 25-39 Italian PIL 127-131 Hague Convention on Jurisdiction and Foreign Judgments in Civil and Commercial Matters (preliminary draft) 170-171, 223-239 Recognition of foreign arbitration awards Brazil 160-161 Relations between spouses Italian PIL 114, 119 Matrimonial property 179-203 Renvoi 372 Italian PIL 108-110, 112-114, 122 Macao PIL 138-139, 147 Representation of incapacitated adults 11-12, 21-22 Result-selecting-rules 110, 112 Right of access/visitation Hague conventions 48, 50-52 US law 79, 84 (note 35), 88 (note 50), 92 (note 62) Rome Convention on the Law Applicable to Contractual Obligations (19 June 1980) 368 capacity 141 party autonomy 142 closest connection 115, 142 Yearbook of Private International Law, Volume (2000) Index mandatory rules 111, 134 and Italian PIL 115, 124 Rumanian PIL matrimonial property 187, 192, 200 SAVIGNY, Friedrich Carl von 56 Scission of the succession 109, 123 Second degree of jurisdiction 157-158 Securities as collateral Hague Conference 173 Security interests Italian PIL 124 UNIDROIT (draft on mobile equipment) 177 Separation (of spouses) Italian PIL 119 EC-Regulation 120 Service of documents EC-Regulation No 1348/2000 287-300 Siège social Italian PIL 116, 118 Significant connection jurisdiction 84-86 Spanish PIL matrimonial property 183, 184, 187, 188, 198 Statutes of limitation Australian PIL 66, 73 Subsidiary jurisdiction 86 Succession Italian PIL 108-109, 114, 122-123 Macao PIL 146 Spanish PIL 183 Hague Conference 174 Swiss PIL statute and Italian PIL 109 matrimonial property 184, 187, 198, 201 Temporary jurisdiction US child custody cases 89-91 Local jurisdiction Italian courts 104, 106 Third parties, protection of Hague Convention on adults 13 matrimonial property 199-203 Torts Australian PIL rules 55-73 English PIL rules 56-59 Italian PIL 115, 124-125 Macao PIL 142 environmental damages 174 Brussels Convention 363 Transferred Jurisdiction US child custody cases 10 Ubiquity 363 UNCITRAL 177 Unfair competition Italian PIL 125 Hague Conference 174 UNIDROIT 177 Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction Act (US) 76-98 Uniform rules of PIL 76 United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (20 November 1989) 42 United States child custody cases 75-98 Unjust enrichment Italian PIL 126 Unmarried couples see ‘Non-marital cohabitation’ Urgency, as ground of jurisdiction protection of adults US law 89-91 Vessels applicable law 137 Vested rights’ theory 56 VOËT, Jean 189 Yugoslav PIL non-marital cohabitation 186 Yearbook of Private International Law, Volume (2000) 385