questionnaires are often difficult to read Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in e
Trang 1SỞ GD&ĐT VĨNH PHÚC
(Đề thi gồm: 06 trang)
ĐỀ KTCL ÔN THI THPT QUỐC GIA LẦN 1
NĂM HỌC 2015 - 2016 Môn: TIẾNG ANH
Thời gian làm bài: 90 phút, không kể thời gian phát đề
North Americans are familiar with the many "person on the street" interviews on local televisionnews shows While such interviews can be highly entertaining, they are not necessarily an accurate
indication of public opinion First, they reflect the opinions of only those people who appear at a certain
location Thus, such samples can be biased in favor of commuters, middle-class shoppers, or factoryworkers, depending on which area the new people select Second, television interviews tend to attractoutgoing people who are willing to appear on the air, while they frighten away others who may feel
intimidated by a camera A survey must be based on a precise, representative sampling if it is to genuinely
reflect a broad range of the population
In preparing to conduct a survey, sociologists must exercisegreat care in the wording of questions
An effective survey question must be simple and clear enough for people to understand it It must also bespecific enough so that there are no problems in interpreting the results Even questions that are lessstructured must be carefully phrased in order to elicitthe type of information desired Surveys can be
indispensable sources of information, but only if the sampling is done properly and the questions are
worded accurately
There are two main forms of surveys: the interview and the questionnaire Each of these forms ofsurvey research has its advantages An interviewer can obtain a high response rate because people find itmore difficult to turn down a personal request for an interview than to throw away a written questionnaire
In addition, an interviewer can go beyond written questions and probefor a subject's underlying feelings andreasons However, questionnaires have the advantage of being cheaper and more consistent
Question 1 According to the passage, the main disadvantage of person-on-the-street interviews is that
they
A are not based on a representative sampling B reflect political opinions
C are not carefully worded D are used only on television
Question 2 According to the passage, one advantage of live interviews over questionnaires is that live
interviews _
A minimize the influence of the researcher B are easier to interpret
Question 3 The word "precise" is closest in meaning to .
Question 4 According to the reading passage, there are main categories of surveys.
Question 5 Which word is given definition in the text?
Trang 2Question 6 The word "they" refers to .
Question 7 What does the passage mainly discuss?
A The principles of conducting surveys
B The importance of polls in American political life
C Problems associated with interpreting surveys
D The history of surveys in North America
Question 8 According to paragraph 3, which of the following is most important for an effective survey?
A A sociologist who is able to interpret the results
B Carefully worded questions
C An interviewer's ability to measure respondents' feelings
D A high number of respondents
Question 9 The word "indispensable" is closest in meaning to .
Question 10 It can be inferred from the passage that one reason that sociologists may become frustrated
with questionnaires is that
A respondents often do not complete and return questionnaires
B questionnaires are expensive and difficult to distribute
C respondents are too eager to supplement questions with their own opinions
D questionnaires are often difficult to read
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
Question 11 A transfer B career C variety D afraid
Question 12 A surfaces B temples C exercises D pages
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate thecorrect word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
Education is more important today than ever before It helps people acquire the skills they need for sucheveryday (13) _ as reading a newspaper or managing their money It also gives them the specializedtraining they may need to (14) _ for a job or career For example, a person must meet certaineducational requirements and obtain a (15) _ or certificate before he can practice law or medicine.Many fields, like computer operation or police work, (16) _ satisfactory completion of specialtraining courses
Education is also important (17) _ it helps people get more out of life It increases theirknowledge and understanding of the world It helps them acquire the skills that make life more interestingand enjoyable, (18) _ the skills needed to participate in a sport, paint a picture, or play a musical(19) _ Such education becomes (20) _ important as people gain more and more leisure time.Education also helps people adjust to change This habit has become necessary because social changes todaytake place with increasing speed and (21) _ the lives of more and more people Education can help aperson understand these changes and provide him (22) _ the skills for adjusting to them
Question 16 A requires B requiring C require D to require
Question 17 A therefore B despite C although D because
Question 18 A such as B for instance C such that D for example
Question 19 A appliance B equipment C instrument D device
Question 20 A increased B increasing C increase D increasingly
Question 21 A effect B affect C affective D effective
Trang 3Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Question 23 Her boss fired her, made her angry.
Question 24 You _ the washing My sister could have done it for you.
A needn't have done B couldn't have done C hadn't to do D mustn't have done Question 25 These school-leavers are looking forward on campus.
Question 26 Would you like to take a gap year before a university?
A filling in B applying to C applying for D filling out
Question 27 In 1837 the University of Michigan became the first state university by a board of
regents elected by the voters of the state
A being controlled B it was controlled C to be controlled D under the control
Question 28 We all believe that a happy marriage should be _ mutual love.
A based on B concerned with C confided in D obliged to
Question 29 By the end of the 21stcentury, the first car running on the sea water
A will finish B will be finished C will have been finished D will be finishing Question 30 -"What a lovely house you have!" - " _"
C Of course not, it's not costly D I think so
Question 31 _I get your letter, I will reply to you at once.
Question 32 not to come late, the applicant set out for his job interview.
A He was advised B People advised him C Advised D Advising
Question 33 If Lucy's car down, she would be here right now.
A wouldn't have been B hadn't broken C doesn't break D didn't break
Question 34 _the film director, Ben Affleck, was famously left off of the 85thOscar's Best Directorlist of nominees surprised everyone
Question 35 According to _ people, most animal and plant species on earth will soon die out.
A optimists B pessimistic C pessimists D optimistic
Question 36 My mother asked me _
A which tertiary institution did I choose B which tertiary institution I choose
C which tertiary institution I would choose D which tertiary institution will I choose
Question 37 It is really an .
A undergraduate interesting economics course B economics course interesting undergraduate
C interesting economics undergraduate course D interesting undergraduate economics course Question 38 Not until _ in my paper to write down my name on it.
A I handed/ that I remembered B I handed/ did I remember
C did I hand/ did I remember D did I hand/ I remembered
Question 39 - ''Did you enjoy the movie yesterday?" - " _"
A Certainly, I'd be glad to B Yes, it is warmer than today.
C Not really I couldn't follow the story D No, I dislike moving.
Question 40.Is it necessary that I _ here tomorrow?
Question 41 We received a call from the teacher _ charge of our course.
Trang 4Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three
in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.
Question 42 A powerful B remember C obvious D primary
Question 43 A sacrifice B impossible C confident D interview
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction
in each of the following questions.
Question 45 In the future, we will certainly lead a more healthier life.
Question 46 In the end of the story, Cinderella and the prince get married and live happily together.
Question 47 Rattan, a close relative of bamboo, is often used to make tables, chairs, and other furnitures.
Question 48 Either Mr Anderson or Ms Wiggins are going to teach our class today.
Question 49 I prefer living in a nuclear family than a joint one.
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 50 In the 1980s, TV viewers began to hook up videocassette players to their TVs.
Question 51 Thanks to better health care, there are more and more centenarians nowadays.
A children whose parents can't afford their schooling
B children who die at birth
C people who live 100 years or more
D people who suffer from fatal diseases
Question 52 These machines are older models and have to be operated by hand.
A manually B spiritually C automatically D mechanically
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 53 It's discourteous to ask Americans questions about their age, marriage or income.
Question 54 One of the reasons why families break up is that parents are always critical of each other.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
You can usually tell when your friends are happy or angry by the looks on their faces or by their actions.This is useful because reading their emotional expressions helps you to know how to respond to them
Emotions have evolved to help us respond to important situations and to convey our intentions to others.
But does raising the eyebrows and rounding the mouth say the same thing in Minneapolis as it does inMadagascar? Much research on emotional expressions has centered on such questions
According to Paul Ekman, the leading researcher in this area, people speak and understandsubstantially the same "facial language" Studies by Ekman's group have demonstrated that humans share aset of universal emotional expressions that testify to the common biological heritage of the human species.Smiles, for example, signal happiness and frowns indicate sadness on the faces of people in such far- flungplaces as Argentina, Japan, Spain, Hungary, Poland , Sumatra ,the United States, Vietnam, the jungles ofNew Guinea , and the Eskimo villages north of Artic Circle Ekman and his colleagues claim that people
Trang 5everywhere can recognize at least seven basic emotions: sadness, fear, anger, disgust, contempt, happiness,and surprise There are, however, huge differences across cultures in both the context and intensity ofemotional displays - the so called display rules In many Asian cultures, for example, children are taught tocontrol emotional responses - especially negative ones- while many American children are encouraged toexpress their feelings more openly Regardless of culture, however, emotions usually show themselves, tosome degree , in people's behavior From their first days of life, babies produce facial expressions thatcommunicate their feelings.
The ability to read facial expressions develops early, too Very young children pay close attention tofacial expressions, and by age five, they nearly equal adults in their skill at reading emotions on people's
faces This evidence all points to a biological underpinning for our abilities to express and interpret a basic
set of human emotions Moreover, as Charles Darwin pointed out over a century ago, some emotionalexpressions seem to appear across species boundaries Cross - cultural psychologists tell us that certainemotional responses carry different meanings in different cultures For example, what emotion do yousuppose might be conveyed by sticking out your tongue? For Americans, this might indicate disgust, while
in China it can signify surprise Likewise, a grin on an American face may indicate joy, while on a Japaneseface it may just as easily mean embarrassment Clearly, culture influences emotional expressions
Question 55 Unlike American children, Asian children are encouraged to _.
A display their emotions openly B conceal their positive emotions
C control their emotions D change their behaviour
Question 56 The word "evolved" is closest in meaning to _.
Question 57 The phrase "this evidence" refers to .
A human facial expressions
B the fact that children can control their feelings
C a biological underpinning for humans to express emotions
D the fact that children are good at recognizing others' emotions
Question 58 Young children _.
A make amazing progress in controlling their emotions
B take time to control their facial expressions
C are sensitive towards others' emotions
D spend a long time learning to read others' emotions
Question 59 According to the passage, we respond to others by _.
A watching their actions B observing their looks
C observing their emotional expressions D looking at their faces
Question 60 The biggest difference lies in .
A how often positive emotions are shown B how emotional responses are controlled
C how intensive emotions are expressed D how long negative emotions are displayed
Question 61 Smiles and frowns .
A are universal expressions across cultures
B are not popular everywhere
C do not convey the same emotions in various cultures
D have different meanings in different cultures
Question 62 Paul Ekman is mentioned in the passage as an example of .
A investigators on universal emotional expressions
B researchers on universal language
C researchers who can speak and understand many languages
D lacked many main ingredients
Question 63 The best title for the passage is .
A ways to control emotional expressions B cultural universals in emotional expressions
C Human habit of displaying emotions D review of research on emotional expressions
Trang 6Question 64 Many studies on emotional expressions try to answer whether
A eyebrow raising means the same in Minneapolis and Madagascar.
B different cultures have similar emotional expressions.
C rounding the mouth has the same meaning in Minneapolis and Madagascar.
D raising the eyebrows has similar meaning to rounding the mouth.
II “Would you like to attend higher education or vocational training after leaving high schools?”
In about 140 words, write a paragraph about your choice.
-THE
Trang 7END -SỞ GD&ĐT VĨNH PHÚC
(Đề thi gồm: 06 trang)
ĐỀ KTCL ÔN THI THPT QUỐC GIA LẦN 1
NĂM HỌC 2015 - 2016 Môn: TIẾNG ANH
Thời gian làm bài: 90 phút, không kể thời gian phát đề
Question 1 These machines are older models and have to be operated by hand.
A automatically B mechanically C manually D spiritually
Question 2.In the 1980s, TV viewers began to hook up videocassette players to their TVs.
Question 3 Thanks to better health care, there are more and more centenarians nowadays.
A people who live 100 years or more
B people who suffer from fatal diseases
C children whose parents can't afford their schooling
D children who die at birth
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 4 One of the reasons why families break up is that parents are always critical of each other.
Question 5 It's discourteous to ask Americans questions about their age, marriage or income.
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three
in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.
Question 7 A interview B sacrifice C confident D impossible
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction
in each of the following questions.
Question 9 In the future, we will certainly lead a more healthier life.
Question 10 Either Mr Anderson or Ms Wiggins are going to teach our class today.
Question 11 Rattan, a close relative of bamboo, is often used to make tables, chairs, and other furnitures.
Question 12 In the end of the story, Cinderella and the prince get married and live happily together.
Question 13 I prefer living in a nuclear family than a joint one.
Trang 8Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
Question 15 A pages B temples C exercises D surfaces
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Question 16 Is it necessary that I _ here tomorrow?
Question 17 _I get your letter, I will reply to you at once.
Question 18 Her boss fired her, made her angry.
Question 19 My mother asked me _
A which tertiary institution I would choose B which tertiary institution will I choose
C which tertiary institution did I choose D which tertiary institution I choose
Question 20 We received a call from the teacher _ charge of our course.
Question 21 _the film director, Ben Affleck, was famously left off of the 85thOscar's Best Directorlist of nominees surprised everyone
Question 22 -"What a lovely house you have!" - " _"
C Of course not, it's not costly D Thank you Hope you will drop in.
Question 23 If Lucy's car down, she would be here right now.
A wouldn't have been B didn't break C doesn't break D hadn't broken
Question 24 Would you like to take a gap year before a university?
A applying for B filling out C applying to D filling in
Question 25 It is really an .
A interesting undergraduate economics course B interesting economics undergraduate course
C economics course interesting undergraduate D undergraduate interesting economics course Question 26 - ''Did you enjoy the movie yesterday?" - " _"
A Yes, it is warmer than today B No, I dislike moving.
C Certainly, I'd be glad to D Not really I couldn't follow the story.
Question 27 According to _ people, most animal and plant species on earth will soon die out.
A pessimistic B optimists C pessimists D optimistic
Question 28 In 1837 the University of Michigan became the first state university by a board of
regents elected by the voters of the state
A under the control B to be controlled C being controlled D it was controlled
Question 29 not to come late, the applicant set out for his job interview.
A Advised B Advising C He was advised D People advised him Question 30 Not until _ in my paper to write down my name on it.
A I handed/ that I remembered B did I hand/ did I remember
C did I hand/ I remembered D I handed/ did I remember
Question 31 You _ the washing My sister could have done it for you.
A needn't have done B hadn't to do C mustn't have done D couldn't have done Question 32 These school-leavers are looking forward on campus.
Question 33 By the end of the 21stcentury, the first car running on the sea water
A will be finishing B will be finished C will have been finished D will finish
Trang 9Question 34 We all believe that a happy marriage should be _ mutual love.
A based on B concerned with C obliged to D confided in
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate thecorrect word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
Education is more important today than ever before It helps people acquire the skills they need for sucheveryday (35) _ as reading a newspaper or managing their money It also gives them the specializedtraining they may need to (36) _ for a job or career For example, a person must meet certaineducational requirements and obtain a (37) _ or certificate before he can practice law or medicine.Many fields, like computer operation or police work, (38) _ satisfactory completion of specialtraining courses
Education is also important (39) _ it helps people get more out of life It increases theirknowledge and understanding of the world It helps them acquire the skills that make life more interestingand enjoyable, (40) _ the skills needed to participate in a sport, paint a picture, or play a musical(41) _ Such education becomes (42) _ important as people gain more and more leisure time.Education also helps people adjust to change This habit has become necessary because social changes todaytake place with increasing speed and (43) _ the lives of more and more people Education can help aperson understand these changes and provide him (44) _ the skills for adjusting to them
Question 35 A works B activities C actions D jobs
Question 38 A requires B require C to require D requiring
Question 39 A despite B although C because D therefore
Question 40 A for instance B for example C such that D such as
Question 41 A appliance B device C instrument D equipment
Question 42 A increasingly B increased C increase D increasing
Question 43 A effective B effect C affect D affective
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
You can usually tell when your friends are happy or angry by the looks on their faces or by their actions.This is useful because reading their emotional expressions helps you to know how to respond to them
Emotions have evolved to help us respond to important situations and to convey our intentions to others.
But does raising the eyebrows and rounding the mouth say the same thing in Minneapolis as it does inMadagascar? Much research on emotional expressions has centered on such questions
According to Paul Ekman, the leading researcher in this area, people speak and understandsubstantially the same "facial language" Studies by Ekman's group have demonstrated that humans share aset of universal emotional expressions that testify to the common biological heritage of the human species.Smiles, for example, signal happiness and frowns indicate sadness on the faces of people in such far- flungplaces as Argentina, Japan, Spain, Hungary, Poland , Sumatra ,the United States, Vietnam, the jungles ofNew Guinea , and the Eskimo villages north of Artic Circle Ekman and his colleagues claim that peopleeverywhere can recognize at least seven basic emotions: sadness, fear, anger, disgust, contempt, happiness,and surprise There are, however, huge differences across cultures in both the context and intensity ofemotional displays - the so called display rules In many Asian cultures, for example, children are taught tocontrol emotional responses - especially negative ones- while many American children are encouraged toexpress their feelings more openly Regardless of culture, however, emotions usually show themselves, tosome degree , in people's behavior From their first days of life, babies produce facial expressions thatcommunicate their feelings
Trang 10The ability to read facial expressions develops early, too Very young children pay close attention tofacial expressions, and by age five, they nearly equal adults in their skill at reading emotions on people's
faces This evidence all points to a biological underpinning for our abilities to express and interpret a basic
set of human emotions Moreover, as Charles Darwin pointed out over a century ago, some emotionalexpressions seem to appear across species boundaries Cross - cultural psychologists tell us that certainemotional responses carry different meanings in different cultures For example, what emotion do yousuppose might be conveyed by sticking out your tongue? For Americans, this might indicate disgust, while
in China it can signify surprise Likewise, a grin on an American face may indicate joy, while on a Japaneseface it may just as easily mean embarrassment Clearly, culture influences emotional expressions
Question 45 Paul Ekman is mentioned in the passage as an example of .
A researchers who can speak and understand many languages
B investigators on universal emotional expressions
C lacked many main ingredients
D researchers on universal language
Question 46 Unlike American children, Asian children are encouraged to _.
A change their behaviour B display their emotions openly
C conceal their positive emotions D control their emotions
Question 47 Smiles and frowns .
A are not popular everywhere
B are universal expressions across cultures
C do not convey the same emotions in various cultures
D have different meanings in different cultures
Question 48 Many studies on emotional expressions try to answer whether
A raising the eyebrows has similar meaning to rounding the mouth.
B eyebrow raising means the same in Minneapolis and Madagascar.
C different cultures have similar emotional expressions.
D rounding the mouth has the same meaning in Minneapolis and Madagascar.
Question 49 The best title for the passage is .
A Human habit of displaying emotions B review of research on emotional expressions
C cultural universals in emotional expressions D ways to control emotional expressions
Question 50 The phrase "this evidence" refers to .
A the fact that children are good at recognizing others' emotions
B human facial expressions
C the fact that children can control their feelings
D a biological underpinning for humans to express emotions
Question 51 Young children _.
A spend a long time learning to read others' emotions
B make amazing progress in controlling their emotions
C are sensitive towards others' emotions
D take time to control their facial expressions
Question 52 The word "evolved" is closest in meaning to .
Question 53 According to the passage, we respond to others by _.
A watching their actions B observing their emotional expressions
C looking at their faces D observing their looks
Question 54 The biggest difference lies in .
A how intensive emotions are expressed B how emotional responses are controlled
C how long negative emotions are displayed D how often positive emotions are shown
Trang 11Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
A survey is a study, generally in the form of an interview or a questionnaire, which providesinformation concerning how people think and act In the United States, the best-known surveys are theGallup poll and the Harris poll As anyone who watches the news during presidential campaigns knows,these polls have become an important part of political life in the United States
North Americans are familiar with the many "person on the street" interviews on local televisionnews shows While such interviews can be highly entertaining, they are not necessarily an accurate
indication of public opinion First, they reflect the opinions of only those people who appear at a certain
location Thus, such samples can be biased in favor of commuters, middle-class shoppers, or factoryworkers, depending on which area the new people select Second, television interviews tend to attractoutgoing people who are willing to appear on the air, while they frighten away others who may feel
intimidated by a camera A survey must be based on a precise, representative sampling if it is to genuinely
reflect a broad range of the population
In preparing to conduct a survey, sociologists must exercisegreat care in the wording of questions
An effective survey question must be simple and clear enough for people to understand it It must also bespecific enough so that there are no problems in interpreting the results Even questions that are lessstructured must be carefully phrased in order to elicitthe type of information desired Surveys can be
indispensable sources of information, but only if the sampling is done properly and the questions are
worded accurately
There are two main forms of surveys: the interview and the questionnaire Each of these forms ofsurvey research has its advantages An interviewer can obtain a high response rate because people find itmore difficult to turn down a personal request for an interview than to throw away a written questionnaire
In addition, an interviewer can go beyond written questions and probefor a subject's underlying feelings andreasons However, questionnaires have the advantage of being cheaper and more consistent
Question 55 According to the passage, the main disadvantage of person-on-the-street interviews is that
they
A reflect political opinions B are not carefully worded
C are not based on a representative sampling D are used only on television
Question 56 What does the passage mainly discuss?
A The importance of polls in American political life
B The principles of conducting surveys
C Problems associated with interpreting surveys
D The history of surveys in North America
Question 57 The word "they" refers to .
Question 58 Which word is given definition in the text?
Question 59 According to the reading passage, there are main categories of surveys.
Question 60 The word "indispensable" is closest in meaning to .
Question 61 According to paragraph 3, which of the following is most important for an effective survey?
A A high number of respondents
B A sociologist who is able to interpret the results
C Carefully worded questions
D An interviewer's ability to measure respondents' feelings
Question 62 The word "precise" is closest in meaning to .
Trang 12Question 63 It can be inferred from the passage that one reason that sociologists may become frustrated
with questionnaires is that
A questionnaires are expensive and difficult to distribute
B respondents are too eager to supplement questions with their own opinions
C respondents often do not complete and return questionnaires
D questionnaires are often difficult to read
Question 64 According to the passage, one advantage of live interviews over questionnaires is that live
interviews _
A minimize the influence of the researcher B costless
C can produce more information D are easier to interpret
II “Would you like to attend higher education or vocational training after leaving high schools?”
In about 140 words, write a paragraph about your choice.
-THE
Trang 13END -SỞ GD&ĐT VĨNH PHÚC
(Đề thi gồm: 06 trang)
ĐỀ KTCL ÔN THI THPT QUỐC GIA LẦN 1
NĂM HỌC 2015 - 2016 Môn: TIẾNG ANH
Thời gian làm bài: 90 phút, không kể thời gian phát đề
Question 1 One of the reasons why families break up is that parents are always critical of each other.
Question 2 It's discourteous to ask Americans questions about their age, marriage or income.
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
Question 4 A surfaces B temples C exercises D pages
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Question 5 It is really an .
A economics course interesting undergraduate B undergraduate interesting economics course
C interesting undergraduate economics course D interesting economics undergraduate course Question 6 Her boss fired her, made her angry.
Question 7 If Lucy's car down, she would be here right now.
A wouldn't have been B hadn't broken C didn't break D doesn't break
Question 8 We received a call from the teacher _ charge of our course.
Question 9 In 1837 the University of Michigan became the first state university by a board of
regents elected by the voters of the state
A under the control B being controlled C it was controlled D to be controlled
Question 10 - ''Did you enjoy the movie yesterday?" - " _"
A Certainly, I'd be glad to B Yes, it is warmer than today.
C No, I dislike moving D Not really I couldn't follow the story.
Question 11 We all believe that a happy marriage should be _ mutual love.
A based on B obliged to C concerned with D confided in
Question 12.Is it necessary that I _ here tomorrow?
Question 13 According to _ people, most animal and plant species on earth will soon die out.
Question 14 -"What a lovely house you have!" - " _"
A Thank you Hope you will drop in B I think so
C Of course not, it's not costly D No problem
Question 15 These school-leavers are looking forward on campus.
Question 16 You _ the washing My sister could have done it for you.
A needn't have done B couldn't have done C mustn't have done D hadn't to do
Trang 14Question 17 Not until _ in my paper to write down my name on it.
A I handed/ that I remembered B did I hand/ I remembered
C I handed/ did I remember D did I hand/ did I remember
Question 18 not to come late, the applicant set out for his job interview.
A He was advised B People advised him C Advised D Advising
Question 19 By the end of the 21stcentury, the first car running on the sea water
A will finish B will be finished C will have been finished D will be finishing
Question 20 Would you like to take a gap year before a university?
A filling in B applying for C filling out D applying to
Question 21 _the film director, Ben Affleck, was famously left off of the 85thOscar's Best Directorlist of nominees surprised everyone
Question 22 My mother asked me _
A which tertiary institution I choose B which tertiary institution did I choose
C which tertiary institution I would choose D which tertiary institution will I choose
Question 23 _I get your letter, I will reply to you at once.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
You can usually tell when your friends are happy or angry by the looks on their faces or by their actions.This is useful because reading their emotional expressions helps you to know how to respond to them
Emotions have evolved to help us respond to important situations and to convey our intentions to others.
But does raising the eyebrows and rounding the mouth say the same thing in Minneapolis as it does inMadagascar? Much research on emotional expressions has centered on such questions
According to Paul Ekman, the leading researcher in this area, people speak and understandsubstantially the same "facial language" Studies by Ekman's group have demonstrated that humans share aset of universal emotional expressions that testify to the common biological heritage of the human species.Smiles, for example, signal happiness and frowns indicate sadness on the faces of people in such far- flungplaces as Argentina, Japan, Spain, Hungary, Poland , Sumatra ,the United States, Vietnam, the jungles ofNew Guinea , and the Eskimo villages north of Artic Circle Ekman and his colleagues claim that peopleeverywhere can recognize at least seven basic emotions: sadness, fear, anger, disgust, contempt, happiness,and surprise There are, however, huge differences across cultures in both the context and intensity ofemotional displays - the so called display rules In many Asian cultures, for example, children are taught tocontrol emotional responses - especially negative ones- while many American children are encouraged toexpress their feelings more openly Regardless of culture, however, emotions usually show themselves, tosome degree , in people's behavior From their first days of life, babies produce facial expressions thatcommunicate their feelings
The ability to read facial expressions develops early, too Very young children pay close attention tofacial expressions, and by age five, they nearly equal adults in their skill at reading emotions on people's
faces This evidence all points to a biological underpinning for our abilities to express and interpret a basic
set of human emotions Moreover, as Charles Darwin pointed out over a century ago, some emotionalexpressions seem to appear across species boundaries Cross - cultural psychologists tell us that certainemotional responses carry different meanings in different cultures For example, what emotion do yousuppose might be conveyed by sticking out your tongue? For Americans, this might indicate disgust, while
in China it can signify surprise Likewise, a grin on an American face may indicate joy, while on a Japaneseface it may just as easily mean embarrassment Clearly, culture influences emotional expressions
Question 24 According to the passage, we respond to others by _.
A looking at their faces B watching their actions
C observing their emotional expressions D observing their looks
Trang 15Question 25 The biggest difference lies in .
A how intensive emotions are expressed B how long negative emotions are displayed
C how often positive emotions are shown D how emotional responses are controlled
Question 26 Unlike American children, Asian children are encouraged to _.
A control their emotions B display their emotions openly
C change their behaviour D conceal their positive emotions
Question 27 The word "evolved" is closest in meaning to .
Question 28 Paul Ekman is mentioned in the passage as an example of .
A lacked many main ingredients
B investigators on universal emotional expressions
C researchers who can speak and understand many languages
D researchers on universal language
Question 29 Smiles and frowns .
A are universal expressions across cultures
B are not popular everywhere
C do not convey the same emotions in various cultures
D have different meanings in different cultures
Question 30 Young children _.
A spend a long time learning to read others' emotions
B make amazing progress in controlling their emotions
C take time to control their facial expressions
D are sensitive towards others' emotions
Question 31 The phrase "this evidence" refers to .
A human facial expressions
B the fact that children can control their feelings
C the fact that children are good at recognizing others' emotions
D a biological underpinning for humans to express emotions
Question 32 Many studies on emotional expressions try to answer whether
A rounding the mouth has the same meaning in Minneapolis and Madagascar.
B eyebrow raising means the same in Minneapolis and Madagascar.
C different cultures have similar emotional expressions.
D raising the eyebrows has similar meaning to rounding the mouth.
Question 33 The best title for the passage is .
A ways to control emotional expressions B review of research on emotional expressions
C cultural universals in emotional expressions D Human habit of displaying emotions
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three
in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.
Question 34 A sacrifice B interview C confident D impossible
Question 35 A obvious B powerful C remember D primary
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction
in each of the following questions.
Question 37 Rattan, a close relative of bamboo, is often used to make tables, chairs, and other furnitures.
Question 38 Either Mr Anderson or Ms Wiggins are going to teach our class today.
Question 39 I prefer living in a nuclear family than a joint one.
Trang 16Question 40 In the future, we will certainly lead a more healthier life.
Question 41 In the end of the story, Cinderella and the prince get married and live happily together.
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 42 Thanks to better health care, there are more and more centenarians nowadays.
A people who live 100 years or more
B children who die at birth
C people who suffer from fatal diseases
D children whose parents can't afford their schooling
Question 43 In the 1980s, TV viewers began to hook up videocassette players to their TVs.
Question 44 These machines are older models and have to be operated by hand.
A spiritually B mechanically C manually D automatically
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
A survey is a study, generally in the form of an interview or a questionnaire, which providesinformation concerning how people think and act In the United States, the best-known surveys are theGallup poll and the Harris poll As anyone who watches the news during presidential campaigns knows,these polls have become an important part of political life in the United States
North Americans are familiar with the many "person on the street" interviews on local televisionnews shows While such interviews can be highly entertaining, they are not necessarily an accurate
indication of public opinion First, they reflect the opinions of only those people who appear at a certain
location Thus, such samples can be biased in favor of commuters, middle-class shoppers, or factoryworkers, depending on which area the new people select Second, television interviews tend to attractoutgoing people who are willing to appear on the air, while they frighten away others who may feel
intimidated by a camera A survey must be based on a precise, representative sampling if it is to genuinely
reflect a broad range of the population
In preparing to conduct a survey, sociologists must exercisegreat care in the wording of questions
An effective survey question must be simple and clear enough for people to understand it It must also bespecific enough so that there are no problems in interpreting the results Even questions that are lessstructured must be carefully phrased in order to elicitthe type of information desired Surveys can be
indispensable sources of information, but only if the sampling is done properly and the questions are
worded accurately
There are two main forms of surveys: the interview and the questionnaire Each of these forms ofsurvey research has its advantages An interviewer can obtain a high response rate because people find itmore difficult to turn down a personal request for an interview than to throw away a written questionnaire
In addition, an interviewer can go beyond written questions and probefor a subject's underlying feelings andreasons However, questionnaires have the advantage of being cheaper and more consistent
Question 45 Which word is given definition in the text?
Question 46 The word "precise" is closest in meaning to .
Question 47 The word "indispensable" is closest in meaning to .
Trang 17Question 48 It can be inferred from the passage that one reason that sociologists may become frustrated
with questionnaires is that
A questionnaires are often difficult to read
B respondents are too eager to supplement questions with their own opinions
C respondents often do not complete and return questionnaires
D questionnaires are expensive and difficult to distribute
Question 49 According to the passage, one advantage of live interviews over questionnaires is that live
interviews _
A are easier to interpret B costless
C minimize the influence of the researcher D can produce more information
Question 50 The word "they" refers to .
A news shows B interviews C North Americans D opinions
Question 51 What does the passage mainly discuss?
A The principles of conducting surveys
B The history of surveys in North America
C Problems associated with interpreting surveys
D The importance of polls in American political life
Question 52 According to paragraph 3, which of the following is most important for an effective survey?
A A sociologist who is able to interpret the results
B Carefully worded questions
C An interviewer's ability to measure respondents' feelings
D A high number of respondents
Question 53 According to the reading passage, there are main categories of surveys.
Question 54 According to the passage, the main disadvantage of person-on-the-street interviews is that
they
A reflect political opinions B are not carefully worded
C are not based on a representative sampling D are used only on television
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate thecorrect word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
Education is more important today than ever before It helps people acquire the skills they need for sucheveryday (55) _ as reading a newspaper or managing their money It also gives them the specializedtraining they may need to (56) _ for a job or career For example, a person must meet certaineducational requirements and obtain a (57) _ or certificate before he can practice law or medicine.Many fields, like computer operation or police work, (58) _ satisfactory completion of specialtraining courses
Education is also important (59) _ it helps people get more out of life It increases theirknowledge and understanding of the world It helps them acquire the skills that make life more interestingand enjoyable, (60) _ the skills needed to participate in a sport, paint a picture, or play a musical(61) _ Such education becomes (62) _ important as people gain more and more leisure time.Education also helps people adjust to change This habit has become necessary because social changes todaytake place with increasing speed and (63) _ the lives of more and more people Education can help aperson understand these changes and provide him (64) _ the skills for adjusting to them
Question 58 A requiring B requires C require D to require
Question 59 A despite B therefore C although D because
Question 60 A for instance B such that C for example D such as
Trang 18Question 61 A instrument B equipment C appliance D device
Question 62 A increasing B increased C increasingly D increase
Question 63 A effect B affective C effective D affect
II “Would you like to attend higher education or vocational training after leaving high schools?”
In about 140 words, write a paragraph about your choice.
-THE
Trang 19END -SỞ GD&ĐT VĨNH PHÚC
(Đề thi gồm: 06 trang)
ĐỀ KTCL ÔN THI THPT QUỐC GIA LẦN 1
NĂM HỌC 2015 - 2016 Môn: TIẾNG ANH
Thời gian làm bài: 90 phút, không kể thời gian phát đề
Question 1 Either Mr Anderson or Ms Wiggins are going to teach our class today.
Question 2 In the end of the story, Cinderella and the prince get married and live happily together.
Question 3 Rattan, a close relative of bamboo, is often used to make tables, chairs, and other furnitures.
Question 4 I prefer living in a nuclear family than a joint one.
Question 5 In the future, we will certainly lead a more healthier life.
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Question 6 By the end of the 21stcentury, the first car running on the sea water
A will have been finishedB will be finished C will be finishing D will finish
Question 7 If Lucy's car down, she would be here right now.
A doesn't break B didn't break C hadn't broken D wouldn't have been Question 8 You _ the washing My sister could have done it for you.
A needn't have done B hadn't to do C couldn't have done D mustn't have done Question 9 In 1837 the University of Michigan became the first state university by a board of
regents elected by the voters of the state
A to be controlled B it was controlled C under the control D being controlled
Question 10 -"What a lovely house you have!" - " _"
Question 11 Would you like to take a gap year before a university?
A filling in B applying for C filling out D applying to
Question 12 _the film director, Ben Affleck, was famously left off of the 85thOscar's Best Directorlist of nominees surprised everyone
Question 13 Her boss fired her, made her angry.
Question 14 These school-leavers are looking forward on campus.
Question 15 My mother asked me _
A which tertiary institution did I choose B which tertiary institution I choose
C which tertiary institution I would choose D which tertiary institution will I choose
Question 16 not to come late, the applicant set out for his job interview.
A People advised him B Advising C Advised D He was advised
Trang 20Question 17 Is it necessary that I _ here tomorrow?
Question 18 We received a call from the teacher _ charge of our course.
Question 19 Not until _ in my paper to write down my name on it.
A did I hand/ I remembered B I handed/ did I remember
C I handed/ that I remembered D did I hand/ did I remember
Question 20 It is really an .
A undergraduate interesting economics course B economics course interesting undergraduate
C interesting economics undergraduate course D interesting undergraduate economics course Question 21 We all believe that a happy marriage should be _ mutual love.
A obliged to B based on C confided in D concerned with
Question 22 - ''Did you enjoy the movie yesterday?" - " _"
A Yes, it is warmer than today B Not really I couldn't follow the story.
C No, I dislike moving D Certainly, I'd be glad to.
Question 23 According to _ people, most animal and plant species on earth will soon die out.
A pessimistic B pessimists C optimistic D optimists
Question 24 _I get your letter, I will reply to you at once.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
You can usually tell when your friends are happy or angry by the looks on their faces or by their actions.This is useful because reading their emotional expressions helps you to know how to respond to them
Emotions have evolved to help us respond to important situations and to convey our intentions to others.
But does raising the eyebrows and rounding the mouth say the same thing in Minneapolis as it does inMadagascar? Much research on emotional expressions has centered on such questions
According to Paul Ekman, the leading researcher in this area, people speak and understandsubstantially the same "facial language" Studies by Ekman's group have demonstrated that humans share aset of universal emotional expressions that testify to the common biological heritage of the human species.Smiles, for example, signal happiness and frowns indicate sadness on the faces of people in such far- flungplaces as Argentina, Japan, Spain, Hungary, Poland , Sumatra ,the United States, Vietnam, the jungles ofNew Guinea , and the Eskimo villages north of Artic Circle Ekman and his colleagues claim that peopleeverywhere can recognize at least seven basic emotions: sadness, fear, anger, disgust, contempt, happiness,and surprise There are, however, huge differences across cultures in both the context and intensity ofemotional displays - the so called display rules In many Asian cultures, for example, children are taught tocontrol emotional responses - especially negative ones- while many American children are encouraged toexpress their feelings more openly Regardless of culture, however, emotions usually show themselves, tosome degree , in people's behavior From their first days of life, babies produce facial expressions thatcommunicate their feelings
The ability to read facial expressions develops early, too Very young children pay close attention tofacial expressions, and by age five, they nearly equal adults in their skill at reading emotions on people's
faces This evidence all points to a biological underpinning for our abilities to express and interpret a basic
set of human emotions Moreover, as Charles Darwin pointed out over a century ago, some emotionalexpressions seem to appear across species boundaries Cross - cultural psychologists tell us that certainemotional responses carry different meanings in different cultures For example, what emotion do yousuppose might be conveyed by sticking out your tongue? For Americans, this might indicate disgust, while
in China it can signify surprise Likewise, a grin on an American face may indicate joy, while on a Japaneseface it may just as easily mean embarrassment Clearly, culture influences emotional expressions
Trang 21Question 25 According to the passage, we respond to others by _.
A observing their emotional expressions B looking at their faces
C observing their looks D watching their actions
Question 26 The phrase "this evidence" refers to .
A human facial expressions
B the fact that children can control their feelings
C the fact that children are good at recognizing others' emotions
D a biological underpinning for humans to express emotions
Question 27 Young children _.
A take time to control their facial expressions
B spend a long time learning to read others' emotions
C are sensitive towards others' emotions
D make amazing progress in controlling their emotions
Question 28 The word "evolved" is closest in meaning to .
Question 29 The biggest difference lies in .
A how emotional responses are controlled B how long negative emotions are displayed
C how often positive emotions are shown D how intensive emotions are expressed
Question 30 Smiles and frowns .
A are not popular everywhere
B do not convey the same emotions in various cultures
C are universal expressions across cultures
D have different meanings in different cultures
Question 31 Paul Ekman is mentioned in the passage as an example of .
A researchers who can speak and understand many languages
B researchers on universal language
C lacked many main ingredients
D investigators on universal emotional expressions
Question 32 The best title for the passage is .
A Human habit of displaying emotions B cultural universals in emotional expressions
C ways to control emotional expressions D review of research on emotional expressions Question 33 Many studies on emotional expressions try to answer whether
A raising the eyebrows has similar meaning to rounding the mouth.
B rounding the mouth has the same meaning in Minneapolis and Madagascar.
C eyebrow raising means the same in Minneapolis and Madagascar.
D different cultures have similar emotional expressions.
Question 34 Unlike American children, Asian children are encouraged to _.
A change their behaviour B control their emotions
C conceal their positive emotions D display their emotions openly
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
Question 35 A surfaces B pages C temples D exercises
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 37 Thanks to better health care, there are more and more centenarians nowadays.
A people who live 100 years or more B children who die at birth
C people who suffer from fatal diseases D children whose parents can't afford their schooling
Trang 22Question 38 In the 1980s, TV viewers began to hook up videocassette players to their TVs.
Question 39 These machines are older models and have to be operated by hand.
A mechanically B automatically C manually D spiritually
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate thecorrect word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
Education is more important today than ever before It helps people acquire the skills they need for sucheveryday (40) _ as reading a newspaper or managing their money It also gives them the specializedtraining they may need to (41) _ for a job or career For example, a person must meet certaineducational requirements and obtain a (42) _ or certificate before he can practice law or medicine.Many fields, like computer operation or police work, (43) _ satisfactory completion of specialtraining courses
Education is also important (44) _ it helps people get more out of life It increases theirknowledge and understanding of the world It helps them acquire the skills that make life more interestingand enjoyable, (45) _ the skills needed to participate in a sport, paint a picture, or play a musical(46) _ Such education becomes (47) _ important as people gain more and more leisure time.Education also helps people adjust to change This habit has become necessary because social changes todaytake place with increasing speed and (48) _ the lives of more and more people Education can help aperson understand these changes and provide him (49) _ the skills for adjusting to them
Question 43 A require B to require C requires D requiring
Question 44 A because B therefore C although D despite
Question 45 A such that B for example C for instance D such as
Question 46 A device B instrument C appliance D equipment
Question 47 A increased B increasing C increase D increasingly
Question 48 A affect B effect C effective D affective
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three
in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.
Question 51 A confident B impossible C interview D sacrifice
Question 52 A obvious B primary C powerful D remember
Markthe letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 53 One of the reasons why families break up is that parents are always critical of each other.
Question 54 It's discourteous to ask Americans questions about their age, marriage or income.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
A survey is a study, generally in the form of an interview or a questionnaire, which providesinformation concerning how people think and act In the United States, the best-known surveys are theGallup poll and the Harris poll As anyone who watches the news during presidential campaigns knows,these polls have become an important part of political life in the United States
Trang 23North Americans are familiar with the many "person on the street" interviews on local televisionnews shows While such interviews can be highly entertaining, they are not necessarily an accurate
indication of public opinion First, they reflect the opinions of only those people who appear at a certain
location Thus, such samples can be biased in favor of commuters, middle-class shoppers, or factoryworkers, depending on which area the new people select Second, television interviews tend to attractoutgoing people who are willing to appear on the air, while they frighten away others who may feel
intimidated by a camera A survey must be based on a precise, representative sampling if it is to genuinely
reflect a broad range of the population
In preparing to conduct a survey, sociologists must exercisegreat care in the wording of questions
An effective survey question must be simple and clear enough for people to understand it It must also bespecific enough so that there are no problems in interpreting the results Even questions that are lessstructured must be carefully phrased in order to elicitthe type of information desired Surveys can be
indispensable sources of information, but only if the sampling is done properly and the questions are
worded accurately
There are two main forms of surveys: the interview and the questionnaire Each of these forms ofsurvey research has its advantages An interviewer can obtain a high response rate because people find itmore difficult to turn down a personal request for an interview than to throw away a written questionnaire
In addition, an interviewer can go beyond written questions and probefor a subject's underlying feelings andreasons However, questionnaires have the advantage of being cheaper and more consistent
Question 55 According to the passage, one advantage of live interviews over questionnaires is that live
interviews _
A can produce more information B minimize the influence of the researcher
Question 56 The word "precise" is closest in meaning to .
Question 57 What does the passage mainly discuss?
A Problems associated with interpreting surveys
B The principles of conducting surveys
C The importance of polls in American political life
D The history of surveys in North America
Question 58 It can be inferred from the passage that one reason that sociologists may become frustrated
with questionnaires is that
A respondents often do not complete and return questionnaires
B questionnaires are expensive and difficult to distribute
C questionnaires are often difficult to read
D respondents are too eager to supplement questions with their own opinions
Question 59 According to paragraph 3, which of the following is most important for an effective survey?
A Carefully worded questions
B A high number of respondents
C A sociologist who is able to interpret the results
D An interviewer's ability to measure respondents' feelings
Question 60 The word "they" refers to .
A opinions B North Americans C interviews D news shows
Question 61 Which word is given definition in the text?
Question 62 According to the passage, the main disadvantage of person-on-the-street interviews is that
they
A are used only on television B reflect political opinions
C are not carefully worded D are not based on a representative sampling
Trang 24Question 63 According to the reading passage, there are main categories of surveys.
Question 64 The word "indispensable" is closest in meaning to .
II “Would you like to attend higher education or vocational training after leaving high schools?”
In about 140 words, write a paragraph about your choice.
-THE
Trang 25END -SỞ GD&ĐT VĨNH PHÚC
(Đề thi gồm: 06 trang)
ĐỀ KTCL ÔN THI THPT QUỐC GIA LẦN 1
NĂM HỌC 2015 - 2016 Môn: TIẾNG ANH
Thời gian làm bài: 90 phút, không kể thời gian phát đề
Education is also important (5) _ it helps people get more out of life It increases their knowledgeand understanding of the world It helps them acquire the skills that make life more interesting andenjoyable, (6) _ the skills needed to participate in a sport, paint a picture, or play a musical(7) _ Such education becomes (8) _ important as people gain more and more leisure time.Education also helps people adjust to change This habit has become necessary because social changes todaytake place with increasing speed and (9) _ the lives of more and more people Education can help aperson understand these changes and provide him (10) _ the skills for adjusting to them
Question 4 A requires B require C to require D requiring
Question 5 A therefore B because C although D despite
Question 6 A for example B such that C such as D for instance
Question 7 A instrument B equipment C appliance D device
Question 8 A increase B increasingly C increasing D increased
Question 9 A affect B effective C affective D effect
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
A survey is a study, generally in the form of an interview or a questionnaire, which providesinformation concerning how people think and act In the United States, the best-known surveys are theGallup poll and the Harris poll As anyone who watches the news during presidential campaigns knows,these polls have become an important part of political life in the United States
North Americans are familiar with the many "person on the street" interviews on local televisionnews shows While such interviews can be highly entertaining, they are not necessarily an accurate
indication of public opinion First, they reflect the opinions of only those people who appear at a certain
location Thus, such samples can be biased in favor of commuters, middle-class shoppers, or factoryworkers, depending on which area the new people select Second, television interviews tend to attractoutgoing people who are willing to appear on the air, while they frighten away others who may feel
intimidated by a camera A survey must be based on a precise, representative sampling if it is to genuinely
reflect a broad range of the population