Bfii vidt nfiy di sau nghidn cflu nham lam sang ro mpt trong nhflng npi dung ve thdi diem lich sfl he't sflc quan trpng, mang tinh budc ngoat cua cudc chidn tranh, dd la boi canh lich si
Trang 1BOI CANH UCH SlT XUAT HIEN THCft C d
GIAI PHONG HOAN TOAN MIEN NAM, THONG NHAT OAT Nl/dC
VAO MUA XUAN NAM 1975
DINH QUANG HAI*
Cudc k h i n g chien ehd'ng My cflu nflde
hfio hung ciia dfin tdc Viet Nam dfi
gifinh t h i n g ldi vfio Mua Xuan nam 1975
Dd la thfing ldi vi dai nha't trong thd ky XX
ciia nhfin dfin Vipt Nam da dfinh thfing de
qudc My xam Ifldc va chinh quydn Sai Gdn
tay sai, hofin thfinh sU nghiep giai phdng
hofin toan mien Nam, thdng nhfi't To qudc
Thfing ldi c6 y nghia Uch sii dd da md ra
budc ngoat quan trpng, dua Viet Nam budc
vfio ky nguyen ddc lap, thdng nha't, tie'n len
chu nghia xfi hdi Co dflpc thang ldi do lfi
nhd sU lanh dao tfii tinh, vd cung sang sud't
eua Dang, dflng d i u lfi Chu tich Hd Chi
Minh, lfi ke't qua cua mot qufi trinh chuan bi
tich cflc vfi cupc ehien dfi'u v6 cung anh
dung, diy hy sinh, gian khd ciia tofin t h i
dan tpc Viet Nam vi muc tidu giai phdng
hofin tofin mien Nam, thdng nhfi't dfi't nflde,
Tfl dd de'n nay da 40 nfim trdi qua, nhflng
nhflng du am cua chien thflng vi dai Mua
Xuan nfim 1975 v i n con vang mai Chid'n
tranh dfl da lui xa vao q u i khfl, nhung thdi
gian cfing lui xa, chung ta cfing ed them thdi
gian vfi dieu kien de xem xet, dfinh gifi mdt
each khfich quan, khoa hpc hdn trdn cd sd
cua nhfliig ngudn tu heu mdi vfi nhan thflc
mdi Bfii vidt nfiy di sau nghidn cflu nham lam sang ro mpt trong nhflng npi dung ve thdi diem lich sfl he't sflc quan trpng, mang tinh budc ngoat cua cudc chidn tranh, dd la boi canh lich sii xufi't hidn thdi ed giai phdng hofin tofin mien Nam, dua cupc k h i n g chien chdng My eflu nudc di de'n tofin thang vao mfla Xuan nam 1975 Dac biet la trong boi canh hidn nay, nhidm vu khdng ngflng nfing cao tinh t h i n canh giac, tich cflc chuin bi vl mpi mat trUde nhiing fim mflu vfi didn hien khd ludng ciia tinh hinh the gidi vfi khu vUc dang ngfiy cfing trd ndn bfle thid't
Ngay 27-1-1973, Hidp dinh Paris ve chfi'm dflt chie'n tranh, lap lai hda binh 5 Viet Nam dfldc ky ket, dfinh dfi'u mdt bUdc ngoac quan trpng, mang tinh quye't dinh,
md ra the' liic mdi cho each mang Viet Nam Cue dien trdn chie'n trUdng vfi so sfinh ldc Ifldng gifla Qufin giai phdng vdi quan dpi Sfii Gdn tflng bfldc chuyen bien theo chidu hfldng ngay cfing cd ldi eho Iflc Iflpng cich mang Tinh hinh the' gidi va thflc td^ chidn trfldng mien Nam vdi nhiing thfing ldi ngay cfing to ldn cua quan dpi va nhan dan Viet
• PGS.TS Vidn Sfl hoc
Trang 2Nam, da bfio hieu mdt thdi cd ldn dang de'n
g i n de Qufin giai phdng md cudc phan cdng
chien lUdc nham hofin thanh sfl nghiep giai
phdng hofin toan mien Nam, thdng nha't
dfi't nflde Nhfin thflc rd thdi cd dd Dang
Cdng san Viet Nam da lanh dao tofin dan
va tofin quan vdi quydt tam cao nhfi't vfi sfl
chufin bi tich cue, chu d i o nhfi't vd mpi mat,
huy ddng tdi da mpi kha nfing nhan, tai,
vfit lUc eua ca nudc de ddn sflc eho tran
quydt chid'n chid'n Iflpe cudi cung
De dap flng yeu c i u ciia tinh hinh vfi
nhiem vu mdi, thfing 10-1973, Ban Chfi'p
hfinh Trung Udng Dang khda HI hpp Hdi
nghi l i n thfl 21 (1) Vd tinh hinh cich
mang mien Nam sau Hidp dinh Paris, Hdi
nghi da chi ro: Mfic du My da rut quan,
nhUng d mien Nam v i n chfla eo ngflng ban,
hda binh chfla that sfl lap lai; Chinh quyen
vfi qufin dpi Sfii Gon dfldc My giup sflc tie'p
tue lfim edng eu dd thUc hidn chu nghia
thue dfin mdi kieu My d mien Nam, hdng
ehia cat lfiu dfii Viet Nam Ve phia ta "the
vfi lUc ciia cieh mang mien Nam hien nay
manh hdn bfi't cfl thdi ky nfio tfl nam 1954
de'n nay" (2) Hdi nghi da de ra quyd't tfim
ldn hofin thfinh cfich mang dfin tdc dan ehii
nhan dfin d mien Nam Nghi quye't hdi nghi
neu rd "Con dfldng eua cfich mang mien
Nam lfi con dfldng bao luc cieh mang Ba't
ke trong tinh hinh nfio, ta ciing phai nfim
vflng thdi cd, gifl vflng dfldng Idl chie'n lUdc
tid'n cdng vfi chi dao Iinh hoat de dfla each
mang mien Nam tien len" (3), Hpi nghi xac
dinh nhiem vu cd ban cua cieh mang mien
Nam trong giai doan mdi la "Tidp tuc thflc
hien chie'n Iflpc cich mang dan tpc dan chii
nhan dfin, thflc hien mpt mien Nam hda
binh, dpc lfip, dfin chii, trung lfip, phdn vinh,
tid'n tdi hda binh thd'ng nhfi't nUdc nhfi" (4)
Hpi nghi Trung Udng l i n thfl 21 la mot
van kien lich sii c6 y nghia he't sflc quan
nghiem vfi bai hpc rut ra nhflng quy lufit ehu yd'u de gifinh thfing Idi tfl thflc tidn dfinh My ciia nhflng nfim trflde do, Nghi quye't Hdi nghi dfi trflc tiep chi dao each mang va ehien tranh each mang de gianh
t h i n g ldi cudi cung trong giai doan ke't thuc chie'n tranh
Thflc hien Nghi quye't Trung Udng, tai cfie dia phfldng mien Bfie vfla dam bao dn dinh ddi song nhfin dan, vfla tfip trung Iflc Ifldng dd'n mfle cao nhfi't de chi vien cho mien Nam Tinh chung trong 2 nam 1973-
1974, mien Bfie dfi huy dpng 25 van thanh nien nhfip ngu, trong dd da Ifla ehpn 15 van thanh nien de gfi'p rut hua'n luyen, bd sung quan so' eho eie ehien trUdng mien Nam va ngay tai mien Nam, luc lUdng vu trang cung dUdc bd sung kip thdi vfi phfit trien nhanh ehdng, chi trong 2 nfim 1973-1974
da cd 12.000 thanh nien d cfie vung giai phong gia nhfip lUc liipng chii luc qufin giai phdng Ben canh do, luc lUdng vu trang dia phUdng cung dfldc bd sung them quan sd'va nang cao chfi't lupng chid'n dfi'u So' Ifldng bd dpi dia phUdng vfi du kich chie'n dfi'u tai chd dfi tang len tfl 117.128 ngfldi nam 1973 len 145.475 ngUdi nfim 1974 va den nfim 1975 dfi len tdi 296.184 ngfldi (5)
Cung vdi viee tang cfldng quan sd cho cac ddn vi vu trang, trong 2 nfim 1973-1974
da CO hfing van thanh nidn xung phong vfi can bd, nhfin vidn chuyen mdn ky thuat dupc didu ddng vfio mien Nam Trong so dd
cd nhidu cfin bp Dan - Chinh - Dang lfi cfin
bd, bd ddi midn Nam tfip ke't ra mien Bfie sau Hiep dinh Gidnevd nfim 1954 dupc dieu dpng trd ve midn Nam lfim nhiem vu Song song vdi dd la khoi lupng vfit chfi't tfl mien Bic ehi vidn cho mien Nam eung tfing len ra't ldn Tfl thfing 1 de'n thang 9-1973, mien Bfie dfi dua vfio mien Nam 140.000 ta'n vfit cha't efic loai, tang gfi'p 4 l i n so vdi nfim 1972
Trang 3Viet Nam? vid't: "Nfim 1973, Hfi Npi da dfla
vfio midn Nam ngofii so da cd mat d midn
Nam vao luc ky kd't dinh chie'n 35.000 ngfldi
vfi 30.000 tfi'n dung eu chie'n tranh" (7)
Su ehi vien va giup dd to ldn eua hfiu
phUfJng mien Bac da giup cho luc lUdng vii
trang nhfin dan gdm ba thfl quan d mien
Nam ldn manh ca ve so' Ifldng vfi chfi't
Iflpng Nhflng qufin dofin vfi binh doan
tfldng dfldng qufin dofin mdi dUdc thanh
lap, dflng chfin trdn cfie dia bfin ehien Ifldc
quan trpng d Ddng Nam Bp, Tri - Thien, Tfiy
Nguyen da tao dfldc sfl chuydn bid'n rfi't ldn
ve" so s i n h Iflc Ifldng ngfiy cfing cd ldi cho ta
(8) Cac quan dofin binh chung hpp thfinh
dupc trang bi k h i manh, sflc dot kich ldn,
sflc cd ddng cao, sflc chidn daii Udn tuc, cung
vdi vide phfit tnen ciia bd dpi dia phfldng va
dan qufin du kich rpng khap giup ta md
dUdc cfie chidn dich tien cdng quy md ldn
tren cac hudng ehien lupc d chien trUcfng
mien Nam, ke ca nhiing ndi sat trung tam
d i u nao cua dich, dinh, tieu diet va lam tan
ra luc lupng ldn quan dich, lfim thay ddi han
so sanh lUc Ifldng vfi cue didn chid'n trUdng
cd Idi cho lUc lUdng each mang
Tren chie'n trUdng, qufin va dan ta gifl
vflng va phat trien thd chii ddng chidn lUdc,
dfiy dich vfio the bi dpng vfi co cum Tren cac
hudng trpng yd'u, ta ciing cd'vfi md rdng ban
dap tien cdng, chuan bi tUdng doi td't eac
mat dfl trfl vat cha't, dfldng cd ddng ehien
lupc, chie'n dich de chuan bi cho nhflng tran
dfinh ldn T^nh hinh so sfinh Iflc Ifldng gifla
ta vfi dich bfit d i u c6 nhiing chuydn bidn can
ban Nhflng dieu kidn cho vide giai phong
hoan tofin mien Nam dang chin mudi
Trong khi the vfi lUc eua ta d mien Nam
dang phfit tndn thuan lpi, thi d bdn kia ban
cau, ndi tinh nflde My xay ra vu bd bdi
Watergate dfin dd'n viec Ha nghi vidn My
truy td' Tdng thd'ng Richard Nixon, budc
Richard Nixon phai dpc dien van tfl chflc
tren truyen hinh vfio dem ngay 9-8-1974 (9) Sfl kidn nay dfi gay ra cupc rdi loan vd" quydn luc va cudc khiing hoang Idng tin trong nudc
My Tong thd'ng G Ford thay Nixon ldn lfim Tdng thd'ng thfl 38 cua nflde My trong boi canh khd khfin ve nhie"u mat Chinh G.Ford cung da phai thfla nhfin vao ngfiy 6-8-1974 rang, viec Nixon phai tfl chflc danh da'u
"mdt trong nhiing thdi ky khd khfin nha't va
bi tham nha't cua nflde My" (10)
Su kidn thay ddi Tong thd'ng My khong nhflng da lfim thay ddi nhflng didn bie'n quan trong trong ndi bd ehinh tri nUdc My,
ma cdn anh hUdng trflc tiep lam thay ddi can can lue lUdng ciia Viet Nam Cpng hda trong cudc chid'n vdi Qufin giai phdng Tong thd'ng G.Ford thuc hien cat giam manh vidn trd cho chinh quyen va quan dpi Sai Gdn Vien trd quan sU My cho mien Nam Viet Nam trUdc day lfi 1.614 trieu ddla cho nam tfii chinh 1972-1973 nay rut xudng 1.026 tridu ddla cho nam tfii chinh 1973-
1974, rdi den nam 1974-1975 chi cdn 700 trieu ddla nghia la edn tren mdt nfla (11) Cac khoan vien trp ve t i c chie'n bao dUdng trang thid't bi da bi cfit giara dot ngpt Trong sd' vien trd 700 trieu ddla eho Viet Nam Cdng hda, mot nfla danh cho chi phi van chuyen Viec cat giam vien trd da tac ddng ldn de'n chinh quydn Sfii Gon Danh gifi ve vide cfit giam vidn trd cua My cho Viet Nam Cpng hda, tac gia Gabriel Kolko vie't: "Vide Quoc hdi khdng cho vien trd bo sung da day Viet Nam Cdng hoa vfio mdt cudc khiing hoang tfim ly vfi ehinh tri trong giai doan cuoi cung cua cudc ddi no" (12)
Do khdng cd du sfl hd trd ve tfii chinh va trang bi tfl My, quan dpi Viet Nam Cpng hda khdng the dfinh theo each mfi My da hufi'n Iuyen, mfi nhfl trong Hdi ky ciia Dai tudng Van Tie'n Dung vid't: "Nguyi Vfin
Thieu phai keu gpi qufin dpi t i e chidn "theo
kieu con nhd ngheo" vdi chi vien hoa Iflc
Trang 4giam 60% vi thie'u bom, dan, sflc cd ddng
cung giam siit g i n 50% do thie'u m i y bay,
thid'u xe, thie'u ca nhien lieu" (13) Thiic te'
do dan dd'n tinh trang cic ddn vi qufin dpi
Viet Nam Cong hda bi trdi chfin vfio cic vi
tri phdng t h u tai chd
Dieu quan trpng hdn lfi da p h i n trong
gidi chflc vfi nhan dan My dfi qua chin ghet
chien tranh Mdt tam ly mong mud'n rut
that nhanh ra khdi cupc chid'n tranh Vidt
Nam da ngfiy cfing tang eao d My Tfie gia
Gabriel Kolko vid't: "Bay mUdi lam Ha nghi
Sl mdi, tham gia Qud'e hpi thfl chin mfldi tfl,
t h i n g Gidng nam 1975, lfi nhflng ngfldi
chdng chie'n tranh manh me va ehu trUdng
cai td lai he thd'ng cac uy ban da tflng giup
cho cac ehinh quydn lidn tiep thue hien
chinh sich ddl ngoai" (14) Phong trao bieu
tinh ddi hoa binh, phan ddl chie'n tranh ciia
nhan dan My vfi nhfin dan yeu chudng hda
binh tren the' gidi ngfiy cfing dfing cao dfi
lfim cho chinh quydn My ra't lung tung
Trudc nhflng dien bie'n cua tinh hinh thd
gidi vfi tren ehien trUdng co ehuyen bien vfi
thufin ldi to ldn, tfl ngay 30-9 den ngfiy
8-10-1974 Bd Chfnh tri da hpp danh gia thdi
cd chie'n Iflpe mdi va thdng qua kd' hoach
giai phdng mid"n Nam trong 2 nam
1975-1976 Trong thfl cua Tong Bi thfl Ld Duan
gfli dng Pham Hung vd ke't luan cua Hpi
nghi Bd Chinh tri dfi viet: "Luc nfiy, chung
ta dang co thdi ccf Hai mUdi nfim chien dfi'u
mdi tao dfldc thdi cd nfiy, ehung ta phai bie't
nfim Ifi'y de dua sfl nghiep giai phdng dfin
tde de'n thfing ldi hofin tofin" (15) Trong
thfl ciing khfing dinh: "ddy Id thdi cd thudn
lai nhdt de nhdn ddn ta hodn todn gidi
phong mien Nam, gidnh thdng Icfi trgn ven
cho cdch mgng ddn tgc ddn chu, dong thdi
giup Ldo vd Campuchia hodn thdnh sU
nghiep gidi phong ddn toe Ngoai thdi cd
nfiy khdng cd thdi cd nfio khac Nd'u de
chfim mflch, mfldi lfim nfim nfla, bpn nguy
gUdng dfiy dUdc, cac thd Iflc xfim lUdc phuc hdi thi tinh hinh se phfle tap vd cung" (16) Nhfin dinh tinh hinh vfi xfic dinh thdi
cd chien lupc cua Hpi nghi Bd Chinh tri
t h i n g 10-1974 lfi vo cung diing dfin vfi sfing sud't, cd tinh chfi't quye't dinh de chufin bi cho
ke hoaeh giai phdng hofin tofin mie"n Nam Nfim b i t chu trUdng chie'n Iflpe cua Hdi nghi Bd Chinh tri, trdn ca hai midn Nam Bfie, quan va dfin ta kh^n trUdng chuan bi
vd mpi mat Trong Ddng - Xuan 1974-1975 quan ta chii yd'u tid'n cdng dich tren dia ban ddng bfing sdng Cflu Long vfi mien Ddng Nam Bp Qua thfle te chid'n trfldng cho thfi'y kha nfing ddl pho cua dich da han chd' rd ret Dieh khdng cdn du sflc chiem lai cic ddn bd't vfi "fi'p chie'n lupc" bi mfi't vao tay Qufin giai phong Ve" phia My, kha nfing can thiep trd lai eung rfi't it Theo nhan dinh eua Bd Chinh tri "Kha nang can thiep
ve qufin sfl cua My ra't han chd' Nd'u nguy quye"n cd nguy cd sup dd, ta c i n dd phdng
My cd the can thiep bfing khdng qufin va hai quan de eflu chung Kha nfing dung luc qufin ra't it, nhflng du chung co can thiep thd nfio cung khdng cflu van dUde nguy khoi sup dd*" (17)
Tai mien Ddng Nam Bp, Quan uy va Bp
Tu lenh Mien quye't dinh md ehien dich dudng sd' 14 - Phudc Long nhfim tieu didt mpt bd phfin sinh liic dich, md rpng vung giai phdng, tao them ban dap tie'n cdng Sfii Gdn Trong vdng 20 ngay (tfl ngfiy 12-12-
1974 dd'n ngfiy 6-1-1975) quan ta da giai phdng tofin tinh PhUdc Long Ngfiy 7-1 qufin giai phong chie'm Dfii quan sat nui Bfi Den (Tfiy Ninh) Quan dpi Sai Gdn chl ddl phd chu ye'u bfing khdng quan kd't hdp vdi Iflc Ifldng cd ddng dia phUdng tai chd mdt each ye'u dt, khdng ke't qua Thfim chi sau khi Phfldc Long da hofin tofin do quan giai phdng lfim chii, ngfiy 7-1-1975, Nguydn Van thidu vfin tra'n an dfin chung rfing:
Trang 5"Vide VC (Viet cdng - DQH) tfi'n chid'm
Phudc Long phai dfldc xem la mot viec nhfi't
thdi thdi" (18)
Dang chfl y la My ehi hfim dpa, gfiy fip Iflc
tfl xa, cho bfio dpng khan ca'p sU dofin 3 thuy
quan lue chie'n d Okinawa, de dpa nem bom
trd lai midn Bfie, eho tfiu sfin bay Interprise
tfl Philippines vfio vung bien Nam Viet Nam
ma khdng ed hanh ddng trflc tiep eflu nguy
eho qufin dpi sfii Gdn Trflde sflc ep cua dfl
lufin My, ngfiy 22-1 Tdng thdng G Ford
tuyen bo' "se khdng eo hanh ddng nfio khfic
ngofii viee bd sung vien trd cho Sfii Gdn; se
khdng ean thiep vfio Nam Viet Nam nd'u xdt
ra khdng phu hpp vdi hien phap vfi phfip
lufit Hoa Ky" (19)
Thfing lpi cua ta trong chie'n dich dudng
so 14-PhUde Long dfi khfing dinh mpt thiic
te la quan dpi Sfii Gdn khdng the dUdng
d i u ndi vdi ehu lUe ciia ta Ta hofin toan ed
kha nfing dfinh t h i n g tofin bp quan dpi Sfii
Gdn, giai phong hofin tofin mien Nam Mat
khfic sfl kidn PhUdc Long eon chflng to sfl
phan flng eua My chi co mfle dp, "kha nfing
ean thidp ve quan sfl eua My rfi't han chd"
vfi "My khd ed kha nfing vao lai mie"n Nam
Viet Nam" dung nhfl Bd Chinh tri da nhfin
dinh: " dfi n i t qufin ve nudc, quan My
khd quay trd lai va neu ed thi chi cd thd
dung khdng quan va hai quan dd cflu nguy"
(20) Cd the khfing dinh rang: chid'n thfing
Phude Long that sU la mdt "phdp thfl", mdt
ddn danh mang tinh "trinh s i t chid'n Ifldc"
vd kha nfing phan flng eua chinh quydn
Washington ddl vdi cupc chie'n tranh d Viet
Nam My "khdng de can thiep trd lai mien
Nam bang bfi't cfl hinh thflc nfio dd cflu
n g u y (21) Nhfin dinh ve ke't qua eua chien
dich Phude Long, Tdng Bi thu Le Duan dfi
khfing dinh "Chie'n thfing nfiy dfi md ra tien
de eho efieh mang mien Nam t h i n tdc tidn
ldn giai phdng hoan tofin midn Nam" Vi
vfiy chidn t h i n g Phudc Long khdng the
danh gifi nhfl mpt chien thfing chid'n thu&t hai chid'n dieh ma lfi mdt chid'n thfing d tim chie'n Ifldc Thfing ldi cua ddt hoat ddng Ddng-Xufin 1974-1975, dac biet lfi sau
chie'n t h i n g Phfldc Long da cd them cd sd
thflc te va tin tfldng vfio thfing ldi dd Bd Chinh tri khang dinh, bd sung va hoan chinh ke hoach quydt tfim giai phdng hoan tofin midn Nam
Khi chie'n dich Phfldc Long edn dang tie'p didn, tfl ngfiy 18-12-1974 den ngay 8-1-
1975, Bp Chinh tri hpp md rdng ket lufin:
"Chung ta dang dflng trflde thdi cd chidn lupe ldn, chua bao gid cd dieu kidn diy du ve" quan sfl vfi chinh tri nhfl hien nay" Hdi nghi ndu quye't tfim trong thdi gian 1975-
1976, diy manh dfi'u tranh qufin sU, chinh tri vfi ngoai giao lfim thay doi nhanh chdng vfi tofin dien so sanh Iflc lUpng trdn ehien trudng, tid'n hfinh tdng cdng kich, tdng khdi nghia, tidu diet vfi lam tan rfi qufin nguy, danh dd nguy quyen tfl trung fldng de'n dia phUdng, gifinh chinh quyen ve tay nhan dan, giai phdng mien Nam Viet Nam Ngofii ke' hoach chie'n Ifldc cd ban hai nfim, trong ke hoach nam 1975, Bp Chinh tri con dfl kien mdt phfldng fin khic: "Ke hoach tiep theo cho nam 1976 se do ke't qua thlie hidn ke hoach nam 1975 quydt dinh Chung ta phai co gang cao nhfi't de thfing gpn trong nam 1975 Didu dd lfi mpt kha nang hien thUc " (22)
Thflc hidn Nghi quye't Hpi nghi Bp Chinh tri, Quan uy Trung Udng vfi Bd tdng tfl lenh lap tfle trien khai kd hoach chufin
bi cho cupc tien cdng chie'n lUpe nfim 1975 Cac phfldng an hidp ddng qufin binh chiing,
bd sung, tfing cfldng Iflc Ifldng, dam bao hfiu cin, vu khi, dan dupc, thudc men cho cfie chid'n trudng, hofin chinh hd thd'ng d'ng
d i n xang diu, mang dfiy thdng tin, dfiy manh sfla chfla, md mdi cfie mang dfldng cd ddng nhfim phuc vu tot nhfi't cho cupc tien
Trang 6cdng chie'n Ifldc dd tie'n tdi hoan thfinh giai
phong mien Nam, thong nhfi't dfi't nflde
Nfim chfic tinh hinh vfi tranh thu thdi cd
thufin Idi, Qufin uy Trung flcfng quyd't dinh
diing lfle Ifldng ehu liic manh md mdt chie'n
dich quy md ldn d Tfiy Nguyen, danh chie'm
Budn Ma Thupt, giai phdng tinh Dak Lak,
sau dd giai phong tofin bd Tay Nguyen, phfit
tridn theo hUdng Phu Ydn, Khanh Hda thuc
hidn chia cfit chie'n lupc Tfl ngay 4-3 den
ngay 24-3-1975, chie'n dich giai phong Tay
Nguyen gifinh thang ldi, vdi tran md man
danh vfio Budn Ma Thudt sang ngay
10-3-1975 (23) Ngfiy 11-3-10-3-1975, Bp Chinh tri hpp
nhan dinh "Thfing ldi d Buon Ma Thudt
-Dflc Lfip, trdn dfldng 19 vfi eac hudng khfic
chflng td ta cd kha nfing gifinh thfing lpi to
Idn va nhip dd nhanh hdn dfl kieh" Cung tai
cupc hpp nfiy, Tong Bi thu Ld Duan dfla ra y
kie'n: "Trflde day ta du kie'n hai nfim giai
phong mie"n Nam, nay eo Phfldc Long, Budn
Ma Thupt, ta ed the dfiy manh hdn; day phai
chfing Ifi bfldc d i u ciia cudc tid'n cdng chid'n
Ifldc? Ndn suy nghi" (24)
Ngfiy 18-3-1975, Bp Chinh tri lai hpp va
ha quyet tfim hofin thanh kd' hoach hai
nfim giai phdng midn Nam trong nam
1975, Ifi'y Sfii Gdn lam phfldng hfldng tidn
cdng chu ye'u, d i y manh tdng tidn edng
chie'n Ifldc de'n tofin t h i n g
Ngfiy 24-3, Tay Nguyen dUpc giai
phdng Cue didn chid'n trfldng thay ddi
nhanh chdng Quan dich tfl trang thai
phdng ngfl chid'n Ifldc chuyen sang the' co
cum ehien Ifldc va rut lui
Ngay 25-3-1975, Bd Chinh tri hpp va
khfing dinh: 'Thdi cd chie'n Ifldc Idn da tdi
Trong sud't 20 nfim ehd'ng My, cflu nflde,
chfla bao gid thufin lpi bfing luc nfiy", do dd
c i n "Nfim vflng thdi cd chid'n Iflpc mdi,
tranh thu thdi gian cao dp, nhanh chdng
tfip trung Ii^c Ifldng vfio phfldng hfldng ehu
dich khdng dfl kien kip vfi khdng kip trd tay, hofin thfinh giai phdng mien Nam cfing sdm cfing tdt" Tren cd sd xfic dinh ro tinh hinh vfi nfim chfic thdi cd, Bd Chinh tri quyet dinh: "quyd't tam hoan thfinh giai phdng Sfii Gdn vfi midn Nam trUdc mua mfla (thing 5-1975) (25)
Cung vdi ddn tidn cdng Tfiy Nguyen, Bd Chinh tri, Quan uy Trung Udng, Bd Tong
Tu lenh quye't dinh chpn Tri - Thien - Hud lam hudng tie'n cdng phdl hpp quan trpng Tfl ngay 5-3 quan ta bfit d i u tid'n hfinh tid'n cdng tieu diet dieh trdn dia ban Thfla Thien
- Hue' Ngfiy 21-3, quan ta da md eude tie'n cdng giai phdng tofin tinh Thfla Thien Hue' De'n ngfiy 25-3, qufin ta da dap tan tofin bp quan dpi Sfii Gdn d Tri Thien Hue Sang ngfiy 26-3, toan bd Thfla Thien -Hue hoan toan giai phdng, Chid'n dich Tri Thidn - Hue kd't thuc thang ldi
Ddng thdi vdi ehien dich Tfiy Nguyen va chid'n dich Tri-Thidn, tfl d i u t h i n g 3-1975, Quan khu V dfi md chid'n dich Nam Ngfii gianh nhieu thfing lpi to ldn, tao ra cd hdi thufin ldi cho ta phat huy thfing lpi Ngfiy 25-3-1975, Bd Chinh tri, Quan uy Trung Udng quydt dinh md chidn dich Dfi Nfing vdi phfldng cham tao bao, bfi't ngd, chfic thfing vfi nhanh chong phat trien luc Ifldng vfio phia Nam De'n ngfiy 29-3, quan ta da Ifim chii can cfl quan sU lien hdp Da Nfing, ban dao Sdn Tra, giai phdng Thanh phd'Dfi Nfing va tofin tinh Quang Dfi, ket thuc thfing Ipi chie'n dich Da Nfing chi sau 3 ngfiy tfi'n cdng t h i n td'c, md ra thdi cd thuan Idi de ta thflc hien trfin quydt chid'n chien Ifldc euoi cflng giai phdng Sfii Gdn, giai phdng hofin toan mien Nam
Tren cd sd d i n h gifi chinh xac so sanh lUc lupng gifla ta vfi dieh, phan tich sau sfic cue dien ehien trfldng vfi nhfin dinh kha nfing My khdng the quay trd lai can thidp
Trang 7hpp nhfin dinh: "vd chie'n Ifldc, ve Iflc lUdng
quan sfl, chinh tri, ta dfi ed sflc manh fip
dao, dich dang diing trflde nguy cd sup do
vfi diet vong My td ra hoan tofin bfi't luc, du
cd tfing vidn cung khdng the cflu van tinh
the cua nguy Cudc chie'n tranh cich mang
d mien Nam khdng nhiing da bfldc vao giai
doan p h i t trien nhay vpt, mfi thdi cd de md
tdng tie'n cdng vfi ndi day tai Sai Gdn - Gia
Dinh da chin mudi Tfl gid phut nfiy, trfin
quye't chie'n chien lUdc ciia quan vfi dfin ta
da b i t diu" (26)
Bp Chinh tri quye't dinh: "nfim vflng thdi
cd chie'n Iflpc, quye't tam thuc hien tdng tid'n
cdng vfi ndi dfiy, kdt thue ehien tranh giai
phdng trong thdi gian ngfin nha't Td't hdn
ea la b i t dau va ket thiic trong t h i n g 4
nam nay, khdng the de chfim" (27) Bd
Chinh tri eung de ra tu tudng chi dao cho
hfinh ddng la "than td'c, tfio bao, ba't ngd,
chfic thfing"; phai tfi'n cdng ngay luc dich
hoang mang, suy sup; phai tap trung luc
lupng ldn hdn nfla vfio nhflng muc tieu chu
yd'u tren tflng hUdng, trong tiing luc
Tren dfi thfing lpi, quan giai phdng lidn
tid'p tid'n edng tieu diet dich, chi trong vong
1 thfing (tfl ngfiy 4-3 de'n ngfiy 4-4-1975)
quan va dan ta dfi giai phdng 16 tinh, 6
thfinh phd', thi xfi, tieu diet g i n nfla binh
lue qufin dpi Viet Nam Cdng hda tren toan
mien Nam Tfl ngfiy 9-4, qufin giai phdng
tfi'n cdng Xufin Loc vfi tiep do giai phdng
mdt loat tinh, thfinh phd, thi xa ven bien
mid"n Trung Tfl ngfiy 14 de'n ngay 29-4
tofin bp cfie dao thudc q u i n dao TrUdng Sa
dflpc giai phdng Trudc tinh hinh k h i n cfi'p
My bupc phai vpi va tid'n hfinh di tan ngfldi
My d Sfii Gdn Sau khi Xuan Ldc thfi't thu
(ngfiy 21-4) Nguydn Van Thieu tfl chflc,
Tran Vfin Hfldng len thay hy vpng tim
kidm mdt giai phap chinh tri Ngfiy 23-4,
tai Trfldng Dai hpc New Orleans, Tdng
thd'ng G Ford phai nghen ngao tuyen bd':
"Cupc chid'n tranh d Vidt Nam da chfi'm dflt ddl vdi ngfldi My"
Chdp thdi cd t h u a n ldi, so sanh luc lupng quan ta da i p dao tuyet ddl qufin dich, tinh
t h i n quan dich da hoang mang, tan da eUc
do, dung nhu dfl kien eua Bd Chinh tri, Chie'n dieh Hd Chi Minh Uch sfl da didn ra he't sflc nhanh gon, it dd mau Vdi flu the fip dao ddl phfldng ca ve quan sU vfi chinh tri, tfl ngfiy 26-4 ddn ngfiy 30-4-1975, chie'n dich tie'n cong giai phdng Sfii Gdn-Gia Dinh, Chid'n dich Hd Chi Minh lich sfl da nhanh ehdng gianh thfing ldi Tfl d i u thing 3-1975 dd'n ngfiy 2-5-1975, quan vfi dan ta ket hdp chfit che tid'n cdng va ndi day da giai phdng eae tinh ddng bfing sdng Citu Long, tofin bp midn Nam da hofin tofin giai phong Cupc khfing chie'n ehd'ng My cflu nUdc cua nhan dfin Viet Nam sau 21 nam
da gifinh dUdc thfing ldi trpn ven, non song
da thu ve mdt mdl
Thfing ldi vi dai cua cupc Tong tid'n cdng vfi ndi dfiy Mua Xuan nfim 1975 da giai phdng hofin toan mien Nam, thdng nhfi't Td qud'c Sfl nghidp khang chie'n chdng My cflu nflde cua nhan dan Viet Nam da ket thiic, chfi'm dflt hofin tofin ach dd hp cua chu nghia thflc dfin, dd' qudc, md ra ky nguyen mdi cho dfin tdc Vidt Nam, ky nguyen doc lfip, thd'ng nhfi't, tidn ldn chu nghia xa hdi Vdi dudng ldi each mang, dUdng ldi khfing chie'n dung dfin, sang tao, ddc lap, tU ehii Dang da lanh dao toan thd dan tpc Vidt Nam doan ke't mpt long, quye't tfi'm danh thang ke thOi xam Ifldc Trdn cd s5
n i m vflng tinh hinh, tranh thu thdi cd thufin lpi, ha quyd't tam chie'n lUdc kip thcfi, chinh xae, Dang ta da chflng to dflde sii dung dan, sac sao, nhay ben trong chi dao chie'n lupe va nghd thufit tao thdi cd vfi nfim chfic thdi cd, tao nen nhflng budc ngofit
Trang 8ta de di dd'n gifinh dflqfc nhflng thfing ldi
mang tinh quye't dinh, kd't thuc cudc chie'n
t r a n h Do lfi ndt dfic sac nhfi^t cua chi dao
chie'n lUdc trong cudc khfing chie'n chdng
My cflu nflde Dfinh gia vd chi dao chie'n
Ifldc trong khfing chid'n chmig My eflu nudc,
Nghi quyet Dai hdi Dang I i n thfl IV (nfim
1976) neu rd: "Dfi nhfin rd am mUu eua de'
quo'c My, danh gifi dung lfle Ifldng so sfinh
gifla t a vfi dieh vfi dd ra chu trfldng chie'n
Iflpc ehinh xfic, sfic bdn va linh hoat de
danh bai am mflu vfi h a n h ddng chidn
t r a n h ciia My-nguy trong tiing thdi ky, di
de'n chie'n thfing hofin toan ehien tranh
CHU THICH
(1) Hoi nghi Ban ChSfp h a n h Trung UOng
(BCHTU) l i n thU 21 dU(?c ti^n hknh trong hai
ddt-d^t 1 t u ngfiy 19-61973 dg^n ng&y 6-7-1973; ddt 2 til
ngfiy 1-10 den ngSy 4-10-1973
(2) Dang Cong s a n V i | t Nam (DCSVN), Van
kien Dang, Todn tap, t^p 34 (1973) Nxb Chinh tri
Quoc gia Ha Ngi, 2004, tr 229
(3), (4) DCSVN, v a n kiSn Dang, Todn tap, t a p
34, sdd, tr 232, 233
(5) Dgi thdng mita Xudn 1975, SUc mgnh cia
tri tui Viit Nam Nxb Chinh tri Quoc gia, Kk Ngi,
2010, tr 339
(6) Vi&n Sli hoc Siic mgnh chie'n thdng cua
cudc khdng chien ehd'ng My cihi nUdc Nxb Khoa
hge xa hoi, Hfi N6i, 1985, tr 38,
(7) Nguyin Phii Dflc, Tgi sao My thua d Viet
Nam Nxb Lao D6ng, Hfi Ngi, 2009, tr 359
(8) Ngfiy 24-10-1973 thfinh lap Quan doan 1
(Binh A.Qkn Quyet t h i n g ) t^i Ninh Binh, do Thieu
tuang Le Trgng Tfi'n lfim T u l?nh; Ngay 17-5-1974
Quan dofin 2 t h a n h lfip tai Quang Tri, do Thieu
tudng Hofing Vfin Thai lfim Tu l$nh; Ngay
20-7-1974 Quan doSn 4 (Binh doan Ctlu Long) thfinh
lfip tgi cfin cU 5 mien Dong N a m Bo, do Thieu
tudng Hoftng C i m U m Tu l^nh; Ng^y 27-3-1975,
Quan dofin 3 thfinh lfip h Tay Nguyen, do Thieu
xam Ifldc cua chung" (28) Thang lpi vi dai Mua Xuan nam 1975 da thflc hien dUdc fldc nguyen eua Chii tich Hd Chi Minh vfi nguydn vpng chfiy bong cua toan thd dan tdc Viet Nam la giai phdng hofin toan mien Nam, thd'ng nha't da't nUdc, hofin thfinh efieh mang dan tpc dan chii nhfin dfin, dua
ea nudc tien len chu nghia xa hdi Qua trinh dfi'u t r a n h day hy sinh, gian kho nhung vd cung oanh liet cua dan tdc Viet Nam di den gifinh t h i n g lpi hofin toan vfi nhflng bai hpe lich sfl quy gia ciia eupe
k h i n g ehien chdng My cflu nflde dd'n nay vfin cdn nguyen gifi tri
tudng Vu LSng l a m Tu lenh Ngoki 4 Quan dofin tren con t h a n h lap Binh doan 232 tUdng dUdng c&'p Quan dofin
(9) Theo tac gia Nguyin Phii DUc thi "kh6ng phai ket qua cua vu be boi Watergate da khien
Richard Nixon tiir chflc" Nguyin Phii Dflc, Tgi sao
My thua d Viet Nam, sdd, tr 369
(10), (19) Dan theo Cuoc chie'n tranh xdm lugc
thUc ddn mdi cua di'quoc My d Viet Nam Vien Lich
Sli Quan sU Viet Nam, Ha Ngi, 1991, tr 268, 273
(11) Nguyin Phli Dflc Tai sao My thua d Viet
Nam, sdd, tr 360
(12), (14), Gabriel Kolko Gidi phdu mdt cudc
chien tranh Nxb Quan doi Nhan dfin, H^ Ngi,
2003, tr, 627, 626
(13) D?i tudng Vkn Tieh Dung Dai thdng Miia
Xudn Nxb Quan dgi Nhan dan Ha Ngi, 1985, tr 25
(15), (16) (22) DCSVN Van kien Dang, Toan
tap, tap 35, sdd, t r l 7 7 , 179, 196
(17) D i n theo Wgoai^'ao VietNam 1945-2000
Nxb Chi'nh tri Quoc gia, Hfi Noi, 2005, tr 276
(18) Ldi keu ggi cua Nguyin Van Thiiu ngdy
7-01-1975, Trung tfim Luu trfl Quoc gia II, phong
DHCH, ho sd so 568
(Xem tiip trang 31)
Trang 9BO T U LENH QUAN GIAI PHONG MIEN NAM VIET NAM SAU NGAY MIEN NAM HOAN TOAN GIAI PHONG
H6 SON DAI"
Trong cudc khfing ehien cho'ng My
cflu nUdc, chie'n trUdng Nam Bp, efle
Nam Trung Bd, Nam Tfiy Nguyen (gpi tat
la B2) (1) gifl mdt vi tri chidn lUdc cUc ky
quan trpng Chi huy tnic tie'p efic luc lupng
vii trang cfich mang tren dja bfin nay la Bp
Tfl lenh cic luc lUdng vu trang nhan dan
giai phdng mien Nam Viet Nam, ten gpi tat
quen dung la Bp Chi huy Mien, (tfl ngay
18-3-1971 gpi la Bd Tfl lenh Mien) "Bd Chi
huy Midn la cd quan tid"n phfldng ciia Bd
Tong tu lenh 5 mdt chid'n trUdng ldn tai
mien Nam, bao gdm cae Quan khu 6, 7, 8,
9, Thanh phd' Sfii Gdn-Gia Dinh va mot so'
tinh trflc thudc" (Vd Nguyen Giap) (2) Ra
ddi tfl nfim 1961, Bd Tu lenh Mien la cd
quan ehi huy eao nhfi't cua cae luc lupng vii
trang giai phdng trdn chidn trUdng B2,
thUe hipn cfie chflc nfing cd ban: lfim tham
mflu cho Trung fldng Cue mien Nam lanh
dao phong trfio dfi'u tranh chinh tri vfi da'u
tranh vu trang, true tiep chi dao vfi chi huy
cfie lUe Ifldng vu trang nhan dan chidn da'u
ehd'ng dd qudc My vfi bd Iu tay sai tren toan
chid'n trfldng Nam Bd va cflc Nam Trung
Bp, gop p h i n eung quan va dan ca nudc l i n
Ifldt danh bai cac chidn Ifldc chien tranh
ciia de qud'c My vfi bd lu tay sai, giai phdng
hoan tofin mie"n Nam
Thfing lpi cua cudc khfing chie'n ehd'ng
My cflu nUde da md ra ky nguyen mdi ciia dfin tdc Viet Nam - ky nguyen dfi't nudc dpc lfip, thd'ng nha't vfi di ldn ehu nghia xfi hdi Quan giai phdng midn Nam da hofin thfinh sfl mdnh Uch sfl, hda nhap chung vao td chflc qufin dpi nhfin dan ca nflde, ehuyen sang thflc hien nhiem vu xay dUng chinh quy, tinh nhud, tflng bfldc hien dai, hufi'n luydn san sang chie'n da'u bao vd Td qudc Tuy nhidn, Bd Tfl ldnh Midn cdn tidp tuc tdn tai 14 thang 7 ngfiy nfla Trong thcfi gian hdn 14 thfing fi'y, Bd Tfl ldnh Midn da lfim tham mUu, chi dao cfie Iflc Ifldng vii trang Nam Bp vfi cflc Nam Trung Bd thUe hidn nhiem vu bao vd thfinh qua each mang, khae phue hfiu qua chie'n tranh va xfiy dflng, td chflc lai qufin ddi cho phu hdp vdi dieu kien thdi binh
1 Tiep q u a n , q u a n q u a n Sau khi giai phong Thfinh phd' Sfii Gdn, cae tinh ddng bang song Ciiu Long vfi hai dao, Bd Tu lenh Mien chi dao cae ddn vi vii trang khan trUdng tid'p quan efin cfl qufin sfl cua My vfi quan dpi Sfii Gdn de Iai Bo Tfl lenh Midn chuyen sd chi huy ve cfin cfl Song T h i n , sau do chuyen tid'p vd cfin cfl
T r i n Hflng Dao trong ndi thanh Sai Gon (cfin cfl Bd tdng tham mflu Quan dpi Vidt
• PGS.TS Quan khu 7
Trang 10Nam cpng hda) Cac cd quan tham mflu,
chinh tri, hfiu cin-ky thuat, cae ddn vi
thong tin, phao binh, phdng khdng,
tfing-thiet giap, cdng binh thudc Bd Tfl lenh
Midn tie'p quan cac can cfl tfldng flng cua
quan dpi Sai Gdn de lai Bd Tfl lenh Quan
dofin 4 chuyen s6 chi huy vfio efin cfl Ld
Vfin Duyet (Bidt khu thu dd cua chinh
quydn Sai Gdn), sau do chuyen ve cfin cfl
Song T h i n d Thii Dflc Bd Tu lenh Quan
khu 7 tid'p quan cfin cfl Quan khu 3 - Quan
dofin 3 tai Thanh phd' Bien Hda, sau do
chuyen ve can cfl Tran Hung Dao Bd Tfl
ldnh Qufin khu 8 tie'p quan can cfl Dong
Tam tai My Tho (cfin efl Su dofin 7 quan
dpi Sfii Gdn) Bd TU lenh Qufin khu 9 tidp
quan cfin cfl Quan khu 4 - Qufin dofin 4 tai
Thanh phd* C i n Thd Bd Tu lenh Sfii
Gdn-Gia Dinh tie'p quan cfin cfl Biet khu thu dd
Tinh dpi cic tinh tid'p quan can cfl tidu khu
cua dich tai tflng dia phUdng
Trong lfle chi dao cic lUc lupng vu trang
B2 tham gia eude tdng tid'n cong va ndi dfiy,
tham gia chien dich giai phdng Sfii Gdn-Gia
D)nh, Bo Tu lenh Mien k h i n trUdng trien
khai Chl thj 06/TWC ngfiy 10-4-1975 cua
Trung Udng Cyc mien Nam vd" vi^c e h u i n
b] cdng t i c tidp quan cfie tinh thfinh eon lai
trdn dia bfin Nam Bp vfi cue Nam Trung
Bd, dfic bidt Ifi Thinh phd' Sfii Gdn-Gia
Dinh Theo do, "khi dfinh do ehinh quyen
trung fldng dich, cin thiic hi^n che' dp quan
quan trong mdt thdi gian nhfi't dinh
Nhi$m vu cua Uy ban qufin quan la: 1
Tieu diet cic 6 de khfing, thanh t o i n tridt
dd cfie luc lUdng phan dpng cua dich; 2
Nhanh chong on dinh tinh hinh vfi thie't
lfip tr ^ t tfl tri an cua thfinh phd', xfiy dung
Ii^c Ifldng tfl ve cua q u i n ehung; 3 Tflng
budc khdi phue nhflng ed sd bao dam cho
cudc sd'ng cua nhan dan; 4 Chufin bi
nhflng dieu kipn de ehuyen sang chinh
quyen each mang" (3) Hang loat can bd
quan sfl, chinh tri cac ca'p dfldc Bd Tu lenh Mien cfl tham gia uy ban quan quan va chinh quyen each mang cac dia phfldng Uy ban Quan quan Thanh phd Sfii Gdn-Gia Dinh (4) vfi cic tinh dflpe thfinh lfip chufin
bi dam nhiem chflc nfing chinh quyen sau ngfiy giai phong Sau khi tie'p quan cfie cfin cfl quan sU cua dich, Uy ban quan quan cac dia phUdng l i n lupt ra mat vfi bfit tay thflc hien chflc nang cua chinh quyen each mang lam thdi: ban bo' menh lenh keu goi tfi't ca ddng bfio, efin bp, chie'n si tieh cflc cung chinh quyen efieh mang nhanh chdng thid't lap trat tU, duy tri eac hoat dpng dan sinh tr3 lai binh thfldng; keu gpi nhan vien ehinh quyen, eac binh si quan dpi Sai Gdn ra trinh didn, cae edng nhan vien ehfle cu trd lai nhidm sd vfi ban bd ldnh gidi nghiem ban dem Cac Iflc Iupng tid'p quan da tich thu, quan ly toan bd tfii lieu qufin sU, chinh tri,
ky thuat, thidt bi doanh trai eua bp may didu hfinh chie'n tranh cua My - chinh quyen Sfii Gdn; cfie cd sd vfit chfi't ky thufit quan sfl eua dich tfl trung Udng tdi dia phfldng Chii nghia thflc dan mdi ciia My bi sup
dd da dd lai nhflng di hai nang ne ca ve ehinh tri, kinh te, vfin hoa-xa hpi Ngoai mpt so' tudng linh, nhfin vidn chinh quydn cao cfi'p chay ra nflde ngofii, dai da sd' vfin cdn d lai, (rieng tai mien Ddng Nam Bd da eo khoang nfla trieu nguy qufin, nguy quyen tan rfi tai ehd), trong dd e6 khdng it phan tfl ngoan co' tim cieh chdng lai each mang, phan ddng si quan binh linh mac cam vdi chd dp mdi Ndn kinh td' van mang tinh chfi't ndng nghidp lac hfiu, phat trien thie'u can ddl Id thudc nang ne vfio vidn trd nflde ngoai Cac td nan xa hdi nhfl ma tuy, lflu manh, di die'm, cd bac nhan nhan Rieng dia bfin Sfii Gdn - Gia Dinh, thanh phd'cd dan so' dong nhfi't nflde (gin 3,5 trieu ngfldi), dfi cd trdn 2 van dich dang l i n trdn va tim mpi each chdng pha ehinh quyen cfich mang
Trang 11Rghien ciiu Lich sit, sg 4.20' ill
cpng them mdt ganh nfing xa hdi vdi 27 van
ngflcfi mu chfl, tren 1 trieu ngUdi thfi't
nghiep, 20 van tre md cdi, 23 van qua phu
bd vd, 1 van ngudi fin xin, 30 van ngUdi mac
benh da lieu, 15 ngfin tre bui ddi, trdn 10
van ngUdi nghien xi ke, ma tuy (5)
Phdl hdp vdi Uy ban quan quan cac dia
phfldng, Bd Tu ldnh Mien chi dao mdi sU
doan, trung dofin, tidu dofin chii luc vfi dia
phUdng phu trfich mdt so' qufin, huyen, xfi
Rieng Uy ban quan quan thfinh phd Sfii
Gdn-Gia Dinh cfl 5.500 can bd chie'n si, td
ehfle 4 dofin, 34 dpi cdng tfie Cfie ddn vi vu
trang chia nhd luc lUdng trdn khu vflc hfinh
chinh dflpe phfin cdng, thfinh lfip tflng dpi
cdng tic thuc hien nhidm vu cflu trd (6), td
chflc dfla ddng bfio chay nan vd qud cu sinh
sd'ng, khoi phuc san xufi't (7), ra p h i thao
gd bom min vat nd, thu dpn phd' hdu chie'n
tranh vfi vfin hda pham ddc hai, kham chfla
bdnh cho nhan dfin Cic dpi cdng tac vu
trang to chflc tuyen truydn ve eie chinh sfich
cua cfich mang, vach ro nhflng luan dieu
xuyen tae cua chd dp cu, vfin ddng nhan dan
tham gia cac hoat dpng xay dUng xa hdi mdi
Trong nfim 1975, lUc lUpng vu trang B2 da
tuydn truyen phfit ddng cho hfing trieu lupt
quin chung, phfit tridn hang trfim chi doan,
hfing nghin dofin vien, hang trfim nghin hdi
vidn cdng dofin giai phong, ndng hdi thanh
nidn giai phdng vfi phu nfl giai phdng, Trdn
ed sd lfle lupng chinh tri mdi xay dung, cac
dia phfldng lUa chpn cfin bd xay dUng bd
may chinh quydn cl ed sd Trong hai thang 5
va 6-1975, ridng mien Ddng Nam Bd da
thfinh lfip 104 uy ban xa va 404 uy ban fi'p
vdi hdn 3.000 uy vien (8)
Vfla thflc hien eae nhidm vu tid'p quan,
tham gia xfiy dUng vfi bao ve chinh quyen
cfich mang, gifl gin anh ninh chinh tri, trat
tu an tofin xa hdi, dn dinh ddi song nhfin
dan, efic lfle lUdng vu trang B2 edn trien
khai cdng t i e tid'p nhan trinh didn va cai
hua'n si quan, binh h'nh quan dpi Sfii Gdn Khdng kd ddl tfldng ha si quan, binh linh khdng phai la i c dn r a trinh didn dfldc hpc tfip ngan ngay rdi trd ve dia phfldng, sd ngudi phai tap trung eai hufi'n len deh 64.395 ngfldi (trong dd cd 33 cfi'p tudng, 414 dai ta, 2.500 trung ta, 4.567 thidu tfi va mdt so' cfi'p uy, xa trfldng) (9) Bp Tfl ldnh Mien chi dao thfinh lfip 5 dofin quan giao lfim nhiem vu quan ly, td chflc hpc tap, dieu tri cho so' si quan ndi tren, (gdm Dofin 500; tai cic dia diem Hde Ba Thflc, Thi xa Long Khanh, Sudl Ram - Ddng Nai, Trang Ldn -Tfiy Ninh; Dofin 600: tai Cat Tien - Lfim Ddng; Dofin 700: tai Phu Qud'e; Dofin 775: tai Tan Hidp - Thi xa Bien Hda; Doan 875: tai Tay Ninh) Ngoai ra con td ehfle mpt sd lien trai quan giao cic ddl tupng thupc didn
td nan xa hdi n h u gfii die'm, trdm cudp, xi
ke ma tuy (10)
Thing 2-1976, Uy ban quan quan cae cap hofin thanh nhidm vu, Uy ban nhan dan each mang dUdc thfinh lap tho'ng nhfi't tfl trung Udng de'n cd sd Sau khi chuyen mpt sd can bd quan sU sang cd quan dan ehinh dang eac dia phfldng, Bd Tfl ldnh Mien chi dao Iflc lupng vu trang B2 kd't thuc nhidm vu quan quan, chuydn sang hoat ddng thfldng xuydn, xay dflng luc lUdng, truy quet tfin quan dich, hua'n luydn san sfing chid'n da'u trong didu kien thdi binh
2 Truy quet tan quan dich, thu hdi cd
sd vat chat do quan doi Sai Gdn de lai
Sau ngfiy mie"n Nam hofin toan giai phdng, p h i n ldn si quan, binh linh quan dpi Sai Gdn ra trinh didn, hpc tap vfi trd lai dia phUdng lam an sinh sd'ng Tuy nhidn, vfin edn khdng it tdn ngoan co' khdng ra trinh dien, sd'ng l i n lut, mdc noi tim each chdng p h i cich mang bfing nhieu thu doan hofic ngfi'm n g i m hofic edng khai Nhidu ndi tan quan tap hdp de'n cfi'p dai dpi, rai truydn ddn, k h i u hidu xuydn tac chinh
Trang 12sach ciia each mang, sat hai cac can bd, td
chflc vupt bien, phfi hoai tai san cdng cpng
Nhieu dang phfii, td chflc phan ddng vfin
tidp tuc tdn tai, Ien lut hoat ddng Mdt bd
phfin dan eu bi anh hudng tuydn truyen,
xuyen tae cua My - nguy, song bfi't hdp tac
vdi chinh quyen each mang hofic che gifi'u
efic p h i n tfl phan ddng
Trien khai nghi quyet hdi nghi Qufin uy
Mien ngfiy 3-5-1975 ve "tid'p tuc truy Iflng,
truy qudt dich, trfi'n fip cac Iflc Ifldng phan
ddng dd bao ve thfinh qua ciia cich mang;
ddng thdi, luc nfio cung san sang chie'n da'u
dfinh dich edn phfi roi, bfi't lufin luc nfio, d
d i u , trong pham vi minh phu traeh di bao
vd chinh quyen, bao vd tfii san, cd sd vfit
chfi't, quo'c phdng, ky thufit, kho tfing ndi
chung" (11), Bp Tfl Ipnh Mien chi dao efic
lfle Ifldng vu trang vfla kien tri keu gpi
trinh didn vfla kien quyd't truy qudt cac
nhen nhdm tfin qufin, d^p tan nhflng dang
phai phan dpng, Tai Quan khu 7, trong hai
thfing 5 vfi 6-1975, lUc Ifldng vu trang diet
vfi bat 15.094 tfin quan, 331 ten trong cac
td chflc phan ddng, thu 32,575 sung, dfla di
hpc tfip cai tao n g i n ban 31.112 binh si,
dfla di hpc tfip dai ban 6.000 si quan, nhfin
vien cao cfi'p nguy (12) Tai Quan khu 8,
tinh dd'n ngfiy 12-5-1975, Iflc lfldng vu
trang b i t giam g i n 300 ten (trong dd ed 1
si quan ca'p tfldng), thu 1.900 xe, 135.000
sung, c6 218 phfio (30 de'n 155mm), 136
tfiu, 11 may bay, 3 trieu lit xfing Tai Quan
khu 9, tinh ddn ngfiy 11-5-1975, lfle Ifldng
vu trang bfit giam 2.040 si quan, (trong dd
cd 2 si quan cfi'p tfldng), thu 231 tfiu, 284 xe
cd gidi cac loai (cd 72 thidt gifip), 176 may
bay, 68.748 sung (188 phio), 1.391 mfiy vd
tuyen didn, 7.880.000 lit xang (13) Ben
canh vide truy quet tan quan, lfle Ifldng vu
trang B2 edn trfi'n ap, pha nhieu vu fin
ehdng pha cich mang ciia cae dang phai
phan ddng, lung b i t cac bfing cudp dang
hofinh hfinh va nhieu ddl tUdng te nan xfi hdi khac Rieng tai Thanh pho" Sai Gdn -Gia Dinh, tfl t h i n g 5 de'n t h i n g 11-1975, luc lupng vu trang da tridt phfi 850 vu p h i hoai chinh tri cua 288 ddl tUdng, b i t giam
737 ten lflu manh trpm cfldp vfi 2.437 ddl tupng te nan xa hdi
Trong luc Iflc lUpng vu trang B2 dang truy quet tan quan dich thi d ben kia bien gidi, chinh quyen Khd me do d Campuchia ngfiy cfing bde lp ehi'nh sach thu dich vdi Viet Nam Tfl ngfiy 3 den ngay 10-5-1975, ehung bfi't ngd tie'n edng Viet Nam tai nhieu diem thudc huyen Chau Thfinh, Ben Cau, Tan Bien tinh Tay Nmh, dao Phu Qud'c, dao Thd Chu, gidt hai vfi bfit di hang trfim dan thUdng vd tdi, Chinh sach thfl dich ciia Khd me do gay nhidu cfing thfing d vung bidn gidi, lfim kho khfin them qua trinh dn dinh tinh hinh d mien Nam Bd Tfl lenh Mien mpt mat bao cao, lam tham mUu eho ca'p tren da'u tranh bfing con dudng hda binh, mat khfic chi dao lUe lUdng vu trang cac dia phUdng to chflc chie'n da'u ehd'ng hfinh dpng tie'n edng xam lUde cua quan dpi Polpot Luc lupng vu trang Quan khu 7, Qufin khu 9 phdi hdp vdi bd dpi Bien phdng, bdi ddi qufin chung Hai quan da kien quydt chfin dfinh quan dieh, giai phdng hoan tofin cfie dao, dfiy dich ve ben kia bidn gidi, gifl vflng lanh tho vfi ehu quydn vung bien gidi
Ddng thdi vdi viee truy quet tan qufin vfi chie'n dfi'u chdng hfinh ddng xam Ifi'n bidn gidi, Bd Tu ldnh Mien chi dao cae lUc lupng
vu trang B2 khfin trUdng tidp quan, thu hdi, bao quan cd sd vfit chat cua dieh de Iai Qufin dpi Sai Gdn tan ra nhanh chong, de lai mdt khdi lupng vu khi trang bi, ed sd vfit cha't ra't ldn ThUc hidn Chi thi cua Thfldng
vu Trung Udng Cue ve "nhfin ro tai san dd lfi do dieh vd vet md hdi nude mfit eua nhan dan, lfi XUdng mau ciia nhieu cfin bd ddng