VỀ VIỆC GIẢI QUYẾT VẤN ĐỀ RUỘNG ĐẤT

VE VIEC GIAI QUVET VA^ OE RUdlSTG DAT Ct D I \ G B A J ^ G SOIVG C l t J LOI\G TJT1992 DEI^ 3003 TRAN DANG KE" T hdc hien CUdng Unh xdy diing ddt nUdc thdi ky qud lin chu nghia xd hgi (CNXH) nam 1991, Ludt ddt dai ban hanh nam 1987 dUdc siia doi bo sung bang Lugt ddt dai ndm 1993 Thuc hidn Lugt ddt dill ndm 1993, va'n de rudng dat d Viet Nam ndi ehung va Dong bang sdng Cutu Long (DBSCL) ndi rieng da difde giai quye't mdt each tUdng ddi hieu qua, dem lai nhiSng qua quan trong viec thiic hien muc tieu chie'n Iiidc ve" kinh te' ndng nghiep Noi dung cd ban ciia giai quyet van de rudng dat DBSCL thdi gian nhii the nao, bai viet eiia ehung tdi se gdp phan Iam rd van de Vi p h a i t i e n h a n h giai quyet van de r u o n g d a t d DBSCL Dong bang sdng Ciiu Long, cdn goi la Tay Nam Bo, gom 13 tinh thanh: Long An, Tien Giang, Be'n Tre, Dong Thap, An Giang, Kien Giang, Tra Vinh, Vinh Long, Sdc Trang, Hau Giang, Bac Lieu, Ca iVIau va Thanh pho' C i n Thd; dien tich td nhien gin 40.602,3km^ chiem 12,8% dien tich ca niide; dan so' tren 17.695 ngudi (1) Day la vung kinh te diem, la khu vUe san xua't lua gao, cung cap ndng san hang hda ehie'm tdi 50% tdng san pham ca nUdc 'ThS TrUdng Dai hoe Canh sat nhan dan DBSCL difdc hinh tii hai he tho'ng sdng chinh: he thong sdng Ci£u Long (sdng Mekdng) va Vam Cd, vdi mang ludi sdng ngdi, kenh rach day dac, chiia lUu lUdng phu sa boi dap ra't ldn tao diing mot viing chau tho phu sa phi nhieu Idn nhat ca nUdc (khoang l.OOO.OOOha), thich hdp eho viec canh tac Iiia va nhieu loai cay khac, dong thdi tao canh quan mdi tnidng thuan ldi cho phat trien du Hch sdng nUdc, nudi danh bat thuy hai san va dieu hda hau d DBSCL Sau nam 1975, Dang va Nha nUdc Viet Nam da td chiic danh gia toan dien tinh hinh SL( dung rudng da't d DBSCL bang cac Nghi quyet 24 (2); 245 (3) Do chie'n tranh keo dai, rudng da't d DBSCL xao tron kha nhieu; tan du ehie'm hiiu rudng da't phong kie'n ndng thdn DBSCL chUa dUdc giai quye't triet de Nhieu rudng dat chii bd tron nudc ngoai chita dUdc to' chiic quan ly TCt tinh hinh thiic tiln, can cfl vao chi dao eua Trung Udng Dang, Chinh phu, cac ca'p chinh quyen DBSCL trien khai thuc hien chu trUdng ehung la giU nguyen canh, thiie hien dieu chinh ruong da't, cap da't cho cac ho chua cd dai hoac thieu da't canh tac Hghien cum Iijeh sit s6 3.2014 Bang 1: Dien Uch ruung dat dmre dieu ehinh cap eho hi> khong ruong va il ruong nitm 1977 Tinh [)ien lich ehiu caip So ho duoc chia ea|i Ticn Gianj; 10 ';27hj S61K Minh Hai (4) 000ha 800 HSL Giang (.S) 'Jl.Q.'iOha 11,900 Ngu6n: ViOi Nam lurimst ich ilieky XXI Ha Noi 2009; Nf-lii tfiiyei \o 125-CP iigi'iy 28 lining nam 1971 niu Hiii iliinf; Chinh phu mriic Vici Nam Diiii ng UMI ddi 13/13 QUI djnh le phi' d>'ing ky gido dich phi ddc; quy dmh mu'c Ihu phi Ih^m djnh cap 13/13 aav6n sir dung dai; m i ^ gia cac loai dai To chu'c kiem kt dai ddi va niy dune ban dd hi£n Irang 13/13 Ngu6n' Tac gia ihong ke irCn ci ic van ban cdc linh da ban hanh ti Hghien ciru Lich si so 9.2Q14 Bang 6: Dien tieh dai phan theo diu phmmjj nam 2000 li DKSCI (12) Tong dien tich loan vimg fiat da sii Oat chua SI Dal ming nghiep D a l l a m nghiep rirng DiVt chua sir dung, da't song, suiii, mi Da't ehuyen 2970.334 337.6KB 223 'il6 101.313 (chiem 9.02%) (chicm I OSOfe) (chicm 0.68%) (chiem 33B.381 (chiem 1.03%) Bang 7: Dien tich dat phan theo tinh Ihanh nOm 20UI) u DBSCL (13) ^ " ^ — J ^ a i dat Tinh ^ " " - - ^ Long An D6ng Thap An Giang Tien Giang VTnh Long Ben Tre Ki£n Giang a n Tho Trii Vinh Soc Trang Bac Liflu CaMau Tong dien lich Dat dli sii Da't chua siir 449 I87ha (chiem 1,36%) 32.1.80.i (chiem 0.98%) 140.623 hd (chicm 1.03%) 236.663 hd (chiem 0.72%) [47 ')20hd {chiem 0,4.i%) 23l-.'iO2hd(chi^m0,7O%) 626 904hd (ehie'm 1,90%) 298 56 Ihd (ehie'm 0,91% 222 •i67hd (ehie'm 0,68%] 322 330 (ehiem 0,98%) 2.'>2 063 'il9 507h.i 416 202 hd 300 730 hj 314,101 213 303 hd 111 '172 hd 191 B.'iBha 570.920 h 284 776 19^919 257,454 233,282 478.734 hii 32.98.5 hd 23,074 hd 26 'i22 23.360 hd 15.948 39 644 *i,5.984 13.78.'> 22,648 24.876 18,781 40,773 (GCNQSDD), quye'n sd hiiu nha d va tai san khac gan lie'n vdi da't; Quy dinh vd" boi thudng, bd trd va tai dinh eU Nha nUdc thu hoi da't tren dia ban va thue hien mgt so' viec cap bach quan ly sii dung dat cua eac to chiic tinh diigc Nha nudc giao da't, cho thue da't (xem bang 5) Viec trien khai cac van ban ciia Dang, Nha nudc va cu the hda cac van ban de thiie hien cac tinh DBSCL thdi ky 1993 2003, cho tha'y: Cd sU quan tam ciia Dang, Nha nddc ddi vdi vung da't giau tiem nang phat trien san xua't ndng nghiep cae tinh DBSCL, san xua't dUdc tii 14 den 16 trieu ta'n lUdng thuc hang nam da gdp phan ciing ca nudc giai quyet td't va'n de lUdng thuc, gdp phan xuat kh^u lUdng thuc thu ngoai te de phat trien san xua't ndi bd nganh Mae dii cd tranh cha'p, ed khie'u kien tap the xay is 100% eae tinh DBSCL nhUng ve cd ban chinh sach, phap luat ve da't dai da gop phan quan lam cho ngUdi ndng dan tha'y diidc hieu qua stt dung rudng da't Dd'i vdi Dang, Nha nudc, cac ca'p Da't nung nghiep 331 286 hd 249 377 hd 256 179h 181.50.'; 119 659 167 301 h 402-644 h 2.54 581 182,050 210.577 210.577 h 351 344 h Dal ldm nghiep 45 374 hd 14.315 ll.789hd 8-265ha I63hd I22 774ha 3.356 5.670 5.879 5.879 I04,8l6ha Ddt chuyen ditng 28 574 21.439 hd 298 15.887 492 11.389 35,412 18 044 8.986 13.312 13.312 17 072 ehinh quyen cd them thUe te de nhin nhan diing ban cha't va'n de" nong thdn, ndng nghiep, nong dan de cd nhiing van ban ban hanh phii hdp hdn, mang lai hieu qua cao hdn Ciing nhu ea nUdc, va'n de dat d day qua trinh giai quye't van de dat dai la phai giai quye't td't, nhin nhan diing md'i quan he "sb hiiu rudng dat" vdi "va'n de quyen sii dung rudng da't" Nhiing nam 1992 - 2003 la thdi ky the hien rd nhat sU tranh cha'p lien quan de'n hai quyen n^y Day la va'n de ma cac van ban phap luat ve da't dai dUdc ban hanh tie'p theo ciia Dang, Nha nudc hUdng tdi Thuc hien qudn dai d DBSCL ly nhd nudc ve ddt • Vephdn logi ddt dai Nhin vao ed ca'u dat dai d bang va ta tha'y, tii 1992 den 2003, cac tinh DBSCL dien tich da't da dUdc dUa vao s^ dung dat ty I | cao so vdi cac viing ca nude, cao nha't la cac tinh: An Giang, Dong Thap, Long An, Tien Giang Tinh cd nhieu dien Ve viec giai quygf van de ruong dat tich da't ndng nghiep la: Ca Mau, Kien Giang, Sdc Trang, Can Thd, Long An, An Giang, Dong Thap Tinh cd nhieu dien tich da't iam nghiep la Ca Mau va Kien Giang Tinh ed dien tich da't chuyen dung cao la: Kien Giang, An Giang, Long An, Dong Thap Tinh cd dien tich dat chxia sii dung cao la: Kien Giang, Ca Mau, Ben Tre (xem bang va bang 7) Vdi mue tieu nam ehac, quan ly chat, da't dai dUdc phan loai viia can cii vao mue dieh sii dung chu yeu, viia can cU vao dia ban sii dung dat Dieu da gay sU triing lap, chong cheo ve mat phap Iy nhU: mdi tht£a da't khu dan eU nong thdn va thi bi chong cheo bSi hai che sii dung dat da't khu dan cU ndng thdn, da't dd thi bao gom dat d, da't ndng nghiep, da't lam nghiep, dat chuyen diing va dat chUa sii dung Ngoai ra, viec phan loai da't cbua rd la theo hien trang hay theo quy hoach sii dung da't, da dan de'n nhieu vUdng mac tinh gia tri dat boi thUdng khu vUc da't quy hoaeh xay dung dd thi - Qudn ly tdi chinh ve ddt Ludt ddt dai ndm 1993 chUa cd quy dinh ve he thd'ng quan Iy tai chinh da't dai Gia da't Nha nUdc quy dinh dUdc sii dung cho cac muc dich: thu tien sii dung dat, thue da't, phi, Ie phi lien quan de'n da't va tinh boi thUdng thiet hai ve dat Nha nUdc thu hoi He thd'ng thue lien quan de'n dat bao gom thue' sii dung da't ndng nghiep, thue' bd' sung sii dung da't ndng nghiep vUdt ban mUe, thue nha da't, thue thue dat Tinh hinh quan ly tai chinh ve da't dai, chu ye'u la sii dung cdng cu hanh chinh ma chUa sii dung cdng cu dieu tiet kinh te cho phu hdp vdi quy luat kinh te thi trudng, he thd'ng thue chUa dieu tiet dUdc ngUdi cd thu nhap cao tii kinh doanh ba't ddng san da gay that thu Idn cho ngan saeh nha nUde va dia phUdng Thi trUdng bat ddng san d cac tinh DBSCL cd vai trd quan trgng qua trinh dau tu xay diing cd sd tang, phat trien cdng nghiep, dich vu, song chua dUdc xay dung va phat trien lanh manh Ngoai nhdm cung eau ve nha da't, ye'u to dau cd hay thdng tin tuyen truyen, gia nha, dat trong thdi gian tir nam 1993 - 2003 d DBSCL tang nhanh nhdm nguyen nhan thugc ve chinh sach ciia Nha nude nhu: edng bo quy hoach md rdng va phat trien dd thi, m6 rpng dUdng sa, phat trien khu edng nghiep, xay diing san van ddng, san gdn, khu budn ban thUdng mai, thay dd'i ve" ehinh sach boi thudng thiet hai, ehinh saeh tai chinh, va'n de lai suat tien giii ngan hang, Hdn niia Nha nUdc van chUa cd chinh sach de quan ly va dieu tiet hieu qua ldi nhuan thu dUdc tii boat ddng kinh doanh bat ddng san Tie'n dp ca'p GCNQSDD d hau bet cac tinh DBSCL cdn cham, thu tuc mua ban, chuyen nhUdng nha, da't phUc tap, ma't nhieu thdi gian, tham chi xay tieu cUc Ben canh do, miic thue chuyen nhUdng QSDD ciing nhu le phi trudc ba cdn cao, khdng khuye'n khich ngUdi sii dung dat tich ciic Iam thu tuc qua trinh mua ban, chuyen nhUdng nha, da't Vdi hinh thiic mua ban gia da't da bi gidi dau cd nha da't liing doan, vai trd dieu tiet budng ddn cua Nha nUde hau nhU khdng cd hoac cd rat md nhat Mat khac, viec thuc hien cac quy dinh cua Ludt ddt dai ndm 1993 eiing nhu cac nghi dinh va cac van ban hudng dan edn nhieu sd hd nhU: cho phep ehuyen QSDD nong nghiep cho ca nhiing dd'i tUdng khong Iam ndng nghiep vdi quy md ldn, cho ea'p Hghien cuu Lich sir s6 9.2Q14 chinh quyen phudng, xa dUde xac nhan cac Ioai ho sd gia'y td cd lien quan den viec thay dSi hien trang sii dung da^t, ca'p giay phep rdng rai song lai thie'u kiem tra, xii ly eac edng ty trach nhiem hflu ban cung nhu eac doanh nghiep tu nhan viee thiie hien cac dli an nha 6, nha't la san lap mat bling thi cdng dudng sa va cac cdng trinh k§'t cau tang Nhieu doanh nghiep ldi dung ke hd ciia phap luat da't dai de buon ban da't tren ban quy hoach, thi cong keo dai, an bdt dien tieh xay nha 5, khdng dam bao eac quy dinh ve" kie'n triic, Vi vay, viec hoan ehinh he thd'ng tai chinh vd" da't dai, ke't hdp bidn phap hanh chfnh vdi bien phap dieu tiet kinh te, cai each he thd'ng thud' cd lien quan ddn dat dai trci ngn ca'p bach d DBSCL ndi rieng va ca nUdc ndi ehung - Thiic hien quy hogch, ke'hoach sU dung ddt Thiie hien Lugt ddt dai ndm 1993, hau bet cac tinh DBSCL de'n nam 1995 da hoan quy hoach, ke hoach sii dung dat dai de'n nam 2010, tam nhin 2015 - 2020 va da dUde Thu tudng Chinh phu phe duyet Cdng tac quy hoach, ke hoach sii dung dat da gdp phan dam bao tinh thd'ng nhat quan ly nha nUdc ve dat dai, lam ed sS quan trpng de dieu chinh chinh sach dat dai theo hudng sii dung da't cd hieu qua Cdng tac da bam sat cac muc tieu phat trien kinh te - xa hpi tai mdi dia phUdng, chu ddng danh quy dat hdp Iy cho phat trien cac nganh, cae Iinh vUc, dae biet la cho phat trien ket ca'u tang, cdng nghiep, dich vu va thi Gdp phan thiic day qua trinh chuyen dich cd cau kinh te' d DBSCL Qua cdng tac quy hoaeh, ke hoaeh sii dung dat, uy ban nhan dan eae ca'p da du tinh dUdc nguon thu tii da't dai eho ngan sach Nha nude va dia phUdng Song, vide quy hoach, ke hoaeh sii dung da't thdi gian tii nam 1993 de'n nam 1995 iam ga'p, de dam bao tie'n dp nhUng lai ehUa cd kinh nghiem nen sau quy hoach, ke hoach sil dung da't phan ldn cac tinh DBSCL tii nam 1996 da de nghi Chinh phu duyet dieu chinh, gay khd khan eho cdng tae quan ly - ThUc thi chinh sdch giao ddt, eho thue ddt Cdng tac giao da't, cho thue da't tii nam 1993 dd'n nam 2003 DBSCL da dap iing yeu eau sii dung dat phue vu phat trien kinh td' - xa hdi ciia viing, tinh, song ciing nhu tinh hinh chung tren ca nUdc, thii tuc edn rUdm ra, thie'u kiem tra xem x6t co quyet dinh giao da't, eho thue da't doi vdi dii an d^u tu Do do, tinh trang giao da't, eho thue da't khdng diing thSim quyd"n, sii dung da't sai muc dich dUdc giao, dUde thue xay kha bien toan vung, nha't la b Thanh phd' Ciin Thd, tinh An Giang, Kien Giang ndi ed nhieu du an dau tU Chinh phii da ban hanh Nghi dinh so' 64/CP 27 thang nam 1993 ve vide giao da't ndng nghiep cho hd gia dinh, ca nhan sii dung on dinh lau dai vao muc dich san xua't ndng nghiep Tiiy theo dieu kien cu the cua tiing dia phUdng, vide thi hanh dUdc td ehiic theo nhiing each khac dan de'n phiic tap xiy diing chinh sach vi mo cac tinh phia Bac, thiia ke qua giao da't cho hd ndng dan theo Nghi quyet 10 ciia Bd Chinh tri nen thUc hien Nghi dinh khdng phai dieu chinh nhieu ve rudng da't O cac tmh phia Nam, nhat la DBSCL viec trien khai thuc hien Nghi dinh tren cd s6 hien trang s^ dung da't dUdc xac lap qua trinh thiic hien chinh sach ciia Dang va Nha nU6c sau nam 1975 va dac biet la nhiing xao trpn ve sii dung da't cdn tr3 nen phiic tap 53 Ve viee giji quya van de ru6ng daT hdn nhieu thed gian chien tranh bien gidi Tay Nam (1975-1979), Nha nUdc Viet Nam phai dUa mdt ho phan dan cU liii vao tuyen sau (ve eac tinh Can Thd, Hau Giang, Vinh Long, ) Sau chie'n tranh hp quay trd lai tbi rupng da't da bi xao trgn Mat khac, ben canh nhflng tac dung tieh cue, viec ca'p GCNQSDD ndng nghiep lam eho dien tich da't trd nen manh miin, phan tan Theo thd'ng ke eua nganh nong nghiep, ca nudc cd khoang 75 - 100 trieu thiia da't, moi hd gia dinh binh quan tii 15 thtia da't, tham chi Ien tdi 25 • 30 thiia DBSCL CO khac, nhung van cdn kha manh miin, khdng thich hdp cho viec td' chiic cd gidi hda ndng nghiep thiic bien cd ehe' khoan rupng da't De giai quye't tinh hinh nhieu tinh DBSCL da van ddng ndng dan don thOia, nham tao thuan ldi cho eanh tac, tie'n tdi phan viing san xua't ndng nghiep Viec giao da't Iam nghiep eho hd gia dinh, cung vdi viec ca'p GCNQSDD lam nghiep da eo chuyen bien ro ret Thdi diem nam 2001 ca nude da giao xa'p xi 10 trieu ha, dat 85% so vdi dien tich da't lam nghiep Td'ng tiien tich da't lam nghiep nam 2001 la 11.823.747 ha, dd dien tich da giao cho hd gia dinh la 5.400.000ha DBSCL da giao 338.381 (14) Tuy nhien, cl cac tinh DBSCL viec giao dat riing tie'n cdn eham Nguyen nhan la do: • ChUa cd quy hoaeh xac dinh rd ranh gidi ioai rvftig, quy hoach sii dung da't lam nghiep chi tiet, chUa phan dinh ranh gidi thuta tren thiic dia nen khdng cd cd sd de giao, ca'p GCNQSDD, nhat la viing da't riing Thap MUdi, viing ban dao Ca Mau, tii giac Long Xuyen - Trong cdng tac td chiic thiic hien chUa ed sii phdi hdp ehat che gifla kiem lam va chinh quyen dia phUdng ChUa cd chfnh saeh phii hdp cho ngUdi bao ve, trdng mdi, khoanh nudi tai sinh rflng va pham vi dUdc khai thac dat riing nen ngUdi sfl dung chfla cd nhu cau xin cap GCNQSDD • Thay vi tie'n hanh giao da't d cho hd gia (finh, ca nhan nhu trudc day, mpt so' dia phUdng d DBSCL da td' chflc da'u gia QSDD, trai vdi quy dinh cua Nha nfldc - ThiA: thi chinh sdch thu hoi ddt Trong nhflng nam 1993 - 1995, d hau het cac tinh DBSCL cdng tae thu hoi da't dUde trien khai manh, phuc vu cho nhu cau xay diing eae dii an, edng trinh kinh te, van hda, xa hgi Tuy nhien, qua trinh cdn nhieu ba't cap, cu the la: giai quye't va'n de gia tri boi thfldng chUa hdp ly, quy nha d phuc vu cho cdng tac tai tiinb eU chfla dflde xay dung va ehfla dap flng dfldc yeu cau cua ngfldi dan da gay nen tinh trang khieu kien keo dai, anh hfldng de'n tie'n dp eae du an Qua khao sat, ca 10 du an Thanh phd' Can Thd, Long An, An Giang, Tien Giang deu cd khieu kien eua ngflcli dan gia tri boi thudng ehua bdp ly, chenh leeh cua den bii so vdi gia thuc te' tren thi trUdng b^t dgng san khoang 30% iam cho ngfldi dan kho cd the chap nhan - Bdng ky ddt dai, cdp GCNQSDD, qudn ly cdc hdp ddng thue ddt, thong ke, kiem ke ddt dai Viec dang ky da't dai d cac tinh DBSCL thuc hien tUdng doi td't Day la ed sd de quan ly da't dai de'n tiing thiia, tflng chii sfl dung da't Quy trinh dUdc thiic hien la: cd sii thay doi ve hinh dang, kieh tbflde, muc dich sii dung, chuyen quyen sii dung dat thi phai dang ky bien dpng da't dai Nhflng thflc te, viee dang ky bien ddng dSIt dai chua dfldc cac tinh DBSCL to' chfle thflc hien nen he thd'ng ho sd dang ky chUa dUdc cap nhat thudng xuyen 54 Viee lap he thd'ng ho sd dia ehinh, va ca'p GCNQSDD la mdt nhiem vu trgng tam ciia cdng tac quan ly dat dai He thd'ng da dUdc eac ca'p chinh quye"n b DBSCL quan tam td' chflc thUc hien Vi vay, tao dieu kien thuan ldi eho cac ea'p ehinh quyin dia phUdng xfl Iy, giai quye't cac trudng hdp vi pham phap Iuat dat dai, tranh chap dat dai Nhin chung, tinh hinh vi pham phap luat da't dai da giam dan sau ca'p GCNQSDD b DBSCL Tuy nhidn, nhiing nam tfl 1993 de'n 1998 tie'n lap ho sd dia chinh va cap GCNQSDD ca nudc ndi chung va DBSCL ndi rieng edn cham; ea nudc mdi chi cap hdn trieu giay chflng nhan cho hp ndng dan san xua't ndng nghiep tren didn tieh tridu Chinh phii da ban hanh nhig"u chi thi: Chi thi so' llO/1998/CT-TTg 2002-1998, Chi thi 18/1999/ CT-TTg 1-71999, vdi tinh than giam thu tue hanh chinh, nhUng dam bao phap luat Tinh den nam 2003, ca nfldc ed khoang 92,7% sd'hd gia dinh va to ehflc sfl dung da't ndng nghiep da dflde cap GCNQSDDvdi tren 97,8% td'ng dien tieh dat ndng nghiep Vung DBSCL viee ea'p giay ehUng nhan cham hdn tinh hinh tranh cha'p rudng da't didn kha phflc tap, Viec lap be thd'ng ho sd dia chinh, va cap GCNQSDD (theo Lugt ddt dai ndm 1993) hoae gia'y chflng nhan quyen sd hflu nha b va quye"n sfl dung dat d (theo Nghi dinh 60/CP) tai dd thi dflde trien khai cf nhie"u tinh, phd' nhUng ket qua dat thap Ca nUdc da ca'p 946.500 gia'y ehUng nhan vdi tong dien tich 14.600 (dat 35% tong sd' hd va khoang 25% dien tich da't b tai cac dd thi can cap GCNQSDD de quan ly), dd ed 520.000 GCNQSDD (chiem 54,9%) va 426.500 gia'y chflng nhan quyen sb hflu nha va da't b (15) Ty Id b Rghien cflu Ljch sii so 9.2Q14 DBSCL tha'p hdn Tinh trang tren dat eho edng tac quan ly da't dai ve" hoan thien va hien dai hda he thd'ng ho sd dia chinh, ca'p GCNQSDD cang ea'p bach hdn Cdng tac thd'ng ke, kidm ke da't dai dfldc tien hanh theo dung quy dinh, sd' lieu thd'ng ke dupe edng bd' hang nam nien giam thd'ng ke, so' lieu kiem ke da't dai dUdc bao cao Chinh phu sat vdi tinh hinh, tao thuan ldi cho edng tac ehi dao eiia Chinh phu N h a n xet - Giai doan 1992-2003, de gdp phan phat trien kinh te' - xa hdi viec giai quye't va'n de rupng da't b DBSCL la ndi dung dac biet quan trong, vi da't dai la nguon lUc, la yeu to' ddng nhat trien khai thfle hien cac chinh saeh kinh te - xa hdi, an ninh, qud'c phdng cua Dang, Nha nfldc b vung da't De giai quye't nhflng khd khan ve" lfldng thue, thiic pham cho ca nudc thi viec giai quye't td't va'n de rudng da't khdng chi tao dieu kien eho phat trien san xua't nha't la san xua't lUdng thiic, nuoi thiiy san ma edn gdp phan quan trpng cho nguon thu qud'c dan va tich luy xa hgi - Nhflng ke't qua da dat dUdc giai quye't van de rupng dat b DBSCL nhflng nam tfl 1992 de'n 2003 eho tha'y dUdng Id'i dd'i mdi eiia Dang ve chinh sacii ruong da't dUdc giu vdi phap luat ve da't dai, the hien qua Luat da't dai 1993 va cac luat da't dai sfla dd'i, cac thdng tu, chi thi, nghi quyd't ciia Dang, Nha nUdc, Chinh phu, eac Bd, Nganh va ve cd ban dUdng ldi, chinh sach cua Dang, Nha nUdc la dflng dan, da dap flng yeu c^u nhidm cua da't nfldc thdi ky dau thflc hien cdng nghiep hda, hien dai boa da't nudc va tinh hinh thflc te DBSCL - TU thflc tien tinh hinh giai quyet va'n de rudng da't b DBSCL thdi gian 1992 2003 cho tha'y, viec giai quyd't va'n dd" rudng Ve viec g i ^ quyet van de rudng dat dat phai gAn vdi Iuat va cac van ban hfldng dan Nhflng bat cap gifla Iuat dat dai vdi eac luat khae, cac ehinh sach kinh te' - xa hdi la mdt can trb ldn va can phai tflng bude dUdc cap nhat giai quyet nham thu ngan khoang each Chinh sach dat dai phai giai quye't tdt mdi quan he gifla dat dai thudc sd hflu toan dan Nha nude quan ly vdi viec cdng dan cd "quyen sfl dung rudng da't', "quyen chuyen nhUdng" va viec cap gi^y chflng nhan ehu quyen Khuye'n khich va tao dieu kien cho ndng dan "don dien, doi thfla" tap trung rudng dat theo ehinh sach cua Nha nflde de phat trien san xuat hang hda, m5 mang nganh nghe; cac hdp tac xa dich vu dUdc giao dat, dflde thue lau dai - Quan Iy Nha nu6c ve dat dai vdi npi dung trgng tam: Xac dinh dia gidi hanh chinh, lap va quan ly ho sd dia gidi hanh chinh, lap ban hanh chinh; Quan ly tai chinh ve da't dai; Quan ly va phat trien thi trUdng quyen sfl dung da't thi trUdng ba't dgng san; Quan ly, giam sat viee thflc hien cac quyen va nghia vu cua ngUdi sfl dung da't; Quan ly eac boat ddng dieh vu cdng ve" dat theo Lugt ddt dai ndm 1993 la hoan toan phu hdp Npi dung quan Iy Nha nUdc ve da't dai dUdc phat tridn va tifng budc hoan thien qua trinh giai quyet van de" rugng da't thdi ky 1992-2003, da gdp phan quan iam ed sd de xay dflng va ban hanh Ludt ddt dai ndm 2003 - Giai quye't va'n de rudng dat phai gan vdi to' chfle san xuat ndng ngbidp nhu bo tri ed ca'u kinh te viing, ed cau cay trong, vat nudi; phat trien cac khu cdng nghiep, khu che xua't, phat trien kinh te trang trai, kinh te' hd tao bfldc chuyen bie'n cho cac lien ket san xua't theo hinh thflc mdi la hdp tac xa dich vu, xi nghiep, cdng ty san xua't ndng nghiep gan vdi tie'n trinh cdng nghiep hda, hien dai boa ndng nghiep va xay dung ndng thdn mdi Va'n de cd tinh dot pha, tao bflde chuyen manh me kinh te ndng nghiep, nong thdn vung DBSCL tfl nam 1992 den nam 2003 la tflng budc khac phuc sii san xuat manh mun, nho le, chuyen sang san xuat tap trung quy md ldn Va, tich tu, tap trung rugng da't la xu hudng khach quan qua trinh phat trien san xua't ndng nghiep d DBSCL Day la mdi trUdng, dieu kien thuan Idi eho flng dung cac tuu khoa hpc - ky thuat vao san xua't nong nghiep, nudi thuy san nha't la sii dung may ndng nghiep, giong cay trong, nang cao nang sua't, hieu qua va tao nen san pham hang hda cha't Ifldng cao, khdi lUdng ldn du sflc canh tranh tren thi trUdng nu6c va qudc te - Trong nhflng nam 1992-2003, la dinh diem cua cac tranh chap, khie'u nai td' cao ve rudng da't d cac tinh DBSCL Tinh hinh tranh chap rudng dat d day khdng chi ndi len nhflng bat cap quan ly, chinh sach dat dai cua Dang, Nha nfldc dd'i vdi vung da't giau tiem nang ma edn la nhflng bat cap cac ehinh sach xa hdi, mdi quan he cdng dan Tinh hinh tranh eha'p, khie'u nai, td' cao ve" quan ly, sfl dung da't dai dUdc Dang, Nha nudc, eae ca'p uy dang, chinh quyen dia phfldng quan tam giai quye't nhung mdt thiic te la tinh cha't, quy md, mflc cac tranh eha'p, khie'u nai, to' eao didn bie'n phflc tap, nhie"u van de mang tinh nhay cam nen it nhieu cd anb budng den ddi sdiig, chinh tri - xa hdi DBSCL Song thiic te cho tha'y, giai quye't td't van de rupng da't da tac ddng manh me den san xuat ndng nghiep San xua't ndng nghidp cl DBSCL dat dinh cao ve dien tieh, nang sua't va san lUdng Gia tri san xuat tren mpt dien tich da't nong nghiep d DBSCL dat tren 20 trieu dong/lha, tang 55% so vdi nam 1990 (16) Vdi ket qua dat dfldc Rghien cflu Ljeh siir so 9.2014 DBSCL da gdp phfin quan trpng binh on lUdng thflc ea nfldc va gdp phdn dUa Vidt Nam vao nhdm cac nfldc xua't kh^u gao va ndng san hang dau tren thd gidi CHU THICH (1) TSng cue thong ke So ddn vi hdnh chinh cd (10) Tinh iiy Tiln Giang, Bdo cdo tinh hinh den 31-12-2007 phdn theo dia phiidng, Nxb Tho'ng gidi quye't tranh chdp ddt dai hai ndm 1988- ke, H^N6i, 2007, t r l l 1989, phiiOng hiidng gidi quye't vd'n di rudng ddt (2) Nghi quye't so 24, cua Ban Chap hanh Trung Udng Dang, Khoa III, thang 8-1975 ve Cai tao XHCN fl miln Nam thdi gian tdi So' 05/BC-TU, M j Tho 123-1990, tr.4 (11) Tac gia thong ke tfl: 1/ Tong cue Tho'ng (3) Nghi quyet 254 cua Ban Chap hfinh Trung k§ Kit qud tong diiu tra nong thdn, ndng nghiep III, 15-7-1976 v l Nhflng vd thuy sdn 2001, Nxb Thong ke Ha Noi, 2003; Udng Dang, Khoa 2/ Tong cue thong Ke, Nien gidm thd'ng ke Viet cong tac trfldc mSt mien Nam (4) Minh Hai g6m hai tinh Ca Mau va Bac Nam 2003, Nxb Thong ke, Ha N6i, 2003; 3/ Tong cue Thong ke (2008, 2009, 2010, 2012), Nien gidm Ligu thong (5) H§u Giang gom tinh Cfin Thd, Soc TrSng, H§u Giang ke 2009, 2010, 2012 tren trang www.gso.gov.vn; 4/Trdn Quo'c Toan, Doi mdi quan he sd hHu da't dai - Ly ludn vd thuc tiin, (6) Nghi quyet 10 thang nSm 1988, Nxb Chinh tri quoc gia - Su that Ha Noi, 2013; chu tritdng: "Tilp tuc hoan thi§n cd c h i khoan san 5/ Vien Nghien cflu dia chinh, Trung tam nghiSn ph^m cuoi cflng d i n nhom vk h6 xa vien, H^p tac cflu ehinh sach phap l u a t da't dai, Cdc chu triiOng xa, t^p do&n san xulit phan cSng lai lao dong theo vdn bdn quy phgm phdp ludt mdi ue chinh sack hudng chuy§n mon h6a, gioi nghe gi lam nghe qudn ly, svC dung ddt dai, Nxb Tu phap, Ha Noi, d6", "Nha nU6c cong nh^n sfl ton tai vk tac dung 2005 tich cflc cua kinh te ca t h i , tu nhan qua trinh di lln CNXH, thfla nhSn ta each phap nhan, bao dam binh dang ve quyin ldi va nghla vu trfl6c phSp iu§t, cl nhflng vflng nhilu dat dai, m^t nfldc chfla khai thac tfly tinh hinh cu t h i ma Nh^ (12) Tong cue Thong ke, So li&u thdng ke Viet Nam the'ky XXI, tap 1, 2, 3, Nxb Thong ke Ha Noi, 2004, tr, 107-118 (13) Tong cue Thong ke: S6'U§u thdng ke Viet nudc c6 the cho thue hoSc giao quyin sfl dung mot Nam theky so'rudng da't cho cac ho ca the tfl nhan d l cho hg to N6i2004, tr, 107-118 chflc san xu^t kinh doanh., " (14) Tong cue tho'ng ke, Ket qud tong diiu tra (7) Nguyin Thanh Nam, Van de rugng ddt d DBSCL (1975-1993), Luan an tien si, 1999, tr.l03 (8) Tinh liy An Giang, Bdo cdo gidi quyet dat dai vd tinh kinh hpp tdc hoa d An Giang, So (9) Ban Kinh t l Tinh uy Dong Thap, Bdo cdo Ddng Thdp, nam 1990, tr.2 nong thon, ndng nghiep vd thuy sdn 2006, Nxb The'ng ke Ha Npi, 2006, tr 27-45, (15) Tong cue tho'ng ke, Ke't qud tdng diiu tra nong thon, ndng nghiep vd thuy sdn 2006, Nxb Thong ke Ha N5i, 2006, tr.43 143/BC, Long Xuyen 30-10-1989, tr.4 sa ke't tinh hinh hdp tdc hda ndng nghiep XXI, tap 1, -J., 3, Nxb Thong ke, Ha tinh (16) Tong cue thong kfi, Ke't qud tdng dieu tra ndng thdn, nong nghiip vd thuy sdn 2006, Nxb Thong ke, Ha Noi, 2006, tr 374-375