Reported speech- AV12

Monday, July 21st 2008 REPORTED SPEECH (CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT) I ĐỊNH NGHĨA: Reported speech thuật lại lời người với nội dung khơng đổi ngữ liệu thay đổi Reporting verb Tom says: “ I am hungry” Tom says that he is hungry Direct speech Indirect speech II.CÁCH ĐỔI: a Khi reporting verb ta đổi yếu tố (pronouns : đại từ ) -Ngôi thứ ( I, we, me, us , my, our , myself, ourselves ) đổi theo người nói Ex: He says to me: “ I spent all my money ” He tells me that he spent all his money She says : “ I have cut myself” She says that she has cut herself -Ngôi thứ hai ( you, your, yours , yourself) đổi theo người nghe Ex: He says to her: “ you look very nice” He tells her that she looks very nice He says to her : “ i will give you a gift” He tells her that he will give her a gift She speaks to me: “ I want to borrow your pen” She tells me that she wants to borrow my pen -Ngôi thứ ba (he, she , it , they …) giữ nguyên Ex: 1.My mother says:“He wants to marry his girlfriend” My mother says that he wants to marry his girlfriend He says : “ They asked her for some money” He says that they asked her for some money b Khi reporting verb khứ ta đổi yếu tố : pronouns, verb tenses , adverbs Ex: Tom said: “ I am hungry” Tom said that he was hungry Mary said to me: “ I am broke” Mary told me that she was broke - Quy tắc lùi • • • • • • • Simple present → past simple Present progressive → past progressive Present perfect →past perfect Past simple →past perfect Past progressive →past perfect progressive Will → would Can → could - Cách đổi trạng từ thời gian nơi chốn • • • • Now → then Today → that day Yesterday → the day before / the previous day Last (month) → the (month) before / the previous (month) …) • tomorrow → the following day / the next day/ the day after • Next (month ) → the following month / the next month / the month after • • • • This → that These → those Here → there Yesterday (morning) → the (morning) before / the previous (morning ) • Two days ago → two days before • Tomorrow (morning) → the following (morning) / the (morning) after III ĐỔI CÁC LOẠI CÂU: STATEMENTS : CÂU KỂ (a)The boy said : “ I have a German lesson this afternoon” The boy said that he had a German lesson that afternoon (b) I said to her : “ I have something to show you” I told her that I had something to show her S + said told + O + that + S + V lùi IMPERATIVE(CÂU MỆNH LỆNH) 2.1 affirmative imperative (a)The teacher said: “Go to the blackboard ,John” The teacher told John to go to the blackboard (b)She said to her friend:”play the piano, please” She asked her friend to play the piano S + told asked + (bảo, yêu cầu) O + V-to 2.2 negative imperative: (a) He said to his classmate: “Don’t close this door” He asked his classmate not to close that door (b) The teacher said to his student: “Don’t be late tomorrow” The teacher told his student not to be late the following day S + told asked + O (bảo, yêu cầu) + NOT + V-to (đừng ) NOTE: • Các động từ thường dùng cấu trúc là: tell, ask, order, command ,advise , encourage, remind, warn REPORTED SPEECH WITH GERUNDS “It was nice of you to help me Thank you very much,” Tom said to you Tom thanked me for helping him Note: -Thank someone for(doing) something : cám ơn điều -Congratulate s.one on (doing) st : chúc mừng điều -insist on (doing) st : khăng khăng làm việc -apologize to s.one for (doing ) st : xin lỗi việc -Accuse s.one of (doing) st : kết tội việc -dream of (doing) st : mơ làm việc -Warn s.one against (doing) st / warn s.one not to st : cảnh báo đừng làm - Prevent s.one from (doing) st : ngăn cản khơng cho làm Task1: Transformation “Congratulation! You’ve got engaged ,Paula” I said Paula on having got engaged I congratulated … “You damaged my new CD ,”Mary said to me of damaging her new CD Mary accused me … “Let me pay for the meal,” Ben said to me on paying for the meal Ben insisted … “How about meeting in front of the cinema?” meeting in front of the cinema Pat suggested … Task 2: “we’ll come back again” They promised … “you had better not swim too far from the shore” the lifeguard said to us The lifeguard advised … “could you close the window?” John said to Peter John asked … “you should join the football team, Eric”said the teacher The teacher encouraged … “I’ll give it to him tomorrow” John said John promised … “I’d like Lan to become a doctor,”my mum said My mum wanted … “remember to lock the door before going to school,”my sister said My sister reminded … “you should go home and rest for a while,”said the boss His boss advised …  ...I ĐỊNH NGHĨA: Reported speech thuật lại lời người với nội dung không đổi ngữ liệu thay đổi Reporting verb Tom... Các động từ thường dùng cấu trúc là: tell, ask, order, command ,advise , encourage, remind, warn REPORTED SPEECH WITH GERUNDS “It was nice of you to help me Thank you very much,” Tom said to you