cach nhan dang reported speech

Tenses: a, Changes: Verbs used in direct speech often change their tense in reported speech, especially when the" reporting" verb in the past Back one tense Eg: " I'll put the letters i

Reported speech ( §Æng V¨n D¬ng - Trêng THCS §¹i Tù - Yªn l¹c - VÜnh Phóc)

1 Tenses:

a, Changes: Verbs used in direct speech often change their tense in reported speech, especially when the" reporting" verb in the past

( Back one tense)

Eg: " I'll put the letters in the post", said he

=> He said he would put the letters in the post

b, No changes:

Some verbs tenses used in direct speech do not change in reported speech The" reporting" verb is often in the present tense

- Reporting a present state of affairs

Eg: " The cost of living here is high"

=> The reporter says /said that the cost of living here is high

- Reporting things which are always true

Eg: " It's always cold at this time of year"

=> He says it's always cold at this time of year

- Reporting something which we believe/ someone believes will happen

- They are the modal structures: Would, could, might, ought to, should,

Eg: She said," You might be mistaken"

=> She said that he might be mistaken

- Conditional type 2,

- Structures: Would rather, as time, as if, as though, it's time

Eg: "I wish he were here now"

=> She wished he were there then

" I'd rather we ate out"

=> She'd rather they ate out

2 Reporting statements:

a, Verb ( + that)

( say, claim, admit, explain, insist, agree, complain, deny, reply, etc)

Eg: " I'm an art student"

=> He said ( that) he was an art student

b, Verb + pronoun/ noun + (that)

Eg: " I am a teacher"

=> She told him ( that) she was a teacher

c, Verb + To-infinitive

( offer, refuse, agree, promise, ect)

Eg: " I'll take you to the dance"

=> He offered to take her to the dance

d, Verb + for + V-ing

( apologize, thank, etc)

Eg: " I'm sorry I broke this vase"

=> My child apologized for breaking that vase

3 Reporting requests and orders:

Eg1: " Close the door, please"

=> He asked me to close the door

Eg2: " Don't move"

=> The policeman ordered the burglar not to move

Eg3: " Attack"

=> The Captain ordered his soldiers to attack

4 Reporting questions:

a, Have question words: what where, who,ect

Eg: How much money do you have?"

=> My girl friend asked how much money I had

b, No question words, we use IF or WHETHER

Eg1: " Are you tired?"

=> My mother asked if I were tired.

Eg2: " Do you want the car or not?"

=> My elder brother wondered whether I wanted the car or not

5 Reporting suggestions:

Suggest + V-ing

+ that + S + should + V(bare)

+ that + S + V (bare)

Eg: " Let's go home"

=> He suggested going home

that they should go home

that they go home

6 Exclamation:

What + Noun/ noun phrase!

How + Adj/ adv + clause!

Eg1: " What an intelligent boy!"

=> She exclaimed that he was such an intelligent boy

E2: " How beautiful she is!"

=> He exclaimed that she was so/ very beautiful

Eg3: " How quickly he runs!"

=> They exclaimed that he ran very quickly

7 Some points to notice about reported speech:

- The pronoun often changes: you => I, she, he/ we => they

- Words like: "please" and" now" disappear

8 Other forms:

a, advised - advice:

- Had better

- Should

- Why don't you => advised smb to do smt

- if I were you

- Ought to

- If I were in your place/ situation/ position

b, Suggested - suggestion:

- How about

- What about => suggested that smb should do smt

- Why don't we doing smt

- Let's do smt

c, offer:

- Shall I do smt for you

- Let's me do smt for you => offered to do smt

- Would you like me to do smt for you

- I will do smt for you if you like

d, Asking for permission:

- Do you mind if I do smt

- Would you mind If I did smt => asked smb for permission to do smt

- Is it alright if

e, Reminding:

Don't forget/ remember to do smt

=> reminded smb to do smt

f, Invitation:

- Would you like smt

- Have smt => offered smb smt

- Will you have smt

- Would you like to do smt => invited smb to do smt

- Could you do smt

Eg1: "Would you like a cigarette"

=> He offered me a cigarette

Eg2: " Would you like to go to the cinema with me tonight?"

=> He invited her to go to the cinema with him that night.

g, Imperative:

- Would you/ Do you mind doing smt

- I think you could

- I wonder if you => asked/ offered

- Would you be so kind to do smt requested

- I would be very grateful if you could do smt

smb to do smt

h, Thanks:

-" Happy new year"

=> She wished me a happy new year

- " Congratulation!"

=> He congratulated me on passing the exam

i,To be sorry for smt

=> Apologize for doing smt

Eg: " I am sorry for being late"

=> He apologized for being late

j, Greeting:

" Good morning"

=> He greeted me/ He said hello to me