I MODAL VERB + BARE INFINITIVE ( IN THE FUTURE, PRESENT or PAST TIME ) (PASSIVE VOICE: MODAL VERB +BE +PP) 1Ability Availability ( Diễn tả khả năng có sẵn, khả năng tuyệt đối) future: will be able to present: can, amisare able to past: could, waswere able to 2 Requests ( Lời đề nghị) presentfuture: can, could, will, would 3 Permission ( Sự cho phép) future: will be allowed to presentfuture: may, can, could, amisare allowed to past: could, waswere allowed to 4 Possibility(Sự có thể xảy ra) presentfuture: may, might, could past: may have, might have, could have 5 Impossibility(Sự không thể xảy ra) presentfuture: couldn’t, can’t past: couldn’t have 6 Advisability(Sự khuyên nhủ) presentfuture: should, ought to, had better past: should have, ought to have, had better have 7 Expectation(Sự mong đợi) presentfuture: should, ought to past: should have, ought to have 8 Necessity (Sự cần thiết) future: will have to presentfuture: must, have to, has to past: had to 9 Lack of Necessity (Sự không cần thiết) future: won’t have to presentfuture: don’t have to, doesn’t have to past: didn’t have to 10 Prohibition (Sự cấm đoán) present
Trang 1I/ MODAL VERB + BARE INFINITIVE ( IN THE FUTURE, PRESENT or PAST TIME )
(PASSIVE VOICE: MODAL VERB +BE +PP)
1/Ability /Availability ( Diễn tả khả năng có
sẵn, khả năng tuyệt đối)
future: will be able to
present: can, am/is/are able to
past: could, was/were able to
2/ Requests ( Lời đề nghị)
present/future: can, could, will, would
3/ Permission ( Sự cho phép)
future: will be allowed to
present/future: may, can, could, am/is/are
allowed to
past: could, was/were allowed to
4/ Possibility(Sự có thể xảy ra)
present/future: may, might, could
past: may have, might have, could have
5/ Impossibility(Sự không thể xảy ra)
present/future: couldn’t, can’t
past: couldn’t have
6/ Advisability(Sự khuyên nhủ)
present/future: should, ought to, had better
past: should have, ought to have, had better
have
7/ Expectation(Sự mong đợi)
present/future: should, ought to
past: should have, ought to have
8/ Necessity (Sự cần thiết)
future: will have to
present/future: must, have to, has to
past: had to
9/ Lack of Necessity (Sự không cần thiết)
future: won’t have to
present/future: don’t have to, doesn’t have to
past: didn’t have to
10/ Prohibition (Sự cấm đoán)
present/future: must not, may not, cannot past: could not
11/ Logical Deduction (=Probability) (Sự suy diễn hợp lý_Chắc hẳn)
present: must, have to, has to past: must have, have to have, has to have NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH TÓM LƯỢC – BÀI 15
MODAL VERBS IN ACTIVE OR PASSIVE
Trang 2II/ MODAL VERB +HAVE +PP (Diễn tả một hành động đáng lẽ ra đã thực hiện trong quá khứ nhưng không)
(PASSIVE VOICE: MODAL VERB +HAVE + BEEN +PP)
1/Must + have + PP→chắc hẳn đã(diễn tả một sự suy đoán hợp lý từ quá khứ)
2/Should + have +PP→đáng lẽ ra nên làm trong quá khứ nhưng không
3/Could/ Might + have +PP→diễn tả một khả năng không được thực hiện trong quá khứ
4/Needn’t + have+PP→diễn tả một sự không cần thiết thực hiện trong quá khứ
EXERCISES:
CHOOSE THE BEST MODAL TO COMPLETE EACH OF THESE SENTENCES
1 I'm not sure I ………… come a few minutes late
2 Bring your umbrella It ……… rain later today
3 – What are you doing this weekend \?
– I haven't decided yet I ……… go on a picnic with my family
4 I think we ………… be on time for the meeting after all, so don't worry
5 – Do you think they will come today?
– Well, they ……… come today But I think they'll want to look around first
6 You ……… wash the car I just had it done yesterday
7 "Have you seen Jack?" – "No but he …… be studying in the laboratory."
8 It's secret You ……… let anyone know about it
9 "I didn't have time for breakfast this morning."
"You ……… be very hungry now"
1 She _ be ill I have just seen her playing basket ball in the school yard
2 Hiking the trail to the peak be dangerous if you are not well prepared for dramatic weather changes You _ research the route a little more before you attempt the ascent
a might / can b may / mustn't c can / should d must / needn't
3 Peter has been working for 10 hours He _ be very tired now
4 He is unreliable What he says _ be believed
5 I _ find my own way there You _ wait for me
a should / can't b have to / must c can / needn't d might/mustn't
Trang 36 I was reading the book last night before I went to bed I never took it out of this room It be lying around here somewhere Where _ it be?
a might / needn't b can / should c shouldn't / may d must / can
7 When you have a small child in the house, you leave small objects lying around Such objects _ be swallowed, causing serious injury or even death
a should / must b should not / might c needn't / may d mustn't / can't
8 Frank's wallet is lying on the coffee table He _ it here last night
a must have left b should have left c must be leaving d needn't leave
9 Jenny's engagement ring was precious! It _ have cost a fortune
10 You take your umbrella along with you today It _ rain later on this afternoon
a ought to / mustn't b needn't / will c will / must d should/might
20 I _ be at the meeting by 10:00 I will probably _ take a taxi if I want to be on time
a must/ have to b mustn't / shouldn't c should / needn't d may / must
21 You _ forget to pay the rent tomorrow The landlord is very strict about paying on time
22 The television isn't working It _ during the move
a should have been damaged b needn't be damaged
c must have been damaged d ought not be damaged
23 I am not deaf You _ shout
24 John failed again He _ harder
a must have tried b should have tried c can tried d may have tried
25 _ I borrow your lighter for a minute?
- Sure, no problem Actually, you _ keep it if you want to
a May / can b Must / might c Will / should d.Might / needn’t
26 I do not mind at all You _ apologize
27 Ted's flight from Amsterdam took more than 11 hours He _ exhausted after such a long flight now
a must be b must be being c must have been d should have been
28 The lamp _ be broken Maybe the light bulb just burned out
29 It is a top secret You _ tell anyone about it
30 We have plenty of time for doing the work We _ be hurried
31 I _ be at the meeting by 10:00 I will probably _ take a taxi if I want to be on time
a must/ have to b mustn't / shouldn't c should / needn't d may / must
32 You _ forget to pay the rent tomorrow The landlord is very strict about paying on time
Trang 433 The television isn't working It _ during the move
a should have been damaged b needn't be damaged
c must have been damaged d ought not be damaged
34 I am not deaf You _ shout
35 John failed again He _ harder
a must have tried b should have tried c can tried d may have tried