ĐỤC-LỖĐỌC-HIỂU_-MÔI-TRƯỜNG (1)

NGÂN HÀNG TRẮC NGHIỆM TU VUNG THEO CHU DE - QUYẾT DÀNH 8+ TIẾNG ANH THPT QG MAN & ENVIRONMENT (cloze text + reading comprehension) CLOZE TEXT 01 Polar Bears – Physical Characteristics The polar bear is the largest terrestrial(1) .Adults males can measure more than nine feet(2) length and weigh between 770 and 1,430 pounds The bear‟s body and neck are elongated, and the head is narrow and long with small rounded ears The polar bear‟s coat,(3) its body completely except for the nose and foot pads, is superbly adapted to Arctic(4) .Along with a thick layer of body fat, the water-(5) _coat insulates the bear from cold air and water It also serves(6) _camouflage; in fact, polar bears can sometimes pass as snow drifts The fur is 95 percent efficient in converting ultraviolet sun rays into(7) _heat Its (8) hairs have a hollow inner core which scatters ultra-violet light by some unknown(9) , converting it into heat when it reaches the bear‟s black skin Surprisingly, the fur has no white pigment; it is the reflection of the sun that cause the fur to(10) _white A predators B carnivore C vegetarian D herbivore A to B of C at D in A covers B is covering C covering D covered A environment B snow C iceberg D glacier A prove B repellent C borne D tight A for B from C as D in A usable B useful C useless D used A white B thick C long D transparent A technique B method C mechanism D means 10 A become B appear C remain D be CLOZE TEXT 02 How far would you travel for a good meal? If you were a humpback whale, the answer would be five thousand miles These large sea animals travel at least that far from their winter home off the(1) of Columbia to their summer(2) _ areas off Antarctica The distance covered by some types of whale is amazing, especially when you (3) their enormous size The blue whale is the largest animal that has ever (4) _And it can weigh as much as thirty elephants It (5) _as no surprise, therefore, to hear the ancient folk legends tell of sailors (6) _These creatures for islands The more we (7) about whales, the more wonderful they seem Some species can (8) _Their breath for more than an hour and dive to a (9) of over 2, 000 meters They use a system of sounds (10) as acho-location to find the fish they eat and they have further sounds to keep in(11) _ with each other The noises they (12) _of number of separate themes, sung in a specific which can (13) up to half an hour or more If you ever get the (14) _to see one of these great creatures in the wild, you will understand why they have inspired so many legends A beach B coast C seaside D ground A feeding B dining C eating D chewing A view B think C consider D believe A been B stayed C born D lived A gets B comes C goes D seems A supposing B mixing C confusing D mistaking A find out B look out C show up D turn up By: Ms Thanh Tam Tel: 098.417.4003 Lớp Anh – ôn thi ĐH 8+, số 36, hẻm 178/45/16 ngõ 178 Tây Sơn, Đống Đa, Hà Nội Page NGÂN HÀNG TRẮC NGHIỆM TU VUNG THEO CHU DE - QUYẾT DÀNH 8+ TIẾNG ANH THPT QG A store B keep C hold D save A depth B length C width D breadth 10 A called B known C referred D named 11 A reach B touch C call D range 12 A consist B compose C include D involve 13 A long B last C play D give 14 A break B choice C chance D luck CLOZE TEXT 03 All over the world, people are changing the face of the earth Wild areas are cleared for farming and to build roads and expand cities Our factories, cars and power stations poison the (1) with polluting gases and chemical waste As well as transforming the environment, we are destroying habitats, the home of (2) plants and animals Living things have evolved over millions of years Many animals and plants can only (3) in certain environments When such areas are destroyed, wildlife cannot always (4) to the new conditions and some species may (5) out Thousands of species of plants and animals face extinction because of human activities People can also (6) from habitat destruction When forests are cut down, earth is washed away This causes crop failures and starvation There is the future to consider, too; plants provide essential foods and can also be used in medicines If species (7) extinct, their potential value will never be known The scale of destruction is enormous Swamps, forests, grasslands and jungles are being cleared at an increasing extend Half of the world‟s tropical rainforests have (8) _ been destroyed Coral reefs, called the forests of the ocean because they are so rich in life, are (9) _ around the world We must limit the damage to habitats now (10) they remain a valuable resource for the future A floor B place C ground D environment A both B each C every D either A go B attend C survive D persist A adapt B use C stand D bear A fade B die C give D run A fill B damage C suffer D experience A get B die C result D become A still B even C already D yet A spoilt B violated C washed D threatened 10 A so that B in case C in order to D as a result CLOZE TEXT 04 Every ten minutes, one kind of animal, plant or insect dies (1) _forever If nothing is done about it, one million species that are alive today will have become (2) in 20 years from now The seas are in (3) _.They are being filled with poison: industrial and nuclear waste and chemical (4) .We should something immediately or nothing will be able to live in the sea Many hectares of forests are being (5) _everyday The bad effect on the world‟s climate and on our agriculture will be serious The (6) of forests and hunting have killed many kinds of wild animals Fortunately, the World Wildlife Fund was (7) _ in 1961 There were some people who wanted to raise money to (8) animals and plants from extinction Today, the World Wildlife Fund has become a large international (9) _ It has had 35 million conservation projects and protected many kinds of wild animals (10) _extinction A up B out C of D from A poor B important C death D extinct A danger B dangered C dangerous D dangerously A fertile B fertilize C fertilizers D fertilization A saved B grown C destroyed D crushed A disappearance B appearance C growth D conservation By: Ms Thanh Tam Tel: 098.417.4003 Lớp Anh – ôn thi ĐH 8+, số 36, hẻm 178/45/16 ngõ 178 Tây Sơn, Đống Đa, Hà Nội Page NGÂN HÀNG TRẮC NGHIỆM TU VUNG THEO CHU DE - QUYẾT DÀNH 8+ TIẾNG ANH THPT QG A find B found C founded D fund A distribute B occupy C bring D save A hold B organization C destruction D preservation 10 A from B out C for D of CLOZE TEXT 05 A desert is a special(1) where only certain kinds of plants and animals can survive All deserts have very little water This means that only animals and plants that can (2) water for long periods of time can exist in the desert Plants in the deserts are particularly(3) to the dry and hot environment One wellknown desert plant is the cactus (4) _ many desert plants, this plant has very tiny leaves As plants lose most of their water (5) their leaves, the small leaves of the cactus help to cut down water evaporation There are some desert plants that not have leaves at all Some desert plants survive by avoiding the dry season(6) .During the dry season, this plant remains as a seed and does not (7) _from the soil at all When the rains come, this seed would grow very quickly into a plant It would bloom rapidly and then (8) _its seeds before the dry season return Desert animals have also learnt to adapt well to life in this region The camel, for example, (9) _well in the desert because water can be stored in its body Other desert animals include rodents such as mice These animals need very little water as they can get all the water they (10) _from their food 1.A section B district C part D region A without B keep off C stay away D give up A convenient B adjusted C regulated D adapted 4.A as B similar C like D just as A by B through C out of D from A totally B entirely C altogether D wholly 7.A rise B arise C awake D emerge 8.A scatter B throw C fling D cast A exists B survives C remains D subsists 10.A demand B require C request D ask for CLOZE TEXT 06 Poachers have struck again at the Mountain Gorilla, throughout one of the world‟s (1) _animals The Gorillas – fewer than 250 – live in scattered family groups throughout the forest on the slopes of three extinct volcanoes Each group is normally led by a (2) _male who may weigh up to 130 kilos and is easily recognized by the stripe of silver which appears when he is fully mature The poachers speared the male to death as he tried to defend his family and then made off with a baby gorilla whose mother is missing and also (3) dead With so few gorillas left, even with one, death is serious blow, especially when a silver black made is lost With no dominant male to lead them, the rest of the group will probably split up and join other groups Twenty five years ago there were perhaps 500 gorillas in these high mountain forests Today their number has been(4) _, not just by poaching but by human (5) _in all its forms Illegal wood cutting, cattle-grazing and farming have reduced the park to a small strip The government is now trying to protect the gorillas to (6) _their survival One of the most successful operations has been to (7) _a group of wild gorillas to the presence of tourists, who are (8) to pay handsomely and to endure considerable(9) , crawling through dense undergrowth for a glimpse of these, our (10) _living relatives A rarely B rarest C rareliest D rare A dominating B domination C dominant D dominantly A presuming B presumption C presumely D presumed A halved B half C halfed D halfing A interfere B interfering C interference D interferation By: Ms Thanh Tam Tel: 098.417.4003 Lớp Anh – ôn thi ĐH 8+, số 36, hẻm 178/45/16 ngõ 178 Tây Sơn, Đống Đa, Hà Nội Page NGÂN HÀNG TRẮC NGHIỆM TU VUNG THEO CHU DE - QUYẾT DÀNH 8+ TIẾNG ANH THPT QG A assure B ensure C reassure D insure A habit B habitate C habitual D habituate A preparing B prepared C preparable D preparedly A hard B hardness C hardship D hardwork 10 A closest B closely C closing D close CLOZE TEXT 07 In the U.S., industries that generate hazardous wastes want to dispose of them as cheaply as possible Private companies hired to dispose of these wastes compete with each other to offer the lowest prices to these industries The government does not get involved, beyond setting the minimum safety standards Unfortunately, the (1) _of companies that generate and dispose of waste is to save money, (2) to guarantee safety These companies usually send wastes to landfills because it is cheaper than recycling or incineration Disposal firms who want to increase their business must cut corners to lower costs and (3) customers At the same time, relatively (4) is done to reduce the volume of waste generated, because disposal cost (5) _ relatively modest Things are different in Denmark The government there (6) _ in the waste disposal process from the beginning (7) _ the front end Together with industry, the government formed a corporation to establish and (8) waste disposal facilities This company, called Kommunichem, has a (9) on waste disposal Generators of hazardous waste (10) ship their waste to one of Kommunichem‟s disposal business A solution B license C goals D objective A not B just C besides D something A survive B efficient C gain D prosper A more B this C recycling D little A still B have C remain D cheap A interferes B participates C involves D control A to B by C of D at A operate B found C prepare D generate A power B profit C monopoly D responsibility 10.A.will B may C shall D must CLOZE TEXT 08 In AD 79, Mount Vesuvius erupted, sending out a huge cloud of dust and rock that darkened the sky It came without warning, and the (1) _of the explosion was so great that it was felt from hundreds miles away In the town of Pompeii, at the foot of the volcano, the inhabitants picked up whatever belongings they (2) _carry and made for the open countryside In the terrible storm that followed, dust and rock from the volcano rained down onto the town, filling the streets with deep layers of ash and poisonous gas, (3) _it impossible for the people to get away The town of Pompeii was completely destroyed by the rain of death, and (4) _lost to the world for centuries Excavation work did not begin (5) 1748, when Rocco Alcubierre found some wall paintings while he was digging at the site In the years that followed, archaeologists realized that they had (6) one of the most astonishing ruins of all time Almost everything in Pompeii had been (7) _preserved Several houses still had their roofs, and inside the furniture and the decorations were (8) as they had been centuries earlier There were also the remains of over 2,000 people Some of the (9) _had made the mistake of sheltering in their cellars, where they were killed by poisonous gases form the volcano Others had been (10) _from escaping, and in the prison were men who had been chained to the wall and left to die A energy B fuel C power D efficiency A managed B succeeded C achieved D could A having B leaving C making D turning A lay B lied C laid D lain A by B until C for D since By: Ms Thanh Tam Tel: 098.417.4003 Lớp Anh – ôn thi ĐH 8+, số 36, hẻm 178/45/16 ngõ 178 Tây Sơn, Đống Đa, Hà Nội Page NGÂN HÀNG TRẮC NGHIỆM TU VUNG THEO CHU DE - QUYẾT DÀNH 8+ TIẾNG ANH THPT QG A come up B come across C come over D come on A exactly B perfectly C accurately D precisely A same B alike C just D similar A injured B victims C sufferers D deaths 10 A avoided B blocked C arrested D prevented CLOZE TEXT 09 The wind controls our planet's weather and climate But how much we understand about this complex force (1) can kill and spread fear? On the night of October 15, 1987, the south of England was (2) by strong wind Gusts of over 130 km/h (3) through the region Nineteen people were killed, 1,5-billion pounds worth of damage was (4) and 19 million trees were blown down in just a few hours Although people thought of this (5) a hurricane, the winds of 1987 were only a (6) storm They remain far better known than the much more serious storms of January 25, 1990, (7) most of Britain was hit by daytime winds of up to 173 km/h On this occasion, 47 people were killed, even though, (8) in 1987, the weather forecasters issued accurate warnings Extreme weather events such as these are dramatic (9) of the power of the wind It is one part of the weather that people generally not give a second (10) to, but across the world the wind plays a crucial role in people's lives A what B which C when D where A attacked B besieged C struck D beaten 3: A ran B blew C flew D spread 4: A paid B created C resulted D caused 5: A like B unlike C same as D as 6: A strength B length C power D force 7: A until B why C when D while 8: A when B like C unlike D such as 9: A recalls B remains C memories D reminders 10: A help B think C care D thought CLOZE TEXT 10 Bermuda (1) in the Western Atlantic Ocean some 800 miles east of North Carolina and 3,000 miles west of Europe It consists of a group of approximately 160 closely-knit islands of which the seven largest are (2) _together by bridges and causeways forming "Mainland" Bermuda, roughly 22 miles long, with an average width of half to one mile On the map, Bermuda(3) _ a scorpion or a fish-hook Bermuda is the(4) _ of a submarine volcano that exploded into life some 100 million years ago Coral reefs almost entirely surround the islands, proving treacherous to shipping during the last three hundred years, but creating beautifully calm (5) _waters for bathers, snorkelers and scuba divers as well as a (6) for fishing enthusiasts There are no freshwater streams in Bermuda so that Bermudians are forced to rely on rainwater or, in times of drought, imported water Every house on the island has a white lime-washed roof on which the rain is caught and (7) _into a tank The government and some of the larger hotels operate desalination plants In the late 18th century the tourist, trade came to Bermuda - since when it has grown increasingly (8) _and today tourism is the island's single most important revenue(9) _ Bermuda is the oldest (10) colony of Britain with the third oldest parliament in the world A stands B lies C locates D poses A put B grouped C linked D rounded A resembles B resets C follows after D duplicates A summit B head C tip D crown A inshore B ashore C inland D off-shore A paradise B wonder C ideal D perfection A transported B channeled C travelled D flowed By: Ms Thanh Tam Tel: 098.417.4003 Lớp Anh – ôn thi ĐH 8+, số 36, hẻm 178/45/16 ngõ 178 Tây Sơn, Đống Đa, Hà Nội Page NGÂN HÀNG TRẮC NGHIỆM TU VUNG THEO CHU DE - QUYẾT DÀNH 8+ TIẾNG ANH THPT QG A useful B profitable C beneficial D fruitful A producer B winner C earner D gatherer 10 A self-operating B self-acting C self-possessed D self-governing CLOZE TEXT 11 Like many of Africa‟s large mammals, giraffes have (1) _in numbers and in range over the last century At one time (2) of over 100 animals were common in savanna regions across the continent, however, today concentrations like these (3) _only in East Africa particularly Tanzania Serengeti National Park The decline of giraffe populations has largely (4) hunting In Africa, the giraffe is a traditional source of hide and hair and also of tough but (5) _meat Hunting of giraffes has not yet had a catastrophic effect, (6) _on some of Africa‟s big-game animals, but it is a cause for concern The natural habitat of the giraffe is also being impacted more and more by human activities, (7) _the animals range The giraffe is currently a (8) _species throughout most of its range and is classed as conservationdependent by the World Conservation Union The giraffes prospects for survival are good for (9) _living in national parks and game reserves, but for animals living outside these areas the future is (10) _secure A declined B limited C destroyed D raised A flocks B herds C schools D bunches A grow B find C occur D exist A despite B owning C due to D because A fresh B nutritious C sausage D luncheon A like it does B like it has C as it does D as it has A reducing B controlling C extending D providing A protecting B protective C protected D protection A ones B those C that D what 10 A few B fewer C little D less CLOZE TEXT 12 The warming of the Pacific Ocean has created weather patterns (1) strongly affect the world When the water is warm, the (2) of rainfall in Indonesia and the (3) regions decreases Australia could (4) experience a drought in many parts On (5) hand, Chile (which borders the Pacific Ocean) is preparing for (6) rainstorms In Pakistan and northwestern India, the weather pattern (7) _the rainy season weaker and makes the area much drier This happening is called El Nino and is used (8) weather forecasters to make long-range weather predictions They also know that El Nino will (9) unusually (10) _rains to the southwestern part of the United States and make the central part of the country drier at the same time (11) _to research, weather forecasters (12) know about the coming weather with certainty Now everything has become completely different El Nino (13) _used to be (14) It would occur every two to seven years But now, this weather pattern is becoming more frequent We cannot say when and (15) often tornadoes or cyclones occur Scientists are unsure of the reason for this change on a global scale either A that B when C what D whether A deal B figure C number D amount A others B another C surrounding D near A however B even C ever D nevertheless A the other B another C other D others A angry B strict C severe D cruel A proved B came C made D makes A by B to C at D on A bring B fetch C carry D take 10 A great B wide C heavy D bad 11 A in order B according C due D even By: Ms Thanh Tam Tel: 098.417.4003 Lớp Anh – ôn thi ĐH 8+, số 36, hẻm 178/45/16 ngõ 178 Tây Sơn, Đống Đa, Hà Nội Page NGÂN HÀNG TRẮC NGHIỆM TU VUNG THEO CHU DE - QUYẾT DÀNH 8+ TIẾNG ANH THPT QG 12 A used to B get used to C used to be D are used to 13 A himself B herself C itself D myself 14 A incredible B predictable C remarkable D notable 15 A why B what C when D how CLOZE TEXT 13 Wind, water, air, ice and heat all work to cause erosion As the wind blows over the land, it often (1) small grains of sand When these grains of sand strike against solid rocks, the rocks are slowly worn away In this way, (2) very hard rocks are worn away by the wind When particles of rocks or soil became loosened in any way, running water carries them down the (3) Some rocks and soil particles are carried into streams and then into the sea Land that is covered with trees, grass and other plants wears away very slowly, and so loses very (4) of its soil The roots of plants help to (5) the rocks and soil in place Water that falls on grasslands runs away more slowly than water that falls on bare ground Thus, forests and grasslands (6) to slow down erosion Even where the land is (7) covered with plants, some erosion goes on In the spring, the (8) snow turns into a large quantity of water that then runs downhill in streams (9) a stream carries away some of the soil, the stream bed gets deeper and deeper (10) thousands of years of such erosion, wide valleys are often formed A cleans out B picks up C carries out D holds up A still B such C even D though A borders B topside C backside D hillsides A large B little C few D much A hold B back C stay D store A help B aid C assist D facilitate A strongly B thickly C thinly D scarcely A melted B melting C building D formed A Although B Till C As D Until 10 A After B During C Among D In CLOZE TEXT 14 THE TRADE IN RHINO HORN Last year thieves broke into a Scottish castle and stole one thing: a rhino horn, at 1.5 metres, was the longest in the world In China pharmaceutical factories have been building up (1) _of antiques made from rhino horn, for the sole intention of mashing them to powder to make the (2) ingredient of many of their medicines And in Africa poachers continue to die in the(3) _ for black rhino Recently, conservationists met to (4) a campaign to persuade countries where rhino horn is still part of the traditional medicine to switch to substitutes The biggest (5) _to the survival of the rhinoceros is the refusal of certain countries to enforce a ban on domestic (6) in rhino horn The rhino horn is included in many aids for disorders ranging from fevers to nosebleeds Horn, like the fingernails, is made of keratin has no proven medicinal (7) Traditional substitutes, such as horn from buffalo or antelope, are regarded as second best The battle is (8) to be winnable But it may be harder than the battle against the trade in ivory, for there is a (9) _between the two commodities Ivory is a luxury; rhino horn, people believe, could (10) _the life of their child A bundles B collections C amounts D groups A real B actual C essential D true By: Ms Thanh Tam Tel: 098.417.4003 Lớp Anh – ôn thi ĐH 8+, số 36, hẻm 178/45/16 ngõ 178 Tây Sơn, Đống Đa, Hà Nội Page NGÂN HÀNG TRẮC NGHIỆM TU VUNG THEO CHU DE - QUYẾT DÀNH 8+ TIẾNG ANH THPT QG A tight B chance C search D race A design B plan C programme D form A threat B danger C disaster D menace A business B commerce C selling D trading A capacity B property C control D powers A thought B dreamed C imagined D viewed A variation B comparison C gap D difference 10 A make B save C help D survive CLOZE TEXT 15 When rainforests are cleared and (1) _ millions of tons of carbon dioxide are released into the atmosphere affecting climatic conditions and threatening us all (2) _ severe flooding, drought and crop failure The rainforests (3) at least half of the Earth's species At the current rate of devastation a(n) (4) 50 species worldwide become extinct every day One in four purchases from our chemists is derived from the rainforests Scientists are (5) _caught in a race against time to find rainforest treatments for cancer, AIDS and heart disease before they are (6) _forever Tribal people in the rainforests have been shot, poisoned and infected with disease to which they have no resistance - to make room for logging, mining and dams If this destruction continues, only nine (7) _the 33 countries currently exporting rainforest timber wilt have any (8) _by the end of the decade Almost everyone will have part of the rainforests in their home, as do-it-yourself stores still supply and the construction industry still uses tropical hardwoods for doors, window (9) _and even toilet seats Please help us (10) _the tropical rainforests now, before it is too late A scorched B fired C seared D burned A with B by C from D for A include B contain C consist D hold A estimated B approximate C calculated D evaluated A instantly B presently C nowadays D currently A disappeared B lost C vanished D faded A in B from C of D among A extra B remaining C to spare D left A border B frames C contour D panes 10 A defend B rescue C save D preserve CLOZE TEXT 16 Few people now question the reality of global warming and its effects on the world's climate Many scientists (1) the blame for recent natural disasters on the increase (2) the world's temperatures and are convinced that, more than ever before, the Earth is at (3) from the forces of the wind, rain and sun According to them, global warming is making extreme weather events, (4) as hurricanes and droughts, even more (5) and causing sea levels all around the world to (6) Environmental groups are putting (7) on governments to take action to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide which is given (8) by factories and power plants, thus attacking the problem at its source They are in (9) of more money being spent on research into solar, wind and wave energy devices, which could then replace existing power (10) .Some scientists, however, believe that even if we stopped releasing carbon dioxide and other gases into the atmosphere tomorrow, we would have to wait several hundred years to notice the results Global warming, it seems, is to stay A give B put C takes D has A in B at C by D to A danger B harm C risk D threat By: Ms Thanh Tam Tel: 098.417.4003 Lớp Anh – ôn thi ĐH 8+, số 36, hẻm 178/45/16 ngõ 178 Tây Sơn, Đống Đa, Hà Nội Page NGÂN HÀNG TRẮC NGHIỆM TU VUNG THEO CHU DE - QUYẾT DÀNH 8+ TIẾNG ANH THPT QG A just B well C such D even A strong B strict C heavy D severe A raise B lift C rise D arise A pressure B force C persuasion D encouragement A off B up C over D away A request B suggestion C belief D favor 10 A houses B factories C stations D generations READING COMPREHENSION PASSAGE 01 Today we take electricity for granted and perhaps we not realize just how useful this discovery has been Steam was the first invention that replaced wind power It was used to drive engines and was passed through pipes and radiators to warm rooms Petrol mixed with air was the next invention that provided power Exploded in a cylinder, it drove a motor engine Beyond these simple and direct uses, those forms have not much adaptability On the other hand, we make use of electricity in thousands of ways From the powerful voltages that drive our electric trains to the tiny current needed to work a simple calculator, and from the huge electric magnet in steel works that can lift 10 tons to the tiny electric magnet in a doorbell, all are powered by electricity An electric current can be made with equal ease to heat a huge mass of molten metal in a furnace, or to boil a jug for a cup of coffee Other than atomic energy, which has not as yet been harnessed to the full, electricity is the greatest power in the world It is flexible, and so adaptable for any task for which it is wanted It travels so easily and with incredible speed along wires or conductors that it can be supplied instantly over vast distances To generate electricity, huge turbines or generators must be turned In Australia they use coal or water to drive this machinery When dams are built, falling water is used to drive the turbines without polluting the atmosphere with smoke from coal Atomic power is used in several countries but there is always the fear of an accident A tragedy once occurred at Chernobyl, in Ukraine, at an atomic power plant used to make electricity The reactor leaked, which caused many deaths through radiation Now scientists are examining new ways of creating electricity without harmful effects to the environment They may harness the tides as they flow in and out of bays Most importantly, they hope to trap sunlight more efficiently We use solar heaters for swimming pools but as yet improvement in the capacity of the solar cells to create more current is necessary When this happens, electric cars will be viable and the world will rid itself of the toxic gases given off by trucks and cars that burn fossil fuels The author mentions the sources of energy such as wind, steam, petrol in the first paragraph to _ A suggest that electricity should be alternated with safer sources of energy B emphasize the usefulness and adaptability of electricity C imply that electricity is not the only useful source of energy By: Ms Thanh Tam Tel: 098.417.4003 Lớp Anh – ôn thi ĐH 8+, số 36, hẻm 178/45/16 ngõ 178 Tây Sơn, Đống Đa, Hà Nội Page NGÂN HÀNG TRẮC NGHIỆM TU VUNG THEO CHU DE - QUYẾT DÀNH 8+ TIẾNG ANH THPT QG D discuss which source of energy can be a suitable alternative to electricity Before electricity, what was sometimes passed through pipes to heat rooms? A Gas B Petrol C Hot wind D Steam What does the author mean by saying that electricity is flexible? A It is cheap and easy to use B It can be made with ease C It can be adapted to various uses D It is used to drive motor engines What we call machines that make electricity? A Pipes and radiators B Voltages C Generators or turbines D Electric magnets The main forms of power used to generate electricity in Australia are A water and coal B wind and gas C atomic power and water D sunlight and wind power The word "they" in the last paragraph refers to A new ways B harmful effects C scientists D the tides Electric magnets are used in steel works to A lift heavy weights up to ten tons B heat the molten steel C test the steel for strength D boil a jug of water The advantage of harnessing the power of the tides and of sunlight to generate electricity is that they _ A are more reliable B not require attention C not pollute the environment D are more adaptable Which of the following power sources causes pollution by emitting harmful gases? A Sunlight B Petrol C Water D Wind 10 The best title for this passage could be A “Why Electricity Is So Remarkable” B “Types of Power Plants” C “How to Produce Electricity” D “Electricity: Harmful Effects on Our Life” PASSAGE 02 Since the world became industrialized, the number of animal species that have either become extinct or have neared extinction has increased Bengal tigers, for instance, which once roamed the jungles in vast numbers, now number only about 2,300 By the year 2025, it is estimated that they will become extinct What is alarming about the case of the Bengal tiger is that this extinction will have been caused almost entirely by poachers who, according to some sources, are not always interested in material gain but in personal gratification This is an example of the callousness that is contributing to the problem of extinction Animals such as the Bengal tiger, as well as other endangered species, are valuable parts of the world‟s ecosystem International laws protecting these animals must be enacted to ensure their survival – and the survival of our planet Countries around the world have begun to deal with the problem in various ways Some countries, in an effort to circumvent the problem, have allocated large amounts of land to animals reserves They then charge admission prices to help defray the costs of maintaining the parks, and they often must also depend on world organizations for support This money enables them to invest in equipment and patrols to protect the animals Another response to the increase in animal extinction is an international boycott of products made from endangered species This has had some effect, but by itself it will not prevent animals from being hunted and By: Ms Thanh Tam Tel: 098.417.4003 Lớp Anh – ôn thi ĐH 8+, số 36, hẻm 178/45/16 ngõ 178 Tây Sơn, Đống Đa, Hà Nội Page 10 NGÂN HÀNG TRẮC NGHIỆM TU VUNG THEO CHU DE - QUYẾT DÀNH 8+ TIẾNG ANH THPT QG killed 1.What is the main topic of the passage? A Endangered species B Problems with industrialization C The Bengal tiger D International boycotts 2: The word “poachers” could be best replaced by which of the following? A Concerned scientists B Enterprising researchers C Illegal hunters D Trained hunters 3: The word “callousness” could be best replaced by which of the following? A incompetence B indirectness C insensitivity D independence 4: The previous passage is divided into two paragraphs in order to contrast: A A comparison and a contrast B A problem and a solution C A statement and an illustration D Specific and general information 5: What does the word “this” refer to in the passage? A Bengal tiger C Killing animals for personal satisfaction B Interest in material gain D The decrease in the Bengal tiger population 6: Where in the passage does the author discuss a cause of extinction? A Lines 5-7 B Lines 8-10 C Lines 11-17 D Lines 1-3 7: Which of the following could best replace the word “allocated”? A set aside B combined C taken D organized 8: The word “defray” is closest in meaning to which of the following? A make a payment on B raise C lower D make an investment toward 9: What does the term “international boycott” refer to? A A global increase in animal survival B A refusal to buy animal products worldwide C Defraying the cost of maintaining national parks D Buying and selling of animal products overseas 10: Which of the following best describes the author‟s attitude? A indifferent PASSAGE 03 B forgiving C concerned D surprised The Native American peoples of the north Pacific Coast created a highly complex maritime culture as they invented modes of production unique to their special environment In addition to their sophisticated technical culture, they also attained one of the most complex social organizations of any nonagricultural people in the world In a division of labor similar to that of the hunting peoples in the interior and among foraging peoples throughout the world, the men did most of the fishing, and the women processed the catch Women also specialized in the gathering of the abundant shellfish that lived closer to shore They collected oysters, crabs, sea urchins, mussels, abalone, and clams, which they could gather while remaining close to their children The maritime life harvested by the women not only provided food, but also supplied more of the raw materials for making tools than did fish gathered by the men Of particular importance for the native tool than did the fish By: Ms Thanh Tam Tel: 098.417.4003 Lớp Anh – ôn thi ĐH 8+, số 36, hẻm 178/45/16 ngõ 178 Tây Sơn, Đống Đa, Hà Nội Page 11 NGÂN HÀNG TRẮC NGHIỆM TU VUNG THEO CHU DE - QUYẾT DÀNH 8+ TIẾNG ANH THPT QG gathered by the men Of particular made from the larger mussel shells, and a variety of cutting edges that could be made from other marine shells The women used their tools to process all of the fish and marine mammals brought in by the men They cleaned the fish, and dried vast quantities of them for the winter They sun-dried fish when practical, but in the rainy climate of the coastal area they also used smokehouses to preserve tons of fish and other seafood annually Each product had its own peculiar characteristics that demanded a particular way of cutting or drying the meat, and each task required its own cutting blades and other utensils After drying the fish, the women pounded some of them into fish meal, which was an easily transported food used in soups, stews, or other dishes to provide protein and thickening in the absence of fresh fish or while on long trips The women also made a cheese-like substance from a mixture of fish and roe by aging it in storehouses or by burying it in wooden boxes or pits lined with rocks and tree leaves Which aspect of the lives of the Native Americans of the north Pacific Coast does the passage mainly discuss? A Methods of food preservation B How diet was restricted by the environment C The contributions of women to the food supply D Difficulties in establishing successful farms The word “unique” in is closest in meaning to A comprehensible B productive C intentional D particular The word “attained” in is closest in meaning to A achieved B modified C demanded D spread It can be inferred from paragraph that the social organization of many agricultural peoples is A more complex than that of hunters and foragers B less efficient than that of hunters and foragers C more widespread than that of hunters and foragers D better documented than that of hunters and foragers According to the passage, what is true of the “division of labor” mentioned in line 5? A It was first developed by Native Americans of the north Pacific Coast B It rarely existed among hunting C was a structure that the Native Americans of the north Pacific Coast shared with many other peoples D It provided a form of social organization that was found mainly among coastal peoples The word “abundant” is closest in meaning to A prosperous B plentiful C acceptable D fundamental All of the following are true of the north Pacific coast women EXCEPT that they _ A were more likely to catch shellfish than other kinds of fish B contributed more materials for tool making than the men did C sometimes searched for food far inland from the coast D prepared and preserved the fish The word “They” in the passage refers to A women B tools C mammals D men By: Ms Thanh Tam Tel: 098.417.4003 Lớp Anh – ôn thi ĐH 8+, số 36, hẻm 178/45/16 ngõ 178 Tây Sơn, Đống Đa, Hà Nội Page 12 NGÂN HÀNG TRẮC NGHIỆM TU VUNG THEO CHU DE - QUYẾT DÀNH 8+ TIẾNG ANH THPT QG The Native Americans of the north Pacific Coast used smokehouses in order to _ A store utensils used in food preparation B prevent fish and shellfish from spoiling C have a place to store fish and shellfish D prepare elaborate meals 10 The wore “peculiar” in line 19 is closest in meaning to A strange B distinctive C appealing D biological 11 All of following are true of the cheese-like substance mentioned in paragraph EXCEPT that it was _ A made from fish B not actually cheese C useful on long journeys D made in a short period of time PASSAGE 04 Although only a small percentage of the electromagnetic radiation that is emitted by the Sun is ultraviolet (UV) radiation, the amount that is emitted would be enough to cause severe damage to most forms of life on Earth were it all to reach the surface of the Earth Fortunately, all of the Sun‟s ultraviolet radiation does not reach the Earth because of a layer of oxygen, called the ozone layer encircling the Earth in the stratosphere at an altitude of about 15 miles above the Earth The ozone layer absorbs much of the Sun‟s ultraviolet radiation and prevents it from reaching the Earth Ozone is a form of oxygen in which each molecule consists of three atoms (O3) instead of the two atoms (O2) usually found in an oxygen molecule Ozone forms in the stratosphere in a process that is initiated by ultraviolet radiation from the Sun UV radiation from the Sun splits oxygen molecules with two atoms into f r e e oxygen atoms, and each of these unattached oxygen atoms then joins up with an oxygen molecule to form ozone UV radiation is also capable of splitting up ozone molecules; thus, ozone is constantly forming, splitting, and reforming in the stratosphere When UV radiation is absorbed during the process of ozone formation and reformation, i t is unable to reach Earth and cause damage there Recently, however, the ozone layer over parts of the Earth has been diminishing Chief among the c u l p r i t s in the case of the disappearing ozone, those that are really responsible, are the chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) CFCs meander up from Earth into the stratosphere, where they break down and release chlorine The released chlorine reacts with ozone in the stratosphere to form chlorine monoxide (CIO) and oxygen (O2) The chlorine then becomes free to go through the cycle over and over again One chlorine atom can, in fact, destroy hundreds of thousands of ozone molecules in this repetitious cycle, and the effects of this destructive process are now becoming evident Notes: - stratosphere (danh từ) = tầng bình/đẳng lưu - meander (động từ) = di ngoằn ngoeo quanh co According to the passage, ultraviolet radiation from the Sun _ _ _ _ A is causing severe damage to the Earth's ozone layer B is only a fraction of the Sun's electromagnetic radiation C creates electromagnetic radiation D always reaches the Earth The word “encircling” in paragraph is closest in meaning to A rotating B attacking C raising D surrounding It is stated in the passage that the ozone layer A enables ultraviolet radiation to reach the Earth B reflects ultraviolet radiation C shields the Earth from a lot of ultraviolet radiation D reaches down to the Earth According to the passage, an ozone molecule _ A consists of three oxygen molecules By: Ms Thanh Tam Tel: 098.417.4003 Lớp Anh – ôn thi ĐH 8+, số 36, hẻm 178/45/16 ngõ 178 Tây Sơn, Đống Đa, Hà Nội Page 13 NGÂN HÀNG TRẮC NGHIỆM TU VUNG THEO CHU DE - QUYẾT DÀNH 8+ TIẾNG ANH THPT QG B contains more oxygen atoms than the usual oxygen molecule does C consists of two oxygen atoms D contains the same number of atoms as the usual oxygen molecule The word “free" in paragraph could best be replaced by _ A liberal B gratuitous C unconnected D emancipated Ultraviolet radiation causes oxygen molecules to A rise to the stratosphere B burn up ozone molecules C split up and reform as ozone D reduce the number of chlorofluorocarbons The pronoun “it” in paragraph refers to _ A radiation B process C formation D damage The word “culprits'' in paragraph is closest in meaning to which of the following? A Guilty parties B Detectives C Group members D Leaders According to the passage, what happens after a chlorine molecule reacts with an ozone molecule? A The ozone breaks down into three oxygen atoms B Two different molecules arc created C The two molecules combine into one molecule D Three distinct molecules result 10 The paragraph following the passage most likely discusses _ A the negative results of the cycle of ozone destruction B where chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) come from C the causes of the destruction of ozone molecules D how electromagnetic radiation is created PASSAGE 05 In Death Valley, California, one of the hottest, most arid places in North America, there is much salt, and salt can damage rocks impressively Inhabitants of areas elsewhere, where streets and highways are salted to control ice, are familiar with the resulting rust and deterioration on cars That attests to the chemically corrosive nature of salt, but it is not the way salt destroys rocks Salt breaks rocks apart principally by a process called crystal prying and wedging This happens not by soaking the rocks in salt water, but by moistening their bottoms with salt water Such conditions exist in many areas along the eastern edge of central Death Valley There, salty water rises from the groundwater table by capillary action through tiny spaces in sediment until it reaches the surface Most stones have capillary passages that suck salt water from the wet ground Death Valley provides an ultra-dry atmosphere and high daily temperatures, which promote evaporation and the formation of salt crystals along the cracks or other openings within stones These crystals grow as long as salt water is available Like tree roots breaking up a sidewalk, the growing crystals exert pressure on the rock and eventually pry the rock apart along planes of weakness, such as banding in metamorphic rocks, bedding in sedimentary rocks, or preexisting or incipient fractions, and along boundaries between individual mineral crystals or grains Besides crystal growth, the expansion of halite crystals (the same as everyday table salt) by heating and of sulfates and similar salts by hydration can contribute additional stresses A rock durable enough to have withstood natural conditions for a very long time in other areas could probably be shattered into small pieces by salt weathering within a few generations The dominant salt in Death Valley is halite, or sodium chloride, but other salts, mostly carbonates and sulfates, also cause prying and wedging, as does ordinary ice Weathering by a variety of salts, though often subtle, is a worldwide phenomenon Not restricted to arid regions, intense salt weathering occurs mostly in saltrich places like the seashore, near the large saline lakes in the Dry Valleys of Antarctica, and in desert sections of Australia, New Zealand, and central Asia What is the passage mainly about? A The destructive effects of salt on rocks B The amount of salt produced in Death Valley By: Ms Thanh Tam Tel: 098.417.4003 Lớp Anh – ôn thi ĐH 8+, số 36, hẻm 178/45/16 ngõ 178 Tây Sơn, Đống Đa, Hà Nội Page 14 NGÂN HÀNG TRẮC NGHIỆM TU VUNG THEO CHU DE - QUYẾT DÀNH 8+ TIẾNG ANH THPT QG C The impressive salt rocks in Death Valley D The damaging effects of salt on roads and highways The word "it" in line refers to A salty water B groundwater table C capillary action D sediment The word "exert" in line 12 is closest in meaning to A put B reduce C replace D control In lines 13-17, why does the author compare tree roots with growing salt crystals? A They both force hard surfaces to crack B They both grow as long as water is available C They both react quickly to a rise in temperature D They both cause salty water to rise from the groundwater table In lines 17-18, the author mentions the "expansion of halite crystals by heating and of sulfates and similar salts by hydration" in order to _ A present an alternative theory about crystal growth B explain how some rocks are not affected by salt C simplify the explanation of crystal prying and wedging D introduce additional means by which crystals destroy rocks The word "durable" in line 17 is closest in meaning to A large B strong C flexible D pressured The word "shattered" in line 18 is closest in meaning to A arranged B dissolved C broken apart D gathered together The word "dominant" in line 20 is closest in meaning to _ A most recent B most common C least available D least damaging According to the passage, which of the following is true about the effects of salts on rocks? A Only two types of salts cause prying and wedging B Salts usually cause damage only in combination with ice C A variety of salts in all kinds of environments can cause weathering D Salt damage at the seashore is more severe than salt damage in Death Valley 10 Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about rocks that are found in areas where ice is common? A They are protected from weathering B They not allow capillary action of water C They show similar kinds of damage as rocks in Death Valley D They contain more carbonates than sulfates PASSAGE 06 The food we eat seems to have profound effects on our health Although science has made enormous steps in making food more fit to eat, it has at the same time, made many foods unfit to eat Some research has shown that perhaps eighty percent of all human illnesses are related to diet and forty percent of cancer is related to the diet as well, especially cancer of the colon People of different cultures are more prone to contract certain illnesses because of the characteristic foods they consume That food is related to illness is not a new discovery In1945,government researchers realized that nitrates and nitrites(commonly used to preserve color in meats) as well as other food additives caused cancer Yet, these carcinogenic additives remain in our food, and it becomes more difficult all the time to know which ingredients on the packaging labels of processed food are helpful or harmful The additives that we eat are not all so direct Farmers often give penicillin to cattle and poultry, and because of this, penicillin has been found in the milk of treated cows By: Ms Thanh Tam Tel: 098.417.4003 Lớp Anh – ôn thi ĐH 8+, số 36, hẻm 178/45/16 ngõ 178 Tây Sơn, Đống Đa, Hà Nội Page 15 NGÂN HÀNG TRẮC NGHIỆM TU VUNG THEO CHU DE - QUYẾT DÀNH 8+ TIẾNG ANH THPT QG Sometimes similar drugs are administered to animals not for medicinal purposes, but for financial reasons The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to obtain a higher price on the market Although the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has tried repeatedly to control these procedures, the practices continue A healthy diet is directly related to good health Often we are unaware of detrimental substances we ingest Sometimes well-meaning farmers or others who not realize the consequences add these substances to food without knowledge 1.How has science done a disservice to people? A Because of science, disease caused by contaminated food has been virtually eradicated B It has caused a lack of information concerning the value of food C As a result of scientific intervention, some potentially harmful substances have been added to our food D The scientists have preserved the color of meats, but not of vegetables The word “fit” is closest in meaning to _ A athletic B suitable C tasty D adaptable The word “prone” is nearest in meaning to _ A supine B healthy C unlikely D predisposed What are nitrates used for ? A They preserve flavor in packaged foods B They preserve the color of meats C They are the objects of research D They cause the animals to become fatter The word “these” refers to _ A meats B colors C researchers D nitrates and nitrites 6.The word “carcinogenic” is closest in meaning to A trouble-making B color-retaining C money-making D cancer-causing The word “additives” is closest in meaning to _ A dangerous substances C natural substances B added substances D benign substances The fact that the topic has been known for some time is discussed in A B C D All the following statement are true EXCEPT A food may cause forty percent of the cancer in the world B drugs are always given to animals for medical reasons C some of the additives in our food are added to the food itself and some are given to the living animals D researchers have known about the potential hazards of food additives for more than forty-five years 10 What is the best title for this passage ? A Harmful and Harmless Substance in Food B Improving Health Through a Natural Diet C The Food You Eat Can Affect Your health D Avoiding Injurious Substances in Food PASSAGE 07 What makes it rain? Rain falls from clouds for the same reason anything falls to Earth The Earth's gravity pulls it But every cloud is made of water droplets or ice crystals Why doesn't rain or snow fall constantly from all clouds? The droplets or ice crystals in clouds are exceedingly small The effect of gravity on them is minute Air currents move and lift droplets so that the net downward displacement is zero, even though the droplets are in constant motion Droplets and ice crystals behave somewhat like dust in the air made visible in a shaft of sunlight To the casual observer, dust seems to act in a totally random fashion, moving about chaotically without fixed direction But in fact dust particles are much larger than water droplets and they finally fall The cloud droplet of average By: Ms Thanh Tam Tel: 098.417.4003 Lớp Anh – ôn thi ĐH 8+, số 36, hẻm 178/45/16 ngõ 178 Tây Sơn, Đống Đa, Hà Nội Page 16 NGÂN HÀNG TRẮC NGHIỆM TU VUNG THEO CHU DE - QUYẾT DÀNH 8+ TIẾNG ANH THPT QG size is only 1/2500 inch in diameter It is so small that it would take sixteen hours to fall half a mile in perfectly still air, and it does not fall out of moving air at alt Only when the droplet grows to a diameter of 1/125 inch or larger can it fall from the cloud The average raindrop contains a million times as much water as a tiny cloud droplet The growth of a cloud droplet to a size large enough to fall out is the cause of rain and other forms of precipitation This important growth process is called "coalescence." What is the main topic of the passage? A The mechanics of rain B The climate of North America C How gravity affects agriculture D Types of clouds The word "minute" in line is closest in meaning to which of the following? A Second B Tiny C Slow D Predictable Why don' t all ice crystals in clouds immediately fall to earth? A They are balanced by the pressure of rain droplets B The effect of gravity at high altitude is random C They are kept aloft by air currents D The heat from the sun' S rays melts them The word “motion" in line is closest in meaning to which of the following? A Wind B Descent C Movement D Humidity What can be inferred about drops of water larger than 1/125 inch in diameter? A They never occur B They are not affected by the force of gravity C In still air they would fall to earth D In moving air they fall at a speed of thirty-two miles per hour In this passage, what does the term "coalescence" refer to? A The gathering of small clouds to form larger clouds B The growth of droplets C The fall of raindrops and other precipitation D The movement of dust particles in the sunlight What is the diameter of the average cloud droplet? A 1/16 inch B 1/125 inch C 1/2500 inch D One million of an inch What is an example of precipitation? A rain B lightening C wind D thunder which of the following best paraphrase the extract: “ dust seems to act in a totally random fashion”? A Dust acts in away that can be predicted B Dust always move chaotically C Dust moves in an unpredictable way D It is hard for dust to move smoothly 10 what does “in constant motion” in paragraph mean? A moving all time B always having feeling C never changing D falling down easily PASSAGE 08 A useful definition of an air pollutant is a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmosphere in such quantities as to affect humans, animals, vegetation, or materials adversely Air pollution requires a very flexible definition that permits continuous change When the first air pollution laws were established in England in the fourteenth century, air pollutants were limited to compounds that could be seen or smelled – a far cry from the extensive list of harmful substances known today As technology has developed and knowledge of the health aspects of various chemicals has increased, the list of air pollutants has lengthened In the future, even water vapor might be considered an air pollutant under certain conditions Many of the more important are pollutants, such as sulfur dioxides, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides, are found in nature As the Earth developed, the concentration of these pollutants was altered by various chemical reactions; they became components in biogeochemical cycles These serve as an air purification scheme by allowing the compounds to move from the air to the water or soil On a global basis, nature is output of these compounds dwarfs resulting from human activities However, human production By: Ms Thanh Tam Tel: 098.417.4003 Lớp Anh – ôn thi ĐH 8+, số 36, hẻm 178/45/16 ngõ 178 Tây Sơn, Đống Đa, Hà Nội Page 17 NGÂN HÀNG TRẮC NGHIỆM TU VUNG THEO CHU DE - QUYẾT DÀNH 8+ TIẾNG ANH THPT QG usually occurs in a localized area, such as a city In this localized region, human output may be dominant and may temporarily overload the natural purification scheme of the cycles The result is an increased concentration of noxious chemicals in the air The concentrations at which the adverse effects appear will be greater than the concentrations that the pollutants would have in the absence of human activities The actual concentrations need not be large for a substance to be a pollutant; in fact the numerical value tells us little until we know how much of an increase this represents over the concentration that would occur naturally in the area For example, sulfur dioxide has detectable health effects at 0.08 parts per million (ppm), which is about 400 times its natural level Carbon monoxide, however, has a natural level of 0.1 ppm and is not usually a pollutant until its level reaches about 15 ppm What does the passage mainly discuss? A The economic impact of air pollution B What constitutes and air pollutants C How much harm air pollutants can cause D The effects of compounds added to the atmosphere The word „adversely‟ in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to: A negatively B quickly C admittedly D considerably It can be inferred from the first paragraph that A water vapor is an air pollutant in localized areas B most air pollutants today can be seen or smelled C the definition of air pollution will continue to change D a substance becomes an air pollutant only in cities The word „altered‟ in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to A eliminated B cancelled C slowed D changed Natural pollutants can play an important role in controlling air pollution for which of the following reasons? A They function as part of a purification process B They occur in greater quantities than other pollutants C They are less harmful to living beings than are other pollutants D They have existed since the Earth developed According to the passage, which of the following is true about human generated air pollution in localized regions? A It can be dwarfed by nature‟s output of pollutants in the localized region B I can overwhelm the natural system that removes pollutants C It will damage areas outside of the localized regions D It will react harmfully with naturally occurring pollutants The word „noxious‟ in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to A harmful B noticeable C extensive D weak According to the passage, the numerical value of the concentration level of a substance is only useful if A the other substances in the area are known B it is in a localized area C the naturally occurring level is also known D it can be calculated quickly The word „detectable‟ in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to A beneficial B special C measurable D separable 10 Which of the following is best supported by the passage? A To effectively control pollution, local government should regularly review their air pollution laws B One of the most important steps in preserving natural lands is to better enforce air pollution laws C Scientists should be consulted in order to establish uniform limits for all air pollutants D Human activities have been effective in reducing air pollution PASSAGE 09 Most people think that lions only come from Africa This is understandable because in fact most lions come from there but this has not always been the case If we went back ten thousand years, we would find that there were lions roaming vast sections of the globe However now, unfortunately only a very small section of the lion's former habitat remains By: Ms Thanh Tam Tel: 098.417.4003 Lớp Anh – ôn thi ĐH 8+, số 36, hẻm 178/45/16 ngõ 178 Tây Sơn, Đống Đa, Hà Nội Page 18 NGÂN HÀNG TRẮC NGHIỆM TU VUNG THEO CHU DE - QUYẾT DÀNH 8+ TIẾNG ANH THPT QG Asiatic lions are sub-species of African lions It is almost a hundred thousand years since the Asiatic lions split off and developed as a sub-species At one time the Asiatic lion was living as far west as Greece and they were found from there, but in a band that spreads east through various countries of the Middle East, all the way to India In museums now, you can see Greek coins that have clear images of the Asiatic lion on them Most of them are dated at around 500 B.C However, Europe saw its last Asiatic lions roaming free two thousand years ago Over the next nineteen hundred years the numbers of Asiatic lions in the other areas declined steadily, but it was only in the nineteenth century that they disappeared from everywhere but in India The Gir Wildlife Sanctuary in India was established especially to protect the Asiatic lion There are now around three hundred Asiatic lions in India and almost all of them are in this sanctuary However, despite living in a sanctuary, which makes them safe from hunters, they still face a number of problems that threaten their survival One of these is the ever-present danger of disease This is what killed more than a third of Africa‟s Serengeti lions in 1994, and people are fearful that something similar could happen in the Gir Sanctuary and kill off many of the Asiatic lions there India's lions are particular vulnerable because they have a limited gene pool The reason for this is interesting - it is because all of them are descended from a few dozen lions that were saved by a prince who took a particular interest in them He was very healthy, and he managed to protect them; otherwise they would probably have died out completely When you see the Asiatic lion in India, what you sense is enormous vitality They are very impressive animals and you would never guess that they have this vulnerability when you look at them According to the passage, many people believe that lions come from _ A Europe B Africa C Middle East D India Ten thousand years ago _ A lions came mainly from Africa B lions did not live in small forests C lions roamed much more than nowadays D there were much more lion habitats than nowadays The phrase "split off" in paragraph is closest in meaning to _ A changed the original species B divided C developed into different species D spotted animals According to the passage, nowadays we can find the Asiatic lion _ A in Africa and India B only in Greek museums C nowhere in the world D only in India The word "vulnerable" in paragraph is closest in meaning to _ A cautious B weak C careless D easily protected The Asiatic lion _ A was looking for food mainly in the Middle East B was searching for food in a wide range of countries C was searching for food mainly in India and Africa D was looking for food mainly in India According to the author, the Gir Wildlife Sanctuary _ A protects the Asiatic lion from hunters and diseases B can make the Asiatic lion become weak C cannot reduce the Asiatic lion's risk of catching diseases D is among many places where the Asiatic lion is well protected The author refers to all of the following as characteristics of the Asiatic lion EXCEPT that A strong B vulnerable C vital D impressive The following statements are correct EXCEPT that A the Asiatic lion was loved by a wealthy prince By: Ms Thanh Tam Tel: 098.417.4003 Lớp Anh – ôn thi ĐH 8+, số 36, hẻm 178/45/16 ngõ 178 Tây Sơn, Đống Đa, Hà Nội Page 19 NGÂN HÀNG TRẮC NGHIỆM TU VUNG THEO CHU DE - QUYẾT DÀNH 8+ TIẾNG ANH THPT QG B a rich prince sponsored the protection of Asiatic lions C the current Asiatic lions come from a great number of lions D although the Asiatic lion looks strong from appearance they are easily attacked by diseases 10 The passage was written to _ A persuade readers to protect the Asiatic lions B explain why the Gir Sanctuary is the best habitat for the Asiatic lions C describe the developmental history of the Gir Sanctuary D provide an overview of the existence of the Asiatic lions PASSAGE 10 Calcite-containing dust particles blow into the air and combine with nitric acid in polluted air from factories to form an entirely new particle-calcium nitrate These nitrates have optical and chemical properties that are completely different from those of the originally dry dust particles Due to this, climate models need to be updated to reflect this chemistry Calcite dust is common in arid areas such as Israel, where this past winter scientists collected particles for analysis Working from a mountaintop, the team collected dust that had blown in from the northern shores of Egypt, Sinai, and southern Israel The particles had combined with air containing pollutants that came from Cairo They analyzed nearly 2,000 individual particles and observed the physical and chemical changes at the W.R Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory An important change in the properties of the newly formed nitrate particles is that they absorb water and retain moisture These particles can scatter and absorb sunlight-presenting climate modelers, who need to know where the energy is going, a new wild card to deal with Other studies of dust samples from the Sahara and the Saudi Arabian coast and loess from China show that the higher the calcium in the mineral, the more reactive they are with nitric acid In fact, once the particle is changed, it stays that way What is the main idea of the passage? A There is a new particle called calcium nitrate B Factories are polluting the environment C Climate models have to be updated because of the new particle calcium nitrate D Calcium nitrate has chemical properties different from other dust particles Why climate models need to be updated to reflect the chemistry of calcium nitrate? A The new particles can absorb water and retain moisture B The new particles can scatter and absorb sunlight C to stop acid dust D The new particles can absorb water, retain moisture , scatter and absorb sunlight Do the particles react with nitric acid? A No, but they continue to absorb the sun's energy B No, and the particles not change C Yes, but the changes are temporary D Yes, and the changes are permanent Which of the following may be a result of these particles? A The chance of an ice age is increased C The greenhouses effects are increased B We may see more rainbows D We may see an increase in carbon dioxide Why does the passage begin with a description of the properties of calcium nitrate? A to give background information so the reader can understand the topic better B Because calcium nitrate is the main idea C to show how elements combine to create calcium nitrate By: Ms Thanh Tam Tel: 098.417.4003 Lớp Anh – ôn thi ĐH 8+, số 36, hẻm 178/45/16 ngõ 178 Tây Sơn, Đống Đa, Hà Nội Page 20 NGÂN HÀNG TRẮC NGHIỆM TU VUNG THEO CHU DE - QUYẾT DÀNH 8+ TIẾNG ANH THPT QG D to prove the existence of calcium nitrate The word "those" in paragraph refers to: A nitrates B properties C particles D models In the scientists' research, where did the pollutants come from originally? A arid areas B the Saudi Coast C Cairo D the Sahara desert It can be inferred that "retain" in the paragraph is closet in meaning to: A hold B lose C increase D need What is the purpose of the passage? A to convince the reader that calcium nitrate is bad B to inform the reader of a new problem in climate modeling C to show how calcium nitrate was created D to show where calcium nitrate was first discovered 10 In the third paragraph, what does the term "wild card" mean? A an unknown card in the card game B an unknown item in the scientists' calculation C a large amount of acid dust D none of the above ================THE END============== By: Ms Thanh Tam Tel: 098.417.4003 Lớp Anh – ôn thi ĐH 8+, số 36, hẻm 178/45/16 ngõ 178 Tây Sơn, Đống Đa, Hà Nội Page 21 ... farming and to build roads and expand cities Our factories, cars and power stations poison the (1) with polluting gases and chemical waste As well as transforming the environment, we are destroying... order to D as a result CLOZE TEXT 04 Every ten minutes, one kind of animal, plant or insect dies (1) _forever If nothing is done about it, one million species that are alive today will have become... organization C destruction D preservation 10 A from B out C for D of CLOZE TEXT 05 A desert is a special(1) where only certain kinds of plants and animals can survive All deserts have very little water