BÀI TẬP CÂU CẬN NGHĨA Mục đích của dạng bài này là kiểm tra kiến thức về những cấu trúc tương đương hay cách chuyển đổi câu. Thông thường đề thường đưa ra một câu và yêu cầu thí sinh chọn câu có nghĩa gần nhất với câu đã cho trong số 4 câu cho sẵn. Tuy nhiên từ năm 2015, với sự đổi mới trong đề thi dạng bài tập này được thay thế bằng dạng viết lại câu sao cho nghĩa không đổi. Những đơn vị kiến thức thường được kiểm tra trong dạng bài tập này bao gồm: Chuyển từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động E.g. Newton discovered gravity. > Gravity was discovered by Newton. Các dạng câu điều kiện E.g. I was ill so I couldnt go. > If I hadnt been so ill, I could have gone. Các dạng so sánh E.g. John is taller than Jane. > Jane is not as tall as John. Câu trực tiếp câu gián tiếp E.g. Go away he said. > He told us to go away. Các từ cụm từ tương đương E.g. How much did you pay for it? > How much did it cost you? Các cách diễn đạt tương đương E.g. It was so hot that...> It was such a hot day that... I spent twenty minutes on that puzzle. > It took me twenty minutes to do that puzzle. Các cách diễn đạt tương đương liên quan đến sự thay đổi thì của động từ E.g. I havent seen her for a long time. > Its a long time since I last saw her. I shouldnt have done it. > I wish I hadnt done it. Thường thì mỗi câu hỏi chỉ kiểm tra 1 đơn vị kiến thức.
Mr Nguyen BÀI TẬP CÂU CẬN NGHĨA Mục đích dạng kiểm tra kiến thức cấu trúc tương đương hay cách chuyển đổi câu Thông thường đề thường đưa câu yêu cầu thí sinh chọn câu có nghĩa gần với câu cho số câu cho sẵn Tuy nhiên từ năm 2015, với đổi đề thi dạng tập thay dạng viết lại câu cho nghĩa không đổi Những đơn vị kiến thức thường kiểm tra dạng tập bao gồm: - Chuyển từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động E.g Newton discovered gravity -> Gravity was discovered by Newton - Các dạng câu điều kiện E.g I was ill so I couldn't go -> If I hadn't been so ill, I could have gone - Các dạng so sánh E.g John is taller than Jane -> Jane is not as tall as John - Câu trực tiếp - câu gián tiếp E.g "Go away!" he said -> He told us to go away - Các từ/ cụm từ tương đương E.g How much did you pay for it? -> How much did it cost you? - Các cách diễn đạt tương đương E.g It was so hot that -> It was such a hot day that I spent twenty minutes on that puzzle -> It took me twenty minutes to that puzzle - Các cách diễn đạt tương đương liên quan đến thay đổi động từ E.g I haven't seen her for a long time -> It's a long time since I last saw her I shouldn't have done it -> I wish I hadn't done it Thường câu hỏi kiểm tra đơn vị kiến thức Cách thức làm dạng tập này: Đọc kĩ câu gốc phải chắn bạn hiểu ý nghĩa câu gốc Nhìn lướt qua lựa chọn, tìm điểm giống điểm khác biệt (về hình thức) E.g A neighbour is looking after the children while I'm out A A neighbour is taking care of the children while I'm out B A neighbour is taking care for the children while I'm out C A neighbour is taking care about the children while I'm out D A neighbour is taking care to the children while I'm out lựa chọn giống hệt khác giới từ theo sau "taking care" Do thời gian thí sinh ý đến câu thời gian dịch nghĩa câu Xem xét lựa chọn, ý tới điểm khác biệt tìm bước Đến có cách để làm: a Dựa vào ý nghĩa b Dựa vào cấu trúc ngữ pháp (Cấu trúc sử dụng lựa chọn có ngữ pháp không) mối quan hệ ý câu (chúng có thiết lập cách logic hay không) Hai cách nên vận dụng cách linh hoạt trường hợp cụ thể Các em học sinh làm dạng có xu hướng dịch nghĩa câu để từ tìm câu gần nghĩa Tuy nhiên phương pháp tối ưu không nên áp dụng tất trường hợp Có câu dịch nghĩa lựa chọn có nghĩa na ná Khi phương pháp không hiệu mà gây thời gian Trong ví dụ trên, ta biết look after = take care of (trông nom, chăm sóc), từ chọn đáp án Trên cách làm chung nhất, cách làm cụ thể cho trường hợp cụ thể đề cập trình bạn làm tập Trong tiếng Anh có câu tục ngữ "Practice makes perfect" Các em kiên trì làm tập để rèn luyện khả ứng phó với dạng tập Chúc thành công! Mr Nguyen I Choose the sentence which is closest in meaning with the given one It rained during the match, but we enjoyed it all the same A It rained during the match and we did not enjoy the match B It rained during the match and we enjoyed it less C It rained during the match and we enjoyed it in the same way as others D It rained during the match but we enjoyed it Donald could not help weeping when he heard the bad news A Donald could not stop himself from weeping at the bad news B Donald could not allow himself to sweep at the bad news C Donald could not help himself and so he wept D Donald could not help himself because he was weeping "When I met my long-lost brother, I was at a loss for words." A When the speaker met his brother, he was puzzled about what to say B When the speaker met his brother, he had much to say C When the speaker met his brother, he refused to say anything D When the speaker met his brother, he had nothing pleasant to say It's a pity that you didn't tell us about this A I wish you told us about this B I wish you would tell us about this C I wish you had told us about this D I wish you have told us about this Without transportation, our modern society could not exist A Our modern society could not exist if there is no transportation B Our modern society will not exist without having traffic C If there were no transportation, our society would not exist D If transportation no longer exists, our society will not either The newspaper has a circulation of five million A The paper is five million years old B Five million people read the newspaper C Five million newspaper are put in a circle D The newspaper is round in shape No sooner had they found her number than they called her A They called her as soon as they found her number B They found her number sooner or later C They called her number sooner or later D They found her number as soon as they called her He got over his illness in three months A It took to get over his illness in three months.B It took three months for him to get over his illness C It took him three months to get over his illness.D It took three months for his illness to get over Though he tried hard, he didn’t succeed A However hard he tried, he didn’t succeed B However he tried hard, he didn’t succeed C However he didn’t succeed, he tried hard D However he tried hard but he didn’t succeed 10 Joe still likes Madonna A Joe was a fan of Madonna's for years B Joe has been a fan of Madonna's for years C Joe used to like Madonna years ago D Joe is being a fan of Madonna II Choose the sentence which is closest in meaning with the given one The room was so full that we couldn't get in A The room was too full for us to get in B The room was too full so that we can't get in C The room was too full that we can't get in D The room was too full that we couldn't get in I wish I had chosen English to study at school A The speaker studied English and now regrets doing so B The speaker is not studying English C The speaker regrets not choosing English at school D The speaker regrets having chosen English to study Leather gloves last longer than plastic ones A Plastic gloves last not as long as leather ones B Plastic gloves last shorter than leather ones C Plastic gloves don't last as much as leather ones D Plastic gloves don't last as long as leather ones Mr Nguyen The book interested me more than the film A I thought the book was more interesting than the film B I thought the book was more interested than the film C I thought the book was as interesting as the film D I thought the book was not as interesting as the film The teacher did not allow the class to leave before 4:30 A The teacher made the class to stay until after 4:30 B The teacher made the class not leave until after 4:30 C The teacher made the class stay until after 4:30 D The teacher made the class leave after 4:30 If I were you, I'd look for another job A I suggest that you looked for another job B I suggest looking for another job C I suggest you to look for another job D I suggest that you look for another job I only remembered the appointment when it was too late A It was only when it was too late that I remembered the appointment B Not until it was too late that I remembered the appointment C Only when it was too late that I remembered the appointment D It was not until it was too late that I remembered the appointment She finds it difficult to get up early A She used to get up early B She didn't use to get up early C She isn't used to getting up early D She is used to getting up early I met her when I was staying in Paris last summer A I had met her before I went to Paris last summer.B I met her during my stay in Paris last summer C I met her after I went to Paris last summer D I met her during I was staying in Paris last summer 10 Do shops usually stay open so late in this country? A Are shops usually opened so late in this country? B Do you usually open shops so late in this country? C Is it usual for shops to be opened so late in this country? D Is it usual for shops to stay open so late in this country? III Choose the sentence which is closest in meaning with the given one Mrs Sally asked the students to hand in their assignments A Mrs Sally gave the class an assignment B Mrs Sally gave the students a hand with their assignments C Mrs Sally asked the students to give their assignments to her D Mrs Sally asked the students to raise their hands if they wanted to ask a question Because of working hard, she fell ill A She worked so hard that she fell ill B She didn't work so she fell ill C She was too ill to work hard D She wasn't ill although she worked hard It's been fourteen years since I last saw my brother A I didn't see my brother 14 years ago B I haven't seen my brother for 14 years C I see my brother once every 14 years D My brother is 14 years old Jack is afraid he'll gain weight if he stops smoking A Jack is afraid of smoking B Jack doesn't realize the dangers of smoking C Jack is afraid he'll become fat if he gives up smoking D Jack is afraid he'll lose weight if he doesn't smoke Fewer people came to the meeting than we had expected A Too many people came to the meeting B There were more people at the meeting than we had expected C We had expected more people to come to the meeting D There were not enough seats for all people as we had expected I should have studied last night but I was too tired A I studied last night because I was bored B I studied last night because I had to C I tried to study last night, but material was too hard Mr Nguyen D I couldn't study last night because I was very tired Although Mr Pike was seriously ill, he still composed nice pieces of music A Mr Pike's pieces of music were very serious B Mr Pike didn't compose any nice pieces of music because he was seriously ill C Despite his serious illness, Mr Pike still composed nice pieces of music D Mr Pike were too ill to compose music The coffee was strong, but it didn't keep us awake A The coffee was strong and it could keep us awake B We were kept awake because the coffee was strong C The coffee wasn't strong enough to keep us awake D The coffee was so hot that it didn't keep us awake He can hardly understand this matter because he's too young A This matter is too hard for him to understand B He's young, but he can understand this matter C The matter was difficult but he can understand it D Hardly can he understand this matter because he's too young 10 My mother had the house decorated A My mother had someone decorate the house B My mother had to decorate the house C The house is going to be decorated by my mother D My mother had just decorated the house 11 "Could you hold the line, please?" said the operator A The operator told me to stop my call B The operator told me to speak C The operator told me to wait D The operator told me to call back later 12 If you don't understand this word, look it up in the dictionary A If you know this word, tell me B If you don't know this word, I'll tell you C If my dictionary hasn't got the word, I'll find another one D If you don't know this word, find it in the dictionary 13 She hates shopping in large supermarkets and prefers buying food in small shops or street markets A She never goes shopping B She often buys food in the supermarket C She often buys food in small shops and street markets D She goes shopping every day 14 Surprisingly for an American, he doesn't drink any coke A He always drinks coke B A lot of American people drink coke C He is a surprise for the Americans D He sometimes drinks coke 15 Just breathing the air in Mexico City is the same as smoking 40 cigarettes a day A An average person in Mexico City smokes 40 cigarettes a day B Taking in the air in this city is good for your health C Taking in the air in this city has the same effect as smoking 40 cigarettes D People in Mexico never smoke IV Choose the sentence which is closest in meaning with the given one It took her two hours to housework yesterday A She spent two hours to doing housework yesterday B It took her two hours doing housework yesterday C She spent two hours doing housework yesterday D Do housework yesterday took him two hours The weather is very cold, so they can't go swimming A The weather is so cold that they can't go swimming B The weather isn't cold enough for them to go swimming C The weather is too cold for them going swimming D It is so a cold weather that they can't go swimming My friend is living in Moscow I received this letter from him A My friend, whom I received this letter, is living in Moscow B My friend, from whom I received this letter, is living in Moscow C My friend whom I received this letter from is living in Moscow Mr Nguyen D My friend, that I received this letter, is living in Moscow They saw the children play football in the street A The children were being seen to play football in the street B The children were seen to playing football in the street C The children were seen play football in the street D The children were seen to play football in the street I have never been to France before A It's the first time that I've gone to France B It's the first time that I went to France C It's the first time that I've been to France D It's the first time that I was to France It's a pity that you didn't tell us about this A I wish you told us about this B I wish you had told us about this C I wish you would tell us about this D I wish you have told us about this He's getting them to mend the windows A He's having the windows to mend B He's having to mend the windows C He's having to be mended the windows D He's having the windows mended It started to rain at o'clock and it is still raining A It has been raining at o'clock B It has been raining since o'clock C It has been raining for o'clock D It has been raining in o'clock They made her hand over her passport A She was made to hand over her passport B She was made hand over her passport C She was handed over to make her passport D She was handed over for her passport to make 10 I tried to eat the cake, but it was too sweet A It was such a sweet cake that I couldn't eat it B It was so sweet cake that I couldn't eat it C The cake was too sweet that I couldn't eat it D The cake was very sweet that I couldn't eat it 11 My brother and I went to that school A I went to that school and my brother, too B I went to that school and so my brother did C I went to that school and so did my brother D I went to that school and so my brother did, too 12 She said to us: "Don't be late again." A She said to us not to be late again B She told us to be not late again C She told to us not to be late again D She told us not to be late again 13 I often get up early in the morning A I am used to getting up early in the morning B I am used to get up early in the morning C I used to get up early in the morning D I used to getting up early in the morning 14 Getting a good job doesn't interest him A He isn't good at getting an interesting job B He isn't interested in getting a good job C He is only interested in getting a good job D Even a good job isn't suitable to him 15 The garden is too small to play football in A The garden is so small not to play football in B The garden is small enough to play football in C The garden isn't big enough to play football in D The garden is such small that they can't play football in V Choose the sentence which is closest in meaning with the given one Second prize was awarded to an unknown author from Pastra A An award of second prize was given an unknown author from Pastra B An unknown author from Pastra was awarded second prize C An unknown author from Pastra was awarded with the second prize D Unknown author was awarded second I used to live alone A I lived by myself but I no longer it now B I lived by myself and I was used to it C I am used to living alone D I was used to living by myself I was late for work because the bus broke down A As the bus was broken, I was late for work B Due to a bus break-down, I was late for work C Since the bus broke into pieces, I was late for work Mr Nguyen D Due to the fact that the bus was broken, I was late for work "If I were you, I would get in touch with the boss." A He suggested that I would get in touch with the boss B He suggested keeping in touch with the boss C He recommended that I should get in touch with the boss D He wished he were me so that he could get in touch with the boss I'm not very good at gardening, I'm afraid A I'm not much of a gardener, I'm afraid B I regret that I bad at gardening C I'm scared to work in the garden D I am afraid of working in the garden We started cooking for the party four hours ago A We began to cook for the party for four hours B We have been cooking for the party for four hours C We cooked for the party for four hours D We cooked for the party four hours ago The boatmen were able to escape just before the boat sank A The boatmen could escape just before the boat sank B The boatmen attempted to escape just before the boat sank C The boatmen succeeded to escape just before the boat sank D The boatmen managed to escape just before the boat sank It may be possible for you to go there without a visa A It may not be impossible for you to go there without a visa B You may be possible to go there without a visa C It may be unnecessary for you to get a visa to go there D You may find it possible to get a visa to go there Please don't use the shower after midnight A Would you mind not to use the shower after midnight? B Would you like to use the shower after midnight? C I don't want you to use the shower D Would you mind not using the shower after midnight? 10 It would be better if you did not bring your dog in here A I'd rather you hadn't brought you dog in here.B I wish you hadn't brought your dog in here C I'd rather you didn't bring your dog in here D You have brought your dog in here, which is against the rules 11 The car is more expensive than it ought to be A The car ought to be expensive B The car shouldn't be so cheap C The car looks like an inexpensive automobile D The car costs more than it should 12 Jane hardly ever enjoys eating vegetables A She enjoys eating vegetables B She has fun growing vegetables C She almost never eats vegetables D She sells vegetables for living 13.We had several guests at our house over the holidays A We were guests at our friend's house B Several people visited us during the holidays C The holidays were over by the time our guests arrived D We guessed that several people would come 14 I can't believe that he did it without telling me first A I can't believe what he told me B He told me that he did it first C He didn't believe that I told him first D He didn't inform me before he did it 15 It is too late to change it, so leave it the way it is A It can't be altered at this point B We should change it before he finds it out C We can't leave it the way it is D He should approve the changes before he leaves VI Choose the sentence which is closest in meaning with the given one I've warned you not to leave the door unlocked A You shouldn't unlock the door B Leaving the door unlocked was no good C I've warned you about leaving the door unlocked D I told you not to lock the door Christine suggested getting a new lock for the front door Mr Nguyen A Christine suggested to get the new front door lock B It's necessary for Christine to have a new lock C Christine said "Why don't you get a new lock for the front door?" D Chistine wanted to have a new lock Murder is the most serious of all crimes A Murder is very serious B Everyone is very afraid of murder C No crime is more serious than murder.D Murder is the dangerous crime This is the first time I have lived in a city with a high crime rate A I am not used to living in a city with a high crime rate B I am very afraid of living in a city with a high crime rate C Living in a city with a high crime rate is dangerous D I don't like to live in such a high crime rate I won't agree until Tom apologizes A Only when Tom apologizes will I agree B Only when Tom apologizes I will agree C I only agree when Tom apologize D I wait for Tom apologize to agree I agree he's a good worker but I still don't think he should get the job A He can't get the job though he was a good worker B Despite the fact that he's a good worker, I don't think he should get the job C He is such a good worker that he can get the job D He is too bad to get the job The residents get very angry when bicycles are left in the hallway A The residents didn't like the bicycles in the hallway B The residents was upset because they lost the bicycles C The residents liked the bicycles put out of the hallway D The residents all wish bicycles weren't left in the hall "John shouldn't have behaved so badly," said Janet A Janet doesn't like John's behaviour B Janet objected to John's bad behaviour C Janet dislikes John D Janet was angry with John Anna failed to understand how serious her illness was until she spoke to the doctor A Anna doesn't understand how serious her illness is B Not until she spoke to the doctor did Anna understand how serious her illness was C The doctor said that Anna's illness was very serious D Anna went to see the doctor because she knew that her illness was serious 10 Mary didn't wear the raincoat, so she got a cold A If Mary wore the raincoat, she wouldn't get a cold B If Mary had worn the raincoat, she didn't get a cold C If Mary had worn the raincoat, she wouldn't have got a cold D If Mary has worn the raincoat, she won't have got a cold 11 I've never eaten this food before A It's the first time I've eaten this food B It's the most tasty food I've ever eaten C I've never eaten such a good food before D The food is so good that I've never eaten before 12 We couldn't go out because the weather was so bad A It was so bad a weather that we couldn't go out.B It was such a bad weather that we couldn't go out C It was so bad weather that we couldn't go out D It was such bad weather that we couldn't go out 13 I'm always nervous when I travel by air A Travel by air always makes me nervous B Travelling by air always makes me nervous C I never travel by air because I sometimes feel nervous D I always feel nervous so I never travel by air 14 Caroline asked me what time the meeting would end A Caroline said, "What time will the meeting end?" B Caroline said, "What time would the meeting end?" C Caroline said, "What time the meeting will end?" D Caroline said, "What time the meeting would end?" 15 John said, "You'd better not lend them any money, Daisy." Mr Nguyen A John said Daisy not to lend them any money B John said to Daisy not lend them any money C John advised Daisy should not lend them any money D John advised Daisy not to lend them any money VII Choose the sentence which is closest in meaning with the given one Trying to shop with young children is a nightmare A She never goes shopping alone B She prefers shopping with young children C She likes going shopping with young chidren D She finds shopping with young children stressful and terrible I find shopping stressful because I'm always afraid of making mistakes I've got a collection of awful mistakes at the back of my wardrobe, which I never wear A He's bad at shopping B Shopping always makes him enjoyable C He always makes a mistake when shopping D He buys everything then he puts them at the back of his wardrobe Choosing things from catalogues and the TV shopping channels is the only kind of shopping I enjoy A He doesn't like shopping B He never goes shopping C He likes shopping from home D He likes going to the markets or supermarkets to shop Arantxa spends about nine months a year travelling around the world playing tennis A She stays at home for three months a year B She doesn't have to travel a lot in her job C She spends most of her time staying at home playing tennis D She doesn't play tennis a lot Jame's document got lost in his house A Jame's house is lost B Jame lost his way in the house C Jame could not find his document D The house was lost in Jame's document Jane suggested going a walking holiday A "How about going on a walking holiday?" said Jane B Jane wanted to go on a walking holiday alone C Jane suggested they gone on a walking holiday D Jane didn't want to go on walking holiday I haven't stayed in a hotel for years A It's years since I stay in a hotel B It's years since I stayed in a hotel C I haven't stayed in a hotel years ago D It's years when I stayed in a hotel They rested for a couple of days in Toronto, then went on to Vancouver A After going on to Vancouver, they rested for a couple of days in Toronto B They didn't like Toronto, so they went to Vancouver C Before they went to Vancouver, they came to Toronto D After resting for a couple of days in Toronto, they went on to Vancouver When you are going to tropical countries, you should get medical advice first A Before gone to tropical countries, you should get medical advice first B Before getting medical advice, you're going to tropical countries C You should get medical advice , before you will go to the tropical countries D Before going to tropical countries, you should get medical advice first 10 There's a daily flight to the island at 07.50 A Every day, there is a flight at 7:50 B There's a filght carrying milk to the island at 7:50 C A plane leaves for the island at 07:50 daily D There's a flight to the island at 7:50 every week 11 A train leaves at o'clock every morning A There was an o'clock train every morning B Every train will leave at o'clock C Every morning I see a train leaving D There is an o'clock train every morning 12 That was a silly thing to say A What a silly thing to say B That is very silly C How silly it is! D I don't like silly things 13 The story of their sufferings was painful to listen to A I don't like to listen to their sufferings.B It was painful to listen to the story of their sufferings C They always complained of their sufferings D Their sufferings make me painful 14 Although he took a taxi, Bill still arrived late for the concert A Bill arrived late for the concert because he takes a taxi Mr Nguyen B Bill arrived late for the concert because of the taxi C In spite of taking a taxi, Bill arrived late for the concert D Although Bill took a taxi he can't come to the concert in time 15 It's such a pity your sister can't come as well A I am very sorry that your sister couldn't come B I wonder why your sister can't come C If only your sister could come as well D If only your sister can come VIII Choose the sentence which is closest in meaning with the given one The thick fog made it impossible for the plane to land A The plane couldn't land B The plane was unable to land because the fog is thick C The plane was unable to land because of the thick fog D The plane is impossible to land A local woman washed all Rose's clothes for her A Rose had all her clothes washed by a local woman B Rose asked to local woman wash all her clothes C All of Rose's clothes has been washed by a local woman D Rose had all her clothes to wash by a local woman Barbara is not as keen on travel as she used to be A Barbara is very keen on travel B Barbara used to be keener on travel C Barbara used to travel many places D Barbara likes travelling Eric hasn't been to London since his sister's birthday A Eric came to London on his sister's birthday B The last time Eric went to London was on his sister's birthday C Eric hasn't visited to London for many years D Eric missed his sister's birthday because he couldn't go to London The Caribbean cruise takes six weeks A It's a six-week Caribbean cruise B It's a six-weeks Caribbean cruise C The cruise has been to Caribbean for weeks D It's six-week Caribbean cruise The train came suddenly to a stop and some passengers were injured A Coming suddenly to a stop, some passengers were injured B Coming suddenly to a stop, the train made some passengers injured C Suddenly stopping running, some passengers were injured D Suddenly stopped, some passengers injured themselves No sooner had Alice registered for the course than she received the scholarship A As soon as Alice registered for the course, she received the scholarship B Registering for the course helped Alice receive the scholarship C Alice registered for the course soon after receiving the scholarship D Rather than receive the scholarship, Alice registered for the course No one but you and me knows who the robber was A Only you know who the robber was B Only I know who the robber was C Only one knows who the robber was D Only you and I know who the robber was The fare of my airline ticket costs more than the hotel A The fare of my airline ticket costs more than the hotel does B The fare of my airline ticket costs more than any hotel C The fare of my airline ticket costs more than price of the hotel D The fare which I paid for my airline ticket was more than the hotel 10 The critics were bored with the play while I found it absorbing A The critics were bored with the play which I found it absorbing B The critics were bored with the play, therefore, I found it absorbing C The critics were bored with the play so I found it absorbing D The critics were bored with the play but I found it absorbing 11 I wish my English were fluent enough to go for the interview A My English is too fluent to go for the interview B My English is fluent enough to go for the interview Mr Nguyen C If only my English were fluent enough for me to go for the interview D My English were fluent enough and I could go for the interview 12 William runs faster than any boys in his class A No one in William's class can run as fast as him B William is the quickest boy in his class C William is running faster than anyone else in his class.D William runs the fastest in his school 13 I'd prefer to go swimming than go surfing A Swimming is more interesting than go surfing B I like going swimming to going surfing C I would like to go swimming, not go surfing D Swimming is better than surfing, in my opinion 14 In order to settle the matter, I will accept their suggestion A To settle the matter, you should accept their suggestion B Setting the matter, I accept their suggestion C I will accept their suggestion in case the matter is settled D I will accept their suggestion to settle the matter 15 "I'm sorry I have to leave so early," he said A He apologized for having to leave early B He apologized to have to leave early C He apologized that he has to leave early D He apologized to have left early IX Choose the sentence which is closest in meaning with the given one Susan felt sick because she ate four cream cakes A If Susan ate four cream cakes, she would feel sick B Susan eats four cakes so she feels sick C If Susan hadn't eaten four cream cakes, she wouldn't feel sick D If Susan hadn't eaten four cakes, she wouldn't have felt sick When I was younger I used to go climbing more than I now A Now I don't go climbing any more B I used to go climbing when I was younger C Now I don't go climbing as much as I did D I don't like going climbing any more I'll find that man, no matter how long it takes A It takes me a long time to find that man B However long it may take, I'll find that man C I can't find that man because it will take a long time D Although it took a long time I could find that man Wherever he goes, his mother goes too A His mother follows him wherever he goes B He follows his mother's way C He always follows his mother's advice D His mother shows him the way to go What particularly impressed me was her excellent command of English A Her excellent command of English particularly impresses me B Her excellent command of English particular impresses me C I like her excellent command of English D I was particularly impressed by her excellent command of English He got over his illness in three months A It took to get over his illness in three months.B It took three months to him to get over his illness C It took him three months to get over his illness.D It took three months for his illness to get over She was so busy that she couldn't answer the phone A She was very busy that she couldn't answer the phone B She was too busy to answer the phone C She was too busy not to answer the phone D She was very busy so that she couldn't answer the phone I didn't listen to him, and I didn't succeed A If I listened to him, I would succeed.B If I had listened to him, I would succeed C If I listened to him, I would have succeeded.D If I had listened to him, I would have succeeded Though he tried hard, he didn't succeed A However hard he tried, he didn't succeed.B However he tried hard, he didn't succeed C However he didn't succeed, he tried hard.D However he tried hard, but he didn't succeed 10 This office is too small for four people A This office is very small for four people.B This office isn't big enough for four people C This office is so small to have four people.D This office isn't enough big for four people Mr Nguyen Câu gốc: Dần bị điếc hoàn toàn, Bét-thô-ven buộc phải soạn nhạc "trong đầu" - A: Bét-thô-ven buộc phải soạn nhạc "trong đầu" để giữ cho riêng ông ta - B: Bét-thô-ven buộc phải soạn nhạc "trong đầu" ông bị điếc - C: Bị điếc ngăn cản Bét-thô-ven soạn nhạc "trong đầu" - D: Bét-thô-ven bị điếc sau ông soạn nhạc "trong đầu" Đáp án B 12 It has been said that UFO sightings are increasing A People say that UFO sightings are increasing B People have said that UFO sightings are increasing C That UFO sightings are increasing is true D UFO has been said to be increasing Câu gốc câu bị động, động từ chia hoàn thành Câu có nghĩa là: Người ta nói số vụ nhìn thấy đĩa bay người hành tinh tăng lên - A: khác so với câu gốc - B: động từ chia với câu gốc dạng chủ động câu gốc - C: khác nghĩa (Việc số vụ nhìn thấy đĩa bay người hành tinh tăng lên có thật.) - D: thiếu sightings sau UFO -> thiếu ý Đáp án B 13 Never have people been so well informed as they are now, thanks to TV news programs A People have been so informative thanks to TV news programs nowadays B Thanks to TV news programs, people are now too well informed C People are better informed than they have been, thanks to TV news programs D TV news programs are very informative than before and people are better informed Câu gốc có tượng đảo trợ động từ lên trước chủ ngữ có trạng từ phủ định đứng đầu câu Câu có nghĩa là: Chưa người cung cấp tin tức tốt nhờ có chương trình tin tức ti vi - A: câu có vấn đề nghĩa tính từ informative (nhiều thông tin, chi tiết) thường dùng để miêu tả vật/sự việc, không dùng để nói người - B: Nhờ có chương trình tin tức ti vi, người ngày cung cấp tin tức tốt - C: Ngày người cung cấp tin tức tốt trước nhờ có chương trình tin tức ti vi - D: Câu có dùng từ than tính từ lại không dạng so sánh Đáp án C 14 A lot of language young people use is not understood by their parents A Young people use a lot of languages their parents can't stand B A lot of the language yound people use is understandable by their parents C A lot of young people use the language their parents not speak D Some parents can not understand a lot of the language young people use Câu gốc: Giới trẻ sử dụng nhiều từ ngữ mà bố mẹ chúng hiểu - A: Giới trẻ dùng nhiều thứ tiếng mà bố mẹ chúng chẳng thể chịu đựng - B: Rất nhiều ngôn ngữ giới trẻ sử dụng hiểu bố mẹ chúng - C: Nhiều người trẻ tuổi sử dụng thứ ngôn ngữ mà bố mẹ chúng không dùng - D: Một vài bậc phụ huynh hiểu nhiều từ ngữ mà giới trẻ sử dụng D đáp án Lưu ý: câu language danh từ không đếm có nghĩa "lời nói, cách diễn đạt" Khi danh từ đếm có nghĩa thứ tiếng (tiếng Anh, tiếng Nga ) 15 Had he known more about the internet, he would have invested in some computer companies A Knowing about the internet helped him invest in some computer companies B He did not know much about the internet and he did not invest in any computer companies C Knowing about the internet, he would have invested in some computer companies D He would have invested in some computer companies without his knowledge of the internet Mr Nguyen Câu gốc có tượng đảo trợ động từ "had" lên đầu câu Đây câu điều kiện loại bỏ "if" - câu điều kiện nói việc thật khứ Câu có nghĩa là: Nếu anh biết nhiều internet anh đầu tư vào vài công ty máy tính - A: Biết internet giúp anh đầu tư vào vài công ty máy tính - B: Anh nhiều internet anh không đầu tư vào công ty máy tính -> câu nói thực tế theo câu gốc - C: dùng would have PII câu không thích hợp - D: Anh đầu tư vào số công ty máy tính mà kiến thức internet -> câu không lô gic mặt ý nghĩa B đáp án XII Choose the sentence which is closest in meaning with the given one Study all night is good for neither your grades nor your health A Study all night is good for your grades B Study all night does not help at all C Study all night is good for your health D Study all night is helpful to you Câu gốc: Học đêm không tốt cho điểm số cho sức khỏe - A: Học đêm có lợi cho điểm số - B: Học đêm chẳng giúp ích - C: Học đêm có lợi cho sức khỏe - D: Học đêm có lợi cho bạn B đáp án My purpose in calling this meeting is to present the latest sales figures A I have called this meeting in order to present the latest sales figures B I aimed to call this meeting because I wanted to know the latest sales figures C I have called this meeting in order that I would present the latest sales figures D Both A and C Câu gốc: Mục đích triệu tập họp để trình bày doanh số bán hàng gần - A: Tôi triệu tập họp để trình bày doanh số bán hàng gần - B: Tôi định triệu tập họp muốn biết doanh số bán hàng gần - C giống nghĩa câu A khác chỗ dùng in order that + clause Cả A C => D đáp án in order to V in order that + clause dùng để mục đích But for his father's early retirement, Richard would not have taken over the family's business A Richard only took over the family's business because his father decided to retire early B Richard didn't take over the family's business because his father decided to retire C His father retired early, but he ran the family's business D Richard's father didn't want him to take over the family's business despite his retirement But for dùng thay if not theo sau danh từ Câu gốc có nghĩa "Nếu không bố nghỉ hưu sớm Richard không tiếp quản công việc kinh doanh gia đình." - A: Richard tiếp quản công việc kinh doanh gia đình bố định nghỉ hưu sớm - B: Richard không tiếp quản công việc kinh doanh gia đình bố định nghỉ hưu - C: Bố nghỉ hưu sớm điều hành việc kinh doanh gia đình - D: Bố Richard không muốn anh tiếp quản công việc kinh doanh gia đình ông ta nghỉ hưu A đáp án I find myself at a loss to understand Harold's behavior A I lost contact with Harold, so I couldn't understand his behavior B I have to lose a lot to understand Harold's behavior C I understood Harold's behavior completely Mr Nguyen D I find Harold's behavior quite incomprehensible at a loss to something: bối rối, phải làm Câu gốc có nghĩa là: Tôi không hiểu cách cư xử Harold - A: Tôi liên lạc với Harold, hiểu cách cư xử Harold - B: Tôi phải nhiều để hiểu cách cư xử Harold - C: Tôi hoàn toàn hiểu cách cư xử Harold - D: Tôi thấy cách cư xử Harold khó hiểu D đáp án With the exception of the music teacher every member of the staff attended the farewell party A The music teacher was very exceptional at the farewell party B All the staff members including the music teacher attended the farewell party C The music teacher was the only member of the staff not to attend the farewell party D All of the above Câu gốc: Ngoại trừ giáo viên âm nhạc, thành viên khác trường tham dự bữa tiệc chia tay - A: Giáo viên âm nhạc tỏ khác thường bữa tiệc chia tay - B: Tất thành viên bao gồm giáo viên dạy nhạc tham dự bữa tiệc chia tay - C: Giáo viên âm nhạc người không tham dự bữa tiệc chia tay - D: Tất câu C đáp án Although he was very tired, he agreed to help me with my homework A Tired as he was, he agreed to help me with my homework B Despite being very tired, but he agreed to help me with my homework C Tired though he was, but he agreed to help me with my homework D As tired as was he, he agreed to help me with my homework Câu gốc: Mặc dù mệt ông đồng ý giúp làm tập nhà - Đáp án A Câu sử dụng cấu trúc: adj+ as + S + (might/may) + (V) = although (mặc dù ) - B C không dùng despite though không dùng but - D sử dụng dạng so sánh không thích hợp I'm like my mum, whereas my brother looks like my dad A I'm like my mum, whereas my brother takes after my dad B I'm like my mum, whereas my brother takes over my dad C I'm like my mum, whereas my brother takes on my dad D I'm like my mum, whereas my brother takes in my dad Câu gốc: Tôi giống mẹ anh trai giống bố - Các đáp án gần giống khác cách dùng động từ thành ngữ - Để làm câu em phải biết nghĩa động từ thành ngữ đó: take after : giống take over : tiếp quản take sb on : thuê, chiến đấu take sb in: cho nhờ A đáp án She had only just begun to speak when people started interrupting A She hardly had begun to speak when people started interrupting B Hardly she had begun to speak when people started interrupting C Hardly had she begun to speak when people started interrupting D She hadn't begun to speak when people started interrupting Câu gốc: Cô vừa bắt đầu nói người bắt đầu cắt ngang Hardly có nghĩa "gần không" dùng cấu trúc Hardly when muốn diễn tả việc vừa diễn hành động khác diễn Lưu ý, dùng cấu trúc phải đảo ngữ sau hardly C đáp án Mr Nguyen They would have never accepted his money if they had known his plan A They knew what he wanted to do, so they refused his money B They agreed with his wishes because they were glad to have his money C They took the money he offered them without realizing his purposes D They didn't know his plan and never took the money from him Câu gốc câu điều kiện loại (điều kiện thật khứ), có nghĩa "Họ không nhận tiền biết kế hoạch anh ta." Điều có nghĩa thực tế họ nhận tiền họ kế hoạch - A: Họ biết muốn làm gì, họ từ chối tiền - B: Họ đồng ý với ước muốn họ vui có tiền - C: Họ cầm tiền mà không nhận mục đích - D: Họ kế hoạch chưa cầm tiền C đáp án 10 I was on the point of leaving the house when he came A No sooner had I left the house than he came B I had hardly left the house when he came C When he came I had just left the house D I was just about to leave the house when he came Be on the point of Ving = be about to V -> sửa làm Đáp án D Cả hai câu có nghĩa "Khi anh đến chuẩn bị rời khỏi nhà." 11 Without skilful surgery he would not have survived the operation A Had it been for skilful surgery he would not have survived the operation B He wouldn't have survived the operation if he hadn't had skilful surgery C But for skilful surgery he would not have survived the operation D With skilful surgery he would have survived the operation Câu gốc: Nếu phẫu thuật khéo léo cậu sống sót sau ca mổ Ta có without = but for C đáp án 12 If only I had taken that job in the bank A I regret not taking that job in the bank B I regret not to take that job in the bank C I wish I took that job in the bank D I wish I have taken that job in the bank Câu gốc: Giá mà có công việc ngân hàng Đây câu mang tính chất giả định Sự việc nêu câu thật khứ (vì động từ chia lùi lại thì, trở thành khứ hoàn thành) - A B sử dụng "regret" cấu trúc khác nhau: regret + (not) V-ing: hối hận làm/không làm gì, regret + to V: tiếc phải làm - C câu điều ước cho - D chia động từ không thích hợp A đáp án 13 Success in the academic field depends on your number of qualifications A Your number of qualifications is a result of your success in the academic field B You are successful in the academic field, so you have more qualifications C The more success you are in the academic field, the more qualifications you have D The more qualifications you have, the more successful you are in the academic field Câu gốc: Thành công lĩnh vực hàn lâm phụ thuộc vào số lượng cấp A: Số lượng cấp kết thành công lĩnh vực hàn lâm B: Anh thành công lĩnh vực hàn lâm nên anh có nhiều cấp C: Anh thành công lĩnh vực hàn lâm anh có nhiều cấp Mr Nguyen D: Anh có nhiều cấp anh thành công lĩnh vực hàn lâm D đáp án đáp án lại thiết lập sai mối quan hệ vế 14 Does parking here cost anything? A Is parking here costly? B Do I need to pay for parking here? C How much you charge for parking here? D Do I have to pay for the park here? Câu gốc: Đỗ xe có tiền không? A: Đỗ xe có đắt không? B: Tôi có cần trả tiền cho việc đỗ xe không? C: Đỗ xe anh thu tiền? D: Tôi có phải trả tiền cho công viên không? B đáp án 15 No one but James knew how to solve the problem A The problem couldn't be solved by anyone B Everyone knew how to solve the problem C James was the only one who couldn't solve the problem D Only James could solve the problem Câu gốc: Không James biết cách làm để giải vấn đề A: Vấn đề giải B: Tất người biết cách giải vấn đề C: James người giải vấn đề D: Chỉ có James giải vấn đề D đáp án XIII Rewrite the following sentences without changing their meaning, using the given words It's a long time since he last called me He hasn't _called me for a long time Câu gốc nghĩa "Đã lâu kể từ lần cuối anh gọi cho tôi." Nhìn vào từ gợi ý ta thấy cần chia động từ hoàn thành (have/ has + PII (+ for/ since) ) để viết lại câu "a long time" khoảng thời gian, nên ta sử dụng "for" Câu viết lại nghĩa "Anh không gọi cho lâu rồi." When did he get the job? How long ago _did he get the job? Câu gốc nghĩa "Anh tìm việc nào?" Từ gợi ý "How long ago" có nghĩa "Cách bao lâu" có nghĩa tương đương với từ để hỏi "When" Vậy để viết lại câu gốc, ta cần viết nội dung sau từ để hỏi "When" vào sau "How long ago" I advise you to book a table in advance If I _were you, I would book a table in advance Câu gốc lời khuyên có nghĩa "Tớ khuyên cậu nên đặt bàn trước." Nhìn vào từ gợi ý ta thấy câu viết lại câu điều kiện Ta có cấu trúc câu điều kiện loại sử dụng lời khuyên: "If + S + were + …, S + would + V …" Câu viết lại nghĩa "Nếu tớ cậu tớ đặt bàn trước." I don't want to tell them the secret I would rather _not tell them the secret Câu gốc nghĩa "Tôi không muốn nói với họ bí mật đó." Để viết lại câu ta dùng cấu trúc "would rather (not) sth": (không) muốn làm If I improved my English speaking skill, I would easily get that job Were _I to improve my English speaking skill, I would easily get that job Ta thấy câu gốc dùng câu điều kiện loại 2, từ gợi ý câu viết lại "Were" Do để viết lại câu ta dùng cấu trúc dạng đảo câu điều kiện loại "Were + S + to V, S + would + V" Mr Nguyen We wanted to get good seats so we arrived early In order _to get good seats, we arrived early Câu gốc nghĩa "Chúng muốn có chỗ ngồi tốt nên đến sớm." Câu viết lại có gợi ý "In order" Do ta sử dụng cấu trúc "In order to sth" mục đích để viết lại câu Câu viết lại nghĩa "Để có chỗ ngồi tốt, đến sớm." It took her nearly an hour to the crossword She spent _nearly an hour doing the crossword Ta có cấu trúc "It + take + sb + time + to sth" = "S + spend + time + doing sth" có nghĩa "Ai thời gian làm gì." The policeman made him confess after three days He was _made to confess after three days Câu gốc có nghĩa "Cảnh sát buộc ta thú nhận sau ngày." Nhìn vào từ gợi ý câu viết lại "He was" ta thấy câu cần chuyển sang thể bị động Cấu trúc "make sb sth" chuyển sang bị động có dạng "be made to sth" Nga finds Maths easier than Physics Physics is not as easy as Maths for Nga Câu gốc nghĩa "Nga thấy môn Toán dễ môn Vật lý." Câu viết lại bắt đầu "Physics is not", ta cần sử dụng dạng so sánh không "S1 + to be + not + as/so + adj + as + S2" Câu viết lại nghĩa "Đối với Nga môn Vật lý không dễ môn Toán." 10 I advise you to see a doctor You ought _to see a doctor Câu gốc nghĩa "Tôi khuyên anh nên khám đi." Câu viết lại có sử dụng "ought", nên ta sử dụng "ought to + V" (nên làm gì) để viết lại câu XIV Rewrite the following sentences without changing their meaning, using the given words It's a pity I didn't go on holiday with my class last week I wish I had gone on holiday with my class last week Câu gốc nghĩa "Thật tiếc tớ không nghỉ mát với lớp tớ tuần trước." Câu viết lại có động từ "wish", nên ta suy câu ước Câu gốc sử dụng khứ đơn, để ước điều ngược với thực tế khứ, ta sử dụng khứ hoàn thành để viết lại câu My friends and I got lost in the woods because we didn't bring a compass My friends and I wouldn't have got lost in the woods if we had brought a compass Câu gốc nghĩa "Bạn tớ tớ lạc đường rừng chúng tớ không mang theo la bàn." Nhìn từ gợi ý ta thấy câu viết lại sử dụng câu điều kiện loại "S + would have + PII if S + had + PII" Câu viết lại nghĩa "Bạn tớ tớ lẽ không bị lạc đường rừng chúng tớ mang theo la bàn." My sister enjoys coke more than lemonade My sister prefers coke to lemonade Câu gốc nghĩa "Chị gái tớ thích coca nước chanh." Câu viết lại có sử dụng động từ "prefer" Do ta dùng cấu trúc "prefer sth to sth" (thích gì) để viết lại câu Jenny has the same number of shirts as Jack Jack has as many shirts as Jenny Câu gốc nghĩa "Jenny có số lượng áo sơ mi với Jack." Nhìn vào từ gợi ý ta thấy câu viết lại cần sử dụng dạng so sánh bằng, mà "shirts" danh từ đếm số nhiều nên ta dùng "as many shirts as" It is possible that Linh will go to the party with her boyfriend tonight Linh may go to the party with her boyfriend tonight Câu gốc nghĩa "Có thể Linh đến bữa tiệc với bạn trai tối nay." Ở câu viết lại ta thấy có sử dụng động từ khuyết thiếu "may" (có thể) để diễn tả dự đoán, nên sau ta sử dụng động từ nguyên thể Steven Spielberg has directed a lot of successful films A lot of successful films have been directed by Steven Spielberg Mr Nguyen Câu gốc nghĩa "Steven Spielberg đạo diễn nhiều phim thành công." Câu viết lại bắt đầu tân ngữ câu gốc "A lot of successful films" nên ta cần sử dụng dạng bị động câu Câu gốc chia hoàn thành nên câu viết lại chia hoàn thành Chủ ngữ câu viết lại dạng số nhiều nên ta cần dùng "have" Her hair needs cutting She needs to have her hair cut Câu gốc nghĩa "Tóc cô cần cắt." Từ gợi ý "She needs", ta suy câu viết lại có nghĩa "Cô cần cắt tóc.", mà cô tự cắt tóc cho được, ta cần dùng cấu trúc "have sth done" (thuê ai/ nhờ làm gì) Hơn nữa, sau động từ "need" ta cần chia động từ dạng nguyên thể có "to" The robber made the bank clerk give him all the money The robber forced the bank clerk to give him all the money Ta có cấu trúc "to make sb sth" = "to force sb to sth" có nghĩa "bắt phải làm gì" "I'll help you to repair your motorbike tomorrow," my father said to me My father told me he would help me to repair my motorbike the following day Câu gốc nghĩa "Bố nói với : "Ngày mai bố giúp sửa xe máy."" Nhìn vào từ gợi ý ta thấy cần chuyển câu gốc sang câu gián tiếp Trong câu ta sử dụng "that" sau tân ngữ "me" không Khi chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang gián tiếp ta cần lùi Do ta cần chuyển "will" thành "would" Ngoài trạng từ thời gian "tomorrow" cần chuyển thành "the following day" "the next day" 10 Jimmy has a cold He still wants to take part in the football match Despite having a cold, Jimmy still wants to take part in the football match Câu gốc nghĩa "Jimmy bị cảm lạnh Anh muốn tham gia trận bóng đá." Câu viết lại bắt đầu "Despite having" (mặc dù bị) nên ta suy sau cần danh từ Câu viết lại nghĩa "Dù bị cảm lạnh Jimmy muốn tham gia trận đấu bóng đá." Rewrite the following sentences without changing their meaning, using the given words If the plane leaves on time, we'll arrive in Paris at noon Should the plane leave on time, we'll arrive in Paris at noon Ta thấy câu gốc sử dụng câu điều kiện loại từ gợi ý "Should" Vậy để viết lại câu ta sử dụng dạng đảo câu điều kiện loại "Should + S + V, S + will + V" They saw two men running out of the bank with big bags on their shoulders Two men were seen running out of the bank with big bags on their shoulders Câu gốc nghĩa "Họ nhìn thấy hai người đàn ông chạy khỏi ngân hàng với túi to vai." Nhìn vào chủ ngữ câu viết lại tân ngữ câu gốc "Two men" ta suy cần dùng dạng bị động Câu gốc chia khứ đơn nên câu viết lại cần sử dụng động từ "to be" khứ "were" "I saw the movie you recommended last night," he said to her He told her that he had seen the movie she had recommended the night before Ta thấy câu gốc lời nói trực tiếp Nhìn vào từ gợi ý ta thấy cần chuyển câu gốc sang gián tiếp Câu gốc có động từ chia khứ đơn, nên chuyển sang gián tiếp cần lùi chuyển thành khứ hoàn thành Trạng từ "last night" cần chuyển thành "the night before" "the previous night" Mr Nguyen Sam eats a lot every day However, she still looks rawboned Even though Sam eats a lot every day, she still looks rawboned Câu gốc nghĩa "Mỗi ngày Sam ăn nhiều Tuy nhiên, cô trông gầy giơ xương."Ta thấy mệnh đề có ý nghĩa đối lập nhau, câu viết lại ta dùng "Even though" (Dù, mặc dù), sau mệnh đề I didn't want to disturb him so I didn't call him So as not to disturb him, I didn't call him Câu gốc nghĩa "Tôi không muốn quấy rầy anh nên không gọi cho anh ấy." Ta có cấu trúc "So as (not) to sth" dùng để mục đích It's such an expensive television that we can't buy it This television is too expensive for us to buy Câu gốc nghĩa "Chiếc ti vi thật đắt mua nó." Câu viết lại theo cấu trúc sau đây: N + be + too + adj + (for sb) + to V N + be + not + adj + enough + (for sb) + to V N + be + so + adj + that clause I usually listen to music when I am stressed and tired I am used to listening to music when I am stressed and tired Câu gốc nghĩa "Tôi thường nghe nhạc thấy căng thẳng mệt mỏi." Nhìn vào từ gợi ý ta thấy cần dùng cấu trúc câu "to be used to V-ing" (quen với việc làm gì) để viết lại câu We seldom go to the beach in winter Seldom we go to the beach in winter Câu viết lại bắt đầu trạng từ "Seldom", ta cần sử dụng đảo ngữ câu Câu gốc sử dụng động từ thường "go" đơn, nên ta sử dụng trợ động từ "do" trước chủ ngữ "we" câu viết lại He didn't spill coffee on the laptop It wasn't him that spilled coffee on the laptop Ta có cấu trúc nhấn mạnh "It + be + từ cần nhấn mạnh + that/ who/ when …" Ta thấy từ cần nhấn mạnh câu "him", nên ta cần dùng đại từ "that/ who" 10 If you practice more, you'll play better The more you practice, the better you'll play Ta có cấu trúc so sánh kép "The + comparative + S1 + V1, the + comparative + S2 + V2" Câu viết lại có nghĩa "Bạn thực hành nhiều bạn chơi giỏi." Rewrite the following sentences without changing their meaning, using the given words If they had left earlier, they wouldn't have missed the train Had they left earlier, they wouldn't have missed the train Mr Nguyen Câu gốc dùng câu điều kiện loại từ gợi ý "Had", nên ta suy câu viết lại cần sử dụng đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại Ta có cấu trúc "Had + S + PII, S + would have + PII" My mother is making a cake for my birthday A cake is being made for my birthday by my mother Ta thấy câu viết lại bắt đầu tân ngữ câu gốc "A cake" nên ta cần dùng dạng bị động để viết lại câu Câu gốc chia tiếp diễn nên câu viết lại động từ chia tiếp diễn "is being made" "Don't be afraid," he said to his daughter He told his daughter not to be afraid Câu gốc nghĩa "Ông nói với gái "Đừng sợ"" Câu trực tiếp câu mệnh lệnh câu viết lại bắt đầu "He told" Ta có cấu trúc "tell sb (not) to sth" (bảo (đừng) làm gì) I have never been late for work before Never before have I been late for work Câu viết lại bắt đầu trạng từ mang nghĩa phủ định "Never before", nên ta cần sử dụng đảo ngữ câu Câu gốc chia hoàn thành dạng phủ định, nhiên "never" mang nghĩa phủ định rồi, ta đảo trợ động từ "have" lên trước chủ ngữ "I" để viết lại câu It's so cold I don't like it at all I wish it wasn't so cold Câu gốc chia đơn Câu viết lại dùng động từ "wish" để nói giả định ngược với thực tế tại, mệnh đề sau "wish" ta cần chia động từ khứ đơn Our company spent thousands of dollars upgrading our computer systems It took our company thousands of dollars to upgrade our computer systems Ta có cấu trúc "It takes sb + time/ money + to sth = Sb + spend + time/ money + doing sth" có nghĩa "Ai thời gian/ tiền bạc làm gì." Do you understand what he means? Are you aware of what he means? Ta có "understand = be aware of" có nghĩa "hiểu, biết" She can't sleep at night because she has a backache Because of her backache, she can't sleep at night Ta có "Because + clause = because of + N" I prefer you not to tell anyone about this I'd rather you didn't tell anyone about this Ta có cấu trúc "S + prefer sb + to V = S + would rather S + V (past simple)" có nghĩa "muốn làm gì" Do câu viết lại ta cần chia động từ khứ "didn't tell/ did not tell" 10 Mr Nguyen No sooner had I entered the room than the light went out Hardly had I entered the room when the light went out Ta có cấu trúc "No sooner + had + S + PII + than + S + V (past simple)" = "Hardly + had + S + PII when + S + V (past simple)" có nghĩa "ngay sau … …" Rewrite the following sentences without changing their meaning, using the given words The government will introduce new measures against crime next year New measures against crime will be introduced by the government next year Câu gốc nghĩa "Chính phủ giới thiệu biện pháp chống tội phạm năm tới." Dựa vào câu gốc nhìn vào từ gợi ý ta thấy câu viết lại cần chuyển sang câu bị động tương lai đơn Tuy nhiên chủ ngữ câu phải cụm từ “new measures against crime” Trạng từ thời gian "next year" đặt cuối câu "Bring me a cup of tea, please," she said to him She asked him to bring her a cup of tea Câu gốc câu đề nghị dạng câu mệnh lệnh "Làm ơn mang cho tách trà." Câu viết lại bắt đầu "She asked" Ta có cấu trúc "to ask sb to sth" (nhờ ai/ yêu cầu làm gì) As soon as he arrived in London, he phoned his parents No sooner had he arrived in London than he phoned his parents Ta có "As soon as S1 + V(past simple), S2 + V(past simple)" = "No sooner + had + S1 + PII + than S2 + V(past simple)" (Ngay … …) I don't think he cares about his employees At no time I think he cares about his employees Câu gốc nghĩa "Tôi không nghĩ quan tâm đến nhân viên mình." Ta có cấu trúc "At no time + dạng đảo ngữ": không nào, chẳng Chủ ngữ câu gốc "I" động từ chia đơn nên ta dùng trợ động từ "do" đảo lên trước chủ ngữ câu viết lại Câu viết lại có nghĩa "Không nghĩ quan tâm tới nhân viên cả." There is no point in persuading him to change his mind It's not worth persuading him to change his mind Ta có cấu trúc "there is no point in doing sth" = "to be not worth doing sth" có nghĩa "không đáng để làm gì" This is the first time I have spoken in front of so many people I was not used to speaking in front of so many people Ta có cấu trúc "This is the first time + S + have + PII …" (Đây lần làm gì) = "S + be + not used to + Ving/N …" (Ai không quen với việc làm gì) It's Lan's duty to type the report and send it to the manager Lan is supposed to type the report and send it to the manager Mr Nguyen Ta có cấu trúc "It's + one's duty + to + V …" (Nhiệm vụ làm gì) = "S + be + supposed to sth …" (Ai cho phải làm gì) My father let the children splash around in the pool for a while yesterday My father allowed the children to splash around in the pool for a while yesterday Ta có cấu trúc "S + let + sb + sth" = "S + allow + sb + to sth" có nghĩa "Ai để/cho phép làm gì" People believe that the climate is changing The climate is believed to be changing Câu gốc viết dạng chủ động có cấu trúc "People + believe + that + clause" Ta thấy câu cần viết lại dạng bị động có cấu trúc "S + be + believed + to V …" Mệnh đề sau "that" chia tiếp diễn nên câu bị động ta sử dụng "to be changing" 10 If he hadn't helped me, I wouldn't have finished my report on time But for his help, I wouldn't have finished my report on time Câu gốc nghĩa "Nếu anh không giúp tôi hoàn thành báo cáo hạn." "But for" (nếu ) sử dụng câu điều kiện loại 2, mang nghĩa giả định Sau "But for" " N/ V-ing", nên câu viết lại ta dùng danh từ "his help" thay cho mệnh đề điều kiện câu gốc Rewrite the following sentences without changing their meaning, using the given words My elder brother looks really like my father My elder brother takes after my father Câu gốc nghĩa "Anh trai tớ nhìn giống bố tớ." Câu viết lại có sử dụng động từ "take" Ta có cụm động từ "take after sb" (giống ai) You can try to persuade him to lend you some money but you won't succeed It's no use trying to persuade him to lend you some money He won't lend you any Câu gốc nghĩa "Cậu cố thuyết phục anh cho cậu vay tiền cậu không vay đâu." Ta có cấu trúc "It's no use doing sth" (vô ích/không có tác dụng làm gì) Câu viết lại có nghĩa "Cố thuyết phục anh cho cậu vay tiền chẳng ích đâu Anh ta chẳng cho cậu vay đồng nào." Scientists might soon discover a cure for cancer A cure for cancer might soon be discovered Câu gốc nghĩa "Các nhà khoa học sớm tìm cách chữa bệnh ung thư." Câu viết lại bắt đầu tân ngữ câu gốc "A cure for cancer", nên ta cần chia câu dạng bị động với động từ khuyết thiếu "might" "You should always wear your helmet when riding your motorbike," his father told him His father advised him to always wear his helmet when riding his motorbike Câu gốc có nghĩa "Bố cậu nói với cậu rằng: "Con luôn nên đội mũ bảo hiểm lái xe máy."" Mr Nguyen Câu cần viết lại có sử dụng động từ "advised", ta có cấu trúc "advise sb to sth" (khuyên nên làm gì) You will pass the exam next week if you study hard Only by studying hard will you pass the exam next week Câu gốc nghĩa "Bạn đỗ kỳ thi tuần tới bạn học hành chăm chỉ." Câu viết lại bắt đầu "Only by" (Chỉ cách), sau "by" ta cần sử dụng động từ dạng V-ing "studying" Mệnh đề phía sau "Only by" cần đảo ngữ, ta đảo "will" lên trước chủ ngữ "you" Câu viết lại nghĩa "Chỉ cách học hành chăm bạn đỗ kì thi tuần tới." The weather was so bad that the plane couldn't land The bad weather prevented the plane from landing Câu gốc nghĩa "Thời tiết xấu máy bay hạ cánh được." Nhìn vào từ gợi ý ta thấy cần sử dụng cấu trúc "prevent sb/ sth from doing sth" để viết lại câu I am sure it was by mistake that she took your bag I am sure she didn't intend to take your bag Câu gốc sử dụng cấu trúc nhấn mạnh để nói "Tôi chắn việc cô lấy túi cậu nhầm lẫn thôi." Ta có "intend to sth" (chủ định làm gì) Câu viết lại có nghĩa "Tôi chắn cô không chủ định lấy túi cậu." It was only when I came home that I realized I'd forgotten my key in my office Not until I came home did I realize I'd forgotten my key in my office Câu viết lại bắt đầu "Not until" nên ta cần dùng dạng đảo ngữ mệnh đề Câu gốc chia động từ khứ nên ta dùng trợ động từ "did" đảo lên trước chủ ngữ "I" viết lại câu I'd prefer it if you didn't smoke in this room Would you mind not smoking in this room? Câu gốc nghĩa "Tôi muốn bạn đừng hút thuốc phòng này." Ta có cấu trúc "Would you mind + (not) Ving?" dùng để đưa đề nghị lịch 10 It was such an interesting movie that I stayed up half the night to watch it The movie was so interesting that I stayed up half the night to watch it Ta có cấu trúc "It + be + such a/ an + adj + N + that …" = "N + be + so + adj + that …" có nghĩa "… … …" Rewrite the sentences without changing their meaning, using the given words They should have provided more food and drink at the reception More food and drink should have been provided at the reception Câu gốc nghĩa "Họ lẽ nên cung cấp nhiều thức ăn đồ uống quầy lễ tân." Câu viết lại bắt đầu tân ngữ câu gốc "More food and drink", nên câu cần viết lại thể bị động Mr Nguyen "Can I go home now?" he asked He asked if he could go home then Câu gốc lời nói trực tiếp "Tôi nhà không?" Dựa vào từ gợi ý ta thấy cần chuyển câu sang gián tiếp Câu hỏi câu gốc câu hỏi Yes-No tại, nên chuyển sang câu gián tiếp ta cần sử dụng cấu trúc "ask if/ whether + mệnh đề khứ" Trạng từ "now" cần chuyển thành "then" câu gián tiếp Being hungry, Jack ate everything on the table quickly So hungry was Jack that he ate everything on the table quickly Câu gốc nghĩa "Vì đói nên Jack ăn thứ bàn cách nhanh chóng." Ta có cấu trúc đảo ngữ "So + adj + to be + S + that clause" (quá … …) James doesn't smoke, and his father doesn't smoke, either Neither James nor his father smokes Câu gốc nghĩa "James không hút thuốc, bố cậu không hút thuốc." Ta có "Neither … nor …" có nghĩa "… không …" Câu gốc chia động từ đơn nên câu viết lại ta chia động từ "smoke" đơn "smokes" để tương ứng với chủ ngữ sau "nor" "his father" How old you think this castle is? When you think this castle was built? Câu gốc nghĩa "Cậu nghĩ tòa lâu đài tuổi?" Câu viết lại bắt đầu "When you" nên ta suy cần sử dụng dạng bị động câu với nghĩa tương đương "Cậu nghĩ tòa lâu đài xây nào?" Vì việc xây dựng tòa nhà xảy nên động từ câu ta chia khứ đơn I'm grateful that you took care of my dog when I was away Thank you for taking care of my dog when I was away Ta có cấu trúc "Thank sb for doing sth" (cảm ơn làm gì) Nora had a stomach ache because she ate stale food If Nora hadn't eaten stale food, she wouldn't have had a stomach ache Nhìn vào từ gợi ý ta thấy cần sử dụng câu điều kiện, mà câu gốc chia khứ đơn, ta dùng câu điều kiện loại để giả định điều ngược với thực tế khứ Cấu trúc câu điều kiện loại "If + S + had (not) + PII, S + would (not) have PII." My friends and I find buying a house in the city center difficult It's difficult for my friends and me to buy a house in the city center Câu gốc nghĩa "Bạn bè thấy việc tìm nhà trung tâm thành phố thật khó." Ta có cấu trúc "It's + adj + for sb + to sth" (Ai thấy làm gì.) He had to wait nearly one hour for his girlfriend but he wasn't angry His girlfriend kept him waiting nearly one hour but he wasn't angry Mr Nguyen Câu gốc nghĩa "Anh phải đợi bạn gái gần tiếng anh không tức giận." Ta có cấu trúc "keep sb doing sth" (để/ bắt phải làm gì) Câu viết lại nghĩa "Bạn gái anh để anh đợi gần tiếng anh không tức giận." 10 My mother prefers buying food in street markets to shopping in large supermarkets My mother would rather buy food in street markets than shop in large supermarkets Ta có cấu trúc "S + prefer doing sth to doing sth …" = "S + would rather + V + than + V" (Ai thích làm làm gì.) Rewrite the sentences without changing their meaning, using the given words They gave him a watch when he retired A watch was given to him when he retired Câu gốc nghĩa "Họ tặng ông đồng hồ ông hưu." Câu viết lại bắt đầu tân ngữ trực tiếp câu gốc "A watch" nên ta cần chia động từ thể bị động Hơn ta có cấu trúc "give sth to sb", nên câu viết lại cần có giới từ "to" trước tân ngữ gián tiếp "him" "What time shall we arrive in Rome?" he asked He asked what time they would arrive in Rome Dựa vào từ gợi ý ta thấy cần chuyển câu gốc sang câu gián tiếp Trong câu gián tiếp, từ để hỏi "what time" giữ nguyên động từ ta cần lùi thì, "shall" chuyển thành "would" thứ tự chủ ngữ trợ động từ đổi lại câu khẳng định Don't give the key to anyone in any circumstances In no circumstances should you give the key to anyone Câu gốc có nghĩa "Đừng đưa chìa khóa cho hoàn cảnh nào." Ta có "not in any circumstances" = "in/under no circumstances" (không hoàn cảnh nào) Câu viết lại có cụm "In no circumstances" đứng đầu câu nên ta cần sử dụng đảo ngữ câu Câu gốc mang nghĩa lời khuyên nên ta sử dụng trợ động từ "should" trước chủ ngữ "you" câu viết lại Without the surgery, his grandmother would have died If his grandmother hadn't had a surgery, she would have died Câu gốc nghĩa "Không có phẫu thuật, bà cậu có lẽ qua đời rồi." Dựa vào từ gợi ý ta thấy cần sử dụng câu điều kiện loại để viết lại câu Cấu trúc câu điều kiện loại "If + S + had (not) + PII, S + would (not) have PII." Câu viết lại có nghĩa "Nếu bà cậu không phẫu thuật bà qua đời rồi." "You'd better spend more time on your family when you can, Bob", Laura said Laura suggested that Bob spend more time on his family when he can Câu gốc nghĩa "Laura nói: "Cậu nên dành nhiều thời gian bên gia đình cậu có thể, Bob."" Ta có cấu trúc khuyên làm "suggest that S + V (không chia) …" Mr Nguyen He never seems to get good marks, even though he studies hard However hard he studies, he never seems to get good marks Câu gốc nghĩa "Cậu dường chả đạt điểm tốt dù cậu học chăm chỉ." Ta có cấu trúc tương đương với câu dùng "even though" "However + adv/adj + S + V/be, …" (Dù …) Câu viết lại có nghĩa "Dù cậu có học chăm cậu dường chả đạt điểm tốt cả." Ann failed to fix her son's bicycle Ann didn't succeed in fixing her son's bicycle Câu gốc nghĩa "Ann sửa xe đạp trai cô ấy." Ta có "succeed in doing sth" (thành công việc gì) I wish he would learn to make his own breakfast It's time he learnt to make his own breakfast Ta có cấu trúc "It's time S + V(past)" (Đã đến lúc phải làm gì.) I'd rather you cleaned your room Will you clean your room, please? Cấu trúc "would rather sb did sth" dùng để yêu cầu người khác làm cách trang trọng "Will you" dùng để bắt đầu lời đề nghị 10 You'd better not say those words again If I were you, I would not say those words again Câu gốc lời khuyên có nghĩa "Cậu không nên nói lời nữa." Nhìn vào từ gợi ý ta thấy cần sử dụng câu điều kiện loại để viết lại câu Cấu trúc lời khuyên với câu điều kiện loại "If I were you, I would (not) + V …"