CẨM NĂNG ôn THI 18 chuyên đề hóa học nguyễn văn hải

TS NGUYEN VAN HAI (Chu bien) NGUYEN NAM TRUNG - TRAN THE NGA - NGUYEN THj THU HA Cam naligFluyen thi dai hoc 18 CHUYEN OE ^ HOA HOC ^ He thons cac phUdng phap siai nhanh bai tap hoa hoc ^ Duns cho on tap va thi tot nshiep THPT., ^ Luyen thi vao Dai hoc va Cao dans rW VJEWTIWHSINHTHUAN D m MHA yi lAT RAN RAI HOC QUOC GIA HA NOl Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vi^t r h u y e n de , C A C PHlrtl^NC P H A P G I A I N H A N H MUC LUC huyen di C a c phucmg phap giai nhanh ? P H l / O N G P H A P B A O T O A N K H O I L l / Q N G huyen de C a c axit v6 ca d i l n hinh 71 huydn de T i n h chat c u a cac hidroxit 99 ^ , a N g i d u n g « ^ Tong khoi lu[...]... trong Y la: A 41,25 gam B 53,65 gam C 44,05 gam D 49,65 gam Lot gidi: 9 75 n2n=-^—= 0,15 mol; nAl = 0,1 mol ' : • • Ca'm nang On luy$n thi dgi hgc 18 c h u y § n de Hoa hqc - Nguyin Van H&i Cty TNHH MTV Nhan xet: K h i axit H N O 3 c6 mat dong thai voi axit H2SO4 loang thi lirgng Led giai: trong dung dich la do 2 axit phan li ra -> giai theo phuong trinh ion = '^HNOg + 2nH2S04 = 0,2 + 2.0,3 = 0,8 mol... M g , zn+m^^oa —> D a p an C = ^^'^^ ^ (v ^ ^^'^^ •••L 29 Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vijt C^m nang 6n luy^n thi d H2O -> H^du = 0,01 mol -» IH^]= ^ = 0,1 = 10"^ ->.pH = l - > Dap an A ., , " + 3.,' i ? -tit • ( i n i l ) ; ^ rf.^ o: 37 CtyTI\ih.i Ca'm nang 6n luygn thi dgi hgc 18 chuy§n... dugc hon hgp khi X c6 ti khoi so voi hidro bang 20 Cong thiic ciia oxit sat v a phan tram the tich ciia khi C O 2 trong X la A.FeO;75% B FezOs; 75%.' C FeaOs; 65% D.Fe304;75% Lai gidi: 4 48 Theo bai: M = 20.2 = 40 v a nx = n c o = T T T = 0'2 m o l , , , A p dving cong thiic ciia phuong phap duang cheo, ta c6: ' '' "CO = 2.(0,01.56 + 0,03 .18 + 0,02.62 + 0,02.96) = 8,52 gam Dap Lot gidi: - > % 29... 24 ( M g ) - > D a p an C An Ca'm nang 6n luygn thi d^i hpc 18 chuySn 6i H6a hgc - Nguygn Van Hai Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vi§t V i d\ 2: Cho 1,67 gam hon hgip gom hai kim loai (6 2 chu ky lien tiep thupc nhom IIA) tac dung het voi dung dich HCl (du), thoat ra 0,672 lit khi H2 (dktc) Hai k i m loai do la A B e v a M g B.MgvaCa CSrvaBa Lot gidi: Gpi cong thiic chung ciia hai kim loai la M , hoa tri chung... loai kiem tho Y (Mx < MY) trong dung dich HCl du, thu dupe va Y (Mx < MY), thu dupe 11,2 lit khi CO2 (dktc) va 10,8 gam H2O Cong thiic 1,12 lit khi H2 (dktc) K i m loai X la phan t u cua X la C2H4 A L i B.Na C Rb D K B.C2H2 C.C2H6 •Q™D.CH4 ' Ca'm nang On luygn thi dgi h9C 18 chuygn H6a hpc - Mguyin Van Hii Cty TNHH MlV DWH Khang Vigt Lai giai: V i dV 9 (B-08): D o t chay hoan toan 1 l i t h o n h o... 7,76 -> Loai A v i 2 chat deu c6 so'nguyen tvf C < 2 J -> Loai C v i nx > nv ^ Gpi cone thiic cua Y la CnH2n-204 (b mol) B 35,57% C 46,39% • • D 56,15% HHJO ~"CO2 = 0,15 mol Bao toan kho'i lupng: mf^ = mc + m n + m o iohn Y la ancol no, dan , d:\'.''''''i>: 51 Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vi^t Ca'm nang an luy$n thi d?i hgc 18 chuy6n dg H6a hpc - Nguygn van Hi\ AC2H4vaC3H6 mo = 12,2 - 0,45.12 -1,2.1 = 5,6 ->... 2.0,0125 = 0,05 mol n t n , , + = 0,02 mol; n + = Na K D 2,44 ,' , ^ ^ 0,02 mol 57 Ca'm nang fln luygn thi dgi hgc 18 chuyfin dg H6a hgc - Nguygn Van Hii Nh^n thay: ^ ^ ^ ^ = muoi cacbonat •, = - >2 ^4^'' Phuong trinh ion: CO2 + 2 0 H - •^"'•"^ I t^han xet: Khi axit HNO3 c6 mat dong thoi voi axit H2SO4 loang thi lugng H* > CO^" + H2O 0,03 trong dung dich la do 2 axit phan li ra —> giai theo phuong trinh... luygn thi dji hpc 18 chuy6n V A m = a- — 5,6 C : m=2 a - ^ 22,4 Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vigt H6a hpc - IMguySn Van HSi f;,: v'X,- , ' V B m = 2a 11,2 So n g u y e n t u C t r u n g b i n h = "'''"^ = 2,5 ' ; 'y.-} D m = a + - ^ '• ^^^^^ ,,,) 5,6 ^J,, • ^ - n : ; j | i T ,< so n g u y e n t u C n h o h o n 2 , 5 a n c o l d o la C 2 H 4 ( O H ) 2 "ancol - n H 2 0 - "CO2 a nancol= — - 18 D o... 22,4 ^ V V Q s ^ * •* "••'''A 18 no = noH = 2nx -> no = 0,2 m o l Bao toan n g u y e n to O: no(OH) + 2 n o 2 = 2 n c o j + nH20 V • p o X chiia 2 ancol c u n g so'nhom - O H -> 2 ancol deu hai chuc: ^ Nhan xet: K h i do't chay cac ancol (no, d o n chuc, m^ch ho), ta l u o n c6: X chua m g t ancol d a chuc c6 Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vijt' Ca'm nang 6n luy^n thi d