Cẩm nang ôn luyện thi đại học 18 chuyên đề hóa học 6

' C^m nang On luy^n thi dgi hpc 18 chiiy6n H6a hpc - Nguyjn Van Hai CtyTNHH MTV DWH Khang Vi^t Bai 18: Qinyen de14 y: Phenol la cac hg-p cha't c6 n h o m - O H d i n h t r u e tiep vao v6n Luu benzen D o v^iy, cac chat la phenol bao g o m (1), (4), (5), (6) o.* 1- ,, A N D E H I T ^ —> D a p an D ^ ANDEHIT Bai 19: - A X I T C A € B O X Y L I € ,, , ^- a Cong thuc andehit 21 G Q I cong t h i i c cua X la CxHyOz T a c : x : y : z = — t j : — = : : C7H8O2 , ->Xl^ , ,„ : rof - A n d e h i t no, d a n chuc: C.iH2n + i C H O n > ^H*'^*: X C O n h o m - O H Cac cong t h u c cau tao thoa m a n : OH + • < yjiidJ H}ii -UprA , f-jo and ;^!ivt n i i i f q ht- < - ^M:} i l C ) OH5^(5 Danh phdp thong thucmg r.g Sf;.|> = 80t *f)^r: ~ H C H O : andehit fomic hoac fomandehit; OH 3n + - m _ _ ^ , = 2,5 —> m = 3n-4 Vi (A-12): Hidrat hoa 5,2 gam axetilen voi xiic tac H g S moi truong axit, d u n nong Cho toan bg cac chat h u u co sau phan ung vao mgt Lieu y: Doi voi ancol ta c6: so'nhom chuc < so'nguyen tu C - > m < n lugng du dung dich A g N N H thu dugc 44,16 gam ket tua Hi^u - > m = 3n-4 < n - > n < suat phan ling hidrat hoa axetilen la , i) Mat khac: m > - > m = n ^ > - > n > 1,33 A 60% Vay chi CO n = v a m = 3.2 - = thoa man ->• X la C2H4(OH)2 (I < n ,s:((,.)Hr,)),f.;;Hn3 vkisihlm So phan ling hoa hQc: HO-CH2-CH2-OH Mol: > HOC-CHO 0,01 C.92% , = 0,2 mol Phan ung hoa hgc: C H ^ C H + H2O V i d u 2: Qua trinh nao sau day khone tao andehit axetic? > CH3CHO N H s de tao ket tua ' " B CH2=CH2 + O2 (t°, xvic tac) C C H C ( X ) C H = C H + dung dich N a O H (t°) C H C H O + Ag20 + NH3 — ^ ^ ' Mol: H2O CH2=CH2 + H O - ^ ^ ^ ^ CH3CHO Theo bai: 108.2a + 240(0,2 - a) = 44,16 CH3COOCH=CH2 + N a O H _^ H = - ^ ^ 0 % = % - > D a p a n B 0,2 ) CHsCOONa + CH3CHO , i t#H:> ->Dapr.nA dugc so mol nude dung bang so' mol X phan ung Mat khac, cho 0,05 mol X tac dyng voi lugng d u A g N O s dung dich N H s sinh m gam A g Gia tri cua m la C.5,40 - > So nguyen tu H trung binh X = —SiE = , i gnfi i J 1« nr " o nx -> Moi andehit X deu chiia nguyen tu H ho la H C H O va H O C - C H O H a i andehit no, m^ch ft u Luu y: C a hai andehit deu tac dyng voi A g N O s NH3 va sinh 4Ag - > nAg = 4nx = 0,2 mol -»DapanD m^g =0,2.108 = 21,6 gam i,„,.,., , • :.H„ i e o r l g s w mm - > a = 0,16 u + HO-cH>3 C h u n g la M r , rnifle, A C n H n ( C H O ) (n>0) • , 0,2 - a to:*fi6 a i i d t goo.:) 0,25 mol X can vira dii 0,5 mol H2 Day dong dang cua X co cong thiic Lm gtat: Nhqn xet: N e u do't chay mol X thu dugc mol H2O |j r N H thu dugc 27 gam A g Mat khac, hidro hoa hoan toan C C n H n + l C H O (n > 0) D 21,6 """ V i d u 5: C h o 0,125 mol andehit mach ho X phan ung voi lugng d u dung dich AgN03 V i d^ji 3: Dot chay hoan toan hon hgp X gom hai andehit (no, mach ho), thu H O 0,2-a " ' ' 2a > AgCsCAg>l^ + 2NH4NO3 C a c phan ung hoa hoc: * i A')::" CH3COONH4 + A g ^ Mol: a • ^ C H = C H + A g N + 2NH3 Lcri gidi: '° ) C H C H + c u + H i(}m k>m m:0 Luu y: C H s C H O v a C H = C H (du) deu tac dung voi dung dich A g N A CH2=CH2 + H2O (t°, xuc tac HgS04) B.10,8 , ' ' r^f' , A 43,2 D 70% = - > m Ag = 0,04.108 = 4,32 gam - > D a p an A CH3CH2OH + c u o " 'l^'^-'f 0,04 D C H C H O H + C u O (t°) B.80% Lofigidi: xj Jai ' )• 4Ag 0,01 , , , B C n H n - C H O (^ ''^ D C n H n - l C H O (n > ) ' • !&R'i, , ^^S}^^' ^ + J ^ ^ + „ 27 j^h^n xef ^ nx nx = 0,125 =2 X la andehit don chiic ^ = - > Phan tu X chua lien ket 71 = Loai A X la andehit no, hai chtrc 0,25 hoac khong no (mgt noi doi C=C), don chuc Loai B (khong no, noi ba hoac noi doi, don chuc) va loai C (no, don chuc) ,, „ j,j; rr^ ; D a p an D 303 e l m nang On luyjn t h i dgi hqc 18 chuytn dg H6a hQC - NguySn Van Hi\ Cty Jhr.- 1TV DWH Khang Vi$t Vi dv 6: Day gom cac cha't deu tac dung voi AgNOs dung dich NHs, la: J A Andehit axetic, but-l-in, etilen B Andehit axetic, axetilen, but-2-in J C Axit fomic, vinylaxetilen, propin D Andehit fomic, axetilen, etilen Lai giai: Nhqn xet: Cac andehit hoac hidrocacbon c6 hidro dinh vao cacbon noi ba se tac dung dugc voi AgNOs/NHs Loai A, B, D vi etilen ( C H = C H ) va but-2-in (CHj-C^C-CHs) khong phan ung Dap a n C i,73f"- Vi d\ 7: Oxi hoa 0,08 mol mpt ancol don chiic, thu dupe hon hpp X gom mot f H C s C H + 2AgN03 + 2NH3 lam hai phan bang Phan mpt eho tac dving het vai Na du, thu duoc C H = C H - C s C H + AgNOs + N H 9,72 gam Ag Phan tram kho'i lupng ancol bj oxi hoa la A 50,00% B 62,50% C 31,25% D 40,00% Lot gidi: f J:OM§AS B - S / ) ! Cac phan ung hoa hpc (tinh cho 0,04 mol ancol): 0)0{ £ + B£.80! ;i&d r [,,0 R-CH2-OH + - O -> R - C H O + H O Mol: ialir;i(;ft*ufiw^^^^ a * R-CH2-bH + " m'. AgC = CAg^^ + N H N O —> Dap an C Vi du 9: Khi oxi hoa hoan toan 2,2 gam mpt andehit don chuc thu dupe gam A HCHO nH2 = 0,0225 mol; n A g = 0,09 mol \ 0/05 mol i i l i :t ,''((',1 = 44 -> R = 15 ( - C H ) -> Andehit la CHaCHO Dap an D Vi du 10: Dot chay hoan toan andehit X, thu dupe the tich CO2 bang the r R - C H - O H du = 0,04 - (a + b); R - C H O = a; R - C O O H = b; H O = a + b tich hoi nuoc (trong ciing dieu kien nhift dp, ap suat) Khi cho 0,01 mol X Nhan xet: Khi cho phan mpt tac dung voi Na thi ca axit, ancol va nude deu tac dung voi mpt lupng du dung dich AgN03/NH3 thi thu dupe 0,04 mol phan ung Ag.Xla 0,04 - (a + b) + b + a + b = nH2 = 0,045 mol + 8: Cho cac chat: Axetilen, vinylaxetilen, andehit fomic, axit fomie, glucozo, metyl fomat So chat day khu dupe AgNOs dung dich NHsla: ,., , A B.3 C.4 D.6 L o t gidi: l^Ihan xet: Cac cha't eo nhom chue andehit moi khu dupe AgNOa dung dich NHa Do la: Andehit fomic, axit fomie, glucozo, metyl fomat Luu y: Cac hidrocacbon c6 hidro dinh vao cacbon no'i ba nhu axetilen, vinylaxetilen ciing eo phan ung vai AgNOa dung dich N H nhung don thuan chi la phan ung trao doi: axit cacboxylic, mot andehit, ancol du va nude Ngung ty toan bp X roi chia 0,504 lit H2 (dktc) Phan hai cho phan ung trang bac hoan toan thu duoc Vi b = 0,005 mol Khi cho phan thuc hif n phan ung trang bac thi c6 truong hpp: B Andehit fomic Neu R 7i H —> chi CO RCHO (a mol) eo phan ung trang bac C Andehit axetic nAg = 2a = 0,09 -> a = 0,045 >0,04 ^ Loai iV' + Neu R = H ^ H C H O (a mol) va HCOOH (b mol) deu tham gia phan ung ^ trang bac .< , i A Andehit no, mach ho, hai chuc ' "* I D Andehit khong no, m^ch ho, hai chuc "' • • Lai gidi: ^^Mrrr ':: Nhan xet: Dot chay andehit X thu dupe ncoj = " H O - > '-^ n^g = 4a + 2b = 0,09 ^ a = 0,02 mol; b = 0,005 mol don chuc, mach ho —> Loai A va D 304 %m.-,ncoibioxih6.n = ^ ^ 0 % = -^^.100% = 62,5% 0,04 0,04 Dap an B nAg=4nx X la andehit no, = v„ >n w iidsi.nr;n; = v , Mat khac X tham gia phan ung trang bgc: ^ ' •' y X la H C H O - ) - D a p an B 305 Ca'm nang 6n luy^n thi dgi hqc 18 chuy6n dg H6a hpc - Nguygn Van HSi Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vi?t V i d\ 1 : A n d e h i t n o mach h o X c6 cong t h i i c d o n gian nhat C2H3O C o n g th\t^ Ta c6: a + b = 0,06; 4a + 2b = 0,22 p h a n tie cua X la A C8H12O4 a = 0,05; b = 0,01 mx = 0,05.32 + 0,01.(R + 31) = 2,2 ^ B C6H9O3 C C2H3O D C4H6O2 R = 29 (CH3CH2-) ;?,v!,u ^.MSO ^ —> D a p an A Lot giai: dii 14: De h i d r o hoa hoan toan 0,025 m o l h o n h g p X g o m hai andehit mach C o n g thuc andehit no, mach h o c6 dang CnH2n+2-m(CHO)m Theo bai, X C O d a n g C H a O a '-u i ^ h o C O kho'i l u g n g 1,64 gam, can 1,12 l i t k h i H (dktc) M a t khac, c i i n g l u g n g X t r e n p h a n l i n g v o i m g t l u g n g d u d u n g d i c h A g N / N H t h i t h u d u g c 8,64 Cho so n g u y e n t u C, H , O ciia hai cong thuc bang n h a u , ta c6: g a m A g C o n g t h u c cau tao cua hai andehit t r o n g X la i > V n g h i f m - > loai A N e u la C : X + y = 0,025; 2x + 4y = 0,08; 56x + 72y = 1,64 va m a t t h o i g i a n - > X = 0,01; y = 0,015 ^ T h o a m a n - > D a p an C ^ %VH^ — + N e u nx : nAg = 1:4 B C H O H , C H O H C C H S O H , C H C H O H D C H O H , C H C H O H nancoi = nnndehit = i Kfe ncuo = 0,06 m o l Vi: 22 11 i _= ^ _ = _ > "andehit -> X gom nA„ C H O H (a m o l ) ^ XcochuaHCHO va R C H O H (b mol) LoaiCvaD D CH.CHO t M x = 2,9/0,1 = 29 Loai nx = 0,05 m o l > X la H O C - C H O D a p an B tiep n h a u t r o n g day d o n g dSng) tac d y n g v o i l u g n g d u d u n g d i c h AgN03/NH3, d u n n o n g t h u d u g c 32,4 g a m A g H a i andehit t r o n g X la fi;)^„-:n , ' C H C H O , V i du 16: C h o 0,1 m o l h o n h g p X g o m hai andehit (no, d o n chvic, mach ho, ke P h u o n g t r i n h hoa hgc: NMn xet: B.HOC-CHO - > M x = 2,9/0,05 = 58 v o i l u g n g d u d u n g d i c h AgNOa/NHs, t h u dugc 23,76 g a m A g H a i ancol la: A C H O H , C H C H O H r A + N e u nx : nAg = 1:2 - > nx = 0,1 m o l andehit can v u a d u 4,8 gam C u O Cho toan b g l u g n g andehit tren tac dung R - C H O + Cu + H O ' NMn xet: Cac chat t r o n g dap an chi trang bac v o i t i 1| m o l 1:2 hogc 1:4 *« D a p an A Lai giai: , d u d u n g d i c h AgNOs/NHs t h u d u g c 21,6 g a m A g C o n g t h i i c cau tao t h u "^'B'S = ^'35 m o l - > n n j = 0,3 m o l 0,35 + 0,3 M' , V i dv 15: C h o 2,9 g a m m g t andehit X mach ho, p h a n u n g h o a n toan v o i l u g n g Y - ^ ^ _ ^ CO2 + H2O Bao toan n g u y e n to C: nucHO = "002 < • >\ N e u la A : X + y = 0,025; 2x + 4y = 0,08; =^-0,65mol Bao toan n g u y e n to H : nncHO + "H2 = i^HaO = 0,65 m o l 306 • • « NMn xet: Bai neu giai d u a theo p h u o n g t r i n h p h a n u n g se rat d a i dong X ( H C H a H2) — ^ • ' ^,v,.->-v-vf r Thvr 50:50: N e n ap d u n g bao toan n g u y e n to d u a theo so d o : • ^ '••'•^ - > X chi chua m g t andehit c6 kha nang tao A g - > l o ^ i B v a D D 65,00% Lai giai: nco2 - = — — ==3,2 < 0,025 I A H C H O va C H C H O B H C H O va C H a C H O C C H C H O v a C H C H O D C H C H O va C H C H O ' Lai giai: lUg = 0,3 m o l I NMn xet: ^ =— =3>2 • nx 0,1 I-> ' ' ' , H o n h g p X c6 chua H C H O A n d e h i t ke tiep la C H C H O - > D a p an B 307 dm nang On luygn thi dji hpc 18 chuyfin ii H6a hqc - Nguygn Van Hai " DV MAU A X I T C A C B O X Y L I C - c;f?: '^fj ^it••'iM::>r?:)) a C o n g t h u c y i dy : T i u n g hoa 5,48 gam hon h o p X g o m axit axetic, p h e n o l va axit + 0) hoac C m H m A x i t no, hai chuc: CnH2n(COOH)2 (n>0)hoac benzoic, can d i i n g 600ml d u n g dich N a O H 0,1M Co can d u n g d i c h sau ,^ phan u n g , t h u d u g c m gam chat ran khan Gia t r i ciia m la CmH2m-204 A x i t k h o n g no ( m o t noi d o i C=C), d o n chuc: C n H n - i C O O H A 8,64 (n > 2) b D a n h phap + Danh phdp thong thifotig Danh phap thay the ) \,;t1,>-ii ' no, dan chitc: C H C H C O O H {axit + Axit no, da chuc: HCOOH {axit fomic); HOOC-COOH {axit oxalic); HOOC-CH2-COOH ? Axit tham: C e H s - C O O H {axit benzoic) + xlK Tdcdungvaikim loqi: C H C O O H + Na + Tdc dung vai muo'i KiHuf-^qA l u o i , , )iJ ) , r ibfl |fihi"i '' BI ' ^ ' iH.>sH >'';5' , CHaBr-CHBr-COOH ^ ^' - D o t chay axit no, d o n chuc, t h u d u g c so m o l CO2 bang so m o l H2O — ^ nC02 + nHaO > Muoi ' an D • M + H2O ioina^OO Imn - ^ ,i ; , , ' s ^ ^, ,>( , •, V i d v 2: D o t chay h o a n toan 10,8 gam h o n h g p M g o m m g t axit cacboxylic X (no, d o n chuc, m a c h ho) va m g t ancol d o n chuc Y, t h u d u g c 0,35 m o l C O va 0,5 m o l H O Ten g g i cua este tgo til-X va Y la A M e t y l axetat B Etyl butirat " -^^^ ' wJv, D M e t y l propionat T; ' ' Nhqn xet: X la axit no, d o n chuc, mach h d -> k h i d o t chay X t h u d u g c nC02-'^H20Mat khac, k h i d o t chay M , t h u d u g c n H > "CO2 Y la ancol no, d o n chuc, m a c h h d Ta cd: n y = n H j O ' " C O = 0,15 m o l ^ = 10,8 - 0,35.12 -1,0.1 = 5,6 ^ = 2nx + n y ^ r ,' , j , n o = 0,35 m o l ' ^ ^, rix = 0,1 m o l - » n ^ = 0,25 m o l , -> M chua m g t chat chua n g u y e n t u cacbon Ne'u X c h i i a n g u y e n t u cacbon A x i t k h o n g no c6 t i n h chat g i o n g anken ( l a m m a t m a u n u d e b r o m , t r i i n g + Phan ung dot chay NaOH — 0,35 -> S d n g u y e n t u cacbon t r u n g b i n h : C ( M ) = - r - r r = 1/4 (NH4)2C03 + A g + Br2 Dap Nhqn thay: Tinh chat neng cua mot so axit H - C O O H + A g + 2NH3 —>• mo > CH3COOC2H5 + 2H2O A x i t f o m i c c6 p h a n u n g trang bac: ' + Bao toan khd'i l u g n g : m ^ = n r i c + mj-i+ rriQ > CHsCOONa + C O + H2O •< CnH2n02 + ( l , n - l ) Loigidi: Lot gtat: \ nhi,< •, ' Phan ungestehoa CH2=CH-COOH nmri n D- 6,80 ^^.^^ ^ j : ; N h a n thay: n H = r ' N a O H = 0,6.0,1 =0,06 m o l C Etyl p r o p i o n a t metacrylic) > CHsCOONa + 0,5H2 C H - C O O H + C2H5OH < + ' C H - C O O H + NaHCOs + » < {axit \[ • / -A el Axit khong no (mot noi doi C=C), dan chuc: d T i n h chat hoa hgc + axetic); propionic) C H = C H - C O O H {axit acrylic); C H = C ( C H ) - C O O H {axit + {axit CH3COOH malonic); H O O C - ( C H ) - C O O H {axit adipic) + , , d (,v= C 4,90 m H = m x + m w a O H - m H = 5,48 + 0,06.40 - 18.0,06 = 6,80 g a m c Mot so axit thuang gap Axit So d o p h a n u n g : X Bao toan k h o i l u g n g : CH3 - C O O H : etanoic; CU^ - C H ( C H ) - C O O H : 2-metylpropanoic + B 6,84 Jslhqn xet: X tac d u n g v d i N a O H theo t i le m o l 1:1 H C O O H : axit fomic; C H i C O O H : A x i t axetic; C H S C O O H : axit propionic + -v^A ii! ^ ^ ^, X la H C O O H = 0,1 m o l ^, ^ ' ' , Ggi Y la C n H n i O H = 0,15 m o l T a c o : n r o , = 0,1.1 + 0,15.n = 0,35 -> n = 5/3 Loai Vay Y chua n g u y e n t u cacbon -> Y la C H O H = Ggi X la CnH2n>iCOOH = 0,1 m o l : a i mol ' ' " JJ^^JI^ J^,,; s^^ r ^ Ta cd: n c o = 0,15.1 + , l ( n + l ) = 0,35 -> n = -> Y la C H C O O H -> C o n g t h u c este tao t u X va Y: CH3COOCH3 - » D a p an A i i- Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vi?t Vi 3: O x i hoa 0,1 mol mpt ancol d a n chiic, thu dug-c hon hgp X gom fslhdn xet: Y la axit no, da chuc, c6 mach cacbon ho, khong phan nhanh —> axit cacboxylic, mgt andehit, ancol d u v a nuoc N g u n g tu toan bg X roi chjg K y chiia nhom chuc (vi neu chufa t u nhom chuc tro len, mgch cacbon se ur lam hai phan bang Phan mgt cho tac dung het v a i N a d u , thu dug^ K phan nhanh) 3^;>c-•M^fc.b 0,784 lit H (dktc) Phan hai cho phan u n g trang bac hoan toan thu dugc B Theo bai: nx = n ^ j = 0/1 mol , , 10,8 gam A g Phan tram so'mol ancol bi oxi hoa la H' K "' 26 ' So nguyen t u cacbon trung binh: C(X) = —— = 2,6 m Phan t u khoi trung binh: M(x) = A 60% B.65% C.75% < nH2 = 0/035 mol; nAg= 0,1 mol \* Ggi cong thuc ancol la R - C H - O H D 80% - >: u-.f-> ' ilo / ; f':M Vr :• JiYP: £( rifi.r.^"ii hA i-*«»n,rf , R - C H - O H d u = 0,05 - (a + b); R - C H O = a; R - C O O H = b; H O = a + b Nhan xet: K h i cho phan mgt tac dung voi N a thi ca axit, ancol v a nude deu phan ung - > 0,04 - (a + b) + b + a+b = n H , = 0,07 mol ^ Neu R b = 0,03 mol ,' m HOOC-COOH • Mat khac: M Y = 90 > 86,4 + a = 0,05 ^ H Ggi cong thuc ciia Y la CnH2n-204 (b mol) • Neu X la H C O O H (a mol), ta c6: a + b = 0,1; a + nb = 0,26 v a m 46a + (14n + 62)b = 8,64 a + b = 0,08 > 0,05 - > Loai %nancoi bi o.i hoa = a = 0,01 mol; b = 0,03 m o l ' ' ' 0,05 V$y: X la C H C O O H (a mol), ta c6: a + b = 0,1; 2a + nb = 0,26 v a 60a + (14n + • 62)b = 8,64 ^ a = 0,04; b = 0,06; n = ''^ A axit propionic B axit oxalic C axit malonic D axit adipic Cong thuc chung ciia axit no, m^ch ho: CnH2n+2-m(COOH)m Theo bai, X c6 cong thuc la (.^^j^^jcj |,,, CnHi.02.n ^, ^ Cho cac nguyen tu tuong ung hai cong thiic bang nhau, ta c6: ,$ n + m = a; 2n + = a; 2m = 2a ^ a = m = 2; n= V i d^ 4: H o a hoi 8,64 gam hon hgp M gom axit X (no, d o n chuc, mach ho) va axit Y (no, d a chuc Y , mach cacbon ho, khong phan nhanh) thu dugc mot ^ X la ( C O O H ) ^ C a u tao: H O O C - C O O H ^ Dap an B V i d\ 6: C h o 12 gam axit cacboxylic X (no, don chuc) tac dung hoan toan vdi the tich hoi bang the tich cua 2,8 gam N (do cung dieu ki§n nhi^t dP/ 200ml dung dich gom K O H I M va N a O H 2M C o can dung dich thu dugc ap suat) Dot chay hoan toan 8,64 gam M , thu dugc 11,44 gam C Phan 35,6 gam hon hop chat ran khan Cong thuc ciia X la v > tram kho'i lugng cua X M la A 72,22% B 27,78% C 35,25% Lot gidi: • 1144 n v i , = — = 0,1 mol; nco-, =—'-—= 0,26 mol 28 44 • 310 - (CH02)n Ten ggi ciia X la ' ' ^ ^^„h i./s,3e3 h) Q £v jt,oJ % m v - ^ ^ ^ ^ 0 % = 27,78%-> Dap an B ^ 8,64 ^ '-^ 100% = 80% - > D a p an D ^ a = 0,04; b = 0,06; n = 11/3 -> Loai B N e u R = H - > H C H O (a mol) v a H C O O H (b mol) deu tham gia phan ung trang bac = 4a r 2b = 0,1 ^ Mx < 86,4 ^ X la H C O O H hoac C H C O O H V i d u 5: Axit cacboxylic X (no, mach cacbon h o c6 cong thuc thuc nghifm H —> chi c6 R C H O (a mol) c6 phan u n g trang bac n^g = 2a - 0,1 ^ '? ^ 'V - '' /R-CHO +H2O R - C H - O H + O2 Mol: ;jnr>fjf if>fl,{ r>- = 86,4 0,1 H' H t ,:^,; A C H C 0 H ; ^ ^ ^ ^^^^^^^ 65,15%! '' « CHCOOH B C H C O O H , ,, J J , ! D.CH3COOH,^,^^,,,,^,,g,., Lai gidi: N h a n thay bai cho axit phan u n g het -> hai bazo d u , v^y neu giai ^ dua vao phuong trinh phan ling se rat kho khan YI' 311 dm CtyTNHH nang On luygn thi dji hpc 18 chuy6n d8 H6a hgc - Nguyin Van H5i Tuy nhien, bai duoc giai nhanh chong ap dung bao toan khoi luono niaxit + mbaza= mchat tin + mniroc ^ ' ^^ m H = 12 + 0,2.56 + 0,4.40 - 35,6 = 3,6 gam -> D a p an D ' C O va a mol H O G i a tri ciia a la = 60 - » Axit la C H a C O O H A 0,2 A H C O O H v a C H C O O H B C H = C H C O O H v a C H C O O H , C C H C O O H va C2H5COOH D C H C O O H va C H = C H C O O H Bao toan nguyen to O: no + chua nguyen tu oxi no = mol (COOH) + - ^' xj ^ u So nguyen t u H trung binh == 2nH20 ^han xet: K h i cho axit cacboxylic tac dung voi N a H C O a ta luon c6: nc02~'^COOH 2.2 ,\ r 41 / ^ ^ !' ^ = — =4 no (X) = So nguyen t u C trung binh = ^ ^ ^ ^ = M V^WM** _^ 0,7 + , J t, > ,i, • = 2.0,35 = 0,7 mol 22,4 22,4 :>&':( nx'r-i^ = 44 + nH,o ^ "H2O 1,1 = 0,8 + a * '\ a = 0,3 mol D a p an B ( phan u n g het voi dung dich NaHCOa thu dugc 6,72 lit C O (dktc) Dot chay hoan toan m gam X can 10,08 lit O (dktc), thu dugc 24,2 gam C O v a a gam H2O G i a tri cua a la A 3,6 -> Loai B v a D (vi cac axit chiia so'nguyen tu H > + 2ncooH = n c o no(X) = Vi dy 10: H o n hgp X gom axit fomic, axit acrylic va axit oxalic C h o m gam X no, = nco, + nH,o ' + 2.2,4 = n c o + -> n c o = 2,4mol ^ D 0,8 • Led giai: Bao toan nguyen to O: no (X) + n o j = n c o Nhan thay X chua axit cacboxylic don chiic ->• no = 2ncooH = 2nx C.0,6 >v.j:: /:>.,• Lai giai: ^ B.0,3 » i mol X can 2,4 mol O , thu dugc C O v a mol H O Cong thiic hai axit la ^ y i dy 9: H o n hgp X gom axit axetic, axit fomic va axit oxalic K h i cho m gam X (Jot chay hoan toan m gam X can 4,48 lit O (dktc), thu dugc 17,6 gam nH20= 0,2 mol V i d u 7: H o n hgp X gom hai axit cacboxylic don chuc Dot chay hoan toan i ' Khang Vi^t tac dung voi N a H C O a (du) thi thu dugc 7,84 lit C O (dktc) Mat khac, • 12 Mat khac: n H = n a x u - ^ Maxit = MTV I3VVH B 7,2 " ' 7,t«.+Upx C 8,4 D 10,8 • Lai giai: mo3;VBa , ( ! ) :^. Loai A (vi cac axit chua so'nguyen t u C < 2) Dap an D V i dv 8: C h o cac phatbieu sau:^'' •>inoic{mq «/J (a) Andehit v u a c6 tinh oxi hoa vira c6 tfnh k h u (b) Phenol tham gia phan ling the brom kho hon benzen.'™^'* S''" (c) Andehit tac d y n g voi H (du) (xiic tac N i , t°) thu dugc ancol bac mot (d) D u n g dich axit axetic tac dyng dugc voi Cu(OH)2 (e) D u n g djch phenol nuoc lam quy tim hoa ' " P (g) Trong cong nghif p, axeton dup-c san xuat tir cumen So phat bieu diing la ^ A 72 - r — = 2.0,3 = 0,6 mol , ( i i -> no(x) = 2ncooH = n c o ' '' B.3 C.5 •'*4i«>JS D.2 LbigiaU :>inor,;' Bao toan nguyen to O : no(X) + n o = n ( ; o + n H -> 0,6 + ^ = ^ + nH20 ^ j,,jr.,0;i(f; n H = 0^4 mol ^^v.,, >Ta'^''ri'^ " ^ H = 0,4.18 = 7,2 g a m D a p an B V i d u 11: T'-ung hoa 3,88 gam hon hgp X gom hai axit cacboxylic (no, don chuc, mach ho) bang dung dich N a O H vira dii, c6 can toan bp dung dich sau phan ling thu dugc 5,2 gam muoi khan N e u dot chay hoan toan 3,88 gam X thi the tich oxi (dktc) can diing la A 1,12 lit , B 4,48 lit 'om t:,*' C 3,36 lit *,':jti , ^o.ii^ D 2,24 lit Lai giai: Phat bieu (b) sai v i phenol c6 the phan ung voi n u a c brom dieu ki?n thuong tao 2,4,6-tribromphenol Ggi cong thuc cua hai axit: CfiH2n02 Phat bieu (e) sai v i dung djch phenol c6 tinh axit rat yeu, y e u hon ca axit Nhan xet: cacbonic nen khong c6 kha nang lam chuyen mau qui tim mol - C O O H > mol - C O O N a khoi lugng tang 22 gam Cac phat bieu dung: (a), (c), (d), (g) -> Dap an A f^'"''" g i K w r i q Ofiv mft 313 dm Cty TNHH M rv DVVH Khang Vigt nang On luy$n thi djii hpc 18 chuy6n 66 H6a hpc - Nguyin Van HAi Tang giarn kho'i l i r g n g : n x = — = 0,06 m o l So'nguyen t u cacbon t r u n g b i n h = = nx ^ M x =14n + 32 = ^ ^ = — 0,06 n = - ruiel nrjo^t , , , K h i do't chay X: n ^ o j = riH20 ^ ^-^x ^ ~ •0'06 = 0,14 m o l -> VQ^ = 0,15.22,4 = 3,36 l i t '^H20 D a p an C nx C (Y), (T), (Z), (X) X mfT> f(i + '^'tr^ B (X), (Z), (T), (Y) , , ^ D (Y), (T), (X), (Z) ; ' Laigidi: , cmuV' aori noi) , D a y cac chat d u g c sap xe'p theo chieu tang d a n t i n h axit la f, C2H5OH < CeHsOH < C H C O O H < H C l , ,±'.1 y:j H J '_ O I i-D + N e u la B: H C O O H = x m o l , H O O C - C H - C O O H = y m o l >fi s:(yti :c- -> n x = x + y = 0,3; n c o = x + 3y = 0,5; n N a O H = x + 2y = , ni>fkj 1*: ^ - > V n g h i e m - > L o a i B "^H* J V i d u : H e n h g p M g o m hai axit cacboxylic d o n chuc X va Y (Mx > M Y ) C6 tong , j, kho'i l u g n g la 8,2 gam C h o Z tac d u n g vira d u v o i d u n g d i c h N a O H , t h u u , , , ,,iio,; dugc d u n g d i c h chiia 11,5 gam m u o i M a t khac, neu cho M tac d y n g v o i m g t l u g n g d u d u n g d i c h AgNOa/NHs, t h u dugc 21,6 g a m A g Ten go- ciia X la A A x i t metacrylic gidi: T h i i t u sap xe'p nhi?t d g soi: d i m e t y l ete < ancol etylic < axit axetic < axit ,? ^^ Ggi cong thuc ciia X la R C O O H 22 § Tang g i a m kho'i l u g n g : n j ^ = — ' ^ ' = 0,15 m o l propionic Giai thick: D i m e t y l ete k h o n g tao d u g c lien ke't h i d r o , ancol etylic c6 lien ke't f A x i t p r o p i o n i c v a axit axetic c6 luc lien ke't h i d r o t u o n g d u o n g n h a u nhung C A x i t p r o p i o n i c D A x i t fomic Nhqn xet: V i M c6 p h a n u n g trang bac -> M chua axit H C O O H (Y) v a ny = = ^^'^ = mol oii 108.2 D.Y,T,X,Z h i d r o n h u n g ye'u h o n axit cacboxylic B A x i t acrylic Laigidi: d g soi la Lai N e l l la A : H C O O H = x m o l , H O O C - C O O H = y m o l -/^ P Thoa m a n d i m e t y l ete (T) D a y g o m cac chat d u g c sap xe'p theo chieu tang d a n nhiet C T, X, Y, Z srt u ; i 14 o / i : : yi'ifi-ya.n -> x = 0,1; y = a V i di^ 13: C h o cac chat: axit propionic (X), axit axetic (Y), ancol etylic (Z) va B.Z,T,Y,X n x = X + y = 0,3; n c o j = x + 2y = 0,5; nNaOH= x + 2y = a —>^ D a p an C A.T,Z,Y,X = i,67 0,3 Thu 50:50: j , , „., sap xe'p theo tinh axit tang d a n ( t u trai sang - nx X chua m g t axit da c h u c - > L o a i C va D ^'^^ phai) la: A (T), (Y), (X), (Z) :i«f < y w>:- , So'nhom chuc - C O O H t r u n g b i n h = ^ ^ M = UNaOH ^ M V i d u 12: Cho cac chat H C l (X); C2H5OH (Y); C H C O O H (Z); CsHsOH (phenol) (T) D a y g o m cac cha't dugc iji;ii.^,.,ti , - J •ij.-j.f X chua axit fomic: H C O O H ^ Bao toan n g u y e n t o ' O : 2n x + 2no2 = 2nco2 = 1,67 0,3", n x = 0,05 0,1.46 + 0,05.(R + 45) = 8,2 -> R = 27 (C2H3) -> X l a C H = C H C O O H - > DapanB ,„ (-•••< V ) »,' '••V axit p r o p i o n i c c6 kho'i l u g n g p h a n t u Ian h o n nen c6 n h i ^ t d g soi cao h o n B A I T A P O N - > D a p an A Bai 1: Cho 2,25 g a m m g t andehit X ( d o n chuc, mach h o ) p h a n u n g v o i l u g n g L U Y E N V i d y 14: C h o h o n h g p X g o m h a i axit cacboxylic (no, mach cacbon khong d u d u n g d j c h AgN03/NH3, d u n nong L u g n g A g sinh cho p h a n l i n g he't k p h a n n h a n h ) Do't chay hoan toan 0,3 m o l X, t h u d u g c 11,2 l i t k h i CO2 v o i axit HNO3 loang, thoat 2,24 l i t k h i N O (san p h a m k h u d u y nhat, d o (dktc) N e u t r u n g h o a 0,3 m o l X t h i can d i i n g 500ml d u n g d i c h N a O H i M dktc) C o n g t h u c ca'u tao t h u g g n cua X la H a i axit d o la: A.CH3CHO .,t, A H C O O H , H O O C - C O O H C H C O O H , C H C O O H tiw'g It B H C O O H , H O O C - C H - C O O H ^ D H C O O H , CHsCOOH Laigidi: "CO? = ^ 314 11 •:rrT = 0,5 m o l ; 22,4 nNaOH= 0/5.1 = 0,5 m o l 2: ' B.HCHO ' C C2H.SCHO .' D.CH2=CHCHO Cho 0,1 m o l andehit X tac d u n g v o i l u g n g d u d u n g d i c h AgN03/NH3, d u n n o n g t h u d u g c 43,2 g a m A g H i d r o hoa X t h u d u g c Y, bie't 0,1 m o l Y - itftr rr i „.„ p h a n u n g v u a d i i v o i 4,6 g a m N a Cong thuc ca'u tao t h u g g n cua X la A H C H O B C H C H O C.OHC-CHO D CH3CH(OH)CHO f 315 Ca'ni iiantj on liiySii thi dai lipc V, chuySn H6a hpc - NguySn VSn H5i Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vi$t Bai 3: Dot chay hoan toan a mol mot andehit X (mach ho) tao b mol C O va mol H O (biet b = a + c) Trong phan ung trang bac, mpt phan tu X chi cho i electron X thuoc day dong dang andehit A no, don chuc , B khong no c6 hai noi doi, don chuc ; i| ji.ij, s>mi, ,, A 17,8 • ' ' gai 1^- • ^;eS;0, C Andehit propionic D Andehit butiric Ofiun B Propan-l-ol C Xiclopropan "'"'^ D Propan-2-ol lugng Ion hon khoi lugng M la gam Dot chay hoan toan M thu dugc 30,8 '''' ' gam CO2 Cong thuc va phan tram so mol cua X Ian lugt la C h o 0,25 mol mot andehit mach ho X phan ving v a i lugng d u dung djch A H C H O va 60% B C H C H O va 60% AgNOa/NHa, thu dugc 54 gam A g C C H C H O va 40% D H C H O va 40% : £ K h i cho X phan ung vai H d u (xiic tac N i , t°) thi 0,125 mol X phan ung het mol H ^ ' :'l^fi.' '^.rt?|f,::^: A C n H n ( C H O ) (n > 0) _ C C n H n - i C H O (n > 2) ^ B C n H n i C H O (n > 0) J" ' d u dung djch AgN03/NH3, thu dugc 43,2 gam ket hia va dung djch chua 17,5 gam muo'i amoni ciia hai axit hiiu CO G i a trj cua m la B 10,9 C 14,3 D Tong so' cac nguyen tu mot phan tu Y la B C ' * vq\„, D K./;t.| ,.rr , Bai 15: Dot chay hoan toan 7,6 gam hon hgp M gom mgt axit cacboxylic X (no, don chuc, mach ha) va mgt ancol dan chuc Y (c6 so nguyen tu cacbon phan tu khac nhau) thu dugc 0,3 mol C O va 0,4 mol H O T h u c hien phan ung este hoa 7,6 gam hon hgp tren vai hi^u sua't 80% thu dugc m gam 10,2 Bai 8: H o n hgp X gom hai ancol (no, don chvic, mach ho, ke tiep day dong dang) Oxi hoa hoan toan 0,2 mol X c6 khoi lugng m gam bang C u O a nhiet dg thich hgp, thu dugc hon hgp san pham huu ca Y C h o Y ta^" dung voi mot lugng d u dung djch AgN03/NH3, thu dugc 54 gam A g G''^ trj cua m la A 15,3 chay hon hgp M thu dugc CO2 va H2O c6 so mol bang C h o 0,10 mol A 10 D C n H n - C H O (n > 2) Bai 7: C h o m gam hon hgp etanal va propanal phan ung hoan toan voi lugng iamj: Bai 14: H o n hgp M gom hai andehit X va Y, Mx < M Y < l,6Mx Dot hon hgp M vao lugng d u dung djch AgN03/NH3 thu dugc 0,25 mol Ag Chat X CO cong thuc ung voi cong thuc chung la A 9,5 T-r,v>', mach ha, dong dang ketiep, Mx < M Y ) , thu dugc hon hgp hai ancol c6 khoi '^"v Bai 6: C h o X la mot andehit mach voi 0,25 ' Bai 13: Hidro hoa hoan toan hon hgp M gom hai andehit X va Y (no, don chuc, D no, don chuc 316 D 8,8 hidrocacbon Y, c6 tong so mol la 0,2 (nx < nv) Dot chay hoan toan M , thu A C u m e n C khong no (mot no'i doi C = C ) , don chuc - C.10,5 Bai 12: Trong cong nghiep, axeton dugc dieu che'tu B no, hai chuc - '^^P ^ A CH4 B C H S O H , C H , C H D H C O O C H , C2H2, CH3COOH C C2HSOH, C2H2, C H s C O O C z H s B.24,8 dugc 8,96 lit CO2 (dktc) va 7,2 gam H2O Cong thiic phan tu ciia Y la Bai 4: Day gom cac chat deu dieu che true tiep tao andehit axetic la: A C H C O O H , C H , C H 17,92 lit O2 (dktc) G i a tri cua m la r - v v mach ho, ketiep day dong dSng) thu dugc (m + 1) gam hon hgp hai ancol Mat khac, dot chay hoan toan m gam X thi can v u a du C khong no c6 mot noi doi, don chuc >J « - v'srtt eb :l i x t iom (A, 10 D no, hai chuc p^i 9: Hidro hoa hoan toan m gam hon hop X gom hai andehit (no, don chiic, este G i a tn ciia m la A 8,16 B 4,08 C 2,04 D 6,12 Jai 16: H o a h a i 7,32 gam hon hgp M gom axit X (no, d a n chuc, mach ha) va axit Y (no, da chuc, mach cacbon ha, khong phan nhanh) thu dugc mgt the tich hoi bang the tich cua 3,2 gam O2 (do cung dieu kien nhiet do, ap suat) Dot chay hoan toan 7,32 gam M, thu dugc 10,12 gam C O Cong thuc t B 13,5 C.8,1 D 8,5 O ca'u tao cua X, Y Ian lugt la 317 Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang ViQt dm nang On luy^n thi dgi hgc 18 chuy6n dfi H6a hpc - Nguyjn Van Hai A H - C O O H va H O O C - C O O H B C H - C O O H va H O O C - C H - C H - C O O H C C H - C H - C O O H va H O O C - C O O H ' ' ' r ' ^ " ' D C H - C O O H va H O O C - C H - C O O H 1^ i>- ' SO phan ung: R - C H O Bao toan electron: Bai 17: C h o 5,92 gam axit h u u co X (don chuc, mach ho) tac dyng het v6i ^••ri.S -••'•^f- '.Hpw: i ,.:.sy ^ ^^^"^^ nAg = n N O > Ag ^ "^"^ > NO = 0,3 mol * •' " • ]Slhan xet: Cac cha't dap an chi trang bac voi ti le mol 1:2 hoac 1:4 C a C O s thu dugc 7,44 gam muoi cua axit huu co Ten gpi cua X la + Neu nx : nAg = 1:2 - > nx = 0,15 mol - > Mx = 2,25/0,15 = 15 - > Loai A axit metacrylic + Neu nx : UAg = 1:4 nx = 0,075 mol Mx = 2,25/a075 = 30 X la H C H O - > D a p an B iou y m) B axit acryhc C axit propionic D axit fomic Bai 18: Hai chat X va Y co cung cong thuc phan tu C2H4O2 Chat X phan ung dugc voi kim loai N a va tham gia phan ung trang bac Chat Y phan ling duoc voi kim loai N a va hoa tan Augc CaCOs Cong thuc cua X, Y Ian lugt la: A H O C H C H O , C H C O O H B H O C H C H O , H C O O C H C CH3COOH, HOCH2CHO D HCOOCH3, CH3COOH Bai 19: Trung hoa 8,2 gam hon hop M gom axit fomic va mot axil don chuc X can 100ml dung dich N a O H 1,5M Neu cho 8,2 gam M tac dung voi mot luong d u dung d}ch AgNOs /NH3, dun nong, thu dugc 21,6 gam A g Ten gpicuaX-la A Axit acrylic ^foi'l'^'HRCloi'^L B Axit propanoic ' deu tac dyng voi Na; X tac dung dugc voi N a H C O s Y co kha nang tham gia phan ung trang bac Cong thuc cau tao cua X va Y Ian lugt la A C2H5COOH, HCOOC2H5 B HCOOC2H5, H O C H C O C H C HCOOC2H5, H O C H C H C H O D C2H5COOH, C H C H ( O H ) C H O Bai 21: Cho hai chat h u u co X, Y (chiia C , H , O ) co Mx < M Y < 82 C a X va Y deu CO kha nang tham gia phan ling trang bac v a deu phan ung dvqic voi dung dich K H C O sinh CO2 T i khoi hai cua Y so voi X co gia tri la A 1,47 B 1,61 C 1,57 D 1,91 Bai 22: H o n hgp X gom H C O O H v a C H C O O H (ti 1? mol 1:1) L a y 5,3 gam X tac dyng voi 5,75 gam C2H5OH (co xuc tac H2SO4 dac) thu dugc m gam estc (hieu suat cua cac phan ung este hoa deu bang 80%) G i a tri ciia m la A 10,12 B.6,48 C.8,10 D 16,20 Bai 23: K h i cho a mol mgt hgp chat huu co X (chua C , H , O ) phan ung hoan toan voi N a hoac voi N a H C thi deu sinh a mol Chat X la A Etylen glicol C Ancdl o-hidroxibenzylic * ^ •••'•V ^ o; N M „ , : ^ =M =4 ^ L o , i B v a D nv 0,1 Ma: ny = 0,1 ' = ^ Y la ancol hai chuc - > X la andehit hai chuc ->DapanC d Nhan xet: K h i dot chay X : a = b - c - > n x = UQQ^ -nyi^ XVa andehit chua lien ket TT (vi X mach ha) - > X la no, hai chuc hoac khong no (mgt noi doi C=C), don chuc :~: ^ ' Mat khac, phan ung trang bac, mgt phan t u X chi nhuang electron - > X la andehit don chuc - > X la andehit khong no (mgt noi doi C=C), don chuc, m^ch ho -^DapanC ^ » Bai 4: Nhan xet: Bai kiem tra kien thuc ve dieu che Cac phan ung hoa hgc: C2H5OH + C u O '° ) C H C H O + C u + H2O 2CH2=CH2 + O 2 C H C H O C H < : H + H2O ->DapdnB "^^^„"^ > C H C H O , ,,, : ;3gH sofl finfrJ grir" • : ^amc^r- '•H^i'- B a i 5: Nhan xet: Phan ung hoan toan - > X phan ung het (V lit), H2 du The tich H2 da phan ung = 3V - V = 2V B.CH3COOH 4, , • D Axit 3-hidroxipropanoic nhiet dp soi cao nhat? C HOCH2CHO ;' nAg = 0,4 mol, nNa = 0,2mol B Axit adipic Bai 24: Bon cha't dong phan sau day deu co phan tir khoi bang 60 Chat nao co A.HCOOCH3 Bai2: s ^- '" •"^.mfrm C Axit etanoic D Axit metacrylic Bai 20: H a i hgp chat h u u co X, Y co cung cong thuc phan t u C3H6O2 C a X va Y •31« Hl/CyNG D A N - L G I A I pail: D CH3CH2CH2OH -> ^ = ^ = ^ phan tu X CO lien ket n Vx V ^ : ot ' nioi ^^ ' ' X la no, hai chuc hoac khong no (mgt noi doi C = C ) , dan chuc - > Loai A va D •^19 ca'm nang on luyen thi dai hpc 18 chuySn 6i H6a hgc - Nguygn Van Hk\ 0"^ MRcooNn = — = 82 - > R + 67 = 88 0,025 V i d u 10: Chat X c6 cong t h i i c p h a n t u la Cty TIMHH MTV DVVH Khang Vigt J R = 15 (CHs-) - > D a p an C ' ^ C4H8O2 phan ling xa phong hoa phan l i n g t h i i y p h a n chat beo t r o n g m o i t r u o n g k i e m tao t h a n h g l i x e r o l va D u n n o n g 7,04 g a m X v o i ] QQ muo'i cua axit beo (xa phong): g a m d u n g d i c h N a O H 6%, t h u d u g c d u n g d i c h c6 chua 6,56 g a m m u o i Vgy (RCOO)3C3H5 + cong thuT cua X la : f>fc, A HCOOCH2-CH2-CH3 C CH3COOC2H5 , IMOI: B CH3CH2CH2COOH ^ ,1 nNaOH RCOOR' c Mol: ,; + > RCOONa 0,08 Mniuoi = + = 82 0,08 V i d u 11: 'i C M e t y l p r o p i o n a t A 17,80 ^ '-f n nv = 0,05 m o l ; nKon = 0,15 m o l G o i cong t h i i c can t i m la R C O O R ' + KOH — ^ RCOOK + R'OH Chat ran k h a n : K O H = 0,1 m o l ; R C O O K = 0,05 m o l 56.0,1 + (R + 83).0,05 = 10,5 C 16,68 — ^ (RCOO)3C3H5 + N a O H Y chua Mol: n g u y e n t i i O —> C o n g t h i i c p h a n t u ciia Y la C4H8O2 RCOOR' B 18,24 D 18,38 G(?i cong t h i i c chat beo la (RCOO)3C3H5 Lot gidi: 'or ,^^0 Lai gidi: D Isopropyl fomat Tir dap an n h a n thay cac este d e u d o n chuc—> Y d o n chuc JaOH Co can d u n g d i c h t h u d u g c glixerol va m g a m xa p h o n g Gia t r i ciia ' '-[ftn , B P r o p y l fomat ^ y i du 1: Xa p h o n g hoa hoan toan 17,24 gam chat beo can v u a d i i 0,06 m o l v o i 200 g a m d u n g d j c h K O H 4,2% Sau k h i p h a n u n g hoan, c6 can dung ,,, ,; ,^ ^ ViOVMAU Este Y c6 cong thuc d o n gian nhat la C2H4O D u n n o n g 4,4 gam Y A Etyl axetat m,ha-tbeo(g) D a p an C d i c h t h u d u o c 10,5 g a m chat ran khan Ten g o i ciia Y la ^ ^ , Cong t h i i c t i n h : a = i ^ ^ i < O H l ^ j,,mm : - > CH3COOC2H5 ^ beo g o i la chi so'axit (a) ciia chat beo , R + 67 = 82 - > R = 15 (CH3-) ,, So m i l i g a m K O H can de t r u n g hoa het axit beo t u d o c6 t r o n g g a m chat R'OH 0,08 l u o n g n h o axit beo tir RCOOH = 0,15 m o l Goi cong t h i i c can t i m la R C O O R ' NaOH C3H5(OH)3 T h o n g t h u o n g , ngoai triglixerit (RCOO)3C3H5, chat beo chiia m o t Lod gidi: nx = 0,08 m o l ; '" > 3RCOONa + C h i so axit cua chat beo D CH3CH2COOCH3 1,1,' 3NaOH ' 3RCOONa + , , "' * ' * C3HsrOH)3 0,06 0,02 V I Bao toan k h o i l u o n g : ' |l7,24 + 0,06.40 = m + 0,02.92 i ' T ;t|.x r i | f l i m = 17,8 g a m D a p an A ^1 d v 2: T h i j y p h a n hoan toan t r i g l i x e r i t X t r o n g d u n g d i c h N a O H , sau p h a n '•'"> ••i'^'^-^^^'^^•^^^^ R = 15 (CH3-) ^ ' ; l i n g t h u d u o c 0,46 g a m g l i x e r o l ; 1,51 g a m m u o i Ci7H3iCOONa va m g a m • m u o i Ci7H35COONa Gia t r i ciia m la: A 3,06 B 1,83 D 1,54 C.3,08 C H A T B E G a K h a i n i ^ m jl^glixerol = 0,005; n Ci7H3iCOONa = 0,005 Chat beo (hay t r i g l i x e r i t ) la este chiic ciia g l i x e r o l v o l cac axit beo C o n g t h i i c t o n g quat: (RCOO)3C3H5 Nhan xet: ncj7H3iCOONa + ncj7H35COONa = 3nglixetol = 0,015 m o l , \ b C a c axit beo thuong gap C15H31COOH : A x i t p a n m i t i c C17H35COOH : A x i t stearic ' C17H33COOH : A x i t oleic C17H31COOH: A x i t linoleic ; c Cac chat beo thirong gap (Ci5H3iCOO)3C3H5 : T r i p a n m i t i n (Ci7H33COO)3C3H5: T r i o l e i n ' nc,7H35COONa = 0,015 - a005 = 0,010 ; ix£ ,, -> m = 0,01.306 = 3,06 g a m ,f : ' -> D a p an A du 3: T h u y p h a n hoan toan 444 g a m m o t loai chat beo t h u d u g c 46 g a m (Ci7H35COO)3C3H5: Tristearin glixerol va hai loai axit beo H a i loai axit beo d o la (Ci7H3iCOO)3C3H5: T r i l i n o l e i n A C17H31COOH va C17H33COOH B C15H31COOH va C17H35COOH C C17H33COOH va C17H35COOH D C17H33COOH va CisKaiCOOH ' : • 331 C&m nang On luy$n thi djii hi?c 18 chuySn 06 H6a hgc - Nguygn van H5i LM CtyTNHH MTV DWH Khang Vigt gidi: dV 7* Gpi cong t h u c cua chat beo la (RCOO)2(R'COO)C3H5 l m l d u n g d i c h K O H 0,1M C h i so' axit cua m a u cha't beo tren la: Nhan xet: n g i i x e r o i = richat b«> = 0,5 m o l -> (RCOO)2(R'COO)C3H5= 2R + 173 + R' = 888 Vi ^ A = 888 2R + R ' = 715 ^ = 0'68 m o l ; n C 0,020 N h a n thay: 2ruxit nnoieic m K O H = 2800 m g = 2,8 g a m Phan u n g hoa hoc: = n ~ 0/015 m o l Mol: ' chat beo tristearin? (biet hieu suat ciia ca qua t r i n h bang 80%) •••j\CV'' C 456,25 ^ 3Ci7H35COONa + C3H5(OH)3 500 D a p an A n g i i x e r o i = 500 B.9,2 Chi so axit ciia chat beo = " ^ ^ O " ^"^^^ ^ ,, I8CO2 + I H O J - S '' Laigidi: K h i do't chay axit linoleic: ^ i vira d u 350 m l d u n g dich K O H I M , t h u d u g c m g a m glixerol Gia t r i cua m la Nhan xet: A x i t p a n m i t i c va axit stearic d e u no, d o n chuc -> n QQ^ = n ^^o • C17H31COOH + O2 — ^ ' : Xa p h o n g hoa hoan toan k g chat beo c6 chi so'axit b a n g 2,8 can d i i n g A 4,6 D 0,005 = 0/^5 m o l chat beo (g) m o l cua axit Imoleic t r o n g m g a m X la ' , 'n' • [ , Chi s o a x i t c i i a ichat beo ^ m K O H ( m g ) ^ ^ yi ! D 5,5 ; riKOH = 0,0015 m o l -> mKOH = 0,084 g a m = 84 m g D a p an C toan m g a m X t h i t h u d u g c 15,232 l i t k h i CO2 (dktc) v a 11,7 g a m nu6c SA' n C 6,0 Laigidi: hoa m g a m X can m l d u n g d i c h N a O H I M M a t khac, neu d o t chay ho^^ B 0,010 B 7,2 4,8 ^ f't ' ' ^ : H o n h g p X g o m axit panmitic, axit stearic v a axit linoleic D e trung A 0,015 t r u n g hoa lup'ng axit t u d o c6 t r o n g 14 g a m m o t m a u chat beo can A (HCOO)2C3H5-OOCCH3 C (HCOO)3C3H5 B (CH3COO)2C3H5-COOCH3 '8'""^ D (CH3COO)3C3H5 - 4: H g p chat hiru co no, da chuc X c6 cong thuc phan tu C7H:204 C h o 0,1 mol X tac dung viia dii voi 100 g a m dung djch N a O H 8% thu dugc chat jk hu-u CO Y v a 17,8 g a m h o n h g p muo'i C o n g thuc cau tao thu g g n ciia X la , kA^ 333 dm nang On luygn thi Jgi hoc 18 chuySn d6 H6a hpc - Nguygn Van Hai Cty TNHH MlV OVVH Khang Vigt A C H 0 C - ( C H ) - C O O C H B CH3COO-(CH2)2-COOC2H5 C C H C O O - ( C H ) - O O C C H s D CH3OOC-CH2-COO-C3H7 Bai 5: T h u y p h a n h o a n toan 0,2 mol m o t este E can d i i n g v u a d i i 100 g a m dung pal 12: C h o m g a m m o t este d o n chuc vao 200 g a m d u n g d i c h N a O H 8%, d u n den p h a n u n g hoan toan d u o c 208,8 g a m d u n g d i c h X C h u n g ca't hoan toan X, t h u d u o c ancol Y v a 20,2 g a m chat r a n khan L a y toan b g ancol Y vao d i c h N a O H 24%, t h u d u o c m o t ancol va 43,6 g a m h o n h o p muo'i cua hai b i n h d u n g N a d u d u o c 1,12 l i t k h i (dktc) C o n g t h i i c ciia este la: axit cacboxylic d o n chuc H a i axit d o la A HCOOCH2CH3 A H C O O H v a C2H5COOH B H C O O H va C H C O O H C CH3COOC2H5 C C2HSCOOH v a C3H7COOH D C H C O O H v a C2H5COOH Bai 6: Xa p h o n g hoa hoan toan 66,6 g a m h o n h o p h a i este HCOOC2H5 va B CH3COOCH3 ' D C2H5COOCH3 gai 13: K h i d o t chay hoan toan 4,4 gam chat h i i u co X d o n chuc, t h u d u g c san p h a m chay chi g o m 4,48 l i t k h i CO2 (dktc) v a 3,6 g a m nuoc N e u cho 4,4 CH3COOCH3 b a n g d u n g d i c h N a O H , t h u d u o c h o n hg^p X g o m h a i ancol gam X tac d u n g v o i d u n g d i c h N a O H vira d i i d e n p h a n u n g hoan toan, t h u D u n n o n g X v o i H2SO4 dac 140°C, sau k h i p h a n u n g xay hoan toan thu d u g c 4,8 g a m muo'i Y ciia axit h i i u co va chat hixu co Z T e n ciid X la duQC m g a m nuoc Gia t r i ciia m la A E t y l p o p i o n a t A 4,05 B.8,10 ,, ' i/i; C 18,00 Lf D 16,20 Bai 7: Xa p l i o n g h o a hoan toan 1,99 gam h o n h o p h a i este bang d u n g djch N a O H t h u d u o c 2,05 g a m m u o i ciia m o t axit cacboxylic v a 0,94 g a m h6n h o p h a i ancol la d o n g dang ke tiep n h a u Cong thuc cua h a i este d o la A CH3COOCH3 va CH3COOC2H5 B C2H5COOCH3 va C2H5COOC2H5 C CH3COOC2H5 va CH3COOC3H7 D H C O O C H va HCOOC2H5 Bai 8: H n h o p X g o m h a i este no, d o n chiic, mach h o D o t chay hoan toan mot l u g n g X can d u n g v u a d u 3,976 l i t k h i O2 (dktc), t h u d u o c 6,38 g a m CO2 M a t khac, X tac d u n g v o i d u n g dich N a O H , t h u d u o c m o t m u o i va hai ancol la d o n g d a n g k e t i e p C o n g thuc phan t u ciia h a i este t r o n g X la A C2H4O2 va C5H10O2 C C3H402 va C4H6O2 j A< j t ! , B C2H4O2 va CsHbCh-i^O t h u d u o c 8,96 l i t k h i CO2 (dktc) v a 7,2 g a m H O N e u cho m g a m X tac d u n g v u a d u v o i d u n g d j c h N a O H , c6 can d u n g d i c h sau p h a n u n g t h i thu d u g c m u o i k h a n cua m o t axit hCtu ca v a m gam h o n hgp ancol Y la dong d a n g ke tiep Gia t r i ciia m la d''-;.^iM't'f'V^'lAm 'or- 'ryuh f'fH f'f' ffjrf •->• B 6,2.ib unul C 7,1 D 10.1 Bai 10: Este X d o n chuc c6 p h a n t r a m k h o i l u g n g cac n g u y e n to' C, H , O la" l u g t la 48,65%; 8,11% va 43,24% D u n n o n g 3,7 g a m X v o i K O H v u a d u den k h i p h a n l i n g h o a n toan Co can d u n g dich sau p h a n u n g , t h u d u o c 4,2 gani m u o i r a n k h a n Ten g g i cua X la A Etyl piopionat B P r o p y l fomat C M e t y l acrylat D E t y l fomat Bai 11: T r o n g m o t b i n h k i n chua h o i m o t este no, d o n chuc, m a c h h o v a O2 {^^^ m o l O2 gap doi so' m o l can cho phan u n g chay) 136,5°C, ap sua't tron^ b i n h la 0,80 a t m D o t chay hoan toan este sau d o d u a v e n h i e t d o b a n dai^'' ap sua't t r o n g b i n h liic la 0,95 a t m C o n g thuc p h a n t u ciia este la A.C3H6O2 334 , B.C2H4O2 CC4H8O2 D E t y l axetat ^- ^^^V^ p r o p i o n a t , C I s o p r o p y l axetat .n,3.i>\.- Bai 14: C h o 20 g a m m o t este X (co phan t u k h o i la 100) tac d u n g v o i 300ml d u n g d j c h N a O H I M Sau p h a n l i n g , co can d u n g d i c h t h u d u g c 23,2 g a m chat r a n k h a n C o n g t h i i c cau tao ciia X la A CH2=CHCH2COOCH3 B C H C O O C H = C H C H C C2H5COOCH=CH2 D CH2=CHCOOC2H5 Bai 15: C h o 175 g a m chat beo co chi so axit la tac d u n g v o i d u n g d i c h K O H d u , sau p h a n u n g , kho'i l u g n g muo'i t h u d u g c la 191,15 g a m K h o i l u g n g K O H da t h a m gia p h a n l i n g la A 28,0 g a m B 17,5 gam C 14,0 g a m D 35,0 g a m Bai 16: C h o 200 g a m m o t loai chat beo co chi so axit la tac d\ing v u a d i i v o i id I D C3H6O2 va C4H8O2 Bai 9: D o t chay hoan toan h o n h o p X g o m hai este can d u n g 10,8 l i t k h i O2 (dkct) A 5,5 b i^di ' j e o J - e i - n fc.ii>i (• C 30,00 gam D 31,00 g a m Bai 17: De t r u n g hoa 150 g a m m o t loai chat beo co chi so' axit bang 7, can d i m g d u n g d i c h chiia a g a m N a O H Gia t r i ciia a la A 1,50 B.2,80 C.0,75 Bai 18 (A-10): C h o so d o chuyen hoa : Triolein - >X fo«'^D 2,00 .j^^jj-v-/ r >Y - ) Z - v Ten ciia Z la • ^^^'^^^'^"^^ '-^ ^ A A x i t oleic '•'-^''•^W " C A x i t stearic • ipoo'i H I / N G D A N - L O I GIAI^n'* -'^'^ *^l>^k%^ B.Axitlinoleic D A x i t panmitic ^ ' ' ' ntf ncdt] '^''-^J "KC Bail: CH3COO-CH=CH2 ^DapanC + H2O > CH3COOH + CH3CHO mm^^,* ^^ V • • 335 Cty I M H H M T V D W H Khanfl Vijt dm nang On luygn thi dgi hgc 18 chuyfin 66 H6a hgc - NguySn Van H5i pai 5: n w a O H = 0,6 Bai 2: Nhan xet: N h o m chiic este - C O O - chiia l i e n ket n, n h o m C=C chiia lien k e t 71 + ;•• Este chua l i e n ket re: Este no, d o n chuc —> C o n g thurc d a n g : CnH2n02 CnH2n02 + Ta co: O2 = no2 — ! ^ nC02 > = l,5n-l Nhan xet: ^ ^ ^ ^ = M = -)> E la este chuc ' nE 0,2 Theo bai: T h u y p h a n E t h u d u g c m u o l v a ancol - > A n c o l chuc, cac axit d o n chuc + nH20 Phan u n g hoa hoc: > n = - > C3H6O2 • n = 4,5: Loai T h u 50:50: Mol: a — ^ a HCOOK a (a a = 0,18 CH3COOCH3 + K O H i Mol: a Loai i'^^,^''0:%^ iWf;rk a a , Bao toan k h o i l u g n g : 74a + 0,14.56 = 12,88 + 32a ^ (a , , E la este chuc 'f!'^ M ^ t khac: T h u y p h a n E t h u d u g c m o t m u o i va m o t ancol —> L o a i A v a B Bao toan kho'i l u g n g : ' - > meste Meste = n N n O H = 0,2 Nhan xet: Mol: = 176 D a p an C ., 05.1 mol E la este hai chuc =2 ^'^ ' -> ^ muoi + ancol Y N/zan xet- Bao toan k h o i l u o n g : Bao toan kho'i lugng: meste + m N a O H = mmuoi - > mv = 0,1.160+ 0,2.40-17,8 = 6,2 + mv M v = — = 62 0,1 - > Y la C2H4(OH)2 ^ 336 Dap an C ' ,.,,JO,9.V., ,i^0.,»-d+#;63 '>' DapanB.j.^ nNcOH RCOOR Mol: 0,025 + NaOH m H j O =0,45.18 = 8,1 g a m ^ _^ R O H = jpj^ =-= n RCOONa + R ' O H 0,45 -> RCOONa = So phan ling: X + N a O H — ar.,n ^= > R ' - O - R ' + H2O': i : f o r t t r , b i d ;k>ra 50,0- R * Loai A v i chi tao mot muoi la N a O O C - ( C H ) - C O O N a Loai D v i chi tao mpt muoi la N a O O C - C H - C O O N a n ~ S uJ nfiriq j i r r t t grio'J 'fe:- -'-p.r.'-r .•^• •• w, [ • ' n * f • ^ F 0,9 mNoOH 0/1 B a i 4: 0,9 at.^5; 2R'OH m e s t e + m N a O H = m m u o i + mancoi = 20,4 + 9,2 - 0,3.40 = 17,6 0,6 D a p an B = 0,9 mol:,,rt)t5^,ts^.,jQ,HiO RCOOR' + N a O H Mol: m = 0,12.74 = 8,88 g a m - > D a p an C Nhan xet: " ^ ^ Q " = — R =5,67 Bai 6: N/ian xet: H a i este la d o n g phan, c6 c u n g cong thuc CsHeOz :,''; 0,2 _ 4^ RCOONa= — =72,67 - > 0,6 - > neste= CH3COOK+ CH3OH v - > H a i axit la H C O O H va CH3COOH + C2H5OH a - ,«Q^,f.jirs, iomt^ft", (RC00)3R' + N a O H — ^ 3RCOONa + R'(OH)3 n; ^ Este chiia l i e n ket n: Este k h o n g no ( m o t lien ke't C=C), d o n chuc - > Cong HCOOC2H5 + K O H ,, ^ - > G o i este E la (RC00)3R' - > X la HCOOC2H5 hoac CH3COOCH3 + mol ' ^ ^^^^ , ^ ^^, ^ ^ ^v^ _ 0,025 = 82 - > R = 15 (CH3-) - > Lo?i A vaD.^^'* '' n = —= = — neste 0,15 " este Cong thiic phan tie este: C H O va C H O -> Cong thuc cau tao este: H C O O C H (a mol) va HCOOC2H5 (b mol) = ^ ^ ^ ! ^ - > a + 3b = 0,4 a+b -> a = a05mol; b = 0,1 mol Phan ling hoa hpc: H C O O C H + NaOH — ^ HCOOC2H5 ^ R'OH Mol: kem nguyen t u cacbon ^ HCOONa + CHsOH + NaOH '' : Ml : 16 mRcooK + R'OH , C4H8O2 nC02 + nH20 -> 0,05(R + 67) = 4,8 ^ RCOONa + R'OH 0,05 R = 29 ( C H - ) ' —> Cong thuc cau tao cua X: C H C O O C H (metyl propionat) Bai 14: nx = 0,2 mol; RCOOR' Mol: -> na " H > ^)/,> X la C4H8O2 'V n w a O H = 0,3 mol Cong thuc ciia X la C n H n - 2 Do Mx = 100 nC02 + nH20 (l,5n-l)a , NMn xet: Cac dap an deu la este khong no (mpt noi doi C=C), don chiic Bai 11: Goi este can tim la CnH2n02 338 88 02 — ^ 0,2/n Mol: = 4,2 = 0,05.(R + 83) -> R = a 8 = = Meste RCOOR' + NaOH — ^ • vi'3 -> Cong thuc cau tao cua X la H C O O C H - » Dap an D Mol: ,, j Gpi cong thuc cua X la RCOOR'va nx = 0,05 mol 0,05 C„H2n02 + , , , ->DapanB -> , 0,05 -> — (14n + 32) = 4,4 ^ n = 4,05 : 8,11 : 2,7 = : : RCOOR' + K O H — R C O O K 0,05 - -f-> = 8,8 gam > R'ONa + i H 0,1 Mol: ^ ' ->XlaC3H602 Mol: meste RCOONa + R'OH CnH2n02 + HCOONa + C H O H NMn xet: Este don chiic -> GQI X la C x H y 12 mol O'l • • ;:||' ; Chat ran khan gom: RCOONa = 0,1 mol;.NaOH d u = 0,3 mol -> (R + 67).0,1 + 40.0,3 = 8,2 -> R = 15 ( C H H ' ' -> Este la CH3COOC2H5 ^ Dap an C Bai 13: n COT = 0,2 mol; n H20 = 0, 2mol NMn xet: Cac dap an deu la este no, don chuc -> Cong thiic C n H n m = 0,05.32 + 0,1.46 = 6,2 gam -> Dap an B Ta co: X : y : = = 0,05 + Na -> ngst(,-na„j,oi Bai 10: ' n ^2 RCOOR' + NaOH = 0^5 mol axit hvhi co va hon hgip ancol Y la dong dang ke tiep —> este X hon mol; Nhan xet: Khoi lugng dung dich tang = phuong trinh hoa hoc: ' Mat khac, cho X tac dung voi dung dich NaOH, thu dugc muoi cua mot , , n N a O H = 0,4 • o,u Tac6:a + b = 0,15mol.Matkhac: K = - Dap an A Bail2: ' -> -> _^ C H O NMn xet: n QQ^ = n j^jO ~^ Cac este deu no, don chiic -> Cong thiic cua estelaC-H2-02 •^^>,=tX':>>i r n ^ Bao toan nguyen to oxi: 2n ^ste + 2n a + 2(l,5n-l)a 0,80 3n-l 0,80 ^ — = —> = — — —> n = ( l , n - l ) a + 2na 0,95 3,5n-l 0,95 , Ta co: = 3,625 —= na 0,2 + NaOH 0,2 C5H8O2 RCOONa + R'OH -> 0,2 ' ) Chat ran khan: NaOH d u = 0,1 mol; RCOONa: 0,2 mol -> 40.0,1 + 0,2(R + 67) = 23,2 ^ -> X la C H C O O C H ^ R = 29 (C2H5-) Dap an C 339 Cty T N H J T M W I S W R Khang Vigt cam nang on luygn thi dai hpc 18 chuyen de H6a hgc - Nguygn Van Hii i u y e n de 16 Bai 15: Chi so axit cua chat beo = ^Il^Qni^ 8^i ^ W i f ^ mchatbeo(g) -> CACBOHIDRAl • ^' - r' ' : PHAN LOAI mj(;oH = 1400 m g = 1,4 g a m - > moH = 0,025 m o l Phan u n g hoa hpc: r ! ^i r f e , RCOOH + KOH Mol: 0,025 (RCOO)3C3H5 > RCOOK + H2O 0,025 0,025 ^ + 3KOH Mol: 3x Bao toan k h o i l u g n g : ^ - 175 mdiat •^ > + C3H5(OH)3 > 3RCOOK -> ' Polisaccarit: T i n h bgt va xenluiozo D a p an D ^ = " ^ K O H (mg) nKOH = 0,025 - > nwaOH ^n^^^ 2C6H12O6 + Cu(OH)2 > (C6Hii06)2Cu 2Ci2H220ii + Cu(OH)2 > (Ci2H2iOn)2Cu + H O Mol: ^ i ' a025 uo-s:: (RCOO)3C3H5 > R C O O N a + H2O ^ + 3NaOH Mol: 3x Bao toan kho'i l u g n g : mchat beo 0,025 ,0„iH,>D -> 200 + (1 + 40.3x) = 207,55 + 92.x + 0,025.18 X = 0,25 m o l = (0,025 + 0,25.3).40 = 30 g a m ii'-.^/i lal^iLKJ^'A •* • i-iUhr'i Bail?: Chisoaxitcuachatbeo="^^°»("^g^ ylWV^JM „ , nNaOH = ^''f,^, m N a O H = 0,75 1,875.10"^mol nKOH= gam Dap an C ; Bai 18: ""^ '^'^^"^ -.litt.) ^^'^ ^ Cac disaccarit va polisaccarit c6 kha nang t h a m gia p h a n u n g t h i i y p h a n k h i + H2O C6H12O6 (C6Hl0O5)n + Glucozo + nH20 -> C6H12O6 Fructozo nC6Hi206 Glucozo Xenluiozo mKOH = 1050 m g = 1,05 g a m ^ nKOH = 1,875.10-^ m o l ""^^S"" ' Nhan thay: - ^ Phan vmg thuy phan d Phan u n g len men Hai ^ ' m a t m a u n u o c b r o m : Glucozo va mantozo Saccarozo D a p an C -> = i ^ W ^ Lam C12H22O11 " mwaOH £ / d u n n o n g t r o n g d u n g d i c h axit H2SO4 loang + ni^ f), —~ + mgiixeroi , A m o n i gluconat c X mmuoi TIJUI./ H O - C H - ( C H O H ) - C O O N H + 2Ag > R C O O N a + C3H5(OH)3 + mNaOH = j t j M riiy Mra^wj-jtid ^fuh 56'3fil- H O - C H - ( C H O H ) - C H O + Ag20 + NH3 — a'^-tv, 0,025 + 2H2O ,ij,5;(:j:,>ijis n + NaOH niaiq T h a m gia p h a n u n g t r a n g g u o n g : Glucozo, fructozo va mantozo = 0,025 Phan l i n g hoa hoc: RCOOH •JOS :/•/ ; ijt.ri mmxnf^yx,zvf b T i n h chat cua nhom chuc andehit m ^ o H = 1400 m g = 1,4 g a m - > 'Mil d i c h m a u xanh l a m la: Glucozo, fructozo, saccaorozo va m a n t o z o = 0,2 m o l - > m K O H = (0,025 + 0,2.3).56 = 35 g a m Chi so axit a i a chat beo = ^^Wf^ ^ Saccarozo va m a n t o z o Bon cacbohidrat hoa tan d u g c Cu(OH)2 dieu k i ^ n t h u o n g tao t h a n h d u n g + mgiixeroi Bai 16: -> Disaccarit: T i n h chat cua ancol da chiic 175 + (1,4 + 56.3x) = 191,15 + 92.x + 0,025.18 -> X G l u c o z o va fructozo T I N H C H A T H O A H O C X beo + mKOH = mmuoi Monosaccarit: cacbohidrat t h u o n g d u g c d u n g cho p h a n u n g l e n m e n la glucozo va t i n h bgt C6H12O6 ) 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 , u-jb 06 qeb :)K,'.> ;inx nh ' (C6Hio05)n + nH20 > 2nC2H50H + nh qeQ 2nC02 j ^ j p ^ ^ - ) ,j, Phan u n g este hoa (Ci7H33COO)3C3H5 + 3H2 ) 3Ci7H35COONa + C3H5(OH)3 Ci7H35COONa + H C l ) C17H35COOH + N a C l -> Z la axit stearic , Dap an C *^ * ^ ' ^-^^ ^^)^'^ ^' ^-'^-^^ ^ Cacbohidrat thuong dugc diing cho phan ung este hoa la xenluiozo: -> [C6H702(ON02)3]n + 3nH20 [C6H702(OH)3]n + 3nHN03 Xenluiozo trinitrat (thuoc sung) [C6H702(OH)3]n + 3n(CH3CO)20 — > [C6H702(OOCCH3)3]n + n C H C O O H Xenluiozo triaxetat (to axetat) 341 dm Cty TIMHH MTV DWH Khang Vigt nang On luy^n thi d^i hpc 18 chuy6n 66 H6a hoc - IMguyJn V5n Hit v i D V M A U V i d\ : MQ* phan tit saccarozo c6 _^ a = - ^ = 0,2 M D a p an A 05 Y i d v 5: T h i i y p h a n hoan toan 3,42 gam saccarozo t r o n g m o i t r u o n g axit, t h u „ i, i | A MQt goc (3-glucozo va m p t go'c p-frucoza B M o t go'c p-glucozo va m o t goc a-frucozo ' C H a i go'c a-glucozo ' d u n g djch AgNOs/NHs, d u n nong, t h u d u g c m g a m A g ket tua Gia t r i ciia !*M , • D M p t goc a-glucozo va m o t goc (3-frucoza • dugc d u n g d i c h X C h o toan b g d u n g d j c h X phan u n g het v o i l u g n g d u '* m la MI Lm^mi 'J'-' ,i A 21,6 B.2,16 goc (3-frucozo —> D a p an D nsiicc.nrozci = 0,01 Mol: chat t r o n g day tac d u n g d u g c v o i Cu(OH)2 la B v m # > ; l ' i c f'^'i' •CJISWS ';-«H glucozo + fructozo 0,01 + AgaO + NH3 0,01 RCOONH4 + 2Ag |i 0,02 -> 0,04 '^^ v ^r ' • • ,• • ; roso•le:x;f;.,'• —> mAg = 4,32 gam —> D a p an B ,; I Lini y: Fructozo cung t h a m gia phan u n g trang g u o n g v i t r o n g m o i t r u o n g k i e m (NHs), fructozo chuyen hoa glucoza hidroxyl? P^i d v 6: X e n l u l o z o t r i n i t r a t dugc dieu che t u xenlulozo v a axit nitric dac c6 xiic A K h i r hoan toan glucozo hexan ^ tac axit sunfuric dac, nong D e c6 29,7 k g xenlulozo t r i n i t r a t , can diang d u n g d i c h chua m k g axit n i t r i c (hi^u sua't phan u n g dat 90%) Gia t r i ciia m la B Cho glucoza tac d u n g v o l Cu(OH)2 A 42 C Tien hanh p h a n u n g tao este cua glucoza v o i a n h i d r i t axetic owiuut; D T h u c h i ^ n p h a n u n g trang bac Lai ^^r-^ > C6H702(OH)3 + C d u n g v i k h i tien hanh p h a n u n g tao este ciia glucoza v a i a n h i d r i t axetic, thu dugc este chuc - > glucoza c6 n h o m - O H - > D a p ?n C V i d u 4: C h o m l d u n g d j c h glucozo n o n g a mol/1 tac d u n g v a i m p t l u g n g d u A g N O i / N H s , t h u d u g c 2,16 g a m bac ket tiia Gia t r i cua a la A 0,20 B.0,10 C 0,05 Led HAg WXm Mol: D 0,15 gidi: 0,01 + AgaO > DapanB ^ai4: :;': : A f r.y, £kiliC£: ' ' :>{:m'fiort grro ,nfi-i CXH + irOaHsrD cha't CO p h a n u n g trang bac: Glucozo, fructozo, e t y l fomat, axit fomic, andehit axetic Co chat CO p h a n l i n g v o i Cu(OH)2 dieu k i e n t h u o n g : Glucozo, fructozo, axit fomic - > D a p an A iivft'tP ^.^Ji't p • ' • • , niu 347 Cain r u n g n l u y e n I h i cJai h p c c l i i i y e n Bai 5: nsobitoi = 0,01 6i H6a hl?C - ^!'Juy6n Cty TIMHH MTV DWH Khang Vi$t mol Bai 11: C H ( O H ) [ C H ( O H ) ] C H O + H2 Mol: vnii iiai ) CH2(OH)[CH(OH)]4CH2(OH) 0,01 nAg = 0,06 mol Nhan xet: Bong thien nhien c6 chua xenlulozo: 0,01 H = MH^.100% = 80% m = 2,25 gam - > Dap an A '' C6H10O5 0,03 Mol: RCHO C a c chat Lhoa man: H - C H O , H - C O O H , C H - C H O , C12H22O11 (mantozo) —> D a p an D Luu y: C2H2 cung c6 phan ling v o l dung djch AgNOs N H s tao ket tua Bai 7: ^ ijv- (o' •mPk''"'^- = 0,03mol :•.;••/»}}• t58'••^:mc RCHO Mol: ^ + A g + NH3 0,015 '" ) + RCOONH4 y C5H12O5 (glucozo) + C6H12O6 (fructozo) ""^ y + Ag20 + N H '" ) y + RCOONH4 x + 2y 2Ag o" ' 2(x + 2y) , „; ,Q„H,3 ' nAg = 0,08 mol Ci2H220n Loai A v i chi c6 saccarozo va mantozo hoa tan dupe Cu(OH)2 Loai B v i khong c6 chat nao tham gia phan u n g trung ngung Mol: _ Loai C v i chi c6 mantozo tham gia phan ung trang guong -) ^ ^ Chpn D v i cac disaccarit va polisaccarit deu c6 the hi thiiy phan Q J, + H2O 2C6H12O6 (glucoza) > y ^r>lf»l»T«v filiiv -f^m>f RCHO Mol: - > Dap an D + Ag20 + NH3 — x + 2y s^ j- s^^ ^ + 2Ag RCOONH4 -> ; j.mS)^.'^'k,^ r.^r*-, iV.,:,,, -> 2(x + 2y) = 0,08 2(x + 2y) x = 0,02 mol; y = 0,01 mol OJtSE B trer^tlnffl 4- Bai 10: Nhan xet: Saccarozo v a mantozo la disaccarit dong phan, thiiy phan mol moi cha't deu thu dup-c mol monosaccarit (glucozo, fructozo) deu c6 Phan u n g hoa hpc: C12H22O11 "' + H2O > 2C6H12O6 0,1 RCHO - > D a p an B Bai 14: " 0,2 Vay m = 0,1.342 = 34,2 gam ^ - RCOONH4 • D a p an B netanoi LwTi = 0,12 kmol ' , ^' a::H/ g>!!:di jie>„ 2C2H5OH 180(g) (viet gpn la R C H O ) nr, q s G < C6H12O6 kha nang tham gia phan xmg trang b^c Mol: ,^,Q, Goi so mol: Glucozo = x ; saccarozo = y T a c6:180x + 342y = 7,02 Bai 9: Mol: ,{,,| 0^ Dap an B phan mantozo chi tao glucoza 348 ^ - > m = 0,19.180+ 0,1.342 = 68,4 gam Lini y them: Thiiy phan saccarozo tao glucoza v a fructozo, thuy ' ,, ' = 0,78 mol nAg ^ = 97,2% %mxeniuiozo -^2(x + ? y ) = 0,78 - > X = 0,19 mol; y = 0,1 mol X = 0,015 - > y = 0,01 mol - > C M = 0,1 M - > D a p an A 2Ag 0,06 = 162.0,06 = 9,72 gam ^ Bai 12: Mol: 0,03 + RCOONH4 2C2H5OH 60 |i,|r »", > >f;*-f tM-M J/: Cac b a n chi can viet p h a n li-ng cua mSt xich xenluloiza: 72 100 —> mgiuc^zo (pu) = 9,72 kg — > mgiucozo(trongssn) = —^^^^^^ = 21,6 k g —>• D a p an A 60 Bai 16: ,v" 0,55 • Mol: 0,2 V » + r^ :;., 4'I'vf;,; • l ^ ; , ^ > CaCOsi Ca(OH)2 , > x Ca(HC03)2 Mol: • = 12,96 + H2O * C5H702(OH)3 kg "V f'i'U) •-f'V ' ''^ ^ i «.,0^>l»ij I H CaCOsi nco2 = 0'75mol • ' ' C6H10O5 H2O + > 2C2H5OH 0,375 ' \H Luu y: Cac b a n c h i can viet phan l i n g ciia m a t xich x e n l u l o z o : +2CO2 mdung djch • « Mf Ca(HC03)2 ; — 0,1 Mol: Mol: i i f )),] .,,,., ,,,,.•-„ o>55.: • 2CO2 + • A:,Y\,.-^.^.fV-, , + Ca(OH)2 CO2 Mol: — > rrigiucozo (cSn dung) = pali 19: irixenlulozo trinitrat 'l'iU;j:.MMMrdmfi:!i>M''' c l i f t i< « H I I ' u< 'Id 0,75 60,75.100 „^ mtinhbot = 162.0,375 = 60,75 g a m - > m = — =75 gam 81 ->Dap anD metanoi = 5.0,46.0,8 = 1,84 k g net.-.noi = 0,04 k m o l "" ' ' ' Luu y: Cac e m c h i can viet p h a n u n g ciia m a t xich x e n l u l o z o : + H2O C6H10O.S Mol: 20 • > 2C2H.SOH ' • m g i u o z o = ^' / -f^^ * lofiiVt'f f * WKl, I ' >]\ - > D a p an D , Bai 18: i,iO.^;'i mtinh b9t = 0,8 k g C6H10O5 , + H2O 162 k g ) ; 8kg 2C2H5OH -> 92 k g -> 4,54kg + 2CO2 (»i^)08! , ; ^ / /,ft«fie|6a,•f , 54 50 -»metnnol= - > 1/ = 2,27 ' V d u n g d k h = 2,96 -» Vetanol = 2,84 lit • • n&fcf fSiv flflb irf;> fsfd , ^' ' lit > D a p an D 350 kg • "• • ;\ UM fiitrr.f.rr!oldii> 351 dm X t y TWHirWTV-TJWH Khang VigT~ nang On luyjn thi dgi hpc 18 chuySn d l H6a hpc - Nguyjn Van HAi f tD V M A U Chuyen de 17 V Vii d u l : Cho day gom cac chat sau: C H N H A l l I X - AMINO AXIT - P E P T I T A M I N (3), + „, • i.-: A m i n thom: C6H5-NH2 CeHs-NKi: + + Phenylamin (anilin) ,;«>!,(J()c K : : *" ' D (4), (2), (5), (1), (3) M \ LM giui: ' SjftVi/i'hl A •>^'>Jj J t J i l j g « : ; t' - ' f,(HO):C, / ' S>5S«^s - > gdXS"^''' Vi du: C6H5NH2 < NH3 < C2H5NH2 Nhom amin dinh voi cang nhieu vong benzen se co tinh bazo cang yeu Vidu: (C6H5)2NH , Cac amin no, mach ho co tinh bazo yeu va lam doi mau chi thi (qui rim Vay: Tinh bazo sap xep theo thii t u giam dan la: (4), (2), (5), (1), (3) xanh, p h e n o l p h t a l e i n ^ hong) —> + HCl > A HCl > ' > Fe(OH)3i + 3CH3NH3CI d Amin thom •''^ C2H5OH + N t < Lcngtat: + C6H5NH2 Phenylamin HCl - C6H5CHBr-CH2Br OH OH + H2O • i-,00rA;,S^;£ Metylamin + {yd otiH -» Lam doi mau chi thi: CH3NH2 + fX'OSi! feux ' \ sOlflf-fc+ c A m i n m ^ c h h a "* ir.ik va cac amin co nhom -NH2 dinh vao goc ankyl no (-CH3, -C2H5, ) ; ^''^ (CH3)3N: Trimetylamin ; Cac amin co nhom -NH2 dinh vao vong benzen co tinh bazo yeu hon NHs ?-S CeHsNHsCl > + 3HBr Phenylamoni clorua Anilin khong lam doi mau qui tim + Tac dung v&i nuac brom ^ Anilin tac dung voi nuoc brom, tao ket tua trang 2,4,6-tribromanilin: + 3Br2 ^ » 352 > + 3HBr 2,4,6-tribromanilin + 3Br2 + 3HBr Dap an C 353 ngc po cnuyen de Hoa hqc - Nguyen van Hi\ y i dv 5: K h i d o t chay h o a n toan m p t a m i n d a n chuc X, t h u d u g c 4,48 l i t k h i V i dxf 3: De t r u n g hoa 25 g a m d u n g d i c h cua m o t a m i n d o n chuc X, n o n g (j^ CO2; 1,12 l i t k h i N2 (cac the tich k h i d o dktc) va 6,3 g a m H2O C o n g thuc 12,4% can d u n g 100ml d u n g d i c h H C l I M C o n g thuc p h a n t u ciia X la -y- A C s H s N B.C2H7N C C H s N cua X la D C3H7N A.CsHrN , Lcri gidi: mx= ^ •• _ G p i cong thuc cua X la RNH2 + RNH2 z cH M o l : 0,1 HCl x = 2,y = - » h o n h g p Y g o m k h i va h o i D a n toan bo Y d i qua d u n g d i c h H2SO4 A C3H7N.' O2 — ^ 3CO2 + 3a -H2O + ' Mol: 4,5a hap t h u B C3H9N C C4H9N , Y L a m bay h o i D !••^"(}?Jf^'f::'~^••' • So n g u y e n t u H trung^ b i n h = - ^ ^ ^ - — - Vx 50 9H —> So nguyen t u H trung binh cua hai " V c o > y-175 = 150ml > 3a = 6V So n g u y e n t u C t r u n g b i n h = nen suy ^^ " ^ —> So n g u y e n t u C t r u n g b i n h cua hai hidrocacbon > - > L o a i A v a C ' '-fy; '• 0,1 X 1: C3H7NH2 D a p an B I t r o n g day d o n g dSng) phan u n g het v o i d u n g d j c h H C l d u , t h u dupfc 3,925 g a m h o n h g p m u o i C o n g thuc ciia hai a m i n t r o n g X la A CH3NH2 va C2H.SNH2 , C C3H7MHi va C.H9NH2 ,, , B C2H.SNH2 va C H N H , D CH3NH2 v a (CH3)3N , ^ hidrocacbon < —> Loai D M a t khac, k h i d o t chay a m i n va hidrocacbon: ^£02 0,1 HCl i 'f^'l*' ,u V i d\ 7: C h o 2,1 g a m h o n h o p X g o m hai a m i n (no, d a n chuc, ke tiep gG V H = 375 - = 200ml va V ^ Q / V ^ ^ = 175ml t r i m e t y l a m i n chua C2H7N ii M x = 59 - > R = 43 (C3H7-) 0,5a HO + RNH2 • Nhqn xet: K h i d a n Y d i qua d u n g d j c h H2SO4 dac ( d u ) , c h i c6 h o i nuoc bi 354 '., G p i cong t h u c cua X la RNH2 a - > Dap anB 0,05 —• n H a = , l m o l Phan u t t g hoa hpc: Vi 0,35 Nhqn xet: Bao toan k h o l l u p n g : mnci = 9,55 - b,9^ P^.t'^ g a m :£ vHOgl j^a-^" 0,2 Lcngidi: D C3H8 va C4H10 Lcngidi: -N2 C o n g thuc cua Y la C2H7N B C H va C4H8 •, ^H20 + d u n g d i c h Y d u g c 9,55 g a m muo'i k h a n C o n g t h u c phan t u cua X la { iiivsfiad loM& XCO2 + sau k h i p h a n u n g xay hoan toan, t h u dupe d u n g d;c! dac ki?n H a i hidrocacbon d o la (CH3)3N + — ^ Vi dv 6: C h o 5,9 g a m a m i n d o n chuc X tac d u n g vira d i i \6l ^tu'ig d i c h H C l , ( d u ) , the t i c h k h i l a i la 175ml Cac the tich k h i va h o i d o c i i n g dieu A C2H4 va C3H6 ^ - > D a p an D hidrocacbon d o n g dSng ke tiep bang m p t l u g n g o x i v u a d u , t h u d u o c 375inl Mol: (x + ^ ) ^ ^ Mol: V i d u 4: D o t chay hoan toan 50ml h o n hg-p k h i X g o m t r i m e t y l a m i n va hai ,,; ; f i ; s - + CxHyN - » D a p an C kfi C C2H6 v a C3H8 D C2H7N G p i cong t h u c can t i m la CxHyN Phan u n g hoa hoc: RNH3CI ';>i;'idrjj! ;inR• Dap an C A CH3CH2COONH4 cuam la 1,, A.1U5,,,,^,V.- Khi cho X tac dung voi dung dich NaOH: -£i; ; > CH3CH2CH2NH3CI thuc cau tao thu gpn ciia X la dyng voi dung dich H C l du, thu dugc dung dich chua m gam muoi Gia trj Glyxin (H2N-CH2-CC)OH) = a mol va axit axetic (CH3COOH) = b mol ^ > CIH3NCH2COOH CH3CH2CH2NH2 + H C l iHi,'"!' ii< 4: Cho 19,5 gam hon hgp X gom glyxin va axit axetic tac dung vua du voi dung dich NaOH, thu dugc dung dich Y chua 26,1 gam muoi Cho Y tac j • —> Dap an B = 0,02 mol Luu y: Trong bai cac em de quen NaCl tinh khoi lugng muoi va Kho'i luQTig phan tit cua muoi = 0,02 = 82 J M u o i la CH3COONa Phuong trinh phan ung: CH3COONH3CH3 + NaOH ^ " > CH3COONa + CH3NH2 + H2O - —> Dap an B V i d\ 3: Ho n hgp X gom amino axit no (chi c6 nhom chuc - C O O H va - N H chgn nham phuong an A! !''rnvb uHt K V i d u 5: Cho 13,4 gam hon hgp X gom alanin va etylamin tac dung vua du voi dung dich HCl, thu dugc dung dich Y chua 20,7 gam muoi Cho Y tac dyng voi dung dich K O H du, thu dugc dung djch chua m gam muoi Gia tri cua m la A 23,70 B 27,60 phan tu), t i If mo: mw = 80 : 21 Biet rang 3,83 gam X tac dung C 21,05 D 12,60 ' ; Lai giai: vua d i i voi 30 m l dung djch H C l I M De tac dyng vira du voi 3,83 gam X Alanin (H2N-CH(CH3)-COOH) = a mol va etylamin (C2H5NH2) = b mol can V m l dung dich K O H I M Gia tri aia V la A 30 B.20 mol -NH3CI - > khoi lugng tSng 36,5 gam 0,2 mol a + b = a2mol Mgt khac: 89a + 45b = 13,4 - > a = 0,1 mol; b = 0,1 mol Khi cho Y + NaOH du, thu dugc cac muoi: H2N-CH(CH3)-COOK (0,1 m )1) va KCl (0,2 mol) theo cac phan ung: ClH3N-CH(CH3)-COOH + K O H C2H5NH3CI + K O H > H2N-CH(CH3)-COOK +KC1 )• C2H5NH2 + KCl 359 ... mft 313 dm Cty TNHH M rv DVVH Khang Vigt nang On luy$n thi djii hpc 18 chuy6n 66 H6a hpc - Nguyin Van HAi Tang giarn kho'i l i r g n g : n x = — = 0, 06 m o l So'nguyen t u cacbon t r u n g b... ; Bai 18: ""^ '^'^^"^ -.litt.) ^^'^ ^ Cac disaccarit va polisaccarit c6 kha nang t h a m gia p h a n u n g t h i i y p h a n k h i + H2O C6H12O6 (C6Hl0O5)n + Glucozo + nH20 -> C6H12O6 Fructozo... axetat) 341 dm Cty TIMHH MTV DWH Khang Vigt nang On luy^n thi d^i hpc 18 chuy6n 66 H6a hoc - IMguyJn V5n Hit v i D V M A U V i d : MQ* phan tit saccarozo c6 _^ a = - ^ = 0,2 M D a p an A 05 Y i