Cẩm nang ôn luyện thi đại học 18 chuyên đề hóa học 4

Cty TNIIH MIV DVVH Khang Vigt Cam nang 6n luy^n thi dgi hgc 18 chuy§n d§ H6a hqc - Nguyen Van Hk\ Lai m= gidi: Cac p h a n u n g hoa hoc: gf 3Cu Cu Q|J + 8HN03{loang) > 3Cu(N03)2 + N O + H O + mN03{dac,nguoi) > Cu(N03)2 + 2NO2 + 2H2O Lwu y: V o i d u n g d i c h h o n h(7p cac i o n — C u * + N p + H2O ' A M g , nj^ > s i n h V l i t k h i N O (san p h a m k h u d u y nhat, dktc) Gia t r i ciia V l a j t j Lai n Cu = 6,4 64 , ^^^^y^, D 1,120 j -j^^i ' , nf^j Nhan xet: k h i axit H N O c6 m a t d o n g thoi v o i axit H2SO4 l o a n g thi l u g n g t r o n g d u n g d i c h l a d o axit p h a n l i - > G i a i theo p h u o n g t r i n h i o n 3Cu Mol: a09 + 'v^^' ^^^ ; ^ 0*./sH Qd;^ j r i i > 3Cu2* a06 V = 0,06.22,4 = 1,344 l i t + 2NO ' , :D + 4H2O 0,06 loW D a p an A V i dv 17: Cho 3,36 g a m M g tac d y n g v o i d u n g dich H N O a d u , t h u d u g c 0,448 lit MM(N03)2 Vi 0,02 = ^ = , mol; n ^ = ^ = a m o l 24 22,4 Chat khu: M g - 2e C h a t oxi hoa: 2N*5 + jOe D 23,00 6c,r)dc-'i; * ^'.[: >U ^^^^^ + ge ;gn A p d y n g bao toan electron: n ^ g = 10 n ^ j + nNH4N03 6!fifi^» ( f^'r-riiih , , - , , nNH4N03 = ^ =0,01 m o l Dap an D KV > NH4Na xet: Cho X + H C l d u giai p h o n g H2 NMn :i - " f r u ri X chua Z n - > Z n d u (s, i : *::^A > Zn(N03)2 + 2Ag > Zn(N03)2 + C u > ZnS04 + H2 ^^9^ /F'' '^-^r^'h&tki m ^i^yi:o':) < > y r M rijl rifiq dnhl g n w j i ! ' ? nAi = "^^^^°^ + n c u ( N ) + " H = 0,04 m o l - > mzn = 2,6 g a m | ' '• " xet: Z n tac d u n g v o i chat o x i hoa la A g % Cu^^ v a jb Bao toan electron: 2nz„ = In 15,, j , , - inW m M i i X :! ub ' man ;, D 3,90 D a p a n A > Mg^z > N2; (Zn) Lai gidi: ^d^twriT - - ^ ^ = ,C>MM^ = 65 B.1,30 + H2SO4 'e,!+ eori ixoffed: ^,(1 ^„ „ A 2,60 Zn Lodgidi: >^J.:, -'[^-^t,^'" tricuamla: + Cu(NOa)2 M ^ u i ; hiuaf^ a u j + 2Ag 0,01 ^ J-MJ 19: Cho m g a m Z n vao 100 m l d u n g d i c h g o m Cu(N03)2 0,1M va A g N O a Zn \' > M(NOa)2 -» = ^ m u o i k h a n Gia t r i ciia m la C 22,20 , , .0 ihA-:> ,(§.'•/ u&A fBr!:> rifiedl < j , ^ ^ ^^^^^ , , , ; , 2AgNOa + 2AgN03 • ' i8n + 0,01 < - Zn B 21,52 D Zn^,^^^^ A g N O a p h a n u n g he't.i-ii > nAgivjo3 k h i N2 t i n h khiet (dktc) Co can d u n g d i c h sau p h a n l i n g t h u dugc m gam A 20,71 C Fe ^-^^^^^ ^ tac d y n g v o i d u n g d i c h H2SO4 (loang, d u ) , t h u d u g c 0,448 l i t k h i (dktc) Gia n^,^_ = 0,12 m o l ; n^ o_ = 0,06 m o l NO3 ' so] ' P h u o n g t r i n h i o n n i t gon: j^ 0,2M Sau k h i cac p h a n u n g xay hoan toan, t h u du(?c chat r a n X Cho X = nHNOa + 2nH2S04 = 0,12 + 2.0,06 = 0,24 m o l T r o n g X: — M Mol: _ , „f , ; ' : f t f i | •• B C u Phan u n g hoa hoc: gidi: •• 0,1 m o i ' x ^ i ^ \ Lai gidi: ^ ,Rb^.r«i*ir>ofm^, N^jflM xet: T r o n g cac d a p an, k i m loai c6 k h o i l u g n g m o l I o n nhat la Z n - > tjii g o m H N O a 1,2M v a H S O 0,6M Sau k h i cac p h a n u n g xay hoan toan, C 1,792 f d u n g d i c h A g N 0,1M cho den k h i p h a n u n g hoan toan t h u d u g c chat ran X va d u n g d i c h Y chua 1,89 g a m m u o i K i m loai M la V i dv 16: Cho 6,4 g a m bpt C u tac d y n g v o i 100ml d u n g d i c h X h o n hop B 1,008 • Vx dv 18: N h i i n g m o t la k i m loai M (hoa t r i 2) c6 k h o i l u g i i g g a m vao 200 m l ^DapanC rlrrA.1,344, YACJ NH4NO3 muoi > ^jJioyif, (do H2SO4 phan li) va N O (do KNOa p h a n l i ) nen c6 t i n h chat + 8H* + 2NO3 = 0,14.142 + 0,01.80 = 21,52 gam »DapanB g i o h g H N O loang —> hoa tan d u o c C u theo p h u o n g t r i n h : 3Cu + mNH4N03 lieu y: Cac k i m loai M g , A l , Z n c6 the tac d u n g v o i H N O a l o a n g tao H2SO4 loang, t r o n g d u n g dich c6 chua K N O + mMg(N03)2 ' '^^^^^' iJ * • + + n ^ 2+ + ln„+ = 0,02 + 0,02 + 0,04 = 0,08 nzn= 0,04 m o l mzn= 2,6 g a m - > D a p a n A yfcgmib :»6i W^'' '' ' 181 [Ml111 MTV UVVM Khang Vi$t Ca'm nang 6n luyQn thi djii hpc 18 chuy6n dg Hoa hpc - Nguyen Van Hk\ D A Y D I E N H O A C U A K I M L O A I a D a y d i f n hoa ,, , K Na •••• Mg 2H^^ H2 C u ^ % _Fe^^ Cu Fe^"" Al Ag , , „ ^ , Zn Fe Ni ^ Sn ^ Pb ^ + Chieu ciid phan ung oxi hoa-khu: Phan ung oxi hoa-khu dien theo chieu tao chat khu va chat oxi hoa yeu hon + Do vay, day di^n hoa, chat khu cua cap dung trudc se tac dung duoc voi chat oxi hoa ciia cap dung sau IT^ > Fe^^ >^ Fe^^ + ZFe^* Phuang trinh phan tii: ^"^