WHO: Là đại từ quan hệ chỉ người, dùng để thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người, làm chủ ngữ hay tân ngữ cho mệnh đề quan hệ.. WHOM: Là đại từ quan hệ chỉ người, dùng để thay thế cho danh từ ch
Trang 1BÀI 3 RELATIVE CLAUSES - MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ
I Relative pronouns:
Subject Object Possessive
For persons who whom/who whose
that that For things which which whose/of
which that that
1 WHO: Là đại từ quan hệ chỉ người, dùng để thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người,
làm chủ ngữ hay tân ngữ cho mệnh đề quan hệ
e.g The man who told you I was out met me in the park
The person who you wanted to see died days ago
This is the lady who helped my mom That’s the one who we need
to contact
2 WHOM: Là đại từ quan hệ chỉ người, dùng để thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người,
làm tân ngữ cho mệnh đề quan hệ
e.g That’s the one whom we need to contact The person whom you wanted to see died days ago
The one to whom he wanted to talk was out
Mr Ba, from whom we got news, was escaped yesterday
3 WHOSE: Là tính từ quan hệ chỉ người, dùng để thay thế cho tính từ sở hữu,
kết hợp với một danh từ, làm chủ ngữ hay tân ngữ cho mệnh đề quan hệ
e.g This is the lady whose son cheated me
The country whose people were struggling against floods announced the situation of disasters yesterday
4 WHICH: Là đại từ quan hệ chỉ vật, dùng để thay thế cho danh từ chỉ vật, làm
chủ ngữ hay tân ngữ của mệnh đề quan hệ
e.g The book which you liked was sold This is the bike which is my birthday present
The house, which was on fire, was built long ago
5 THAT: Là đại từ quan hệ thay thế, dùng để thay thế cho các đại từ quan hệ
như WHO, WHICH, làm chủ ngữ hay tân ngữ cho mệnh đề quan hệ, ngoài ra còn được sử dụng trong câu chẻ
e.g The book that you liked was sold The one that told you I was out met me
in the park
This is the bike that I want to buy The person that you wanted to see died days ago
6 WHEN: Là trạng từ quan hệ chỉ thời gian, sử dụng trong mệnh đề quan hệ
trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian
e.g The day when she left was rainy The time when we reunite is uncertain
7 WHERE: Là trạng từ quan hệ chỉ nơi chốn, sử dụng trong mệnh đề quan hệ
trạng ngữ chỉ nơi chốn
e.g This is the house where he lived in his childhood
The place where we play football is a football ground
8 WHY: Là trạng từ quan hệ chỉ lí do, nguyên nhân, sử dụng trong mệnh đề
quan hệ trạng ngữ chỉ nguyên nhân
e.g The reason why she left was unknown That’s why we are worrying now
II Relative clauses:
Trang 21 Defining clauses (Restrictive Relative Clauses): Đây là loại mệnh đề quan
hệ xác định và cần thiết có mặt để câu có nghĩa, nếu không có nó câu không đảm bảo về ngữ nghĩa (Chủ từ chưa được xác định)
e.g The man who keeps the library is Mr Green (The man is Mr Green thì rõ,
nhưng The man keeps the library thì không rõ là ai) That is the book that I like best (là cuốn mà tôi thích trong vô vàn cuốn
sách)
2 Non-defining clauses (Non- Restrictive Relative Clauses): Đây là loại mệnh
đề không cần thiết có mặt mà câu vẫn có nghĩa, nếu không có nó câu vẫn đảm bảo về ngữ nghĩa vì tiền ngữ (chủ từ) đã xác định Loại mệnh đề này thường cách mệnh đề chính bằng các dấu phảy, hoặc thường có các tính từ hay đại từ
chỉ định hay sở hữu như: this, that, these, those, his, my,…
e.g That man, whom you saw yesterday, is Mr Pike
This is Mrs Jones, who helped me last week
Mary, whose sister I know, has won an Oscar
III Reduced clauses: Mệnh đề rút gọn
1 Present Participle Phrases: (V-ING phrases replace relative clauses) Có
thể dùng một ngữ danh động từ V-ING để thay thế cho mệnh đề quan hệ nếu động từ chính của mệnh đề đó ở thể chủ động
e.g The man who is sitting next to you is Mr Mike → The man sitting next to you is Mr Pike
Do you know the boy who broke the window yesterday?
→ Do you know the boy breaking the window yesterday?
2 Past Participle Phrases: (V-ED phrases replace relative clauses) Có thể
dùng một ngữ tính từ V-ED để thay thế cho mệnh đề quan hệ nếu động từ chính của mệnh đề đó ở thể bị động
e.g The man who was arrested by the police is Mr Mike
→ The man arrested by the police is Mr Pike
Do you know the boy who was punished by the headmaster yesterday?
→ Do you know the boy punished by the headmaster yesterday?
3 Infinitive Phrases: (to V phrases replace relative clauses) Có thể dùng một
ngữ động từ to infinitives để thay thế cho mệnh đề quan hệ trong trường hợp
mệnh đề có chứa các từ FIRST, SECOND, THIRD, LAST, ONLY có thể dùng với cấu trúc “for O + to V”, hoặc một số mệnh đề mang tính ràng buộc nhiệm vụ… e.g English is an important language which we have to master
→ English is an important language to master/ for us to master
He is the only one who knows the answer → He is the only one to know the answer
4 Noun Phrases: (Noun phrases replace relative clauses) Có thể dùng một
hoặc một cụm danh từ để thay thế cho mệnh đề quan hệ nếu mệnh đề đó mang ngữ danh từ (thường chỉ nghề nghiệp)
e.g Mr Ba, who is our new form teacher, is a good teacher
→ Mr Ba, our new form teacher, is a good teacher
The man who is the new manager of the office is still young
→ The man - the new manager of the office - is still very young
5 Adjectival Phrases: (Adjectival phrases replace relative clauses) Có thể
dùng một hoặc một cụm tính từ để thay thế cho mệnh đề quan hệ
e.g The streets which are crowded with population have no interest in
learning
Trang 3→ The streets crowded with population have no interest in learning.
The jobs which are easy to get are not always well-paid
→ The jobs easy to get are not always well-paid
IV Cleft sentences: Câu chẻ là hình thức đặc biệt của câu phức sử dụng các mệnh
đề quan hệ để nhấn mạnh tới các thành tố của câu như chủ ngữ, tân ngữ, hay trạng ngữ Dưới đây là ba hình thức câu chẻ điển hình:
1 Subject focus: Nhấn mạnh tới chủ ngữ, chủ thể của hành động hoặc đối
tượng được đề cập
S - V → It be S that/ who V
e.g Nam helped me a lot → It was Nam who helped me a lot
The book tells us a romantic story → It is the book that tells us a romantic story
He showed me the way here → It was he who showed me the way here
2 Object focus: Nhấn mạnh tới tân ngữ, chủ thể nhận hay chịu tác động của
hành động
S - V - O → It be O that - S - V
e.g She bought the dictionary → It was the dictionary that she bought
We saw Mai at the party → It was Mai that we saw at the party
3 Adverbials focus: Nhấn mạnh tới trạng ngữ, đề cập tới thời gian, nơi chốn,
cách thức, phương pháp của hành vi
S - V - A → It be A that S - V
e.g We first met in this park → It was in this park that we first met
She left on a rainy day → It was on a rainy day that she left
BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH
Exercise 1 Fill in each gap with a suitable relative pronoun: which, that, whose, whom,
who, where, when, why, or which.
1 Here is the beach is the safest for swimmers
2 Mr Bike will buy the house _ is opposite to my house
3 I’ve ever read the book Huong gave me yesterday
4 The man I saw last weekend said something totally different
5 The town we are living is noisy and crowded
6 Sunday is the day we usually go fishing on
7 Sunday is the day we usually go fishing
8 The boy sister is in my class can speak Japanese and Korean languages
9 The dictionary _ is on the table belongs to Long
10 He wore a hat made him look like a cowboy
11 The year we came to live here was 1975
12 I wish to see the factory your father used to work
13 Mr David, son studies with us, has never been to Vietnam
14 A bricklayer is a person builds houses
15 We’re going to London, is famous for Big Ben
16 This house, Pele used to live, is being made into a museum
17 That’s the house I was born in
18 The student did this exercise might be very intelligent
19 Peter couldn’t come to the party last night, was really a pity
20 Ly Duc, won 2 gold medals at the Games, comes from Vietnam
Trang 4Exercise 2 Fill in each gap with a suitable relative pronoun: which, that, whose, whom,
who, where, when, why, or which.
1 Stop him He’s the man stole my wallet
2 Mr David, _comes from England, has never been to Vietnam
3 I’m staying with the boy brother looks very handsome
4 He talked about the books and writers made us bored
5 The city I lived as a child has been pulled down now
6 Henry, you’ll meet tomorrow, is also a member of the board
7 Can you answer the questions I ask you?
8 The lady son went on a picnic with us last weekend is a teacher at our school
9 The woman book I borrowed is very generous
10 He is the only friend I like
11 He can’t swim, makes me surprised
12 We are visiting Ha Long, is in the north of Viet Nam
13 This is the place the battle took place 40 years ago
14 The town we are living in is noisy
15 They have invented a television set is small as a watch
16 We visited children parents are dead
17 I’m talking about Tom, is really friendly
18 I’ll never forget the day I first met her
19 This is the hotel we stayed last summer
20 Tell me the reason you have cancelled the tour
Exercise 3 Replace the relative clause in each of the following sentences by a suitable
phrase using the –ing, -ed, or to infinitive form.
1 Neil Armstrong was the first man who walked on the moon
→
2 I come from a city that is located in the southern part of the country
→
3 The children who attend that school receive a good education
→
4 The scientists who are researching the causes of cancer are making progress
→
5 They live in a house that was built in 1980
→
6 We have an apartment which overlooks the park
→
7 Yuri Gagarin became the first man who flew into space
→
8 We stood on the bridge which connects the two halves of the building
→
9 I come from a city which is located in the southern part of the country
→
10 The vegetables which are sold in this supermarket are grown without chemicals
→
11 Do you know the woman who is coming toward us?
→ ?
12 The people who were waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet
→
13 I come from a city that is located in the southern part of the country
Trang 5→ .
14 They live in a house that was built in 1890
→
15 He was the first man who left the burning building
→
16 The couple who live in the house next door are both college professors
→
17 The people who are waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet
→
18 The students who did not come to the class yesterday explain their absence to the teacher
→
19 Did you get the message which concerned the special meeting?
→ ?
20 Lan is the second student who entered the classroom this morning
→
Exercise 4 Choose one word or phrase marked A, B, C, or D that best complete the
preceding sentence.
1 Mr Pike, is our boss ,has just come back from Paris
A who B whom C which D that
2 The botanists are examining the plants were brought from Africa
A who B whom C which D that
3 Do you know the hotel ?
A at which she is staying B where she is staying C she is staying at D all are correct
4 That is the new teacher about the students are talking
A that B who C whose D whom
5 This subject going to discuss, is very important
A which we are B which are we C that we are D A and
C are correct
6 The scientist invention was a success became famous
A who B whose C which D that
7 I knew some people
A who could help you B whom could help you
C whose help could you D could help you
8 That is the dress
A which made by Mary B which making by Mary
C was made by Mary D made by Mary
9 The bicycle is very modern
A I told you about which B which about I told you
C about I told you which D about which I told you
10 Many diseases are no longer dangerous today
A why people died of year ago B which people died years ago
C of that people died years ago D that people died of years ago
11 Have you made a decision on the day ?
A which you will set off B when you will set off
B at which you will set off D where you will set off
Trang 612 The road is shaded with trees.
A on which we go to school every day C from which we go to school every day
B at which we go to school every day D where we go to school every day
13 I’m standing at the window
A in which I can see the lake B where I can see the lake
C at which I can see the lake D from which I can see the lake
14 I’ll show you the second hand bookshop
A when you can find valuable old books B why you can find valuable old books
C where you can find valuable old books D which you can find valuable old books
15 Lan’s marriage has been arranged by her family She is marrying a man
A that she hardly knows him B whom she hardly knows him
C she hardly knows D she hardly knows him
16 I come from the Seattle area, many successful companies such as Microsoft and Boeing are located
A which B that C where D whom
17 They have just visited the town location was little known
A where B whose C which D that
18 one of the most creative artists in rock ‘n roll, came from California
A Frank Zappa, who was B Frank Zappa was
C Frank Zappa, that was D Frank Zappa whom was
19 He came to the party wearing only a pair of shorts and a T-shirt, was a stupid thing to do
A who B whom C which D that
20 He lives in a small town
A where is called Taunton B which is called Taunton
C is called Taunton D that called Taunton
Exercise 5 Choose one word or phrase marked A, B, C, or D that best complete the
preceding sentence.
1 The house is more than 100 years old
A where I live B in where I live C in that I live D where I live in
2 want to get a good job have to have certain qualifications and
experience
A Who B Those which C Those who D Those whom
3 Wild fires are common is the forest areas of Australia, of the US and Canada, the climate is moist
A in where B in that C where D which
4 King Henry, was Elizabeth I, led England into the Age of Empire
A daughter B whom daughter C which daughter D whose daughter
5 Frank invited Janet, , to the party
A met in Japan B meeting in Japan
Trang 7C whom he had met in Japan D that he had met in Japan
6 The singer, most recent recording has had much success, is signing
autographs
A whose B that C who D whom
7 He likes shopping between 1.00 and 3.00 pm, most people are at home
A when B where C in which D at that
8 Linda, to _ many of her students are writing, is living happily and peacefully in Canada
A who B whom C that D whose
9 The fishermen and their boats were off the coast three days ago have just been reported to be missing
A which B that C who D whom
10 The banker to I gave my check was quite friendly
A who B that C whom D which
11 Birds make nests in trees they can hide their young in the leaves and branches
A which B where C that D in that
12 He lent me yesterday
A the book I need B the book when I need
C which book I need D the book whose I need
13 cheat on the exam have to leave the room
A Those B Who C Those whom D Those who
14 really a fish, has no brain, no bones, and no face
A A jelly fish is not B A jelly fish, it is not
C A jelly fish, which is not D A jelly fish, that is not
15 Ann had been sleeping in the back of the car She felt quite fresh and wanted to go
on
A Ann, that felt quite fresh and wanted to go on, had been sleeping in the back
of the car
B Ann, who felt quite fresh and wanted to go on, had been sleeping in the back
of the car
C Ann, felt quite fresh and wanted to go on, had been sleeping in the back of the car
D Ann, whom felt quite fresh and wanted to go on, had been sleeping in the back of the car
16 She was dancing with a student a slight limp
A who had B with whom had C with that have D by whom had
17 My father works for a construction company in
A Winchester, which is a city in the U.K B Winchester that is a city in the U.K
C Winchester is a city in the U.K D Winchester where is a city in the U.K
18 I saw a lot of new people at the party, seemed familiar
A some of whom B some of who C whom D some of that
19 My friend eventually decided to quit her job, upset me a lot
A that B when C which D who
20 He is the man car was stolen last week
Trang 8A whom B that C which D whose
Exercise 6 Choose one word or phrase marked A, B, C, or D that best complete the
preceding sentence.
1 The problem has been discussed in class
A that are very interested in B which are very interested
C which we are very interested in D are very interested
2 They have just found the couple and their car were swept away during the heavy storm last week
A that B which C whose D when
3 It was the worst winter anyone could remember
A when B which C where D why
4 I would like to know the reason he decided to quit the job
A why B which C that D when
5 instructed me how to make a good preparation for a job interview
A John Robbins to that I spoke by telephone,
B John Robbins, that I spoke to by telephone,
C John Robbins I spoke to by telephone,
D John Robbins, whom I spoke to by telephone,
6 He was always coming up with new ideas, were absolutely impracticable
A most of whom B that C most of which D most of that
7 She always had wanted to go to places she could speak her native
tongue
A that B in that C which D where
8 February is the month many of my colleagues take skiing holidays
A when B that C in that D which
9 There was no one
A I could ask for help B when I could ask for help
C I could ask whom for help D for that I could ask for help
10 The children were quite attracted by the tamer and his animals were performing on the stage
A that B which C whom D who
11 Is there anything else you want to ask?
A what B where C whom D that
12 The man 15 minutes measuring our kitchen is very kind
A whom spent B that spent C spending D B and C are
correct
13 to the city designed these flats
A Architect who has moved B The architect who have moved
C The architect having moved D The architect whom having moved
14 Tom, tired, had been driving all day
A that was B whom was C of whom he was D being
15 I am looking after some children.
A terribly spoilt B being terribly spoilt
C of whom are terribly spoilt D are terribly spoilt
16 David, you all know, is going to talk about careers
17 Do you see my pen? I have just written the lesson with it
Trang 9A Do you see my pen I have just written the lesson with which?
B Do you see my pen with which I have just written the lesson it?
C Do you see my pen which I have just written the lesson with it?
D Do you see my pen which I have just written the lesson with?
18 The film is about a spy His wife betrays him
A The film is about a spy by whom his wife is betrayed
B The film is about a spy betraying his wife
C The film is about a spy who betrays his wife
D The film is about a spy betrayed by his wife
19 He took me to an expensive restaurant _ we enjoyed a good meal
A where B which C when D that
20 The young man is very kind to my family
A to live next door B he lives next door C living next door D lived next door
Exercise 7: Find the ONE among the underlined and marked A, B, C, D in each of the
following sentences that needs correcting:
1 We will go to see the film “Titanic” if the weather is fine or not
A B C D
2 Had he planned on going, he will have let us know
A B C D
3 If you hadn’t left the car unlocked, it wouldn’t have be stolen
A B C D
4 On the way home, we saw a lot of men, women, and dogs which were playing in the park
A B C D
5 Both Mr and Mrs Smith are explaining the children the rules of the game.
A B C D
6 You can enjoy a sport without joining in a club or belonging to a team
A B C D
7 Unlike many writings of her time, she was not preoccupied with morality.
A B C D
8 The man whom remained in the office was the manager
A B C D
9 This novel, which written by a well-known writer, should be read
A B C D
10 My friend George, that arrived late, was not permitted to enter the class
A B C D
11 The tongue is the principle organ of taste, and is crucial for chewing, swallowed,
and speaking
A B C D
12 If Monique had not attended the party, she never would meet her old friend Dan,
whom she had not seen in years A
B C D
13 A smaller percentage of British students go on to farther or higher education than
any other European country A B C D
Trang 1014 The proposal has repealed after a thirty-minutes discussion and a number of
objections to its failure to include our district A B
C D
15 This is the only place which we can obtain scientific information
A B C D
16 Chemistry is one branch of science on that most of the industries depend
A B C D
17 1975 is the year in when the revolution took place
A B C D
18 Mr Brown, that teaches me English, is coming today
A B C D
19 Jim is very goodness with his hands
A B C D
20 A galaxy, where may include billions of stars, is held together by gravitation
attraction
A B C D
Exercise 8: Find the ONE among the underlined and marked A, B, C, D in each of the
following sentences that needs correcting:
1 The hotel where we stay in last year was excellent
A B C D
2 At last they found the woman and her cat which were badly injured by the fire
A B C D
3 They have told me some information most of whom is very useful
A B C D
4 New Year day is the day where all my family members gather and enjoy it together
A B C D
5 The little boy was lost and spoke in an afraid voice
A B C D
6 Both sides have at last agreed with a United Nations plan to end the fighting
A B C D
7 Pupils sometimes suffer in a test when the questions are written in a language which is not his mother tongue A B
C D
8 The country’s chief exports is oil and gas
A B C D
9 Do you know the reason when English men travel to the left?
A B C D
10 The car who I bought used to be my father’s
A B C D
11 Alan said that it was she which had stolen his suitcase
A B C D
12 Stratford is the town there William Shakespeare, a great English playwright was born and died
A B
C D
13 I really don’t know the reason on which Sam was sacked
A B C D