CHUYÊN ĐỀ TỰ HỌC MÔN TIẾNG ANH (theo tham chiếu Châu Âu bậc) SUBJUNCTIVES 2016 BÀI SUBJUNCTIVE CLAUSES - MỆNH ĐỀ GIẢ ĐỊNH I The use of “as if/ as though”: (như thể là, là) mệnh đề giả định với as if/ as though thường chia làm hai loại cụ thể đây: The present sense: Nếu động từ mệnh đề dẫn chia (simple present), động từ mệnh đề giả định chia khứ đơn (simple past), động từ to be chia were với chủ ngữ S - V(simple present) - as if/ as though - S V(simple past) e.g The old lady dresses as if it were winter even in the summer (It is not winter.) khứ Angelique walks as though she studied modelling (She didn’t study modelling) khứ He acts as though he were rich (He is not rich) khứ The past sense: Nếu động từ mệnh đề dẫn chia khứ (simple past), động từ mệnh đề giả định chia khứ hoàn thành (past perfect) S - V(simple past) - as if/ as though - S - V(past perfect) e.g Betty talked about the contest as if she had won the grand prize past simple past perfect (She didn’t win the grand prize.) Jeff looked as if he had seen a ghost (She didn’t see a ghost.) past simple past perfect He looked as though he had run ten miles (He didn’t run ten miles.) past simple past perfect Cả hai trường hợp giả định diễn tả điều diễn mà đơn giản giả định II The use of wish and hope: Hope: mong muốn, hi vọng – Các hành động theo sau hope diễn ra: e.g I hope that they will come (I don’t know if they are coming) (Tôi hi vọng họ tới) We hope that they came yesterday (We don’t know if they came) (Tôi hi vọng họ tới) Wish: Mong muốn, ước muốn Các hành động chưa, diễn a Wish somebody something = chúc điều đó: e.g I wish him a happy birthday We wish you a merry Christmas and a happy new year b Wish to infinitive = mong muốn làm điều đó: e.g I wish to have a happy birthday We wish to become doctors c Mong muốn làm điều diễn tương lai: S - wish - (that) - S* - could/ would/ -V Đỗ Bình – THPT Liễn Sơn, Lập Thạch, Vĩnh Phúc – www.violet.vn/quocbinh72 Trang 1/SUBJUNCTIVES CHUYÊN ĐỀ TỰ HỌC MÔN TIẾNG ANH (theo tham chiếu Châu Âu bậc) SUBJUNCTIVES 2016 Subject*: chủ thể, người khác Eg We wish that you could come to the party tonight (You can’t come) I wish that you would stop saying that (You probably won’t stop) She wish that she were coming with us (She is not coming with us) d Mong muốn điều không diễn tại: S - wish - (that) - S* - V(simple past) S - wished - (that) - S* - V(past perfect) Eg I wish that I had enough time to finish my homework (I don’t have enough time) We wish that he were old enough to come with us (He is not old enough) They wish that they didn’t have to go to class today (They have to go to class) Subject*: chủ thể, người khác e Mong muốn điều không diễn khứ: S - wish - (that) - S - V(past perfect) S - wished - (that) - S* - V(past perfect)/could have - P2 e.g I wish that I had washed the clothes yesterday (I didn’t wash the clothes yesterday) She wish that she could have been there (She couldn’t be there) We wish that we had had more time last night (We didn’t have more time) III Subjunctive cases with certain verbs, adjectives and nouns: Hình thức giả định với số động từ, tính từ, danh từ: For certain verbs: Một số động từ theo sau mệnh đề giả định (không có hòa hợp chủ ngữ động từ) thực theo công thức: S – V – that – S – V(bare infinitive) Gồm danh từ như: advise demand prefer require ask insist propose stipulat comman move recommen e d order d suggest decree request urge e.g We urge that he leave now (other form: We urge him to leave now) She asked that the man be punished The judge insisted that the jury return a verdict immediately The university requires that all its students take this course The doctor suggested that his patient stop smoking Congress has decreed that the gasoline tax be abolished We proposed that he take a vacation I move that we adjourn until this afternoon Remember: sometimes should would be use in the indefinite clause after that as a suggestion or advice – Cần lưu ý nhiều tiếng Anh-Anh (Bristish English) người ta dùng should với mệnh đề không xác định sau “that” lời khuyên hay gợi ý sau: e.g We urge that he leave now → We urge that he should leave now Đỗ Bình – THPT Liễn Sơn, Lập Thạch, Vĩnh Phúc – www.violet.vn/quocbinh72 Trang 2/SUBJUNCTIVES CHUYÊN ĐỀ TỰ HỌC MÔN TIẾNG ANH (theo tham chiếu Châu Âu bậc) SUBJUNCTIVES 2016 She asked that the man be punished → She asked that the man should be punished The judge insisted that the jury return a verdict immediately → The judge insisted that the jury should return a verdict immediately The university requires that all its students take this course → The university requires that all its students should take this course The doctor suggested that his patient stop smoking → The doctor suggested that his patient should stop smoking Congress has decreed that the gasoline tax be abolished → Congress has decreed that the gasoline tax should be abolished For certain adjectives: Một số tính từ theo sau mệnh đề giả định (không có hòa hợp chủ ngữ động từ) thực theo công thức: Gồm động từ như:S – V – adjectives – that – S – V(bare infinitive) advised necessary recommend urgent important obligator ed imperative mandatory y required proposed suggested e.g It is necessary that he find the books It was urgent that she leave at once It has been proposed that we change the topic It is important that you remember this question It has been suggested that he forget the election It was recommended that we wait for the authorities For certain nouns: Một số tính từ theo sau mệnh đề giả định (không có hòa hợp chủ ngữ động từ) thực theo công thức: It - be - noun - that - S - V(bare infinitive) (any tense) e.g It is a recommendation from a doctor that the patient stop smoking It was a necessity that you be ontime next time For other cases: câu giả định dùng câu cảm thán, với lực siêu nhiên,đức tin như: e.g God save the queen! God be with you! = good bye (khi chia tay nhau) Curse this frog! - Hoặc: Come what may: dù có chuyện e.g Come what may we will stand by you - Hoặc: If need be: cần e.g If need be we can take another road - Hoặc: if this be: giả định mà người nói chắn e.g If this be proven right, you would be considered innocent IV Subjunctive cases with “It is time”: Dạng giả định với “It is time” thực theo công thức sau: It is time It is high time V(simple past) S– Đỗ Bình – THPT Liễn Sơn, Lập Thạch, Vĩnh Phúc – www.violet.vn/quocbinh72 Trang 3/SUBJUNCTIVES CHUYÊN ĐỀ TỰ HỌC MÔN TIẾNG ANH (theo tham chiếu Châu Âu bậc) SUBJUNCTIVES 2016 e.g It is time we got everything ready for the start (In fact, we don’t get things ready) It is about time the train arrived (In fact, the train doesn’t arrive) It is high time the results of the test were announced (In fact, they aren’t announced) Note: Chú ý cấu trúc sau giả định: It is time It is high time infinitives for O – to e.g It is time for us to get everything ready for the start (In fact, we have to get things ready now) It is about time for the train to arrive (In fact, the train is arriving) It is high time for the results of the test to be announced (In fact, they are going to be announced) V Subjunctive cases with conditional sentences: Các câu điều kiện loai (unreal present), loại (unreal past) sử dụng hình thức giả định (xem Bài Conditional sentences - phần IV Phrases vs Clauses) BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH Exercise Complete each of the following sentences with the right forms of the verbs shown in brackets He suggested that I _ ready by eight o'clock (to be) We request that she _ the window (to open) They demanded that he _ the room (to leave) I will ask that she _ me (to accompany) They recommended that he _ to Bermuda (to fly) The request that we _ ready to leave at six is a nuisance (to be) The recommendation that she _ a holiday was carried out (to take) It is necessary that you _ able to come with us (to be) They asked that we _ standing (to remain) 10 The requirement that he _ work will be hard to meet (to find) 11 It is important that he _ everything he can (to learn) 12 The demand that she _ the report has been carried out (to complete) 13 I wish I _ the answers (not to lose) 14 They wished they _ the appointment (not to forget) 15 He will wish he _ us the book (to show) 16 Will they wish we _ them some food? (to give) 17 We wish it _ yesterday (to snow) 18 She wished she _ the window (not to open) 19 I wished I _ the news (to hear) 20 You wish you _ what to (to know)ðIỀU ƯỚC VÀ CÁC THỂ GIẢ Exercise Complete each of the following sentences with the right forms of the verbs shown in brackets I wish it _ possible to finish the work tonight (to be) Will he wish he _ ready? (to be) Đỗ Bình – THPT Liễn Sơn, Lập Thạch, Vĩnh Phúc – www.violet.vn/quocbinh72 Trang 4/SUBJUNCTIVES CHUYÊN ĐỀ TỰ HỌC MÔN TIẾNG ANH (theo tham chiếu Châu Âu bậc) SUBJUNCTIVES 2016 She wished she _ how to sing (to know) We wish they _ to come with us (to want) You wished you _ better (to feel) They will wish it _ warmer (to be) Does he wish he _ younger? (to be) I wish I _ the subject more interesting (to find) They wished she _ the arrangements (to make) 10 He will wish you _ him (to help) 11 She wishes the mail _ (to come) 12 We wished they _ (to hurry) 13 You will wish the door _ (to open) 14 They wish we _ for them (to wait) 15 I wish you _ to me (to write) 16 Will she wish you _ her? (to join) 17 I wish he _ here now (to be) 18 I wish that you _ here yesterday (to be) 19 We wish you _ tomorrow (to come) 20 You will wish you _ earlier (to leave) Exercise Complete each of the following sentences with the right forms of the verbs shown in brackets If we were hitchhiking, you _ to pick us up? (to stop) If we waited for him, we _ on time (to be) He _ us know if we made a mistake? (to let) I _ to have a party if you were not there (to want) They wished he _ with them the next day (to come) We wish you _ yesterday (to arrive) I wish that he _ us next year (to visit) She wishes that she _ at home now (to be) You wish that he _ you last week (to help) 10 He will always wish he _ rich (to be) 11 The boy wished that he _ the competition the next day (to win) 12 She will wish she _ the arrangements earlier (to make) 13 I wish the weather _ warmer now (to be) 14 We always wished we _ fluent in other languages (to be) 15 They wish he _ them next week (to telephone) 16 Don't _ out late (to stay) 17 Please _ ready on time (to be) 18 Don't _ about that (to worry) 19 _ your own business! (to mind) 20 _ careful not to trip (to be) Exercise 4: Find the ONE among the underlined and marked A, B, C, D in each of the following sentences that needs correcting: Yesterday evening, while I was watching TV, Mai pays me a visit A B C D We went out for a walk after we had our dinner A B C D As soon as the next lecture will end, let’s leave Đỗ Bình – THPT Liễn Sơn, Lập Thạch, Vĩnh Phúc – www.violet.vn/quocbinh72 Trang 5/SUBJUNCTIVES CHUYÊN ĐỀ TỰ HỌC MÔN TIẾNG ANH (theo tham chiếu Châu Âu bậc) SUBJUNCTIVES 2016 A B C D Mr Ba had a daughter who were born in 1950, but who died a few years later A B C D After they were playing cards, someone broke into the house A B C D The lion has long been a symbol of strength, power, and it is very cruel A B C D Nobody had known before the presentation that Sue and her sister will receive the awards for outstanding scholarships A B C D There is a really good explanation of my favorite field in the chapter two of that book A B C D He knows to repair the carburetor without taking the whole car apart A B C D 10 Approximately one-fifth of a worker’s income to pay in taxes and social security AB C D 11 The Green Garden Restaurant uses fresh produce on their dishes, much of which the owners grow in their own garden A B C D 12 A city university professor reported that he discovers a vaccine which could prevent bird flu A B C D 13 Factories discard waste that had polluted air and water, but factories give us jobs A B C D 14 Do you want being woken up tomorrow morning? A B C D 15 That is a new circus which formed in 1992 A B C D 16 It is important that you turned off the heater every morning before you leave for class A B C D 17 The children had such difficult time when they began school in their new neighborhood that their parents decided never to move again A B C D 18 Those who had already purchased tickets were instructed to go to gate first at once A B C D 19 The bridge was hitting by a large ship during a sudden storm last week A B C D 20 The destruction of most of the city of London made by a fire in 1600s A B C D Exercise 5: Find the ONE among the underlined and marked A, B, C, D in each of the following sentences that needs correcting: The teacher got angry with him because he sometimes come to class late Đỗ Bình – THPT Liễn Sơn, Lập Thạch, Vĩnh Phúc – www.violet.vn/quocbinh72 Trang 6/SUBJUNCTIVES CHUYÊN ĐỀ TỰ HỌC MÔN TIẾNG ANH (theo tham chiếu Châu Âu bậc) SUBJUNCTIVES 2016 A B C D Up to now, there had been no woman being chosen the US president A B C D The mother had always took good care of her little son A B C D No matter what different, various music types have one thing in common: touching the hearts of the listeners A B C D The computer software industry is one of the most competitive markets in today’s technological advanced society A B C D An American woman not always shake hands when she is introduced to a man A B C D Peter has been written the composition for hours and he has not finished yet A B C D We were a few minute late so the film was already started when we got to the cinema A B C D By the time the police come, the robber had run away A B C D 10 Almost all the students were confusing because Ms Kelly’s explanation was unclear A B C D 11 Many news story which deal with TV and film personalities are often exaggerated A B C D 12 A secretary told me an important file had left in the lunch room just the other day A B C D 13 Why didn’t Peter go to school? What did happened to him? A B C D 14 I was listening to the radio when the door bell will ring A B C D 15 Why are you so late? I am waiting here for you for more than one hour A B C D 16 Phil never went to bed before he has finished his homework A B C D 17 There are many different ways of comparing the economy of one nation with those of another A B C D 18 A basic knowledge of social studies, such as history and geography, are considered a basic part of the education of every child A B C D 19 So extensive the lakes are that they are viewed as the largest bodies of fresh water in the world A B C D 20 I have learnt English for I was ten years old A B C D Đỗ Bình – THPT Liễn Sơn, Lập Thạch, Vĩnh Phúc – www.violet.vn/quocbinh72 Trang 7/SUBJUNCTIVES CHUYÊN ĐỀ TỰ HỌC MÔN TIẾNG ANH (theo tham chiếu Châu Âu bậc) SUBJUNCTIVES 2016 Exercise 6: Find the ONE among the underlined and marked A, B, C, D in each of the following sentences that needs correcting: Did you say that you will have a lot of things to the following week? A B C D When we arrived at the station, the train has already left A B C D The rings of Saturn are so distant to be seen from the Earth without a telescope A B C D Unless you don't have a quiet room, you will not be able to any work A B C D Did your doctor recommend you that you will stop smoking? A B C D Up to now, there had been no woman being chosen the US president A B C D The neighbors are having a party They are making so much noise since o’clock I can’t sleep A B C D Don’t leave the house until I will get back A B C D With the victory over Germany in the final match, Brazil became the first team won the trophy five times A B C D 10 Because of the long questions, Tom could not hardly finish the test on time A B C D 11 I was walking along the pavement when I realized that there has been a man following me A B C D 12 Human had struggled against weeds since the beginning of agriculture A B C D 13 Mary said that she jogging every morning A B C D 14 At this time next week, Peter was working in London A B C D 15 Never I have seen such a good film before A B C D 16 This fridge is very old to keep things at a proper temperature A B C D 17 A lunch of soup and sandwiches not appeal to all of the students A B C D 18 All the students are looking forward to spending their free time relax in the sun this summer A B C D 19 Before the 1920s, no women will vote in the US A B C D 20 Some students have always complain that they not have enough money to spend Đỗ Bình – THPT Liễn Sơn, Lập Thạch, Vĩnh Phúc – www.violet.vn/quocbinh72 Trang 8/SUBJUNCTIVES CHUYÊN ĐỀ TỰ HỌC MÔN TIẾNG ANH (theo tham chiếu Châu Âu bậc) SUBJUNCTIVES 2016 A B C D Đỗ Bình – THPT Liễn Sơn, Lập Thạch, Vĩnh Phúc – www.violet.vn/quocbinh72 Trang 9/SUBJUNCTIVES