Definition & Formation: Danh động từ là hình thức phái sinh của động từ và thực hiện các chức năng như các danh từ.. Trong khuôn khổ tài liệu này chỉ những chức năng cơ bản có liên quan
Trang 1BÀI 3 GERUNDS - DANH ĐỘNG TỪ
I Definition & Formation: Danh động từ là hình thức phái sinh của động từ và
thực hiện các chức năng như các danh từ Danh động từ được cấu tạo bằng cách
thêm hậu tố -ing vào sau động từ gốc như các ví dụ dưới đây:
3 drive driving 8 mountaine
er mountaineering
5 gamble gambling 10
study studying
II Functions: Danh động từ có hầu hết các chức năng như danh từ Trong khuôn
khổ tài liệu này chỉ những chức năng cơ bản có liên quan đến các mảng kiến thức
ôn tập thi THPT Quốc gia của danh động từ được mô tả và phân tích như sau:
1 Subject (S): Các danh động từ và cụm danh động từ thực hiện chức năng
làm chủ ngữ cho động từ
e.g Fishing is his hobby Getting into the city centre at this time of day isn’t easy.
S Vp S Vp
Studying abroad is a new trend in Vietnam.
S Vp
2 Complement (C): Các danh động từ và cụm danh động từ thực hiện
chức năng làm bổ ngữ cho động từ
e.g Her passion is studying What we really want is escaping from this terrible place.
S V C S V C
Her favorite pastime is fishing.
S V C
3 Compound nouns: Các danh động từ thực hiện chức năng tạo ra các
danh từ ghép như sau:
a Gerund-noun: Ghép một danh động từ với một danh từ để tạo thành một danh từ ghép:
e.g fishing-rod cooking-apple driving license
wrapping paper writing paper cooking oil
Note: A fishing-rod is a rod for fishing A reading lamp is a lamp for reading etc
b Non-gerund: Ghép một danh từ với một danh động từ để tạo thành một danh từ ghép:
e.g fruit-picking sky-diving bush walking
time-counting bodybuilding windsurfing etc
4 Object (O): Các danh động từ và cụm danh động từ thực hiện chức năng làm
tân ngữ cho động từ hoặc giới từ như trình bày dưới đây:
4.1 Direct objects: Follow these certain verbs - Các danh động từ và cụm danh động từ thực hiện chức năng làm tân ngữ trực tiếp cho các động
Trang 21 admit 6 contin
ue 11 finish 16 love 21 practice 26 report
2 apprecia
te 7 delay 12 hate 17 mention 22 prefer 27 resent
3 avoid 8 deny 13
keep 18 mind 23 quit 28 resume
4 begin 9 enjoy 14
like 19 miss 24 recall 29 risk
5 consider 1
0 escape 15 enjoy 20 postpone 25 recollect 30 resist
31 suggest e.g He admitted having stolen the car We finished working
on our projects months ago.
She denied having cheated during exam Children practice speaking English day after day.
4.2 Verb preposition: Các danh động từ và cụm danh động từ thực hiện chức năng làm tân ngữ cho các động từ giới từ dưới đây theo mẫu câu:
1 apologize
for 8. count on 15 go back to 22 meanby 29 return to
2 approve of 9 depend on 16
hesitateabout 23 objectto 30 safe from
3 believe in 1
0 dream of 17 insist on 24 persistin 31 succeed in
4 care for 1
1 end in 18 keep on 25 plan on 32 take to
5 complain
of 12 forgetabout 19 lead to 26 put of 33 thinkabout
6 confess to 1
3 get to 20 long for 27 rely on 34 think of
7 consist of 1
4 give up 21 look forwardto 28 resultin 35 threatenwith
36 worryabout e.g He apologized to me for having broken the vase.
She complained of not having been informed about the meeting.
We gave up working on our projects months ago.
Children succeeded in speaking English day after day.
4.3 Adjective preposition: Các danh động từ và cụm danh động từ thực hiện chức năng làm tân ngữ cho các cụm tính từ giới từ dưới đây theo mẫu câu:
1 absorbed in 1 clever at 31 good at 46 slow in
S – V – pre – V+ing.
S – be – adj – pre –
Trang 36 .
2 accustomed
to 17 conscious of 32 grateful for 47 sorry for
3 afraid of 1
8 contentwith 33 happy in (at) 48 successful in(at)
4 amused at 1
9 delighted at 34 incapable of 49 sure of
5 angry with 2
0 diferentfrom 35 interested in 50 surprised at
6 annoy at 2
1 embarrassed at 36 keen on 51 thankful for
7 ashamed of 2
2 excitedabout 37 nice about 52 tired of
8 aware of 2
3 far from 38 pleased at 53 unaware of
9 bored with 2
4 fed up with 39 proud of 54 unconsciousof 10
busy with 25 fond of 40 responsiblefor 55 upset at
11
capable of 26 fortunate in 41 right in 56 worriedabout
12
carefulabout 27 free from 42 scared at (of) 57 wrong in
13
careful in 28 frightenedof 43 set on
14
careless of 29 furious at 44 sick of
15
certainabout 30 given to 45 skilled in (at)
e.g The little boy was absorbed in playing video games
The police are careful in investigating the case
He is incapable of running such a big firm like that
They are tired of waiting for the entrance exam results
We were worried about travelling so far away from the head-quarter
4.4 Idiom phrases: (phrases of words that have literal meanings) : Các danh động từ và cụm danh động từ theo sau các ngữ cố định sau:
• can’t bear e.g He can’t bear staying at home all day
• can’t face e.g The lady can’t face meeting her ex-husband very often
• can’t stand e.g I can’t stand seeing him in this situation
• can’t help e.g We couldn’t help weeping when we reunited yesterday
• feel like… e.g I felt like going out right after he enter
• It’s no use e.g It’s no use explaining to such a mischievous boy
• It’s (not) worth… e.g It’s not worth buying a second hand phone like that
• There’s no point in… e.g There’s no point in quarreling as we have another ways
4.5 Adjectives: Các danh động từ và cụm danh động từ theo sau các tính từ sau:
Trang 41 amusing 3
difficult 5 great 7. lovely 9. of 11 strange
2 comforta
ble 4 easy 6 hopeless 8. nice 10 pleasant 12 useless
13 wonderful e.g It’s amusing spending time with you here
It’s hopeless waiting for an unpunctual person like him
It’s useless staying out waiting for the postman
4.6 Noun preposition: Các danh động từ và cụm danh động từ theo sau các cụm danh từ giới từ sau:
1 choice of 3 intention of 5 possibility of 2
excuse for 4 method for 6 reason for e.g He has a choice of studying abroad
They have no intention of selling their car
He gave no reason for being late
4.7 Complement of objects: Follow these below verbs - Các danh động từ và cụm danh động từ theo sau các tân ngữ của các động từ sau:
1 call 5 find 9. keep 13 send 2
catch 6 get 10 leave 14 set 3
discover 7 hear 11 notice 15 stop 4
feel 8 imagine 12 see 16 watch e.g He catches the boy climbing over the wall They saw an old man crossing the street
We watched the ants fighting
4.8 Subjunctive subject “it” or noun phrases;
- Find/ found + it + V-ING:
e.g He found the film annoying They find the long walk tiring.
- When/ on /while / as + V-ING:
e.g When opening the case, he found his lost notebook
On reading the letter, she burst into tears
While cleaning the room, she found a diamond ring
5 Special verbs: Một số động từ đặc biệt mà theo sau có thể là gerunds, hoặc
infinitives, cụ thể như dưới đây:
5.1 stop: mang hai nghĩa khác nhau khi theo sau các cấu trúc khác nhau như
sau:
a stop + to infinitives (= stop this work to start the other work)
Dừng một việc để thực hiện việc khác
e.g He stops to smoke (He stops his work and starts smoking)
We stopped to rest (We didn’t work anymore, and we rested)
b stop + gerunds (= to give up a habit ) Từ bỏ một điều gì đó
e.g He stops smoking (He no longer smokes) They stopped fighting (They gave up fighting)
Trang 55.2 try: mang hai nghĩa khác nhau khi theo sau các cấu trúc khác nhau như
sau:
a try + to infinitives (= manage successfully to do) Cố gắng làm gì đó
e.g He tried to lift the case (He managed to lift the case and succeeded)
He tried to work hard (He did with all his capability)
b try + gerunds (= to experience) Thử làm gì đó
e.g He tried lifting the case (He wanted to know whether he could lift it)
He tried smoking (He wanted to know how he was when he smoked)
5.3 remember: mang hai nghĩa khác nhau khi theo sau các cấu trúc khác nhau
như sau:
a remember + to infinitives (= to make oneself aware of a task)
Ghi nhớ để thực hiện nhiệm vụ (luôn nhắc nhở bản thân thực hiện)
e.g He remembered to lock the door (He had to lock the door)
They remembered to buy food (They reminded themselves to do so)
b remember + gerunds (= to assure oneself a fulfilled task)
Nhớ về việc đã làm (bản thân chắc rằng mình đã thực hiện công việc đó)
e.g He remembered locking the door (He was sure that he had locked the door)
He remembered sending an email (He was sure that he had sent)
5.4 forget: mang hai nghĩa khác nhau khi theo sau các cấu trúc khác nhau như
sau:
a forget + to infinitives (= to miss a task) Quên mất một nhiệm vụ
e.g Sam forgot to buy food (Sam didn’t buy food)
He forgot to close the door (He didn’t close the door)
b forget + gerunds (= the fulfilled task is forgotten) Quên một việc đã làm
e.g Sam forgot buying food (He bought food but he didn’t remember)
She forgot refunding my money (She refunded but she fogot that)
5.5 regret: mang hai nghĩa khác nhau khi theo sau các cấu trúc khác nhau như
sau:
a regret + to infinitives (not want to do this task)
Bận tâm/ tiếc khi phải làm (hành động chưa được thực hiện)
e.g Kim regretted to say the truth (He didn’t want to say the truth but he had to)
He regretted to call the police (he didn’t want but he had to)
b regret + gerunds ( the task is done unexpectedly)
Hối tiếc về việc đã làm (hành động đã được thực hiện)
e.g Kim regretted saying the truth (He said and he regretted what he’d done)
He regretted not calling the police (He wished he had called the police)
BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH
Exercise 1 Choose one word or phrase marked A, B, C, or D that best complete the
preceding sentence.
1 I remembered up in that house with my brothers and sisters
A to grow B to growing C grow D
growing
2 They are going to the pool to 1.8 meter
3 Is it possible for us to to the cinema without him?
4 I want you to your best clothes tonight for the party
Trang 6A wore B dress C put on D hung up.
5 She encouraged the job
A to take the job B that Frank should take C Frank to take D to Frank to take
6 I you can swim so well and I can’t
7 Michael made me him next week
A to promise to call B to promise calling C promise to call D promise calling
8 We watched the cat the tree
climbing
9 I wish you stop interrupting me whenever I speak
10 I expect a postcard from my father in England today
A being received B to receive C receiving D
to be receiving
11 The child was told to for being rude to his uncle
A excuse B apologize C forgive D confess
12 If you want your son to do better on his exams, I suggest he harder
A will study B studies C will study D study
13 I am looking for a friendly young person to help my elderly brother while I go out to work during the day
A take after B give care of C put up with D look after
14 the class size is our school’s immediate aim
Reduce
15 The plants need _ before noon
A watering B to water C be watered D being
watered
16 The school required that every student _before September 1st
was registered
17 She resented _ waiting for hours in front of the cinema
A to be kept B keeping C being kept D being
keeping
18 The government has tried to the price of petrol, but they failed
over
19 I'm quite hungry now, aren't you?
growing
20 Our learning and teaching equipment needs if further improvement is to
be achieved
A modernized B to modernize C modernizing D modernize
Trang 7Exercise 2 Choose one word or phrase marked A, B, C, or D that best complete the
preceding sentence.
1 I don’t like when I am not there
A criticizing B being criticized C to criticize D to be criticized
2 Would you mind _ me a hand?
A give B gave C to give D giving
3 _ is a sport in which you move along the surface of the sea or a lake on
a long narrow board with a sail on it
A Water polo B Diving C Windsurfing D Scuba diving
4 Sometimes I do not feel like to my sibling about my troubles
A talk B to talk C talking D talked
5 Their children very much enjoy cartoons
A watch B watching C watched D to watch
6 I regret _ that your application has been unsuccessful
A say B saying C have said D to say
7 The missing man’s family is desperately seeking anyone information about his activities or whereabouts
8 I’ll never forget _ that race What a thrill!
winning
9 The painting was beautiful I stood there _ it for a long time
A for admiring B being admired C admire D admiring
10 I was enjoying my book, but I stopped _ a program on TV
A reading to watch B to read to watch C to read for watching D reading for
to watch
11 - Mike: “Have you ever met the man _ over there?” - Jane: “No Who is he?”
A stands B standing C is standing D who he is standing
12 My brother stopped two years ago
13 Do you mind the cooking?
14 When friends insist on expensive gifts, it makes most people
uncomfortable
A them to accept B they accepting C their accepting D they accept
15 A specific area of biotechnology that shows great promise for treatment and cure
of life- _ diseases
A developing B threatening C hoping D fitting
16 He tried to limit himself to 10 cigarettes a day
A be smoking B have smoked C smoke D smoking
17 The girl said that she was afraid of alone in dark
A being left B left C to be interested D interest
18 When he was questioned by the police, he admitted knowing about the wrongdoing, but denied _ in any way
A to be involved B involving C having involved D being involved
19 Sometimes very young children have trouble _ fact from fiction and may believe that dragons actually exist
Trang 8A to separate B separating C to be separated D for
separating
20 We enjoy _ time together in the evening when the family members gather
in the living-room after a day of working hard
A spending B caring C taking D doing
Exercise 3 Choose one word or phrase marked A, B, C, or D that best complete the
preceding sentence.
1 She hated football matches on T.V and that’s why she scolded her
husband
A watch B watching C watched D to watch
2 Henry should have asked for help instead _ to do it himself
3 Who is the woman talking to Mai? I don’t recall _ her around the office before
A to have seen B seeing C to see D being seen
4 Mr Larry was upset by _ him the truth
A our not having told B us not tell C we didn’t tell D not to tell
5 Do you have an excuse late to class two days in a row?
A for to be B for being C to be D being
6 We considered after work
A to go shop B going shopping C going to shop D to go to shop
7 She is busy _ for his exams
A to study B studied C studying D studies
8 _ is the activity of swimming underwater using special breathing
equipment
A Synchronized swimming B Rowing C Water polo D Scuba
diving
9 When _ a European, we should stick to the last name unless he suggests that
we use his first name
A talking B speaking C discussing D
addressing
10 Before for a position, check whether you can fulfill all the requirements from the employer
A deciding B applying C requiring D demanding
11 There is only one student in the classroom his lesson
A prepared B to prepare C preparation D preparing
12 Industry in the area consisted mostly of food-processing plants and factories consumer goods
A renovating B initiating C developing D producing
13 It's no good your father about your failure
14 _ is a sport in which people or teams race against each other in boats with oars
polo
15 The equipment in our office needs _
A moderner B modernizing C modernized D modernization
16 _ stamps is my hobby
Trang 9A Collect B Collection C Collecting D
Collected
17 Do you know the woman _ over there?
18 We spent a year _ this boat
A to build B building C over building D for building
19 My friend Mary is a blabbermouth! She can’t resist everyone what she heard from me
A tell B to tell C telling D being told
20 , he gained lots of group-work skills
A Having lived abroad for years C Live abroad for years
B In order to live abroad for years D To live abroad for years
Exercise 4: Choose the best answer among the A, B, C, or D provided to finish each
of the incomplete sentences below.
1 We are looking forward _ you again soon
2 My mother was afraid to let the boy _ the tree
A to risk climbing B to risk to climb C risk climbing D risk to climb
3 I remember _ but he said I did not
A to buy him a book B buy him a book C buying him a book D to have bought him a book
4 Remember _ john a present today is his birthday
5 I suggest _ some more mathematical puzzles
6 Would you mind _ the door?
7 You should give up _ or you will die of cancer
A smoke B to smoke C smoking D smoked
8 The driver stopped _ a cofee because he felt sleepy
9 That old man tried to stop _ because of his bad health
10 There is nothing prevent us from _ the mystery of that palace
A discover B discovery C discovering D discoveries
11 I must go now I promise _ late
A not being B not to be C to not be D I won’t be
12 Do you want _ with you or do you want to go alone?
A me coming B me to come C that I will come D that I come
13 I’m sure I locked the door I clearly remember _ it
A locking B to lock C to have locked D to be locked
14 She tried to be serious, but she couldn’t help _
A laughing B to laugh C that she laughed D laugh
15 I like _ the kitchen as often as possible
A not cleaned B clean C to clean D that I clean
16 He tried to avoid _ my question
Trang 10A answering B to answer C answer D how to answer
17 Could you please stop _ so much noise?
A to make B make C to have make D making
18 I enjoy _ to music
A listen B to listen C listening D listened
19 Have you finished _ your hair yet?
A wash B washed C washing D to wash
20 If you walk into the road without looking, you risk _ knocked down
Exercise 5: Choose the best answer among the A, B, C, or D provided to finish each
of the incomplete sentences below.
1 Mr Thomas does not allow people _ in his office
A smoke B to smoke C smoked D smoking
2 We are not allowed _ in that restricted area
A to enter B enter C entering D to entered
3 You had better _ at home until you feel better
4 The machine needs _
A to repair B to be repaired C repairing D B and C are correct
5 I couldn’t help _ when I heard the story
A laughing B to laugh C laughed D laugh
6 Peter usually helps his mother _
A to do housework B do housework C with housework D all are
correct
7 She used that money _ a new car
8 Can you manage to finish _ the report in the morning?
A to write B writing C writing D to write
9 Rex hotel was the best place for us _
A stays B staying C to stay D stay
10 You can’t stop me from _ what I want
11 Janet is 55, but she isn’t going to retired yet She wants to carry on _
A to work B work C works D working
12 Hello! Fancy _ you here! What a surprise!
13 I’ve put of _ the letters so many times I really must do it today
A write B to write C written D writing
14 What a stupid thing to do! Can you imagine anybody _
15 She gave up to find a job in this country and decided to go abroad
A apply B to apply C applying D application
16 Suddenly he stopped the car in order _
A smoke B to smoke C smoking D has smoked
17 I can’t bear _ this dirty room
18 Have you considered _ to live in another country?