Each unit of the Phanerozoic ~542 Ma to Present and the base of Ediacaran are defined by a basal Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point GSSP , whereas Precambrian units are formall
Trang 1Givetian Eifelian
Lochkovian Pragian
Frasnian
Emsian
Ludfordian Gorstian Homerian Sheinwoodian Telychian Aeronian Rhuddanian
h a n e r o z o i c P a l e o z o i c
Pridoli
Ludlow Wenlock
Llandovery
Upper Middle
Lower
411.2 ±2.8 416.0 ±2.8
422.9 ±2.5
428.2 ±2.3
Lopingian
Guadalupian
Cisuralian
Upper
Upper Middle
Middle Lower
Lower
Upper
Upper Middle
Middle Lower
Lower
150.8 ±4.0
~ 155.6 161.2 ±4.0 164.7 ±4.0 167.7 ±3.5 171.6 ±3.0 175.6 ±2.0 183.0 ±1.5 189.6 ±1.5 196.5 ±1.0 199.6 ±0.6 203.6 ±1.5 216.5 ±2.0
~ 228.7 237.0 ±2.0
~ 245.9
~ 249.5 251.0 ±0.4
318.1 ±1.3
260.4 ±0.7 253.8 ±0.7
265.8 ±0.7 268.0 ±0.7 270.6 ±0.7 275.6 ±0.7 284.4 ±0.7 294.6 ±0.8 299.0 ±0.8 303.4 ±0.9 307.2 ±1.0 311.7 ±1.1
Tithonian Kimmeridgian Oxfordian Callovian Bajocian Bathonian
Aalenian Toarcian Pliensbachian Sinemurian Hettangian Rhaetian Norian Carnian Ladinian Anisian
Olenekian
Induan Changhsingian Wuchiapingian Capitanian Wordian Roadian Kungurian Artinskian Sakmarian Asselian Gzhelian Kasimovian Moscovian Bashkirian Serpukhovian Visean Tournaisian
Missis- sippian
359.2 ±2.5 345.3 ±2.1 328.3 ±1.6
374.5 ±2.6 385.3 ±2.6 391.8 ±2.7 397.5 ±2.7 407.0 ±2.8
443.7 ±1.5
436.0 ±1.9 439.0 ±1.8 418.7 ±2.7
Ediacaran Cryogenian Tonian Stenian Ectasian Calymmian Statherian Orosirian Rhyacian Siderian
Neo-proterozoic
Neoarchean Mesoarchean Paleoarchean
Meso-proterozoic
Paleo-proterozoic
~635 850 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2050 2300 2500
2800
3200
3600
4000
~4600
Upper
“Ionian”
Calabrian
Selandian
Tortonian Serravallian Langhian Burdigalian Aquitanian
Ypresian
Chattian Rupelian Priabonian
Danian Thanetian
Bartonian Lutetian
Campanian Santonian Turonian Coniacian
Albian Aptian
Berriasian
Barremian Valanginian Hauterivian
Maastrichtian
Cenomanian
Piacenzian Messinian
Zanclean
Gelasian
1.806
0.126 0.781
2.588
5.332 7.246 11.608 13.82 15.97 20.43
70.6 ±0.6 65.5 ±0.3
83.5 ±0.7 85.8 ±0.7
~ 88.6 93.6 ±0.8
40.4 ±0.2 37.2 ±0.1 33.9 ±0.1 28.4 ±0.1 23.03
48.6 ±0.2 55.8 ±0.2 58.7 ±0.2
~ 61.1
99.6 ±0.9 112.0 ±1.0 125.0 ±1.0 130.0 ±1.5
~ 133.9 140.2 ±3.0 145.5 ±4.0
System Period
3.600
Oligocene
Eocene
Paleocene
Pliocene
Pleistocene
Upper
Lower
0.0117
INTERNATIONAL STRATIGRAPHIC CHART
International Commission on Stratigraphy
421.3 ±2.6
426.2 ±2.4
Tremadocian Darriwilian Hirnantian
Paibian
Upper
Middle Lower
Series 3
Stage 3 Stage 2
Fortunian
Stage 5
Drumian Guzhangian
Stage 9 Stage 10
Floian Dapingian
Sandbian Katian
Stage 4
Series 2 Terreneuvian
Furongian
~ 503
~ 506.5
~ 510 *
~ 515 *
~ 521 *
~ 528 *
460.9 ±1.6
471.8 ±1.6
488.3 ±1.7
~ 492 *
~ 496 *
~ 499
542.0 ±1.0
455.8 ±1.6 445.6 ±1.5
468.1 ±1.6
478.6 ±1.7
542 359.2 ±2.5
145.5 ±4.0
ICS
Copyright © 2009 International Commission on Stratigraphy
Subdivisions of the global geologic record are formally defined by their lower boundary Each unit
of the Phanerozoic (~542 Ma to Present) and the base of Ediacaran are defined by a basal Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP ), whereas Precambrian units are formally subdivided
by absolute age (Global Standard Stratigraphic Age, GSSA) Details of each GSSP are posted on the
ICS website (www.stratigraphy.org).
Numerical ages of the unit boundaries in the Phanerozoic are subject to revision Some stages within the Cambrian will be formally named upon international agreement on their GSSP limits Most sub-Series boundaries (e.g., Middle and Upper Aptian) are not formally defined
Colors are according to the Commission for the
Geological Map of the World (www.cgmw.org)
The listed numerical ages are from 'A Geologic Time Scale 2004', by F.M Gradstein, J.G Ogg, A.G Smith, et al (2004; Cambridge University Press) and “The Concise Geologic Time Scale” by J.G Ogg,
G Ogg and F.M Gradstein (2008)
This chart was drafted by Gabi Ogg Intra Cambrian unit ages with * are informal, and awaiting ratified definitions
Eoarchean
Hadean (informal)
Holocene
Miocene
August 2009