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INTERNATIONAL STRATIGRAPHIC CHART Langhian Burdigalian Aquitanian Oligocene Chattian Rupelian Priabonian Eocene Bartonian Lutetian Ypresian Thanetian Paleocene Selandian Danian Maastrichtian Campanian Mesozoic Cretaceous Upper Santonian Coniacian Turonian Cenomanian Albian Aptian Lower Barremian Hauterivian Valanginian Berriasian 3.600 5.332 7.246 11.608 13.82 15.97 20.43 23.03 28.4 ±0.1 33.9 ±0.1 37.2 ±0.1 40.4 ±0.2 48.6 ±0.2 55.8 ±0.2 65.5 ±0.3 70.6 ±0.6 83.5 ±0.7 85.8 ±0.7 ~ 88.6 93.6 ±0.8 99.6 ±0.9 112.0 ±1.0 125.0 ±1.0 130.0 ±1.5 ~ 133.9 140.2 ±3.0 145.5 ±4.0 Bajocian Aalenian Toarcian Lower Pliensbachian Sinemurian Hettangian Rhaetian Upper Norian Carnian Middle Lower Lopingian Ladinian Anisian Olenekian Induan Changhsingian Wuchiapingian Capitanian Guadalupian Wordian Roadian Kungurian Cisuralian Artinskian Sakmarian Asselian Upper Gzhelian Kasimovian Middle Moscovian Lower Bashkirian Upper Serpukhovian Middle Lower Visean 164.7 ±4.0 167.7 ±3.5 Middle 189.6 ±1.5 203.6 ±1.5 216.5 ±2.0 ~ 228.7 237.0 ±2.0 ~ 245.9 ~ 249.5 251.0 ±0.4 253.8 ±0.7 260.4 ±0.7 265.8 ±0.7 268.0 ±0.7 270.6 ±0.7 275.6 ±0.7 284.4 ±0.7 294.6 ±0.8 299.0 ±0.8 303.4 ±0.9 307.2 ±1.0 311.7 ±1.1 318.1 ±1.3 328.3 ±1.6 345.3 ±2.1 Tournaisian 359.2 ±2.5 Eifelian Pragian Pridoli 183.0 ±1.5 199.6 ±0.6 Givetian Lochkovian 175.6 ±2.0 196.5 ±1.0 Frasnian Emsian Lower 171.6 ±3.0 Ludlow Wenlock Ludfordian Gorstian Homerian Sheinwoodian Telychian Llandovery Aeronian Rhuddanian Hirnantian Upper Katian Sandbian Middle Darriwilian Dapingian Floian Neoproterozoic 385.3 ±2.6 397.5 ±2.7 407.0 ±2.8 411.2 ±2.8 416.0 ±2.8 418.7 ±2.7 421.3 ±2.6 422.9 ±2.5 426.2 ±2.4 428.2 ±2.3 436.0 ±1.9 439.0 ±1.8 443.7 ±1.5 Cryogenian Tonian Stenian Mesoproterozoic Ectasian Calymmian Statherian Paleoproterozoic Orosirian Rhyacian Siderian 471.8 ±1.6 GSSP GSSA ~635 850 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2050 2300 2500 2800 Mesoarchean 3200 Paleoarchean 3600 Eoarchean 4000 460.9 ±1.6 468.1 ±1.6 542 Neoarchean 445.6 ±1.5 455.8 ±1.6 Age Ma System Period Ediacaran 374.5 ±2.6 391.8 ±2.7 Erathem Era Eonothem Eon GSSP Age Ma Stage Age Series Epoch Eonothem Eon Erathem Era System Period GSSP Age Ma 161.2 ±4.0 Devonian Middle 58.7 ±0.2 ~ 61.1 Stage Age Series Epoch Eonothem Eon Erathem Era System Period GSSP 2.588 Bathonian ~ 155.6 Upper 359.2 ±2.5 Precambrian Archean Proterozoic Miocene Serravallian 1.806 150.8 ±4.0 Famennian Hadean (informal) ~4600 Subdivisions of the global geologic record are formally defined by their lower boundary Each unit 488.3 ±1.7 of the Phanerozoic (~542 Ma to Present) and the Stage 10 base of Ediacaran are defined by a basal Global ~ 492 * Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP ), Stage Furongian ~ 496 * whereas Precambrian units are formally subdivided Paibian by absolute age (Global Standard Stratigraphic Age, ~ 499 GSSA) Details of each GSSP are posted on the Guzhangian ICS website (www.stratigraphy.org) ~ 503 Numerical ages of the unit boundaries in the Series Drumian ~ 506.5 Phanerozoic are subject to revision Some stages Stage within the Cambrian will be formally named upon ~ 510 * international agreement on their GSSP limits Most Stage sub-Series boundaries (e.g., Middle and Upper ~ 515 * Series Aptian) are not formally defined Stage ~ 521 * Colors are according to the Commission for the Stage Geological Map of the World (www.cgmw.org) ~ 528 * Terreneuvian The listed numerical ages are from 'A Geologic Fortunian 542.0 ±1.0 Time Scale 2004', by F.M Gradstein, J.G Ogg, This chart was drafted by Gabi Ogg Intra Cambrian unit ages A.G Smith, et al (2004; Cambridge University Press) with * are informal, and awaiting ratified definitions and “The Concise Geologic Time Scale” by J.G Ogg, G Ogg and F.M Gradstein (2008) Copyright © 2009 International Commission on Stratigraphy Lower Tremadocian 478.6 ±1.7 Cambrian Tortonian Callovian 145.5 ±4.0 Phanerozoic Paleo zoic Ordovician Silurian Messinian 0.781 Triassic Zanclean Kimmeridgian Oxfordian Pennsylvanian Piacenzian 0.126 Mississippian Gelasian Pliocene Phanerozoic Cenozoic Paleogene Neogene Calabrian Upper Meso zoic Jurassic Pleistocene “Ionian” 0.0117 Paleo zoic Carboniferous Permian Upper Tithonian Phanerozoic Quaternary Holocene Age Ma International Commission on Stratigraphy Stage Age Series Epoch Eonothem Eon Erathem Era System Period ICS August 2009