skkn một số CHUẨN bị cần THIẾT để NÂNG CAO NĂNG lực VIẾT LUẬN CHO học SINH THPT DẠNG bài NGHỊ LUẬN

SỞ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO NAM ĐỊNH TRƯỜNG THPT A HẢI HẬU BÁO CÁO SÁNG KIẾN MỘT SỐ CHUẨN BỊ CẦN THIẾT ĐỂ NÂNG CAO NĂNG LỰC VIẾT LUẬN CHO HỌC SINH THPT- DẠNG BÀI NGHỊ LUẬN Tác giả : VŨ THỊ THU THỦY Trình độ chuyên môn: Cử nhân SPNN Chức vụ: Giáo viên Đơn vị công tác: Trường THPT A Hải Hậu Hải Hậu, tháng năm 2015 THÔNG TIN CHUNG VỀ SÁNG KIẾN Tên sáng kiến : MỘT SỐ CHUẨN BỊ CẦN THIẾT ĐỂ NÂNG CAO NĂNG LỰC VIẾT LUẬN CHO HỌC SINH THPT- DẠNG BÀI NGHỊ LUẬN Lĩnh vực áp dụng sáng kiến : Dạy học viết luận tiếng Anh- Dạng nghị luận 3.Thời gian áp dụng sáng kiến : 2012-2015 4.Tác giả : Họ tên : VŨ THỊ THU THỦY Năm sinh : 08/04/1980 Nơi sinh: Tân Thịnh- Lạng Giang- Bắc Giang Nơi thường trú : Hải Hưng- Hải Hậu- Nam Định Trình độ chuyên môn : Cử nhân Sư phạm ngoại ngữ Chức vụ công tác : Giáo viên Nơi làm việc : Trường THPT A Hải Hậu Địa liên hệ : Trường THPT A Hải Hậu Điện thoại : 0917515009 5.Đơn vị áp dụng sáng kiến : Tên đơn vị : Trường THPT A Hải Hậu Địa : Khu 6- Thị Trấn Yên Định –Hải Hậu- Nam Định Điện thoại : 03503877089 MỤC LỤC I ĐIỀU KIỆN, HOÀN CẢNH TẠO RA SÁNG KIẾN II THỰC TRẠNG III GIẢI PHÁP Các dạng luận thường gặp Cấu trúc luận Một số bước để có luận hoàn chỉnh Một số thủ thuật để viết luận hay Một số gợi ý để viết nghị luận hay Một số gợi ý để phân biệt nhận dạng đề nghị luận Một số mẫu văn nghị luận IV HIỆU QUẢ DO SÁNG KIẾN MANG LẠI V ĐỀ XUẤT, KIẾN NGHỊ PHỤ LỤC Sách tham khảo Một số dàn ý số đề văn nghị luận I ĐIỀU KIỆN, HOÀN CẢNH TẠO RA SÁNG KIẾN - Viết luận kỹ khó việc dạy học trường THPT - Giáo viên học sinh trường THPT thời kì làm quen với chương trình SGK yêu cầu thi kiểm tra Hơn trước viết luận thường phần lớp kì thi kiểm tra, mà giáo viên THPT gặp khó khăn để tìm phương pháp giảng dạy viết luận cách hiệu -Một số giáo viên chưa nhận thức rõ tầm quan trọng vai trò viết luận dạy học tiếng anh II THỰC TRẠNG - Sáng kiến nhằm giới thiệu số chuẩn bị cần thiết để viết luận - Sáng kiến muốn bước cần thiết viết luận số thủ thuật để giải số vấn đề tồn viết luận - Sáng kiến muốn góp phần tạo tự tin cho giáo viên học sinh việc dạy học viết luận dạng nghị luận -Phạm vi: Đề tài sáng kiến muốn đề cập tới cách để nâng cao lực viết luận, đặc biệt với dạng nghị luận Hơn đề tài muốn nghiên cứu trình dạy học viết luận tiếng anh trường THPT A Hải Hậu - Đối tượng: Học sinh THPT A Hải Hậu - Phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu sách tham khảo, thảo luận với đồng nghiệp, áp dụng vào giảng dạy để quan sát rút kinh nghiệm III GIẢI PHÁP Các dạng luận thường gặp 1.1 Bài luận miêu tả 2.1 Bài luận định nghĩa 3.1 Bài luận minh họa 4.1 Bài luận tương phản/so sánh 5.1 Bài luận nguyên nhân /kết 6.1 Bài luận tường thuật 7.1 Bài luận phân tích 8.1 Bài luận phân loại 9.1 Bài luận tranh luận, thuyết phục 10.1 Bài luận nghiên cứu 11.1 Bài luận phê bình văn học Cấu trúc luận Cấu trúc chung Thâu tóm ý , đưa luận đề (tránh nhắc lại đề bài) Ý tưởng - câu chủ đề - giải thích 123Kết Ý tưởng - câu chủ đề - giải thích 123Kết (Từ nối) Ý tưởng - câu chủ đề - giải thích 123Kết (Từ nối) (Từ nối) t Khẳng định lại luận đề Khẳng định lại ý tưởng lớn Một số bước để có luận hoàn chỉnh 1.3 Tư động não - Viết luận nhằm thể quan điểm riêng, sắc bén lý luận - Tạo hàng loạt câu hỏi có liên quan tới chủ đề, suy nghĩ nảy lý luận 2.3 Tìm làm rõ luận đề - Luận đề có ý nghĩa lớn luận - Luận đề nhiệm vụ đầy thử thách mà người viết phải vượt qua - Luận đề phải câu cô đọng súc tích bao quát ý tưởng thể cho người đọc biết ý tưởng luận 3.3 Lập dàn ý - Phác họa luận - Phác họa đoạn luận ý tưởng để làm rõ luận đề - Chỉ thông tin chi tiết mà bao gồm đoạn Một số thủ thuật để viết luận hay 1.4 Đọc nhiều tốt để khám phá cách cấu trúc viết luận hay, từ luận trở lên chuyên nghiệp sinh động 2.4 Sử dụng nhiều từ đồng nghĩa tốt tạo luận phong phú 3.4 Làm theo bước để tạo luận hay Bốn bước sau góp phần vào việc tạo luận hoàn chỉnh hay, là: Thống nhất, Đúng trật tự xếp, Mạch lạc chặt chẽ Hoàn thiện Yếu tố 1: Thống Sự thống luận câu luận đề Mỗi luận có từ hai đến ba câu luận đề tượng trưng cho hai ba đoạn phần thân Tất luận đề làm rõ ý mà tác giả muốn làm rõ quan điểm xuyên suốt luận Yếu tố 2: Đúng trật tự xếp cách tác giả xếp ý tưởng theo trật tự,trật tự trật tự thời gian tầm quan trọng hay trật tự khác luận hay phải có cách tổ chức, bố cục rõ ràng mà khiến người đọc dễ dàng hiểu đặc biệt biểu qua từ nối mà đóng vai trò quan trọng luận nghị luận, khiến cho người đọc dễ dàng thâu tóm ý không bị bối rối hiểu lầm Yếu tố 3: Mạch lạc chặt chẽ Mạch lạc tiêu chuẩn để luận dễ hiểu , câu đoạn đoạn cần liên kết lại để tạo thành thể thống Cách tốt để tạo cô đọng việc sử dụng từ nối Các từ cầu nối câu với câu kia, đoạn với đoạn để tạo dễ hiểu Chặt chẽ cách sử dụng từ kết nối là: And so we see , Additionally , Therefore , However and On the other hand Yếu tố 4: Sự hoàn thiện Hoàn thiện luận phát triển hay hợp lý Nếu tất câu đoạn rõ ràng hợp lí làm rõ luận đề luận hoàn thiện Nếu vavs vâu đoạn không đủ không đủ thông tin chứng minh cho luận đề luận không hoàn thiện Thông thường luận có ý tưởng lớn thân đoạn mở bài, đoạn kết, cấu trúc luận hoàn thiện Kết hay đoạn cuối quan trọng phải khẳng định lại luận đề luận điểm 4.4 Sử dụng từ kết nối trạng từ thường đứng đầu đoạn câu Việc sử dụng từ nối khiến luận mềm mại chuyên nghiệp CÔNG CỤ TẠO RA SỰ MẠCH LẠC CHẶT CHẼ Kết nối ý tưởng, sử dụng từ nối Mục đích, Ý nghĩa Kết nối câu Đưa thêm quan điểm đưa quan điểm tương đồng Also addition Beside moreover Furthermore in Kết nối mệnh đề MĐ MĐ phụ And Nor (‘and not’) Kết nối nội dung Another(adj) An aditional(adj) too So sánh Also Likewise Similarly too An Both…and Not only…but also neither…nor As Just as As…as Like / alike Just like Similar to (be)alike (be)similar Đưa quan điểm đối lập However Nonetheless In contrast Instead In / by comparison Nevertheless Still On the other hand On the one hand For example For instance But Yet But rather Although Even although Though Whereas while Despite In spite of Compared to/with (be)different (be)dissimilar (be)unlike Differ from Đưa ví dụ Such as Like An example of Including Tạo trật tự xếp theo thời gian First,second First of all now,then, Then, next after Meanwhile Last, finally then gradually After As As soon as Before Now that Since Until _ When While soon after that since Tạo trật tự Above all xếp theo tầm First and foremost quan trọng More/most importantly Significantly Primarily Last but not least Giới thiệu lí nguyên nhân The first, the second, the next, the last, the final Before After Since 19 _ In the year _ A more important_ The most important_ The second most important_ the primary_ for Because Since as Result from (be) the result of Due to Because of The effect of The consequence of As a result of As a consequence of Đưa nguyên nhân kết Accordingly As a result Consequently Hence Thus Therefore Nhấn mạnh In fact In particular Giải thích That is Indeed Đưa quan điểm thay Otherwise However Kết luận All in all In brief In conclusion In short In summary Indeed so Result in Cause Have an effect on Affect The cause of The reason for Repetition of words that or If Unless It is clear that… We can see that The evidence suggests that… These examples show that… Một số gợi ý để viết nghị luận hay 1.5 Đây bước để viết nghị luận hay + Quyết định quan điểm câu chủ đề + Đưa ví dụ quan điểm lí chứng minh cho luận đề + Phát triển đoạn theo trật tự xếp + Sử dụng từ cụm từ để kết nối câu đoạn luận + Viết theo văn phong trang trọng, giới thiệu chủ đề đưa tranh luận thuyết phục Thông thường, nghị luận gồm có phần sau  Phần : Mở Phần nên giới thiệu chủ đề đưa quan điểm rõ ràng Các cụm từ thường sử dụng phần mở sau + Some people claim/believe/say + It is sometimes said that + The question is + We often read/hear that + In my opinion , I strongly believe that , I am in favor of , it seems to me that + From my point of view, as far as I can see, as I see it + Many people think that…However, I think… + According to some people,…., Personally, I believe… + Some people are for the opinion that… Nevertheless, in my opinion,…  Phần : Thân Trong phần nên sử dụng ví dụ lí để chứng minh cho quan điểm Thân thường gồm đoạn, bao gồm đoạn mang quan điểm đối lập, nhiên người viết phải chứng minh quan điểm không thuyết phục Một số cụm từ thường dùng phần thân - Đưa thêm quan điểm + What's more + In addition + Furthermore, moreover - Đưa quan điểm đối lập + Although, even though + Despite + Despite the fact that + However - Quan điểm đối lập (tán thành/phản đối) + On the one hand/side on the other + While it's true that + You could also argue that + Nevertheless / However + One advantage / Another disadvantage is that + Opponents of this idea claim/ maintain that… + Those who disagree/ are against these ideas may say/ assert/ point out that… + Some people may disagree with this idea + Others may argue/ think that… + There may be some truth in their argument, however it cannot be denied that…  Phần : Kết luận Trong phần nên tóm tắt lại ý khẳng định lại quan điểm ngôn từ khác (đồng nghĩa) Các cụm từ thường dùng + On balance , 10 the main advantages of banning private education? Are there any circumstances where private education should be allowed? What is your own opinion on the matter? - Education is not for only a group of people + Private education creates the big differences between rich and poor families + People should be treated like each other's and being affluent should not create any borders among pupils - The quality of education is quite wide in every society + Parents are not able to find a suitable school for their children  They will look for private education + Parents concerned about their children's classmates, friends and even teachers CHỦ ĐỀ 6: Some people believe that children's leisure activities must be educational; otherwise, they are a complete waste of time Introduction - Today, children are required to make their best of studying to have a good future  They are not allowed for leisure activities school hours  Misguided Body - Children need to develop skills other than intellectual ones - Play make - believe games + develop imagination + learn physical co-ordination + learn social lesson (winning, losing) - Form strong, personal relationship with other friends - Grow up emotional mature Conclusion: - Children need relax as well as work - If everything is related to education or academic work  get tired of studying CHỦ ĐỀ 7: Only formal examinations, written or practical can give a clear picture of a student’s true knowledge and ability at university level Continuous assessment like course work and projects are poor measures of student ability How far you agree with this statement? The debate about how to assess students at university - In one group, the only sure way to test the ability to study or achievement is through formal exams + It’s difficult for teacher to assess their students’ course work because they can download from the Internet + It’s impossible for tutor to access the student properly because they may have done part of the work + Teachers ignore the possibility of students’ stealing ideas from somewhere 36 - In the other group, formal written are wrong and assessment should be continuous throughout a course  Because a lot of students not perform well under pressure in exams - I feel, lies somewhere in the middle  a University degree should be based on a combination of both forms of assessment CHỦ ĐỀ 8: People attend university or college many reasons ( ) Why you think people attend university or college, use specific reasons and examples to support your ideas State that the most common reasons are prepare for the future career, to have new experience and to increase their knowledge Career preparation is the primary reason: - Job market is very competitive - Model jobs (related to tech) ask new workers New experiences: - Can meet people from many places - Become more independent, learnt to live their own and to take care of themselves Increase knowledge: They decide what they want to study, purpose and interact w/ classmates, so they learn much about themselves - Learn many subjects at classes - Skills and knowledge related to their future career CHỦ ĐỀ 9: School should ask sts evaluate their teachers Do you agree or disagree? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer Good ideas: Good for teachers - Get a lot of useful information - Help teachers improve their classes Good for school administrators - Work better with the teachers - Work together to improve the school program where necessary Good exercise for sts - Have to organize their thoughts about their teacher - Give sts a chance to develop honesty and responsibility worthwhile Conclusion: This is ideal solution CHỦ ĐỀ 10: Should one’s aim of education be the development of talents in such as music, art, drama? One aim of education should be to develop talent ability, whatever that ability may be 37 The pressure from education theorists today is to concentrate teaching on preparation for employment - Parents feel that the priority for their children is to become equipped to earn a good living - Governments urge concentration on certain subjects, so that a poor of labor can be formed which can move easily into specialized training Both governments and parents discourage arts today - Modern education has spawned a sense they are totally unproductive and a brood of these non-subjects - They are the necessary enrichment of the culture of all countries in successive generations The greatest concept of education originates in the European cultural Renaissance in Italy, and dates back to the late Middle Ages - It is the development of the whole person, even attention to sports training It is clear that Music, art and drama should be encouraged: - Every country has it’s own artistic heritage - Artistic pursuits have now become international and offer brilliant careers to gifted young people of every country - Parents’ role: Make children’s play time and studying time quality time CHỦ ĐỀ 11: Most developed countries spend a large proportion of their health budges on expensive medical technology and procedures This money should be spent instead on health education to keep people well To what extent you agree or disagree with this statement? Author’s viewpoint: Agree Body: main ideas - Educating people to care about their health will save money + Educate people to prevent expensive health problems will reduce the health budget + Patients lack advice from doctors - Why is health care expensive? + People want the best medical when they get ill  Modern diagnostic equipments are required + When health problems are dangerous Complex operations are necessary The request of intensive nursing care and hospitalization Conclusion: - “Health dollar” is limited - Direct more resources towards the prevention of ill health is rational Fewer people would become ill Save the country money 38 CHỦ ĐỀ 12: “Prevention is better than cure” Out of a country’s health budget, a large proportion should be diverted from treatment to spending on health education and preventative measures To what extent you agree or disagree with this statement? Author’s viewpoint: Agree - In recent years, more resources are putting into health education and preventative measures - The ignorance should be combated Body: main ideas - Cure as soon as possible - What is the proportion of the budget should be diverted? It should be made on the basis of an acceptable health service model Conclusion: There is a need for a rigorous process of evaluation to measure the effectiveness of the health education campaigns in both medical and financial terms CHỦ ĐỀ 13: Tourism is a modern form of colonialism It distorts local economics, causes environmental damage and ruins the places it exploits Support or reject? It is not true that tourism distorts economics, cause environmental damage and ruins the places it exploits Tourism is good for local economics: - Bring to government much money - Seems to be the most important income source in lots of regions Tourism is good for local environment: - Tourism make local people rich → the local government and people can use the money to solve problems given by natural sources Tourism brings both other civilization and regional culture to that place: - Tour will boom off lands of culture instead of ruining them CHỦ ĐỀ 14: There is an excessive number of cars on your roads today and this leads to many problems Individuals and Governments should ensure that public transport plays a more important role in modern life in order to tackle these problems To what extent you agree with this statement? - The increasing number of cars  air pollution, a higher accident rate, more traffic congestion - Public transport – a greater role  certain actions should be taken - important changes to make more people use public transport + Travel by train – have to be reduced + Public transport services – Need improving - Higher car taxes, congestion charging, better public transport services: some individuals off driving 39 - However Attraction of the private vehicle – too powerful: convenient and total independence CHỦ ĐỀ 15: How movies or TV influence people’s behavior? Use reasons and specific examples to support your answer We spend hours watching TV programs every week  affect our behavior (usually negative) - Many program and movies are violent - Make us less active + Not spending moving around + Not playing sport + Not taking a walk - We don’t exercise our imagination + All the stories are told for us on TV + Don’t have to invent a way to spend a few free moments CHỦ ĐỀ 16: Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Modern technology is creating a single world culture Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer -TV programs is broadcast by satellite + Access to all the same TV pros + Influences by a big culture - Modern methods of transportation + use different culture in other places + expose to customs and easy to adopt - Internet + Access info & news from over the world + communicate easily with people far away and share + Under the same cultural influences toward international understanding  Easier to communicate people far away  Brought people closer together  Creates a single world culture CHỦ ĐỀ 17: Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Telephone and email have made communication between people less personal Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion - Easy to communicate with someone by phone or email + Phone: pick up a phone or turn on the computer + Email: send message at any time 40 - Communication by phone or by email is informal + Phone: can converse with someone as informally as you in person + Email messages: usually less formal styles of writing - Are inexpensive to use + Even long distance phone calls are cheap + Email costs nothing if you already own a computer   Make frequent communication convenient  Help maintain personal relationships CHỦ ĐỀ 18: Parents should restrict the using television and computer of their children Do you agree or disagree? Negative effects: - Impact on children’s health + damage their eyesight + If children are sitting for long periods instead of playing in the fresh air, their general health can be endanger - Children need to learn how to communicate with other people and not merely occupied with solitary pastimes - This tech could harm them emotionally or morally Positive effects - TV and computers are a valuable source of learning about new subjects and the world in general - Having knowledge of tech the younger generation will stand a chance of finding a decent job - TV and computers can provide a more security means of entertainment within their own homes Suggestions - Children should be permitted to watch TV or use computer but with certain restrictions - They shouldn’t watch whatever they want - Parents ought to limit the number of hours of viewing and use special devices to block harmful websites CHỦ ĐỀ 19: Sports which depend on violence for their entertainment such as boxing and wrestling, have no place in civilized society and should be banned To what extent would you support or reject this idea? - Agree: + because sports like boxing or wrestling cause aggressive feelings + Many young people watch these programs and try to be like the boxers or wrestlers have a fight and have to be in hospital  Boxing and wrestling should be banned 41 But rugby is accepted as team sport and accepted in society while boxing isn’t In fact, rugby is as violent as boxing We should ban these kinds of sports as well if you want to prevent society from violent sports CHỦ ĐỀ 20: Do you agree or disagree with the following statement Attending a live performance (for example a play, concert or sporting event) is more enjoyable than watching the same event on television Use specific reason and examples to support your opinion If you have a good TVbetter to watch a performance on TV Because of reasons: Much more convenient - Don’t have to go anywhere - Don’t have to worry about leaving the house on time - Don’t have to worry about traffic and parking - Don’t have to stand on line for ticket  Just stay at home and enjoy ourselves Much more comfortable - Can wear any clothes - Have a good seat and good view - Can get up; get sth to eat at any time  Relax and enjoy ourselves in the comfort of our own home Much cheaper - Don’t have to buy ticket - Don’t have to pay for parking or meal - Watching a performance cost nothing - Can turn off TV and sth else if don’t like this performance save time CHỦ ĐỀ 21: Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Dancing plays an important role in a culture Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer Agree: Folk dances keep us connected with our traditions Dancing brings people together When we dance, we release energy There are important roles that dancing plays in our culture CHỦ ĐỀ 22: Some movie is serious, designed to make the audience think Other movies are designed primarily to assume and entertain Which type of movie you prefer? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer After a movie, make us ready to get back to work and study when having troubles Make us laugh and connecting people Keep us in good spirits Make us relax, laugh and put in a good mood 42 CHỦ ĐỀ 23: It is better for children to grow up in the countryside than in a big city Do you agree or disagree? Use specific reasons and examples to develop your essay Disagree: All different kinds of people live in city  having the opportunity to learn about and understand different kinds of people Many opportunities to attend cultural events People on city work in different kinds of jobs  having greater opportunities of choosing a career The city is definitely a better place for children to grow up CHỦ ĐỀ 24: Do you agree or disagree with the following statement Classmates are a more important influence than parents are on a child’s success in school Use specific reasons and examples to develop your answer Disagree: Parents are important role models their children->children may learn something from their classmates but the examples they get from their parents are stronger Parents are the most important people who love and care for a child  Feelings from parents are more important Parents have expectations for their children Expect them to behave well and be good people and be successful in school Many people have influence on children while they are growing up but parents are the ones who have strongest influence CHỦ ĐỀ 25: Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Children should be required to help with household tasks as soon as they are able to so Use specific reasons and examples to support your answers 1, Introduction: - Children should the household because it helps them learn skills and responsibility 2, Body: - Household tasks build skills + Young children learn motor skills and classification skills + Older children learn skills as adults such as: cooking and cleaning - Household tasks help children learn responsibility + Organize their time + Have to chores before playing + Help children success later in life - If children household tasks, parents will be happier + The housework gets done more quickly + Parents don’t have to feel like servants to children 3, Conclusion: 43 - If children can handle tasks at home, they will handle life better - Become more confident and responsible adults CHỦ ĐỀ 26: Some of the methods used in ads are unethical and unacceptable in today’s society To what extent you agree with this view? Intro - Advertising dominates the world today - Appear on TV, World Wide Web, street, mobile phones… However, many advertising strategies are immortal and unacceptable Body - Can’t escape from advertising + Have to look at derisive and irritating images and signs constantly + Few places we can avoid them - Encourages people to buy products they may not need + Bad effects on children and young people: toys, clothes… + Put enormous pressure on parents to buy - Advertising of tobacco products and alcohol Con: Many aspects or advertising: immortal and unacceptable CHỦ ĐỀ 27: The International community should reduce or eliminate the debts of the world’s poorest countries To what extent you agree or disagree? Intro: Many of the poorest countries in the world are locked into a cycle of debts to the rich countries It gradually comes to the massive debts Body: - The reasons why these debts should be eliminated or reduced + They are facing to Not only diseases, indigenous industry and agriculture, but also poverty and ignorance in education + As the result of these, Third World citizens is suffering and dying young  it is more hard to pay off the huge interest from the debts - Another argument: These debts should be retained because: +These debts have been legally incurred + If everyone with a debt want to it eliminated, it will possibly cause damage to the whole banking system Conclusion: Where people are suffering and dying for debts… banks, can and write off bad debts and for humanitarian reasons CHỦ ĐỀ 28: Improvements in heath, education, and trade are essential for the development pf poorer nation However, the government of richer nations should take more responsibility for helping the poorer nations in such areas 44 To what extent, you agree or disagree with this opinion? Intro: In balancing, the developed countries of the Western should pay attention to the underdevelopment of the Third World nations in not only in the economy but also in politics aspects Body: Some possible reasons: - The shortage of food supply in poorer countries (e.g Africa) which lead people prone to disease, hunger and death - Disability in solving to the cyclical problem, which has been existing for a long time Some essential actions: - Rebuilding the Third World by taking care: health, education, and trade - More aids for providing the medicine, educational needs and materials… Sum up: If the richer countries can be more serious about the essential issues of how a nation develops and well consider the special situations those poorer countries are facing, the improvements will be more efficiently made CHỦ ĐỀ 29: Business should hire employees for their entire lives Do you agree or disagree? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer Intro: In today’s economy, it is not important to hire employees for their entire lives The important considerations for companies are an employee’s performance, speed and ability to change Loyalty is not a consideration Body: - We need to hire workers who can perform their jobs well, on the other hand, those who can a job without a lot of extra training - We need young people who are aggressive and will push themselves to their jobs faster, are willing to work long hours as well - Necessary to change our workforce frequently, so we can have new ideas Sum up: It is not necessary to hire employees for their total lives, company need refresh the workforce as necessary to create a new working environment CHỦ ĐỀ 30: Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Advertising can tell you a lot about a country Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer Agree: Advertising is like a window into the life of the country By looking at advertisements, you can see: What kinds of people like to buy? Learn about the average lifestyle in a country What kinds of situations are attractive to people  See people value Can know whether a country is affluent or not 45  Show how people like, what they want to buy and give us the picture of a country’s daily life CHỦ ĐỀ 31: In some countries, teenagers have jobs while they are still students Do you think this is a good idea? Support your opinion by using specific reasons and details I don’t think this is a good idea because: - A job can interfere with a teenager’s schoolwork: + Education today is complex and difficult => students must work hard and concentrate + Difficult to attend classes most of the day, research for project, go home homework - Disrupt a teenager’s home life: + Have job => won’t be home for dinner or even after => doesn’t have much time to spend with his family + Teenagers still need the companionship and support from families - Misses out on the fun of being young: + Have a whole lifetime ahead to earn a living + This is the free time he will have (to hang out with friends, enjoy himself, etc.) CHỦ ĐỀ 32: Workers like doctor and teachers are under valued and underpaid, at least compared to actors and actresses What is a your opinion on this matter? Workers like doctor and teachers should be paid more: - They are more important for the society than actors are + So they should be paid large sums of money to keep them educating +They play an important role for any performing this necessary aspect of development + They build students progress socially, intellectually and educationally - Film actors not play the same role as doctors + Doctors protect people from spread of diseases + Without doctors, many well-educated people may be killed - Disagree that film actors are important + Do not take part in national’s heath + Do not achieve any significant development + Progress, technological development and health of the nation depend mostly on teachers and health care workers CHỦ ĐỀ 33: Some people argue that the government should give every unemployed person a mobile phone and should make sure they have access to the Internet They believe this is the best way of using public money to reduce the problem of unemployment To what extent you agree or disagree? 46 Intro - Unemployment causes many problems for society - Any measures reducing unemployment are to be welcomed Body - Internet: advantages + Internet can be useful in preparing for job interviews + Internet offers a unique tool for the job seeker looking for information - Mobile phone + Advantage: is more convenient than a conventional phone to respond quickly + Disadvantage: costs easily get out of hand - Using these help make tech available Con - Strong arguments for giving unemployed people access to the Internet - Providing mobile phones is less convincing - Should invest in relevant training programs CHỦ ĐỀ 34: Is it more important to be able to work with a group of people on a team or to work independently? Use reasons and specific examples to support your answer Intro Work on a team- one of the most important job skills - Most jobs involve teamwork - A team gets more work done - Worker on a team has a lot of support Body - Most work is done in groups or teams Ex: + professionals work with professional colleagues, have assistants, support staff + Construction workers work with others - More work can be done by a team + Each member is responsible for one part  the parts are cut out together the job is done + Individual has to worry about every aspect + Having a group of people to help + Individual has to solve all problems Con - Teams usually a better job - Cannot work well on a team means having a hard time in work place CHỦ ĐỀ 35: When a country develops its technology, the traditional skills and ways of life die out It is pointless to try and keep them alive To what extent you agree or disagree with this option? Disagree with the opinion because: - “Traditional skills and way of life” aren’t automatically of one country, but of a culture or community 47 - History of civilization is history of technology: +Some technologies have negative impact but many others have positive one -Technology can contribute to keeping alive traditional skills& way of life: + Using internet to deliver school online rather than sending children to mainland in small islands + Keep alive traditional skills of producing salmon (orders, delivered to anywhere in the world) - Technology is necessarily good: + Try to keep traditions alive with technology + Shouldn’t ignore it, it can be friend& support way of life CHỦ ĐỀ 36: Too much attention is paid to and too much money is spent on keeping pets, while people throughout the world are starving Discuss the arguments for and against keeping pets To what extent you agree? Benefits of keeping animals at home as pets: - Help children and adults relate to animals and nature more( children are more likely to treat animals better when become adults) - Pets can act as companions for people Pets can provide a link between humans and nature! CHỦ ĐỀ 37: Many people have a close relationship with their pets These people treat their birds, cats or other animals as members of their family In your opinion, are such relationships good? Why or why not? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer Intro: It is not good to have too close a relationship with a pet, or to treat it like a human being Body: - Not wanting to become involved in other activities + No time for friends + No a weekend trip + Putting their pet’s interests before their own - Interfering with good relationships with people + neglecting the spouses and children + Losing interest in making friends and being with people + A relationship with a pet is less complicated than with a person - Money spent on pets could have other uses + Food and medical care for children all around the world + Sending the money to charity Conclusion: It is important to balance your pet needs with your own CHỦ ĐỀ 38: Do you agree or disagree that progress is always good? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer 48 Intro: Progress is always good Body a Progress is required to keep the economy moving forward: -Without progress: +New products –not developed + New services-not created + Live and work in the same way with grandparents b Progress is required to raise our standard of living: - Home (more efficient + fewer resources)  improvement in home construction techniques - Clothes (warmer + safer)  development in textile manufacturing - Education system (better)  use of modern computer tech c Progress is required to improve the health of the world’s population - No progress  No vaccines  High infant mortality rates  No treatments for heart disease + cancer  Progress = our lives are longer and healthier Conclusion: The necessity of progress: no progress  no evolvement  Deterioration CHỦ ĐỀ 39: The expression “never and never give up” means keep trying and never stop working for your goals Do you agree or disagree with statement? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer (Totally agree) - There is always another opportunity (Giving examples) - There is always another goal (Giving examples) - There is always another option (Giving examples) → there is always something else Don’t give up CHỦ ĐỀ 40: When people succeed, it is because of hard work “Luck has nothing to with success” Do you agree or disagree with statement? Use specific reasons and examples to explain your position (Disagree) - Many people discover or invent things with the help of luck For example, Columbus worked hard to make his trip to India but he finally discovered the Americas by chance - Luck can help people become famous Not all the talented people become famous, some of them may meet good chances at the right time and places - Luck may help people find jobs (because of seeing a job hunter by chance.) 49  Hard work brings one close to success, but a little luck helps him succeed Luck and hard work go hand in hand CHỦ ĐỀ 41: “Men always make better managers than women” What is your opinion? (Agree) Both two sexes have a social position-equal but in general, men can make better managers than women - Women can’t reach a decision as quickly and properly as men - Managers are normally required to stay permanently at their firms but women need to take care of family - Managers must travel everywhere → need very good health but women are in fact weaker than men - Because of the gentle nature, women aren’t as resolute and impartial as men are - “Men make houses but women make homes” 50 [...]... viết luận giỏi nhất là dạng bài nghị luận thì là 1 vấn đề cho cả giáo viên và học sinh ở các trường THPT, bởi vì kĩ năng này ảnh hưởng bởi nhiều yếu tố, và cá nhân tôi nghĩ rằng trong việc dạy và học viết luận thì những gợi ý và kinh nghiệm trên đây có thể giúp được rất nhiều, nhất là học sinh THPT sẽ không còn gặp khó khăn trong việc viết luận tiếng anh (dạng bài nghị luận) và cũng không gặp khó khăn... school is better than waiting to study as an adult 32 3 Kết luận Rõ ràng là rằng viết luận là vô cùng cần thiết trong việc dạy và học tiếng anh ngày nay, đặc biệt trong kì thi THPT quốc gia có khuynh hướng bao gồm bắt buộc phải có dạng bài tập này Hơn thế nữa đây là tiêu chuẩn quan trọng trong việc đi du học cũng như phát tiển chuyên môn tiếng anh Tuy nhiên, làm sao để viết luận giỏi nhất là dạng bài. .. ra luận đề (tránh nhắc lại đề bài) Ý tưởng 1(quan điểm phản bác) - câu chủ đề - giải thích 123Kết (Từ nối) Ý tưởng 2(quan điểm phản bác) - câu chủ đề - giải thích 123Kết (Từ nối) t Khẳng định lại luận đề Khẳng định lại các ý tưởng lớn 14 Ý tưởng 3(quan điểm phản bác) - câu chủ đề - giải thích 123Kết (Từ nối) 6 Một số gợi ý để phân biệt nhận dạng đề bài của một bài nghị luận Thông thường, bài nghị luận. .. your own experience or knowledge You should write at least 250 words 1) Mở bài Đề bài này chỉ viết trong khoảng thời gian 40 phút nên phải viết mở bài thật nhanh và rõ ràng mạch lạc Trong mở bài nên nêu được 2 điều   Chỉ ra chủ đề của bài viết( luận đề chính) Nói rõ được quan điểm của tác giả Đây là 1 ví dụ cho một mở bài với đề bài như trên The last two decades have seen enormous changes in the way... can be argued that these developments in IT will result in more negative impacts than positive 2) Thân bài Với một bài luận hay cần có từ 2 đến 3 đoạn thân bài 19 Với mỗi đoạn thân bài cần có một ý lớn (câu chủ đề) sau đó là các câu chứng minh, giải thích Đây là ví dụ cho một đoạn thân bài của đề bài trên To begin, email has made communication, especially abroad, much simpler and faster, resulting... sáng kiến vào giảng dạy lớp 12A4 năm học 2014-2015 Tổng số hs HS đạt giỏi HS trung bình HS yếu 12A4 (45HS) 100% 34 9 75,5% 20% 2 4,5% 2 Một số bài nghị luận của học sinh do tác giả của sáng kiến áp dụng vào giảng dạy Chủ đề 1 : “ How we look is not very important It’s how we behave that counts” What’s your opinion? Bài viết của hs Mai Thị Nhung – Lớp 12A4- Trường THPT A Hải Hậu Some people think that... environment by establishing a minority community What is your opinion? ==> Argument 7 Một số bài mẫu của bài văn nghị luận 15 BÀI MẪU 1 Đề bài: Nowadays, computers are an important part of most people’s everyday lives This change has improved the way people live To what extent do you agree or disagree? Bài làm: Dàn ý: Mở bài Thay đổi tích cực: - Increased access to information - Better communication -... Practical and Theory (Penny Ur) Cambrige university press 3 Giáo trình giáo học pháp (Tổ ngoại ngữ –Khoa ngôn ngữ và văn hóa Anh - Mĩ – c – Trường đại học quốc gia Hà Nội) 4 Phương pháp dạy tiếng Anh Trung học phổ thông (Nguyễn Hạnh Dung) 5 Phương pháp dạy TOEFL writing, và IELTS writing 2 Một số dàn ý của một số đề bài văn nghị luận CHỦ ĐỀ 1: Going overseas for university study is an exciting prospect... all the above reasons, I am convinced that… 2.5 Ba mẫu cấu trúc bài luận Tất cả các chủ đề nghị luận đều có các ý tưởng đồng tình và trái chiều Trước khi viết 1 điều rất cần thiết là phải tìm được 3 quan điểm rồi quyết định quan điểm nào là đồng tình quan điểm nào là phản bác 11 Mẫu 1 Thâu tóm sự chú ý , đưa ra luận đề (tránh nhắc lại đề bài) Ý tưởng 1(quan điểm của tác giả) - câu chủ đề - giải thích... and viruses Unfortunately, this kind of problem might even get worse in the future at least until more regulated systems are set up 3) Kết luận Kết luận cần có các ý như sau   Khẳng định lại quan điểm của bài luận Đưa một số suy nghĩ về tương lai Sau đây là một kết luận làm ví dụ: 20 In conclusion, developments in IT have brought many benefits, yet I believe developments relating to new technology are