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CHUYấN CU B NG TRONG TING ANH PASIVE VOICE Trong cỏc k thi hc sinh gii cỏc cp, tụi thy rng hc sinh khụng gii c cỏc bi ng phỏp n l nh bi v thỡ, bi chuyn cõu trc tip giỏn tip, chuyn cõu t ch ng sang b ng Nhiu hc sinh cho rng cỏc em thng khụng gii c loi bi ny l chỳng mang tớnh t v tru tng cao Qua nhiu nm dy i tuyn, tụi rt trn tr v suy ngh mỡnh phi lm th no hc sinh yờu thớch gii cỏc bi v ng phỏp ny Vỡ nu cỏc em cú phng phỏp gii cỏc bi ú mt cỏnh thnh tho thỡ vic t gii cỏc loi bi khỏc s nhanh nhn hn, giỳp cỏc em cú th t c kt qu cao cỏc k thi hc sinh gii cỏc cp Nhúm GV chỳng tụi ó 195 vit rt nhiu cỏc chuyờn v ng phỏp nhm giỳp cỏc em cú cỏch nhỡn tng quỏt v nhng suy ngh m rng cỏc kin thc ó hc t sỏch giỏo khoa T ú, cỏc em t dng phỏt trin t vi cỏc bi tng t, tng quỏt v liờn h mt cỏch lụ-gic vi cỏc dng bi ó hc Qua thc t ging dy bi dng hc sinh gii nhiu nm, vi cỏch lm trờn, tụi thy rng hc sinh ca tụi ó bt u yờu thớch cỏc bi v ng phỏp Thc t cho tụi thy rng chỳng tụi ó phn no cú c kt qu mong i Do vy, tụi xin phộp c gii thiu chuyờn : Cõu b ng ting Anh -mt s nhng chuyờn kin thc m tụi cựng t giỏo viờn ngoi ng trng THCS Vnh Tng ó xõy dng bi dng cho i tuyn hc sinh gii lp 8, 9, vi k vng cỏc em s yờu thớch cỏc bi v cõu b ng khụ khan, tru tng, nhng vụ cựng hp dn v lý thỳ ny CU B NG (passive voice) I Kin thc dy trờn lp 1.1 nh ngha Cõu b ng l gỡ? Cõu b ng l cõu m ú ch ng khụng thc hin hnh ng m ngc li b tỏc ng lờn bi mt yu t khỏc Vớ d: + Tụi n cỏi bỏnh (cõu ch ng : vỡ ch ng "tụi" thc hin hnh ng "n") + Cỏi bỏnh c n bi tụi (cõu b ng : vỡ ch ng "cỏi bỏnh" khụng thc hin hnh ng"n" m nú b "tụi' n) Trong ting vit chỳng ta dch cõu b ng l "b" (nu cú hi) hoc "c" (nu cú li) 1.2 Cỏch chuyn mt cõu n t ch ng sang b ng Thụng thng dy v cõu b ng chỳng ta thng a cho hc sinh nhng cu trỳc tng ng vi cỏc thỡ nhng tụi nhn thy hc sinh thng b bi ri hng chc cụng thc, khụng bit la chn cụng thc no cho phự 196 hp Vỡ vy chuyờn ny tụi xin c gii thiu mt cỏch lm khỏc, chi tit hn hc sinh cú th ỏp dng c mt cỏch d dng hn mi thỡ: 1) i ng t chớnh thnh P.P 2) Thờm (BE) vo trc P.P, chia (BE) cựng thỡ vi ng t cõu ch ng 3) Gia ch ng v ng t cú gỡ thỡ em xung ht 4) Ly tõn ng lờn lm ch ng: 5) em ch ng i thnh tõn ng phớa sau v thờm by: 6) Cỏc yu t cũn li khỏc thỡ em xung khụng thay i Vớ d: Marry will have finished it by tomorrow Chn ng t: chn finish vỡ finish l ng t chớnh) 1) i V => P.P : finish => finished finished 2) Thờm (be) v chia ging V cõu trờn : (be) => been (vỡ ng t chớnh dng quỏ kh phõn t) been finished 3) Gia Marry v finished cú ch ta em xung ht (will have) will have been finished 4) Tỡm ch ng: sau ng t cú ch it ta i thnh ch ng v em lờn u: It will have been finished 5) em ch ng (Mary) i thnh tõn ng phớa sau thờm by: It will have been finished by Mary 6) Cỏc yu t cũn li khỏc thỡ em xung khụng thay i It will have been finished by Mary by tomorrow Ghi chỳ: - Nu cú thi gian thỡ phi thi gian cui cõu - Nu ch t l : people, something, someone, they thỡ cú th b i (riờng cỏc i t : I ,you, he thỡ tựy theo cõu, nu thy khụng cn thit thỡ cú th b) - Nu cú no u cõu thỡ lm nh bỡnh thng, xong i sang ph nh - Nu cú tr ng t do, does, did thỡ be s nm ti v trớ ca nhng tr ng t ny 197 Vớ d: + They don't take the book => The book isn't taken 1.3 Cỏch i cõu hi t ch ng sang cõu b ng i vi cõu hi cn phõn lm loi : loi cõu hi yes/no v loi cõu hi cú ch hi (cũn gi l WH question) 1.3.1 i vi cõu hi Yes/ No Cõu hi yes / no l cõu hi cú ng t t bit hoc tr ng t do, does, did, u cõu Bc : i sang cõu thng Bc 2: i sang b ng (lỳc ny nú ó tr thnh cõu thng, cỏch i nh ó hc) Bc 3: i tr li thnh cõu hi yes / no Cỏch i sang cõu thng nh sau: - Nu cú do, does, did u cõu thỡ b - chia ng t li cho ỳng thỡ (da vo do,does, did ) - Nu cú ng t c bit u cõu thỡ chuyn sau ch ng Vớ d (tr ng t u cõu) Did Mary take it? Bc 1: i sang cõu thng: b did, chia ng t take thnh quỏ kh vỡ did l du hiu ca quỏ kh => Mary took it Bc 2: i sang b ng : lm cỏc bc nh bi => It was taken by Mary Bc 3: i tr li cõu hi nghi => Was it taken by Mary? Cng cú th lm theo cỏch th to be vo do,does, did nh "mo" bi Vớ d 2: ( ng t c bit u cõu) Is Mary going to take it? Bc : i sang cõu thng: chuyn ng t c bit (is) sau ch t: => Mary is going to take it Bc : i sang b ng : lm cỏc bc nh bi => It is going to be taken by Mary Bc 3: i tr li cõu hi nghi (em is u ) => Is it going to be taken by Mary? 1.3.2 i vi cõu hi cú t hi: 198 Cỏch lm cng chia cỏc bc nh dng trờn, nhng khỏc bit nm bc v Bc 1: i sang cõu thng Bc ny phc hn dng 1, lm c bc ny cỏc em phi bit chia nú lm loi: - Loi ch hi WH lm ch ng: (sau nú khụng cú tr ng t do, does, did m cú ng t + tõn ng) What made you sad? (iu gỡ lm bn bun?) Who has met you? (ai ó gp bn?) Loi ny i sang cõu thng gi nguyờn hỡnh thc m khụng cú bt c s thay i no - Loi ch hi WH lm tõn ng: (sau nú cú tr ng t do, does, did hoc ng t c bit + ch ng) What you want? Who will you meet? Khi i sang cõu thng s chuyn WH sau ng t - Loi ch hi WH l trng t: l cỏc ch : when, where, how, why When did you make it? Gi nguyờn t hi, i ging nh dng cõu hi yes/no Bc 2: i sang b ng: lm cỏc bc nh bi Bc 3: i tr li cõu hi cú ch hi (em WH u cõu) Vớ d (WH l tỳc t, cú tr ng t) What did Mary take? Bc 1: i sang cõu thng: Cú tr ng t did => What l tỳc t : b did, chia ng t take thnh quỏ kh vỡ did l du hiu ca quỏ kh, em what sau ng t: Bc 2: => Mary took what i sang b ng: lm cỏc bc nh bi => What was taken by Mary Bc 3: i tr li cõu hi nghi vn: (vỡ lỳc ny what l ch t ri nờn khụng cú gỡ thay i na ) => What was taken by Mary? Vớ d ( WH l tỳc t, cú ng t c bit) 199 Who can you meet? Bc 1: i sang cõu thng: Cú ng t c bit can, Who l tõn ng: chuyn sau ng t meet, you l ch ng: chuyn can sau ch ng you => you can meet who Bc 2: i sang b ng: lm cỏc bc nh bi => Who can be met by you? Bc 3: i tr li cõu hi nghi vn: (vỡ lỳc ny who l ch t ri nờn khụng cú gỡ thay i na) = Who can be met by you? Vớ d (WH l ch ng) Who took Mary to school? Bc 1: i sang cõu thng : Sau who l ng t + tỳc t => who l ch ng => i sang cõu thng gi nguyờn hỡnh thc => Who took Mary to school Bc 2: i sang b ng: lm cỏc bc nh bi => Mary was taken to school by who Bc 3: i tr li cõu hi nghi vn: (vỡ lỳc ny l cõu hi nờn who phi u cõu ) => Who was Mary taken to school by? Nu by em u thỡ who phi i thnh whom: => By whom was Mary taken to school? 1.4 Cỏch chuyn cõu ghộp t ch ng sang cõu b ng Dự ó vng v cỏch lm cõu n nhng ụi ta li lỳng tỳng gp phi nhng cõu cú nhiu mnh Cỏch lm cng khụng khú nu chỳng ta bit phõn tớch thnh tng cõu riờng ri lm bỡnh thng, gi li cỏc t ni Vớ d: When I came, they were repairing my car Nhỡn vo l thy rừ rng cú mnh , ta c vic tỏch chỳng ri lm b ng tng mnh : + When I came: mnh ny khụng i sang b ng c vỡ khụng cú tõn ng + they were repairing my car lm b ng nh bỡnh thng => my car was being repaired Cui cựng ta ni li nh c : When I came, my car was being repaired 200 Dng ny suy cho cựng cng l cỏch lm tng cõu nh ta ó hc trờn, cũn mt dng na phc hn m cỏc bi kim tra cng thng hay cho, ta cn lu ý ú l dng mt ch t lm hnh ng khỏc Vớ d : They opened the door and stole some pictures Dng ny ta cng tỏch lm phn nhng nh thờm ch ng cho phn sau: + They opened the door and they stole some pictures Lỳc ny cỏc em ch vic i sang b ng tng cõu riờng bit v gi li liờn t and l xong => The door was opened and some pictures were stolen 1.5 Nhng dng c bit 1.5.1 Dng 1: People say that Dng ny cõu ch ng ca nú cú dng sau: People/ they + say/think/believe + (that) + S + V + O Dng ny cú cỏch i sang b ng nh sau: People say They think (that) S + V + O believe S (be) P.P to inf It (be) P.P that (vit li) Cỏch 1: - Bc 1: Ly ch ng ca mnh sau em u cõu - Bc 2: Thờm (be) vo : (be) chia ging thỡ ca ng t say/think -Bc 3: Ly ng t say/think lm P.P sau (be) - Bc 4: Ly ng t mnh sau i thnh to INF ri vit li ht phn sau ng t ny Lu ý: Nu ng t mnh sau, trc thỡ so vi say/think thỡ bc khụng dựng to INF m dựng : TO HAVE + P.P Vớ d 1: People said that he was nice to his friends - Bc 1: Ly ch ng mnh sau em u cõu (he ) => He - Bc 2: Thờm (be) vo: (be) chia ging thỡ ca ng t say/think 201 Said l quỏ kh nờn (be) chia thnh was => He was - Bc 3: Ly ng t say/think lm P.P sau (be) P.P (ct 3) ca said cng l said: => He was said - Bc 4: Ly ng t mnh sau i thnh to INF ri vit li ht phn sau ng t ny So sỏnh thỡ mnh , ta thy said v was cựng l thỡ quỏ kh nờn i ng t mnh sau l was thnh to be, vit li phn sau (nice to his friends) => He was said to be nice to his friends Vớ d 2: People said that he had been nice to his friends bc u lm ging nh vớ d nhng n bc thỡ ta thy said l quỏ kh nhng had been l quỏ kh hon thnh (trc thỡ) nờn ta ỏp dng cụng thc to have + P.P ( P.P ca was l been) => He was said to have been nice to his friends Cỏch 2: - Bc 1: Dựng it u cõu - Bc 2: Thờm (be) vo: (be) chia ging thỡ ca ng t say/think - Bc 3: Ly ng t say/think lm P.P sau (be) - Bc 4: Vit li t ch that n ht cõu Vớ d: People said that he was nice to his friends - Bc 1: - Bc 1: Dựng IT u cõu => It - Bc 2: Thờm (be) vo : (be) chia ging thỡ ca ng t say/think Said l quỏ kh nờn (be) chia thnh was => It was - Bc 3: Ly ng t say/think lm P.P sau (be) P.P (ct 3) ca said cng l said : => It was said - Bc 4: Vit li t ch that n ht cõu => It was said that he was nice to his friends Nhn xột: - Bc v ging c cỏch - Cỏch d hn khụng phi bin i ng t phớa sau ú ngi ta kờu i sang b ng m khụng cho sn t u tiờn thỡ ta dựng cỏch cho d 202 1.5.2 Dng 2: Dng cú cu trỳc VOV L dng ng t cỏch bi tõn ng, ta gi V th nht l V1 v V th l V2, i vi mu ny ta phõn lm cỏc hỡnh thc sau: * Bỡnh thng gp mu VOV ta c vic chn V1 lm b ng nhng quan trng l: Nu V2 bare.inf ( nguyờn mu khụng TO) thỡ i sang b ng phi i sang to inf (tr trng hp nht khụng i l V1 l ng t LET ) Vớ d: They made me go => I was made to go (i go nguyờn mu thnh to go) We heard him go out last night => He was heard to go out last night They let me go => I was let go (vn gi nguyờn go vỡ V1 l let) Lu ý: i vi let ngi ta thng i sang allow + They let me go out => I was allowed to go out ** Khi V1 l cỏc ng t ch s thớch nh : want, like, dislike, hate thỡ cỏch lm nh sau: - Chn V2 lm b ng ri lm theo cỏc bc c bn nh bi - Ch ng v V1 gi nguyờn, khụng cú gỡ thay i - Nu phn O (by O ) trựng vi ch ng ngoi u cõu thỡ b i Vớ d: I hate people laughing at me Chn yu t cn bn : S- V- O lm b ng l : people laughing me I hate gi nguyờn, me cui em lờn trc ng t, nhng vỡ nú ng sau hate nờn phi vit l me => I hate me i ng t laughing thnh p.p, thờm (be) trc p.p v chia ging ng t cõu trờn (thờm ing) => I hate me being laughed at ( by people b ) Me v I trựng nờn b me : => I hate being laughed at 1.5.3 Dng B ng ca cõu mnh lnh 203 Trc ht cỏc em cng nờn bit cỏch nhn dng cõu mnh lnh ú l cõu khụng cú ch t, m l ng t nguyờn mu ng u cõu V + Let O O be P.P - Thờm Let u cõu - em tõn ng cõu trờn xung - Thờm be vo sau tõn ng (be nguyờn mu khụng chia) - i ng t thnh P.P - Cỏc phn cũn li (nu cú) vit li ht Vớ d: Write your name on the blackboard - Thờm Let u cõu: Let - em tõn ng cõu trờn xung: (your name) Let your name - Thờm be vo sau tõn ng (be nguyờn mu khụng chia): Let your name be - i ng t thnh P.P ( write => written) Let your name be written - Cỏc phn cũn li vit li ht (on the blackboard ) Let your name be written on the blackboard 1.5.4 Dng 4: Nhng dng cõu b ng riờng l Mu 1: Mu ny cú dng: It is sb's duty to inf Vớ d: => Sb (be) supposed to inf It's your duty to this work => You are supposed to this work Mu 2: Mu ny cú dng: It is impossible to sth => Sth can't be done Vớ d: It is impossible to repair that machine => That machine can't be repaired Mu 3: Mu ny cú dng: S + enjoy + Ving + O Vớ d: => S + enjoy + O being + P.P We enjoy writing letters => We enjoy letters being written Mu 4: Mu ny cú dng: S + recommend / suggest + Ving + O 204 He discovered that this cotton was grown in Egypt They promise that the performance will start on time He recommends that we should stay at the city center We believed that Alice would pass the driving test The director notifies all the workers that they will have to work extra hard this month 10 They have persuaded me that they will go with me to the stadium 11 They have decided that the company will go to the beach together at the weekend 12 People think that Maradona is the best football player in the 20th century 13 They find that the job is not suitable for a girl like her 14 The teacher explained that this powerful engine pulled the train 15 He told me that his football team had played well last season EXERCISE 4: CHUYN CC CU SAU SANG B NG I had my nephew paint the gate last week She will have Peter wash her car tomorrow They have her tell the story again John gets his sister to clean his shirt Anne had had a friend type her composition Rick will have a barber cut his hair I will get the dressmaker to make a new dress He had a mechanic repair his car She often gets the technician to maintain the heater 10 They had the police arrest the shoplifter 11 Are you going to have the shoemaker repair your shoes? 12 I must have the dentist check my teeth 13 She will have a veterinary surgeon examine her dog 14 We had a man take this photograph when we were on holiday last summer 15 The Greens had a carpet cleaner clean their carpet KEY 212 EXERCISE 1 This flower is watered by my father every morning Fiona was invented to Johns birthday party last night The dinner is being prepared by her mother in the kitchen Our teeth should be cleaned twice a day The English grammar has been explained by our teacher The accident was caused in this city by some drunk drivers Toms parents will be visited (by him) next month The secretary wasnt phoned by the manager this morning Was this beautiful dress bought by Mary? 10 These old pictures wont be in the living room(by me) 11 This factory wasnt built by the German during the Second World War 12 This house and these cars are going to be painted by the Greens for Chrismas day 13 The cats had been fed by Ann before she went to the cinema 14 The pollution problems have been discussed by the students since last week 15 Has the most valuable painting in the national meseum been stlen by the thieves 16 The new president will be interviewed on TV (by some people) 17 How many languages are spoken in Canada (by them)? 18 Are those shoes going to be repaired? 19 His nose has been broken in a football match (by him) 20 Have the above sentences been finished? EXERCISE (õy l dng bi cú tõn ng -> cú cỏch chuyn nhng chuyờn ny chỳng tụi ch gii thiu cỏch) This dish is brought to me by the waiter These postcards are sent to us by our friend This story was told to them by their grandmother when they visited her last week 213 This train ticket was ordered for Tims mother The special cameras werent shown to me Her ticket was shown to the airline agent by her His new shoes are lent to his friends (by him) Five million pounds was left to her relatives (by her) These boxes were handed to the customer by the shop assistant 10 The first prize was awarded to the reporter by the board 11 Have the christmas cards been sent to your family? 12 Alice was appointed secretary for the meeting by the committee 13 The broken cup is hidden in the drawer (by him) 14 This room is kept tidy (by them) all the time 15 The party was voted a great success(by them) 16 Ann was given some bananas and some flowers(by us) 17 The fridge was moved into the living room(by them) 18 Some cups of tea were brought to the visitors in the next room (by her) 19 The new project is found worthless 20 The note wasnt taken to the manager by the secretary EXERCISE I was told that you were the best architect in this city It was reported that the flowers were killed by frost./ The flowers were reported to be killed by frost I am informed that the director is going to take a business trip to England It was announced that the meeting was delayed until next week It was discovered that this cotton was grown in Egypt It is promised that the performance will start on time It is recommended that we should stay at the city center It was believed that Alice would pass the driving test./ Alice was believed to pass the driving test All the workers are notified that they will have to work extra hard this month 10 I have been persuaded that they will go with me to the stadium 214 11 It has been decided that the company will go to the beach together at the weekend 12 It is thought that Maradona is the best football player in the 20 th century./ Maradona is thought to be the best football player in the 20th century 13 It is found that the job is not suitable for a girl like her./ The job is found to be not suitable for a girl like her 14 It was explained that this powerful engine pulled the train 15 I was told that his football team had played well last season EXERCISE I had the gate painted last week She will have her car washed tomorrow They have the story told again John gets his shirt cleaned Anne had had her composition typed Rick will have his hair cut I will get a new dress made He had his car repaired She often gets the heater maitained 10 They had the shoplifter arrested 11 Are you going to have your shoes repaired? 12 I must have my teeth checked 13 She will have her dog examined 14 We had this photograph taken when we were on holiday last summer 15 The Greens had their carpet cleaned D Bi t gii EXERCISE They break the glass into small pieces Wash the glass with a detergent liquid People speak English over the world Ms Linh teaches us how to speak English properly 215 Somebody cleans the room everyday The milkman brings bottles of milk to houses They don't use this house very often Do they usually hold the concerts at the school? They started a dancing class last week 10 Mr Smith saw the accident 11 Somebody has taken my briefcase 12 The teacher returned our written work to us 13 She has finished the report by noon 14 The mad dog bit the little boy 15 The police have arrested five suspects EXERCISE Did Tom write that report? No, he didn't write it Alice wrote it Did the archeologists discover the ancient skeleton? No, they didnt discover it A farmer discovered it Was Sally preparing the food? No she wasnt preparing it Her mother was preparing it Does Mr Parr play that violin? No, he doesnt play it His son plays it Is Jack going to return the books to the library? No, he isnt going to return them His sister is going to return them Exercise The rescuers for their bravery and fortitude in locating the lost mountain climbers A were praised B praised C were praising D praising About 15,000 years ago, northern Wisconsin under ice a mile deep A buried B was burying C was buried D had buried Edward was new on the job, but he quickly fit himself into the routine of the office 216 A established B establishing C establishes D establish The Mayan Indians an accurate and sophisticated calendar more than seven centuries ago A were developed B developed C are developed D have been developed About 15,000 years ago, northern Wisconsin under ice a mile deep A buried B was burying C was buried D had buried When I woke up and looked outside, the landscape had changed The ground had been lightly with a dusting of snow during the night A covering B cover C covers D covered We can't even walk in the storm Let's wait in the hallway where we'll be the strong winds until things quiet down A protected from B protected by C protecting from D protecting by " about the eight o'clock flight to Chicago?" "Not yet." A Has been an announcement made B Has an announcement made C Has an announcement been made D Has been made an announcement Last night a tornado swept through Rockville It _ everything in its path A destroyed B was destroyed C was being destroyed D had been destroyed 10 Be sure to wash the vegetables throroughly A lot of pesticides residue on unwashed produce A can find B can found C can be found D can be finding 11 Dynamite by Alfred Bernard Nobel A had been invented C was invented B invented D was being invented 12 Wait a minute! The table A is being laid B had been laid C is laid D has been laid 13 This exercise may with a pencil A be written B be to write C be writing 217 D write 14 this work before you went to London? A Will - have been done B Has - been done C Will - be done D Had - been done 15 If you about it, will you be able to answer? A are asked B ask C will be asked D asked 16 A shortage fo water is a problem in many parts of the world In some areas, water from the ground faster than nature can replenish the supply A is being taken B has been taking C is taking D has teken 17 Vitamin C by the human body It gets into the blood stream quickly A absorbs easily B is easily absorbing C is easily absorbed D absorbed easily 18 "When can I have my car back?" "I think it'll late this afternoon." A finish B be finished C have finished D be finish 19 My country the pursuit of world peace A is dedicating to B is dedicated to C is dedicating by D is dedicated by 20 I didn't think my interview went very well, but I guess it must have Despite all my anxiety, I for the job I wanted I'm really going to work hard to justify their confidence A was hiring B hired C got hiring D got hired Exercise 8: Chuyn cỏc cõu sau sang cõu ch ng This question was often put to me but it was never answered by me It was decided that their marriage would be organized in December I had been given a card to the club and in the afternoon it was used by me to go there to play bridge You will be given new instructions before you leave It was believed that the fire was caused by a short circuit in the lift machinery I was lent the book by my friend They had been caught by the war in Australia A new block of flats is being built down the street 218 He had to be operated on 10 My collection of stamps has been stolen 11 Lessons should be made more interesting 12 Im afraid this vase cannot be repaired 13 Her boy friend is well spoken of Phn b sung The active and the passive sentences ( Câu chủ động câu bị động) A Definition: ( Định nghĩa) 1/ The Active form: ( Thể chủ động ) dạng câu mà chủ từ câu ngời / vật thực hành động gây tác động lên ngời vật khác Ex: - Ann writes a letter - Some farmers are working in the rice field 2/ The passive form: ( Câu bị động) dạng câu mà chử từ câu nhận tác động ngời vật khác chịu tác động ngời vật khác lên Ex: - John is punished by his father - I was followed by an old man Lu ý: Sử dụng câu bị động, quan tâm nhiều đến hành động đợc thực nh mà không ý đến tác nhân gây hành động Ex: - Rice is produced in Vietnam B Quy tắc chuyển từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động Muốn chuyển từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động, ta thực bớc sau: Active: Passive: làm) Form: S + S VA + + Be VPII Be + V Past Participle / PII O + By O (tác nhân/ ngời V-ed V cột3 (ĐTBQT) B1: Lấy tân ngữ câu chủ động làm chủ ngữ câu bị động B2: Nếu cố trợ động từ câu chủ động, đặt trợ động từ sau chủ ngữ câu bị động B3: Chia động từ To be theo trợ động từ câu chủ động Câu củ động chia thì động từ to be câo bị động chia 219 B4: Đặt động từ câu chủ động dạng V PII (Động từ chia phân từ 2) B5: Chuyển chủ ngữ câu chủ động thành dạng by O sau động từ câu ( bỏ by O không quan trọng đợc hiểu ngầm) C Cấu trúc câu bị động chia theo trợ động từ: Simple present tense (thì đơn) S + is/ am / are + V p2 Ex: A: Ann writes a letter P: A letter is written by Ann Present continuous tense: ( Thì tiếp diễn) S + is/ am / are + being + V p2 Ex: A: P: Ann is writing a letter A letter is being written by Ann Simple past tense: ( Thì khứ đơn) S + were/ was + Vp2 Ex: A: Ann wrote a letter P: A letter was written by Ann Past continuous tense: ( Thì khứ tiếp diễn) S + were/ was + being + Vp2 Ex: A: Ann was writing a letter P: A letter was being written by Ann Present perfect tense: ( Thì hoàn thành) I/ We/ You/ They + have He/ she/ it + has + been + Vp2 Ex: A: Ann has written a letter P: A letter has been written by Ann Past perfect tense: ( Thì khứ hoàn thành) S + had + been + Vp2 Ex: A: Ann had written a letter P: A letter had been written by Ann Simple future tense: ( Thì tơng lai đơn) Ex; I/ We He/ She/ It/ They/ You + will/ shall + + will be + Vp2 A: Ann will write a letter P: A letter will be written by Ann Future of intention: ( Thì tơng lai có dự định) S + is/ am/ are + going to + be + Vp2 Ex; A: Ann is going to write a letter P: A letter is going to be written by Ann Future perfect tense: (Thì tơng lai hoàn thành) I/ We + will/ shall + have + been + Vp2 220 Ex: He/ She/ It/ They/ You + will A: Ann will have written a letter P: A letter will have been written by Ann 10 Modal verbs: ( trợ động từ/ động từ khuyết thiếu) Can/ may/ must/ ought to/ should/ would/ could/ might S + modal verbs + be + Vp2 Ex: Lu ý: A: You can see him now P: He can be seen (by you) now - Ta bỏ by me/ by him/ by her/ by it/ by us/ by you/ by them/ by some one/ by somebody/ by people câu bị động - Trong trờng hợp, câu chủ động có trạng ngữ nôi chốn ta đặt trạng ngữ nơi chốn trớc by O Ex: The police found him in the forest He was found in the forest by the police - Trong trờng hợp, câu chủ động có trạng ngữ thời gian ta đặt trạng ngữ thời gian sau by O Ex: My parents are going to buy a new car tomorrow A new car is going to be bought by my parents tomorrow - Trong trờng hợp, câu chủ động có trạng ngữ nôi chốn trạng ngữ thời gian Thì chuyển sang câu bị động vị chí xếp trạng ngữ phải tuân theo quy tắc sau: S + be + VP2 + địa điểm + by O + thời gian Ex: Lan was taken to the park by her mother yesterday morning S be VP2 địa điểm by O thời gian - Nếu tân ngữ câu bị động vật việc ta dùng giới từ With thay dùng by trớc objects Ex: Smoke filled the room The room was filled with smoke - Nếu động từ chủ động có hai tân ngữ hai tân ngữ làm chủ ngữ câu bị động Tuy nhiên tân ngữ ngời đợc u tiên sữ dụng nhiều Ex: I am writing her a letter O1 O2 She is being written a letter A letter is being written to her - Các động từ: ask/ tell/ give/ send/ show/ teach/ pay/ offer thờng có hai tân ngữ - chủ ngữ câu chủ động thể phủ định ( no one, nobody, none of chuyển sang câu bị động, chia động từ bị động dạng bị động Ex: No one can answer this question This question cant be answered Một số dạng bị động khác 1/ Dạng nhờ bảo: ( Causative form) Have / Get/ make Active: S + have + O (ngời) + bare infinitive + O (ngời/ vật) Passive: S + have + O (vật) + Vp2 + ( by O ngời ) 221 Ex: - I had him repair my bicycle yesterday I had my bicycle repaired (by him) yesterday Active: S + get + O (ngời) + to infinitive + O (vật) Passive: S + get + O (vật) + Vp2 + (by O ngời ) Ex: - I get her to make some coffee I get some coffee made (by her) Active: S + make + O (ngời) + bare infinitive + O2 (ngời/ vật) Passive: S + be made + to infinitive + O2 + ( by O ngời ) Ex: - He makes this boy clean the car The boy is made to clean the car 2/ Động từ giác quan: (see/ watch/ hear ) Active: S + verb + O + bare infinitive / V-ing + Passive: S (OA) + be + Vp2 + to infinitive/ V-ing + Ex: - They saw her come in She was seen to come in 3/ Động từ ý kiến: (say/ think/ believe/ report/ .) Active: Passive: Ex: S + verb + That + clause ( S2 + V2 + O2) * It + be + Vp2 + that + clause * S2 + be + Vp2 + to infinitive to have Vp2 - People say that he is a famous doctor It is said that he is a famous doctor He is said to be a famous doctor - They thought that Mary had gone away Marry was thought to have gone away It was thought that Marry had gone away 4/ Câu mệnh lệnh: a/ Active: Passive: Verb + O + Let + O + be Vp2 + Ex: write your name here Let your name be written here b/ S + let + O(ngời) + + something S(O) + be + let + to something S(O) + be + allowed + to something Ex: He let me go out I was let to go out I was allowed to go out "Ni ng t" thng khụng dựng cõu b ng theo cỏch dựng ca ngi núi ting Anh 222 Mt s ng t thng khụng dựng dng b ng theo cỏch dựng ca ngi bn ng nh: appear, arrive, become, come, disappear, exist, happen, remain, stay, occur, take place Some of items I ordered arrived two days later (Mt vi sn phm tụi ó t n mun hn hai ngy) All the participants remained in their seats during the recess (Tt c ngi tham gia ngi ti ch sut thi gian ngh hp gia gi) Nhng ng t th hin ý ngha ch s s hu, s tn ti, hay mt li tuyờn b, cng khụng th dựng th b ng Nhng ng t ny bao gm: become, belong to, have, lack, meet, resemble These files and discs belong to the Sale Department (Nhng tin ny v a ny thuc b phn bỏn hng) We had the meal with the buyers from the Philippines (Chỳng tụi ó n ti vi nhng khỏch hng n t Philippines) The manager became the general manager when I got back from my business trip (Ngi qun lớ ó tr thnh tng giỏm c tụi tr li t chuyn cụng tỏc ca mỡnh) Bài tập I/ Change the following sentences from active into passive form Somebody has taken my briefcase The teacher returned our written work to us She had finished her report by soon The mad dog bit the little boy The police have arrested five suspects The doctor ordered him to take a long rest lightening struck the house A group of students have met their friends at the rail way station They didnt allow Tom to take these books home 10 The teacher wont correct exercises tomorrow 11 Marry has operated Tom since 10 oclock 12 This is the second time they have written to us about this 13 Mr Smith has taught us French for two year 14 They didnt look after the children properly 15 Nobody swept this street last week 16 People drink a great deal of tea in England 17 People speak English all over the world 18 Tom was writing two poems 19 She often takes her dog for a walk 20 They cant make tea with cold water 21 The chief engineer was instructing all the workers of the plan 223 22 Somebody has taken some of my book away 23 They will hold the meeting before the May Day 24 They have to repair the engine of the car 25 The boys broke the window and took away some pictures 26 People spend a lot of money on advertising everyday 27 They may use this room for the classroom 28 The teacher is going to tell a story 29 Marry is cutting the cake with a sharp knife 30 The children looked at the women with a red hat 31 She used to pull my hat over my eyes 32 For the past years, I have done all my washing by hand 33 A pair of Robins has built a nest in the porch since last week 34 The police havent found the murderer yet 35 They sold one of her paintings at $1,000 36 I will put your gloves back in the drawer 37 People speak English in almost every corner of the world 38You mustnt use the machine after 5.30 p.m 39 Luckily for me, they didnt call my name 40 After class, one of the students always erases the chalk board 41 You must clean the wall before you paint it 42 They told the new pupil where to sit 43 I knew that they had told him of the meeting 44 Nobody has ever treated me with such kindness 45 No one believes this story 46 A sudden increase in water pressure may break the dam 47 We must take good care of books borrowed from the library 48 A man I know told me about it 49 We can never find him at home for he is always on the move 50 They use milk for making butter and cheese II/ Change the following sentences from active into passive form 1.Yes No questions 1.Do they teach English here? 2.Will you invite her to your wedding party? 3.Did the teacher give some exercise? 4.Is she going to write a poem? 5.Have they changed the window of the laboratory? 6.Is she making big cake for the party? 7.Has Tom finished the work? 8.Are the police making inquires about the thief? 9.Must we finish the test before ten? 10.Will buses bring the children home? Wh question: 11 When will you the work? 12 How many days did she spend finishing the work? 13 How you spend this amount of money? 14 What books are people reading this year? 15 How did the police find the lost man? 16 Who looked after the children for you? 17 How long have they waited for the doctor? 18 What time can the boys hand in their paper? 19 Why didnt they help him? 20 Who are they keeping in the kitchen? Sentences with verbs continue and begin 21 Well continue to use this computer 22 They began to plant rubber trees in big plantation 23 People can continue to enjoy natural resources 24 People will continue to drink coca cola in the 21st century 224 25 American people began to love football Sentences with phrasal verbs 26 They gave up the research after three hours 27 Someone should look into the matter 28 Dont speak until someone speak to you 29 A neighbor is looking after the children 30 Your story brings back pleasant memories Sentences with verbs of perception: (giác quan) 31 I have heard her sing that song several times 32 People saw him steal your car 33 The teacher is watching them work 34 He wont let you that silly thing again 35 People dont make the children work hard 36 They made him work all day 37 The detective saw the woman putting the jewelry in her bag 38 The terrorists made the hostages lie down 39 Police advise drivers to use an alternative route 40 She helps me all these difficult exercises Sentences with advise, beg, order, urge, agree, decide 41 She advised me to sell that house 42 They beg us to help them 43 He orders us to clean the floor 44 He recommends me to the job 45 She urged him to visit her parents as soon as possible Sentences of imperative: 46 Open your book! 47 Take off your hat! 48 Dont that silly thing again! 49 Let tell them about it! 50 Dont let the other see you!] Some special sentences: 51 It is dangerous for us to take the short cut 52 You need to have you hair cut 53 You must see it to believe it 54 John wants someone to take some photographs 55 We enjoy writing letter III Read the sentences then write another sentences with the same meaning It is believe that the wanted man is living in New York - The wanted man It is said that many people are homeless after the flood - Many people It is known that the Prime Minister is in favor of the new law - The Prime Minister It is expected that the government will lose the election - The government It is thought that the prisoner escaped climbing over the wall - The prisoner It is believed that the thieves got in through the kitchen - The thieves It is alleged that he drove through the town at 90 miles an hour 225 He It is reported that two people were seriously injured in the accident - Two people It is said that three men were arrested after the explosion - Three men 10 It is said that he is 108 years old He 11 They rumored the man was still living - The man 12 They declared that she won the competition She 13 People believed that13 is an unlucky number - Number 13 14 They saw that John is the brightest student in class John 15 People believed that the earth stood still - The earth III Change the following sentences into passive voice (5points) She has to pick fruit very early in the morning The house was dirty because she hadnt cleaned it for weeks She is taking care of the baby girl Children should treat old men with respect She was wearing her new T-shirt when I met her yesterday 226 [...]... của câu chủ động làm chủ ngữ của câu bị động B2: Nếu cố trợ động từ trong câu chủ động, đặt trợ động từ ấy ngay sau chủ ngữ của câu bị động B3: Chia động từ To be theo thì và trợ động từ của câu chủ động Câu củ động chia ở thì nào thì động từ to be trong câo bị động chia ở thì đấy 219 B4: Đặt động từ chính của câu chủ động ở dạng V PII (Động từ chia ở phân từ 2) B5: Chuyển chủ ngữ của câu chủ động. .. sentences ( Câu chủ động câu bị động) A Definition: ( Định nghĩa) 1/ The Active form: ( Thể chủ động ) là dạng câu mà chủ từ của câu là ngời / vật thực hiện hành động gây ra tác động lên ngời hoặc vật khác Ex: - Ann writes a letter - Some farmers are working in the rice field 2/ The passive form: ( Câu bị động) là dạng câu mà chử từ của câu nhận tác động của ngời hoặc vật khác chịu tác động bởi ngời... is punished by his father - I was followed by an old man Lu ý: Sử dụng câu bị động, khi chúng ta quan tâm nhiều đến hành động đợc thực hiện nh thế nào mà không chú ý đến tác nhân gây ra hành động đó Ex: - Rice is produced in Vietnam B Quy tắc chuyển từ một câu chủ động sang câu bị động Muốn chuyển từ một câu chủ động sang câu bị động, ta thực hiện các bớc sau: Active: Passive: làm) Form: S + S VA +... letter A letter is being written to her - Các động từ: ask/ tell/ give/ send/ show/ teach/ pay/ offer thờng có hai tân ngữ - nếu chủ ngữ trong câu chủ động ở thể phủ định ( no one, nobody, none of thì khi chuyển sang câu bị động, chúng ta chia động từ bị động ở dạng bị động Ex: No one can answer this question This question cant be answered Một số dạng bị động khác 1/ Dạng nhờ bảo: ( Causative form)... her mother yesterday morning S be VP2 địa điểm by O thời gian - Nếu tân ngữ trong câu bị động chỉ sự vật sự việc thì ta dùng giới từ With thay vì dùng by trớc objects Ex: Smoke filled the room The room was filled with smoke - Nếu động từ chủ động có hai tân ngữ thì một trong hai tân ngữ có thể làm chủ ngữ trong câu bị động Tuy nhiên tân ngữ chỉ ngời đợc u tiên sữ dụng nhiều hơn Ex: I am writing her... written by Ann 10 Modal verbs: ( trợ động từ/ động từ khuyết thiếu) Can/ may/ must/ ought to/ should/ would/ could/ might S + modal verbs + be + Vp2 Ex: Lu ý: A: You can see him now P: He can be seen (by you) now - Ta có thể bỏ by me/ by him/ by her/ by it/ by us/ by you/ by them/ by some one/ by somebody/ by people trong câu bị động - Trong trờng hợp, câu chủ động có trạng ngữ chỉ nôi chốn thì ta... found in the forest by the police - Trong trờng hợp, câu chủ động có trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian thì ta đặt trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian sau by O Ex: My parents are going to buy a new car tomorrow A new car is going to be bought by my parents tomorrow - Trong trờng hợp, câu chủ động có cả trạng ngữ chỉ nôi chốn và trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian Thì khi chuyển sang câu bị động vị chí sắp xếp các trạng ngữ phải tuân theo... B4: Đặt động từ chính của câu chủ động ở dạng V PII (Động từ chia ở phân từ 2) B5: Chuyển chủ ngữ của câu chủ động thành dạng by O sau động từ chính trong câu ( có thể bỏ by O nếu nó không quan trọng hoặc đợc hiểu ngầm) C Cấu trúc của câu bị động chia theo thì và trợ động từ: 1 Simple present tense (thì hiện tại đơn) S + is/ am / are + V p2 Ex: A: Ann writes a letter P: A letter is written by Ann 2... infinitive + O2 + ( by O ngời ) Ex: - He makes this boy clean the car The boy is made to clean the car 2/ Động từ chỉ giác quan: (see/ watch/ hear ) Active: S + verb + O + bare infinitive / V-ing + Passive: S (OA) + be + Vp2 + to infinitive/ V-ing + Ex: - They saw her come in She was seen to come in 3/ Động từ chỉ ý kiến: (say/ think/ believe/ report/ .) Active: Passive: Ex: S + verb + That + clause (... famous doctor It is said that he is a famous doctor He is said to be a famous doctor - They thought that Mary had gone away Marry was thought to have gone away It was thought that Marry had gone away 4/ Câu mệnh lệnh: a/ Active: Passive: Verb + O + Let + O + be Vp2 + Ex: write your name here Let your name be written here b/ S + let + O(ngời) + do + something S(O) + be + let + to do something S(O) + be