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Lecture management a pacific rim focus chapter 2 pioneering ideas in management

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PowerPoint Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus Enhanced Edition.. PowerPoint Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus Enhanced Edition.. PowerPoint Slides t/a Management: A Paci

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© 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PowerPoint

Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus

Enhanced Edition Slides prepared by David

Meacheam & George Sansbury

1

CHAPTER 2

PIONEERING IDEAS IN

MANAGEMENT

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© 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PowerPoint

Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus

Enhanced Edition Slides prepared by David

Meacheam & George Sansbury

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© 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PowerPoint

Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus

Enhanced Edition Slides prepared by David

Meacheam & George Sansbury

3

Early management ideas

• Robert Owen (1771–1858)

Identified the importance of working and social

conditions for employees.

• Charles Babbage (1792–1871)

Ideas on work specialisation, production efficiency, incentive and profit-sharing plans.

• Henry R Towne (1844–1924)

Called for a ‘management science’ that would

establish ‘principles’ of management.

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© 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PowerPoint

Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus

Enhanced Edition Slides prepared by David

Meacheam & George Sansbury

4

Early management ideas

Assessing the early contributions:

• Uncoordinated efforts.

• Contributions tended to relate to specific problems.

• Did not see ‘management’ as a separate field or skill

(until Towne).

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© 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PowerPoint

Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus

Enhanced Edition Slides prepared by David

Meacheam & George Sansbury

5

Classical theorists

‘This viewpoint emphasises managing work and organisations more efficiently.

It comprises three different management

approaches: scientific, administrative and

bureaucratic.’

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© 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PowerPoint

Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus

Enhanced Edition Slides prepared by David

Meacheam & George Sansbury

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© 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PowerPoint

Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus

Enhanced Edition Slides prepared by David

Meacheam & George Sansbury

7

Scientific management

‘Scientific management is an approach within

classical management theory emphasising the

scientific study of work methods to improve worker efficiency.’

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© 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PowerPoint

Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus

Enhanced Edition Slides prepared by David

Meacheam & George Sansbury

8

Scientific management

Frederick W Taylor

Four principles of ‘scientific management’:

• Select & train the best.

• Determine the most efficient work methods.

• Co-operate with workers to ensure best method is

used.

• Divide work/responsibility between workers &

managers.

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© 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PowerPoint

Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus

Enhanced Edition Slides prepared by David

Meacheam & George Sansbury

9

Scientific management

• Frank & Lillian Gilbreth

– Time & motion studies

– Human implications of Scientific Management

• Henry Gantt

– Pay incentives

– Gantt chart

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© 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PowerPoint

Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus

Enhanced Edition Slides prepared by David

Meacheam & George Sansbury

10

Bureaucratic management

‘Approach emphasising the need for organisations to operate in a rational manner rather than relying on owner’s and manager’s arbitrary whims.’

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© 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PowerPoint

Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus

Enhanced Edition Slides prepared by David

Meacheam & George Sansbury

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© 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PowerPoint

Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus

Enhanced Edition Slides prepared by David

Meacheam & George Sansbury

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© 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PowerPoint

Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus

Enhanced Edition Slides prepared by David

Meacheam & George Sansbury

13

Administrative management

‘Approach focusing on principles used by managers

to co-ordinate the organisation’s internal activities.’

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© 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PowerPoint

Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus

Enhanced Edition Slides prepared by David

Meacheam & George Sansbury

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© 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PowerPoint

Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus

Enhanced Edition Slides prepared by David

Meacheam & George Sansbury

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© 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PowerPoint

Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus

Enhanced Edition Slides prepared by David

Meacheam & George Sansbury

16

Behavioural theorists

‘Perspective on management emphasising the

importance of attempting to understand various

factors affecting human behaviour in organisations.’

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© 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PowerPoint

Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus

Enhanced Edition Slides prepared by David

Meacheam & George Sansbury

17

Behavioural theorists

Early theorists:

• Hugo Munsterberg

Creating optimal psychological conditions, behaviour shaping

• Mary Parker Follett

Importance of group functioning

• Hawthorne studies

Importance of supervisory style

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© 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PowerPoint

Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus

Enhanced Edition Slides prepared by David

Meacheam & George Sansbury

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© 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PowerPoint

Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus

Enhanced Edition Slides prepared by David

Meacheam & George Sansbury

19

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Physiological Safety

Social Esteem Self-actualisation

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© 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PowerPoint

Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus

Enhanced Edition Slides prepared by David

Meacheam & George Sansbury

20

McGregor’s Theory X & Y

Theory X

Work is natural Capable of self-direction

Workers seek security

Workers seek security

Theory Y

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© 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PowerPoint

Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus

Enhanced Edition Slides prepared by David

Meacheam & George Sansbury

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© 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PowerPoint

Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus

Enhanced Edition Slides prepared by David

Meacheam & George Sansbury

22

Quantitative management

viewpoint

• Management science

‘Approach aimed at increasing decision effectiveness through use

of sophisticated mathematical models & statistical methods.’

• Operations management

‘Function or field of expertise primarily responsible for managing production & delivery of an organisation’s products and services.’

• Management information systems

‘Field of management focused on designing & implementing

computer-based information systems for use by management.’

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© 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PowerPoint

Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus

Enhanced Edition Slides prepared by David

Meacheam & George Sansbury

‘Viewpoint arguing that appropriate managerial

action depends on the particular parameters of the situation.’

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© 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PowerPoint

Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus

Enhanced Edition Slides prepared by David

Meacheam & George Sansbury

approach aimed at increasing managerial

effectiveness while remaining compatible with the norms and values of American society and culture.’

• Total Quality approach

‘Approach highlighting collective responsibility for product and service quality, and encouraging

individuals to work together to improve quality.’

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© 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PowerPoint

Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus

Enhanced Edition Slides prepared by David

Meacheam & George Sansbury

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© 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PowerPoint

Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus

Enhanced Edition Slides prepared by David

Meacheam & George Sansbury

26

Lecture summary

• Early management ideas

Generation of ideas leading to identification of

management as a significant field of inquiry.

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© 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PowerPoint

Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus

Enhanced Edition Slides prepared by David

Meacheam & George Sansbury

Views of organisations as systems, importance of

contingency factors & amalgamating Japanese & American management practices

• Innovation & management theory

Each approach provides insights, knowledge & practice regarding the management of innovation in organisations

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