CHAPTER 15 MANAGING GROUPS © 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PowerPoint Lecture outline • Foundations of work groups • Work-group inputs • Work-group processes • Task forces and teams © 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PowerPoint Foundations of work groups Work group: Two or more interdependent individuals interacting and influencing each other in collective pursuit of a common goal © 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PowerPoint Foundations of work groups Types of work groups: • Formal Group officially created by an organisation for a specific purpose • Informal Group established by employees (not the organisation) to serve members’ interests or social needs © 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PowerPoint Foundations of work groups Formal groups: Group officially created by an organisation for a specific purpose • Command/functional • Task groups: – Permanent – Temporary © 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PowerPoint Foundations of work groups Informal groups: Group established by employees (not the organisation) to serve members’ interests or social needs • Interest groups • Friendship groups © 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PowerPoint Work group inputs • Group composition Heterogenous/homogenous • Group roles Task, maintenance, self-oriented • Group size Size & interaction, size & performance • Leader emergence Formal or informal © 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PowerPoint Work group inputs Group composition: • Homogenous Pluses: easily formed/maintained Minuses: Lack of diversity/innovation • Heterogenous Pluses: Innovative/diverse Minuses: Co-ordination & consensus difficult © 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PowerPoint Work group inputs Group roles: • Task roles Initiator, info-seeker, info-giver, co-ordinator, orientor, energiser • Maintenance roles Encourager, harmoniser, gatekeeper, standard setter, observer, follower • Self-oriented roles Aggressor, blocker, recognition-seeker, dominator © 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PowerPoint Work group inputs Group size: • Size and group interactions • Size and group performance © 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PowerPoint 10 Work group inputs Leadership of groups: • Formal leader • Informal leader © 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PowerPoint 11 Work group processes • Group norms • Group cohesiveness • Group development © 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PowerPoint 12 Work group processes Group norms: Expected behaviours sanctioned by a group that regulate and foster uniform member behaviour • Explicit statements • Critical events • Carry-over behaviours © 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PowerPoint 13 Work group processes Group cohesion: Degree to which members are attracted to a group, are motivated to remain in it and, are mutually influenced by one another Key aspects: • Values, attitudes, external threats, accessibility, size © 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PowerPoint 14 Work group processes Group development: Forming Forming Storming Storming Norming Norming Performing Performing Adjourning Adjourning © 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PowerPoint 15 Task forces & teams Task force: Temporary task group formed to recommend on a specific issue Team: Temporary or ongoing task group with members charged to work together to identify problems, identify approach and implement necessary actions May be: Entrepreneurial, self-managing, virtual © 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PowerPoint 16 Task forces & teams Virtual teams: Physically dispersed work group using information technology as a means to interact, but rarely, if ever, meeting physically © 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PowerPoint 17 Task forces & teams Virtual teams require: • • • • • • Appropriate reward systems Continual training Clear team processes Strong technological support High level, cultural diversity & trust Leaders modelling technology use and high performance © 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PowerPoint 18 Lecture summary • Foundations of work groups – Formal – Informal • Work-group inputs – – – – Composition Roles Size Leader emergence © 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PowerPoint 19 Lecture summary • Work-group processes – Norms – Cohesiveness – Development • Task forces & teams – Task force – Team – Virtual team © 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PowerPoint 20 [...]... Performing Adjourning Adjourning © 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PowerPoint 15 Task forces & teams Task force: Temporary task group formed to recommend on a specific issue Team: Temporary or ongoing task group with members charged to work together to identify problems, identify approach and implement necessary actions May be: Entrepreneurial, self -managing, virtual © 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty... PowerPoint 16 Task forces & teams Virtual teams: Physically dispersed work group using information technology as a means to interact, but rarely, if ever, meeting physically © 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PowerPoint 17 Task forces & teams Virtual teams require: • • • • • • Appropriate reward systems Continual training Clear team processes Strong technological support High level, cultural diversity... Explicit statements • Critical events • Carry-over behaviours © 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PowerPoint 13 Work group processes Group cohesion: Degree to which members are attracted to a group, are motivated to remain in it and, are mutually influenced by one another Key aspects: • Values, attitudes, external threats, accessibility, size © 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PowerPoint 14 Work group... inputs Leadership of groups: • Formal leader • Informal leader © 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PowerPoint 11 Work group processes • Group norms • Group cohesiveness • Group development © 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PowerPoint 12 Work group processes Group norms: Expected behaviours sanctioned by a group that regulate and foster uniform member behaviour • Explicit statements • Critical events... trust Leaders modelling technology use and high performance © 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PowerPoint 18 Lecture summary • Foundations of work groups – Formal – Informal • Work-group inputs – – – – Composition Roles Size Leader emergence © 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PowerPoint 19 Lecture summary • Work-group processes – Norms – Cohesiveness – Development • Task forces & teams – Task force... Leader emergence © 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PowerPoint 19 Lecture summary • Work-group processes – Norms – Cohesiveness – Development • Task forces & teams – Task force – Team – Virtual team © 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PowerPoint 20