Một số giải pháp xử lý phân và nước thải nhằm giảm ô nhiễm môi trường trong chăn nuôi lợn trang trại tập trung

TRINH QUANG TUYEN - Mot so gidi phdp xit ly phdn vd mrac thdi MOT S6 GIAI PHAP XLT LY PHAN VA Nl/dC THAI NHAM GIAM NHIEM MOI TRUOfNG TRONG CHAN NUOI LOfN TRANG TRAI TAP TRUNG Trjnh Quang Tuyen', Nguyen Que Coi', Ddm Tudn TH', Nguyin Tiin Thong', Le Vdn Sdng' vd Nguyen Duy Phuomg' 'Trung tam nghien ciru Xqn Thuy Phu-ong-Vifn ChSn nuoi; Vifn Tho nhu-ong Nong ho^ *Tac gia lien he: Trinh Quang Tuyin - Trung tam nghien ciiu Igm Thuy Phuang-Vi?n Chan nuoi Tel: 0989750711; Email: quangtuyenven@yahoo.com.vn ABSTRACT Solution of applying waste treatment in to intensive pig farms to reduce environment pollution Since environment pollution caused by waste of pig production farms is increasing nowadays, a study has been conducted since 2008 to identify waste management technologies that are most suitable for different types of pig farm holdings Result on solid waste treatment indicated that: the use of EM secondary solution, EM Bokashi, Compostmaker and traditional method to treat pig manure gives good results (composting can kill microorganism pathogens, parasites, and produce non-odorous product) Of treatment techniques noted above, the technique used EM solution is the simplest, quickest and easy to apply in intensive pig farms Result on wastewater treatment pointed that: using EM secondary solution and water hyacinth in wastewater treatment can reduce the amount of substances caused environment pollution as COD, BOD5, NO2", NO3", P total, Colifoms When using EM secondary solution for wastewater treating, the reduction of COD is about 81,3% (from 732,9 mg/l (before treating) to 137,1 mg/l (after treating) BOD5, NO3, and total P concentrations reduce 82,7%, 73,8% and 80,1%, respectively The remained levels of these substances in treated wastewater meet the standard requirement (level B) of Vietnam (TCN 678-2006) Treatment by EM secondary solution is in shorter time but gives greater efficiency in reducing level of polluted substances than treatment by water hyacinth Wastewater treatment by using water hyacinth is more suitable for remote areas where the investment for waste management is low and the access to biological additives is limited Result on application of waste treatment technologies to pig farm holdings showed that: applying waste treatment techniques decreases odor emission, reduces environment pollution and increases the efficacy of pig production (improving pig performance and profit ratio) Keywords: waste, wastewater, pig farm DATVANDE C) nudc ta viec xir ly chat thai chan nudi lgn cdn nhd Ie theo phuang phap truyen thdng dom gian nhu: Phan lgn dugc ii hoac diing tuoi lam thirc an nudi ca hoac lam phan bdn cho cay trdng, chat thai ldng dugc xir ly qua biogas va chay thang ngoai mdi trudmg hoac diing de tudi cay Tuy nhien, qui md chan nudi mdt md rgng, chat thai chan nudi mdt nhieu nen phuomg phap xir ly truyen thdng khdng cdn thich hgp da gay d nhiem lam anh hudmg true tiep den mdi trudmg sdng cua nhieu viing ndng thdn Van de d nhiem chat thai chan nudi ma chu yeu la chan nudi lgn la dang lo ngai mat nudi cao va cdng nghe xir ly ciing nhu miic dau tu cho xii ly chat thai cdn han che Trong nhurng nam vira qua cd mdt sd nghien ciiu va trien khai cdng nghe da dau tu mdt sd md hinh xir ly chat thai chan nudi vao thuc tien a Viet Nam Tuy mirc cdng cua mdi md hinh la khac nhumg da gdp phan giam thieu d nhiem va budc dau dua cac cdng nghe xir ly chat thai tien tien d nudrc ngoai vao thuc tien Viet Nam Cac phuang phap xir ly chat thai chan nudi dugc ap dung hien deu dua tren cac cdng nghe da dugc ap dung cdng tren the gioi nhung de phii hgp vdi thuc tien Viet Nam van cdn gap khdng it khd khan quy md chan nudi da dang, vdn dau tu va chi phi van hanh thap, trinh va hieu biet cua ngudri chan nudi chua dap img nhu cau Mdt sd nghien ciiu xir ly phan lgn bang EM, ung dung BIO-F xir ly nuac thai chan nudi bang cay thuy sinh, cd Huang bai (Vetiver) 55 VIEN CHAN NUOI - Tgp chi Khoa hgc Cong nghi Chdn nuoi - So 28-Thang 02 - 2011 da giam thiiu d nhiem mdi trudmg chan nudi lgn (Chantsavang va cs, 1992; Biii Huy Hien, 2008; Trinh Quang Tuyen va cs, 2008; Vo Thj Hanh va cs (2004; Delgado,1995; James, 1996; Rebecca, 1979) Song vln chua cd nghien ciiu ddng bd dk lira chgn dugc phuang phap xir ly phii hgp xu Iy phan va nuac thai chan nudi lgn chan nudi tap tnmg Nghien ciiu va xac dinh cac phuang phap phii hgp dl xir ly phan va nudrc thai chan nudi, img dung cho cac trang trai la rit cin thilt va cip bach Vi vay, chiing toi tien hainh"Nghien cim mdt sd gidi phdp xir ly phdn vd nudc thdi nhdm gidm thieu d nhiem mdi truang chdn nudi lan trang trgi tap trung " Muc tieu cUa de tdi: Xac dinh dugc phuomg phap xii ly phan lgn va nuac thai phii hgp chan nudi lgn trang trai tap trung nhim giam thiiu d nhiem mdi trudmg Xay dung dugc cac md hinh chan nudi lgn trang trai ap dung phuomg phap xu ly phan va nuac thai gdp phan giam thieu d nhiem mdi trudmg VAT LIEU VA PHU'ONG PHAP NGHIEN CUtJ Vat lieu, thoi gian va dia diem nghien ciru: Dia diem nghien ciru: Ha Ndi, Ha Tay (cii), Thai Binh, Ninh Binh Th&i gian nghien ciru: Tir thang nam 2008 den thang nam 2010 Vgt lifu nghien ciru: EM gdc; EM thii cap; EM Bokashi; Compost maker, vdi bgt, beo luc binh, nuac thai, phan lgn Phvong phap nghien ciru Thi nghiem cdc phuang phdp xuly phdn thdi chdn nuoi lent trang trgi tap trung Bd tri thi nghiem xir ly phan lgn chan nudi lgn trang trai tap trung Khdi lugng phan xir ly/dgt (tan) Ngay theo ddi/dgt Sd lan lap lai Ld 1: EM thii cap Ld 2: EM bokashi Ld 3: Compost maker Ld 4: Phuang phap truyen thdng 3,5 3,5 3,5 3:5 15 15 30 • 45 Phuang phdp xu ly phdn lorn bdng che phdm EM thic cdp: Rai phan ldp day 20 cm, rdng 1,5 met, chieu dai met Diing che pham EM thii cap pha loang theo ty le 1/100 phun uot diu ddng phan (tir 20-25 lit dung dich da pha loang/lm^) Tiep tuc lam nhilu Idrp din ddng phan cao 0,8 met Dimg bat dura che phu be mat Sau tiln hanh dao ddng ii va phun EM thii cap lan lieu lugng nhu lan 1, de tiep tuc sau dd tiln hanh thu san phim San pham la phan hum ca dugc dua sir dung hoac de khd tu nhien thi ddng bao bao quan Phuang phdp xit ly phdn lan bdng che phdm EM Bokashi: Rai phan lop day 20 cm, rgng 1,5 met, chieu dai met Dung che pham EM Bokashi rac deu tren bl mat lop phan vdi lugng EM Bokashi la 5% so vdi lugng phan Tiep tuc lam nhieu lop din ddng phan cao 0,8 met Diing bat diia che phii tren be rnat Sau tien hanh dao ddng ii va ric EM Bokashi lan lieu lugng nhu lan 1, de tiep tuc sau tiln hanh thu san phim San pham la phan hiru ca dugc dua sir dung hoac de khd tu nhien thi ddng bao bao quan Phuang phdp xic ly phdn lan bdng che phdm Compost maker: Phan lgn dugc trgn diu vdi than biin theo ty le phan lgn va than bim la 1:1, tien hanh rai hon hgp phan lap day 20 56 TRINH QUANG TUYEN - Mgt so gidi phdp xir ly phdn vd nuac thdi cm, rdng 1,5 met, chieu dai met Diing che pham Compost maker pha loang theo ty le 1/100 phun udft deu ddng phan (tir 20-25 lit dung dich da pha loang/Im^) Tiep tuc lam nhieu ldp den ddng phan cao 0,8 met Diing bat diia che phii tren be mat Sau 15 tien hanh dao ddng il va phun Compost maker lan lieu lugng nhu lan 1, de tiep tuc 15 sau dd tien hanh thu san pham San pham la phan hiiu co dugc dua sir dung hoac de khd tu nhien thi ddng bao bao quan Phuang phdp xir ly phdn lan bdng phuang phdp truyen thdng: Phan lgn dugc trdn deu vdi vdi bgt (ty le 5% so vdi lugng phan) va beo luc binh (ty le 10%) so vdi lugng phan) Gom phan ddng rdng 1,5 met, chieu dai met Diing xeng nen chat ddng phan sau dd trat kin bang mdt lap biin day cm De 45 sau dd tien hanh thu san pham San pham la phan hum co dugc dua sir dung hoac de khd tu nhien thi ddng bao bao quan Phuong phdp xdc dinh cdc chi tieu theo doi De cd lap khdng gian lay mau va phan tich mau khdng khi, mdt budng giir phat thai tu mau phan can quan trac da dugc xay dung nhu tren hinh M^vboan hiit , Buong lay man Hinh Buong lay mau khong phat thai tir phan l[...]... 0,05 9,4±0,28 KET LUAN VA DE NGHI Kit lugn: Xir ly phan lgn trong chan nudi lgn trang trai tap trung bang cac phuang phap sir dung chl phim sinh hgc: EM thii cip, EM Bokashi, Compost maker va phuang phap tniyen thdng diu cd tac dung xir ly phan lgn thanh phan hum co khdng cdn miii hdi thdi, di?t dugc mdt so mim benh thudmg gap trong phan lgn tuoi Trong dd cdng nghe sir dung che pham EM thiir cip la dan... Trong dd cdng nghe sir dung che pham EM thiir cip la dan gian, cd thdi gian xir ly nhanh, de lam nhat phii hgp vdi cac trang trai chan nudi 69 VIEN CHAN NUOI - Tgp chi Khoa hgc Cong nghi Chdn nuoi - So 28-Thang 02 - 2011 lgn tap trung Xii ly nudc thai trong chan nudi lgn trang trai tap trung bang cac phuang phap sir dung che pham EM thii cap va phuang phap sir dung beo luc binh deu lam giam mgt sd chi... phan dugc xir ly trong cac md hinh dugc the hien qua Bang 7 Bang 7 Ket qua khdi lugng phan dugc xir ly trong cac md hinh Nhdm md hinh Dom vi Khdi lugng Md hinh II (Tir 100 den 200 lgn nai, nudi khep kin) Tan 394,8 Tan 1037,1 Md hinh I (Tir 30 den ... nghiem cdc phuang phdp xuly phdn thdi chdn nuoi lent trang trgi tap trung Bd tri thi nghiem xir ly phan lgn chan nudi lgn trang trai tap trung Khdi lugng phan xir ly/dgt (tan) Ngay theo ddi/dgt... THAO LUAN Thi nghiem xir ly phan va nuo'c thai chan nuoi lgn trang trai tap trung Thi nghiem xur ly phdn chdn nudi lan trang trgi tap trung Kit qua theo ddi nhiet cac Id thi nghiem cho thay: Nhiet... cac trang trai la rit cin thilt va cip bach Vi vay, chiing toi tien hainh"Nghien cim mdt sd gidi phdp xir ly phdn vd nudc thdi nhdm gidm thieu d nhiem mdi truang chdn nudi lan trang trgi tap trung